Wed·Oct 2, 2024Wednesday·October 2, 2024

1. 01*

   Non-perturbative Origin of the Electroweak Scale with Dyson-Schwinger: Fermionic Mass Gap and Higher-order Excitations

   Marco Frasca🇮🇹 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

   We study interaction of a fermion field $\psi$ with a scalar field $\varphi$ and analyze the spectrum of the theory obtained in this way. It is shown that due to non-perturbative dynamics in the hidden fermion sector, $\varphi$ develops a vacuum expectation value (vev) in the form of a mass gap which triggers the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and dynamically generates the SM Higgs boson mass. For estimating the non-perturbatively generated mass scale, we solve the hierarchy of Dyson-Schwinger Equations in form of partial differential equations using the exact solution known via a novel technique developed by Bender, Milton and Savage. We employ Jacobi Elliptic function as exact background solution and show that the mass gap that arises in the fermion sector can be transmuted to the EW sector, expressed in terms of fermion mass and the $\varphi$ self-quartic. We identify the suitable parameter space where the observed SM Higgs boson can be successfully generated .

   hep-phgr-qchep-th1 citation
2. 02*

   Production asymmetry of $D$ and $\bar{D}$ mesons in the LHCb fixed target experiment and intrinsic charm in the nucleon

   Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱 · Rafał Maciuła🇵🇱

   We discuss production of $D^0$ and ${\bar{D}}^0$ mesons in proton-nucleus collisions in fixed target experiments. We include gluon-gluon fusion, intrinsic charm and perturbative recombination. We compare rapidity and transverse momentum distributions obtained within our approach with recent fixed target LHCb experimental data. All the mechanisms seem important for inclusive production of $D^0+{\bar{D}}^0$ mesons. The recombination mechanism seems crucial to understand asymmetry in production of $D^0$ and ${\bar{D}}^0$ mesons.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Towards unifying perturbative and Holographic Light-Front QCD via holomorphic coupling

   Cesar Ayala🇨🇱 · Gorazd Cvetic🇨🇱

   We construct a QCD coupling $\mathcal{A}(Q^2)$ in the Effective Charge (ECH) scheme of the canonical part $d(Q^2)$ of the (inelastic) polarised Bjorken Sum Rule (BSR) ${\overline{\Gamma }}_1^{\mathrm{p}-\mathrm{n}}(Q^2)$. In the perturbative domain, the coupling $\mathcal{A}(Q^2)$ practically coincides with the perturbative coupling $a(Q^2)$ [$\equiv {\alpha }_s(Q^2)/\pi$] in the four-loop ECH renormalisation scheme. In the deep infrared (IR) regime, $\mathcal{A}(Q^2)$ behaves as suggested by the Holographic Light-Front QCD up to the second derivative. Furthermore, in contrast to its perturbative counterpart $a(Q^2)$, the coupling $\mathcal{A}(Q^2)$ is holomorphic in the entire complex $Q^2$-plane with the exception of the negative semiaxis, reflecting the holomorphic properties of the BSR observable $d(Q^2)$ [or: ${\overline{\Gamma }}_1^{\mathrm{p}-\mathrm{n}}(Q^2)$] as dictated by the general principles of the Quantum Field Theory. It turns out that the obtained coupling, used as ECH, reproduces quite well the experimental data for ${\overline{\Gamma }}_1^{\mathrm{p}-\mathrm{n}}(Q^2)$ in the entire $N_f=3$ regime $0<Q^2\lesssim 5{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Hadronic rescattering to solve helicity puzzle in $B^{+}\to p\bar{p}{\pi }^{+}(K^{+})$ decays

   I. Bediaga🇧🇷 · T. Frederico🇧🇷 · P. C. Magalhães🇧🇷 · M. A. Shalchi🇧🇷

   We explore the contribution of hadronic final state interactions (FSI) to propose a production mechanism and interpret the puzzle on helicity angle distributions in $B^{+}\to p\bar{p}{\pi }^{+}$ and $B^{+}\to p\bar{p}{K}^{+}$ decays. Experimental results indicate opposite helicity angle ${\theta }_p$ distributions in those two channels with the difference presenting a remarkable linear dependence on $\cos {\theta }_p$. We assume the production mechanism is driven by $B^{+}\to xy{m}^{+}\to p\bar{p}{m}^{+}$, where $m=\pi$ or $K$, and $xy$ represents favorable mesonic decay channels producing $p\bar{p}$. We develop a model that includes three-body final state interaction between the $p,\bar{p}$ and ${\pi }^{+}$ or $K^{+}$ considering the dominance of elastic channels ${\pi }^{+}p$ and $K^{+}\bar{p}$ interactions below 2\,GeV/c${}^2$. Our three-body framework with FSI explains qualitatively the observed opposite behavior of the helicity distributions and the observed linearity.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Enhancing DUNE's solar neutrino capabilities with neutral-current detection

   Stephan A. Meighen-Berger🇦🇺 · Jayden L. Newstead🇦🇺 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸 · Nicole F. Bell🇦🇺 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺

   We show that the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) has the potential to make a precise measurement of the total active flux of 8B solar neutrinos via neutral-current (NC) interactions with argon. This would complement proposed precise measurements of solar-neutrino fluxes in DUNE via charged-current (CC) interactions with argon and mixed CC/NC interactions with electrons. Together, these would enable DUNE to make a SNO-like comparison of rates and thus to make the most precise measurements of ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12}$ and $\Delta m_{21}^2$ using solar neutrinos. Realizing this potential requires dedicated but realistic efforts to improve DUNE's low-energy capabilities and separately to reduce neutrino-argon cross section uncertainties. Comparison of mixing-parameter results obtained using solar neutrinos in DUNE and reactor antineutrinos in JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) would allow unprecedented tests of new physics.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th+1PRL(2025)·13 citations
6. 06*

   On the Temperature Effects in QCD Axion Mass Mixing

   Hai-Jun Li🇨🇳

   In this work, we extend the QCD axion mass mixing in the early Universe and investigate the temperature effects in the mixing. We explore the scenario where two $Z_{\mathcal{N}}$ QCD axions undergo mass mixing during the QCD phase transition, yielding three distinct mixing scenarios: the mixing I, II, and III. These scenarios are realized through fine-tuning of the axion decay constants, the temperature parameters, as well as the value of $\mathcal{N}$. We conduct a thorough analysis of the level crossing phenomena in these three mixing scenarios, detailing the conditions under which they occur. Notably, in the mixing I and II, the level crossing precedes the critical temperature of the QCD phase transition ($T_{\mathrm{QCD}}$), with minimal non-essential discrepancies in the cosmological evolution of the mass eigenvalues at $T_{\mathrm{QCD}}$. In contrast, the mixing III exhibits a unique double level crossings, occurring both before and at $T_{\mathrm{QCD}}$. Despite superficial similarities in axion evolution between the mixing II and III, we uncover fundamental differences between them. Additionally, we briefly address the transition in energy density between the two axions within our mixing scenarios. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of the QCD axion in the early Universe and its potential implications for cold dark matter.

   hep-phastro-ph.COAnnals Phys.(2025)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Joint polarizations of W pair production at the LHC at NLO QCD+EW accuracy

   Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳

   In this contribution, we present new results of next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections to the doubly polarized $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production cross sections at the LHC, via the full leptonic final state. This calculation has been recently achieved independently by two groups: one in Germany and our group in Vietnam. A comparison of the two results will be presented. We include also the NLO QCD corrections in the numerical analysis since they are dominant and therefore important for comparison with experimental results. New results of integrated cross section for future proton-proton colliders with $\sqrt{s}=$ $27$ TeV, $50$ TeV, $100$ TeV are provided. Moreover, a detailed explanation of the ${\sigma }_{\text{TT}}>{\sigma }_{\text{LT}}>{\sigma }_{\text{LL}}$ hierarchy based on the Born approximation is given.

   hep-phhep-exCommun.in Phys.(2025)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Low-$Q^2$ nucleon structure from an infrared-safe evolution scheme

   Rong Wang🇨🇳

   The low-$Q^2$ nucleon structure is given with a simple nonperturbative input of three valence quarks and an all-order infrared-safe evolution scheme, showing some consistences with the experimental data. The resonance peaks in the experimental data of $F_2$ structure function are found to be modulated by the valence quark distributions. With little sea quark distribution at low $Q^2$ the valence-quark bump is clearly shown in the structure function. The three valence quark distributions at the hadronic scale is found to be the dominant origin of the PDFs at the hard scales. The high-twist corrections are needed to explain the sizeable discrepancy between the theory and the experimental measurements at low $Q^2$. The infrared-safe evolution scheme is a powerful tool for connecting the nucleon structures in the nonperturbative and perturbative regions.

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
9. 09*

   Separating the transverse and longitudinal modes of $\varphi$, $\rho$, $K^{\ast }$ and $K_1$ mesons through their angular-dependent two-body decay modes

   In Woo Park🇰🇷 · Hiroyuki Sako🇯🇵 · Kazuya Aoki🇯🇵 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Su Houng Lee🇰🇷

   The mass shift a spin-1 particle moving in the nuclear medium will depend on its polarization direction. To study polarization-independent mass shifts in the medium, we explore methods to isolate each polarization direction of spin-1 mesons through the angular-dependent two-body decay modes. Specifically, we study $\varphi \to K^{+}{K}^{-}$, $\rho \to \pi \pi$, $K^{\ast }\to K\pi$, $\varphi \to e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and $K_1\to \rho K(K^{\ast }\pi )$ decays. While each polarization mode can be isolated through angular dependencies, accomplishing the decomposition for the $K_1$ meson further requires measuring the polarization of the $\rho (K^{\ast })$ meson. Concerning $K^{\ast }$ and $K_1$ mesons, since both particles have vacuum widths smaller than 100 MeV, they are ideal candidates for experimentally measuring chiral partners. The simultaneous observation of mass shifts of these chiral partners would provide valuable insights into the contribution of chiral symmetry breaking to the generation of hadron masses.

   hep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2024)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Long-lived sterile neutrinos from an axionlike particle at Belle II

    Zeren Simon Wang🇹🇼 · Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Wei Liu🇨🇳

    Axionlike particles (ALPs) can be produced in meson decays via tree-level quark-flavor-violating couplings, and decay to a pair of sterile neutrinos if also coupled to them. Such light sterile neutrinos are necessarily long-lived and may give rise to striking signatures of displaced vertices (DVs) at terrestrial experiments. In this work, we study the prospect of the ongoing Belle II experiment for detecting the sterile neutrinos from the ALP, leveraging the $\mathcal{O}(10^{10})$ $B$-mesons projected to be produced at the experiment with an integrated luminosity of 50 ab${}^{-1}$. We propose search strategies for one or two DVs, and perform Monte-Carlo simulations in order to estimate the sensitivity reach of Belle II to active-sterile-neutrino mixing $|V_{eN}{|}^2$ as functions of the sterile-neutrino mass. Signatures include a selected list of sterile-neutrino final states, for which we estimate an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ or lower background level. Our results show that the proposed search strategies can probe values of $|V_{eN}{|}^2$ up to about two orders of magnitude beyond the existing bounds, for ALP mass over 4 GeV and sterile-neutrino mass above the $D$-meson threshold. Compared to the one-DV search, the two-DV one, despite its weaker sensitivities as a result of double exponential suppression of the sterile-neutrino decay positions, possesses the advantage of possible full reconstruction of the signal event allowing for pinning down the masses of the sterile neutrino and the ALP, if a discovery is made.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Electroweak phase transition in a vector dark matter scenario

    Nico Benincasa🇨🇳 · Luigi Delle Rose🇮🇹 · Luca Panizzi🇮🇹 · Maimoona Razzaq🇮🇹 · Savio Urzetta🇮🇹

    This study explores the parameter space of a minimal extension of the Standard Model with a non-abelian $SU(2)$ group, in which the gauge bosons are stable and acquire mass through a mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking involving a new scalar doublet which interacts with the Higgs boson through a quartic coupling. The exploration aims to assess whether it is possible to obtain a first-order phase transition while ensuring that the gauge bosons are viable dark matter candidates. Theoretical, astrophysical and collider bounds are considered. The results are then tested against the sensitivity of future experiments for the detection of gravitational wave signals.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Molecular states with charm: insights from vacuum and finite-temperature analyses

    Juan M. Torres-Rincon🇪🇸

    This contribution to the SQM2024 conference covers the molecular hypothesis for the internal structure of some open and hidden charm states. The use of effective theories that incorporate heavy-quark spin symmetry, combined with unitarization techniques, has provided strong evidences supporting this interpretation. In the heavy-light sector, we discuss the double pole structure of the $D_0^{\ast }(2300)$ and the generation of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$. In the hidden charm sector, we focus on the exotic $X(3872)$ and its heavy-quark partner, the $X(4014)$. Furthermore, we emphasize the benefits of femtoscopic measurements in $p+p$ collisions to establish the nature of these states, as well as the potential role of temperature to discern their internal structure.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·1 citation
13. 13*

    Residual flavour (anti)symmetries at the modular self-dual point and constraints on neutrino masses and mixing

    Monal Kashav🇮🇳 · Ketan M. Patel🇮🇳

    We explore the implications of symmetries that remain unbroken at the self-dual point $\tau =i$ in modular invariant theories. Assuming that (a) the three generations of lepton doublets transform as an irreducible representation of a finite modular group ${\Gamma }_N$, and (b) the light neutrino masses arise from the Weinberg operator and are in modular form, we demonstrate that this setup yields a unique residual flavor symmetry or antisymmetry for the neutrinos, depending on the modular weight. In the antisymmetric case, one neutrino is always massless, and the other two can be degenerate if the mass matrix is real. These findings are independent of the level $N$. If the charged leptons are arranged to exhibit an appropriate residual symmetry from the same ${\Gamma }_N$, they determine a column of the leptonic mixing matrix, leading to specific correlations between the mixing angles and the Dirac CP phase. The presence of residual (anti)symmetries enables the application of standard flavor symmetry techniques to derive these predictions, and we scan all possible ${\Gamma }_N$ satisfying condition (a). Most solutions yield $\mathcal{O}(1)$ entries in the fixed column, favouring relatively large lepton mixing.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
14. 14*

    Hidden charm-bottom structures $bc\overline{b}\overline{c}$: Axial-vector case

    S. S. Agaev🇦🇿 · K. Azizi🇮🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

    Mass and width of a hidden charm-bottom axial-vector structure $T$ containing $bc\overline{b}\overline{c}$ quarks are calculated in QCD sum rule framework. It is treated as a diquark-antidiquark state built of scalar diquark and axial-vector antidiquark components. The mass of $T$ is computed using the two-point sum rule method. The width of this particle is evaluated by considering eight decay modes: The decays to ${\eta }_{b}J/\psi$, ${\eta }_c{\rm Y}(1S)$, $B_c^{-}{B}_c^{\ast +}$, and $B_c^{+}{B}_c^{\ast -}$ are dissociation processes, in which all initial quarks are distributed between the final-state particles. The decays to $DD$ and $BB$ mesons with appropriate charges and spin-parities are channels generated due to the annihilations of $b\overline{b}$ and $c\overline{c}$ quarks from $T$. Partial widths for all of these processes are obtained by employing the three-point sum rule approach necessary to find the strong couplings at relevant tetraquark-meson-meson vertices. Our results for the mass $m=(12715\pm 90)\mathrm{MeV}$ and width $\Gamma [T]=(140\pm 13)\mathrm{MeV}$ of the tetraquark $T$, as well as its numerous decay channels explored in this article are useful for ongoing and future experimental investigations of fully heavy resonances.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2025)·8 citations
15. 15*

    Back-to-back dijet production in DIS at next-to-eikonal accuracy and twist-3 gluon TMDs

    Tolga Altinoluk🇵🇱 · Guillaume Beuf🇵🇱 · Alina Czajka🇵🇱 · Cyrille Marquet🇫🇷

    We consider dijet production in deep inelastic scattering at small $x$, on a purely gluonic unpolarized target. Starting from earlier results obtained at next-to-eikonal accuracy in the high-energy limit, we perform the expansion in the back-to-back dijet limit, at next-to-leading power accuracy. We rewrite our results in the language of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization, in terms of twist-2 and twist-3 TMD gluon distributions (gluon TMDs). Among the next-to-eikonal corrections, we find in particular twist-2 contributions corresponding to the $x$ dependent phase of the twist-2 gluon TMDs. We also find two types of twist-3 unpolarized gluon TMDs, as well as correlators of three gluon field strength tensors.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·28 citations
16. 16*

    Spectroscopic Analysis of Fully Heavy Pentaquarks

    Rashmi🇮🇳 · Alka Upadhyay🇮🇳

    Motivated by the discovery of the fully charmed tetraquark state $X(6900)$ in the invariant mass spectrum of $J/\psi$ pairs by the LHCb collaboration, this study explores the potential existence of fully heavy pentaquark states. We systematically investigate the low-lying s-wave fully heavy pentaquark states across all possible configurations. The classification of these states is performed using the Young-Yamounachi bases through the Young-tableau technique. We analyze the mass spectrum and magnetic moments of pentaquarks with quantum numbers $J^P$= ${\frac{1}{2}}^{\pm }$,${\frac{3}{2}}^{\pm }$ and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{\pm }$ utilizing effective mass and screened charge schemes. Our findings are compared with various theoretical models, providing valuable insights for future experimental studies.

    hep-ph11 citations
17. 17*

    Current Status of Inert Higgs Dark Matter with Dark Fermions

    Yi-Zhong Fan🇨🇳 · Yao-Yu Li🇨🇳 · Chih-Ting Lu🇨🇳 · Xiao-Yi Luo🇨🇳 · Tian-Peng Tang🇨🇳 · Van Que Tran🇨🇳 · Yue-Lin Sming Tsai🇨🇳

    The precision measurements of the muon magnetic moment and the $W$ boson mass have sparked interest in the potential deviations from standard model (SM) predictions. While it may be premature to attribute any excesses in these precision measurements to new physics, they do offer a valuable indication of potential directions for physics beyond the SM. Additionally, the particle nature of dark matter (DM) remains a crucial enigma. Despite the absence of any definitive DM signal in direct detection and collider experiments, the Galactic Center GeV $\gamma$-ray excess and the AMS-02 antiproton ($\overline{p}$) excess could potentially offer hints related to the evidence of DM. Motivated by these observations, we propose a simple DM model that addresses all these issues. This model extends the SM by incorporating singlet and doublet Dirac fermion fields, along with a doublet complex scalar field. For the viable parameter regions in this model, we find that future upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider and DM direct detection experiments can only partially probe them, while future high-energy muon colliders hold promise for exploring the unexplored parameter space.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    High-energy nuclear scattering of neutrinos

    Anh Dung Le🇫🇮 · Heikki Mäntyssari🇫🇮

    We study the energy dependence of the total and diffractive neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus cross sections at very high energies. The calculation employs the QCD dipole model and the small-$x$ nonlinear Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution. We show the sensitivity of the nuclear effect quantification on the nuclear setup, and predict up to $\sim 10\%$ nuclear suppression in the inclusive neutrino-oxygen scattering stemming from the nonlinear evolution. Diffractive contribution to the total scattering is small, which is only few percentage. The $|q\bar{q}g⟩$ componnent of the $W^{\pm }$ boson is found to contribute significantly to the diffractive process, which reaches up to $\sim 40\%$ of the diffractive cross section.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
19. 19*

    Quantum Closures for Neutrino Moment Transport

    James P. Kneller🇺🇸 · Julien Froustey🇺🇸 · Evan B. Grohs🇺🇸 · Francois Foucart🇺🇸 · Gail C. McLaughlin🇺🇸 · Sherwood Richers🇺🇸

    A computationally efficient method for calculating the transport of neutrino flavor in simulations is to use angular moments of the neutrino one-body reduced density matrix, i.e., `quantum moments'. As with any moment-based radiation transport method, a closure is needed if the infinite tower of moment evolution equations is truncated. We derive a general parameterization of a quantum closure and the limits the parameters must satisfy in order for the closure to be physical. We then derive from multi-angle calculations the evolution of the closure parameters in two test cases which we then progressively insert into a moment evolution code and show how the parameters affect the moment results until the full multi-angle results are reproduced. This parameterization paves the way to setting prescriptions for genuine quantum closures adapted to neutrino transport in a range of situations.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2025)·13 citations
20. 20*

    First-order spin magnetohydrodynamics

    Zhe Fang🇨🇳 · Koichi Hattori🇨🇳 · Jin Hu🇨🇳

    Based on recent papers, we discuss the formulation of the first-order relativistic spin magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with the totally antisymmetric spin current and properties of the anisotropic linear waves awaken near an equilibrium configuration. We show that there appears a critical angle in the momentum direction of the linear waves, where a pair of propagating modes turns into purely diffusive modes. Due to this critical behavior, polynomial solutions do not fully capture the angle dependence of the linear waves.

    hep-phphysics.plasm-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2024)·9 citations
21. 21*

    New calculation of collision integrals for cosmological phase transitions

    Carlo Branchina🇮🇹 · Angela Conaci🇮🇹 · Stefania De Curtis🇮🇹 · Luigi Delle Rose🇮🇹 · Andrea Guiggiani🇮🇹 · Angel Gil Muyor🇪🇸 · Giuliano Panico🇮🇹

    First order phase transitions in the early universe may have left a variety of experimentally accessible imprints. The dynamics of such transitions is governed by the density perturbations caused by the propagation of the bubble wall in the false vacuum plasma, conveniently described by a Boltzmann equation. The determination of the bubble wall expansion velocity is crucial to determine the experimental signatures of the transition. We report on the first full (numerical) solution to the Boltzmann equation. Differently from traditional ones, our approach does not rely on any ansatz. The results significantly differ from the ones obtained within the fluid approximation and large differences for the friction acting on the bubble wall are found. The wall velocity is calculated in a singlet extension of the Standard Model, including out-of-equilibrium contributions from both the top quark and the electroweak gauge bosons.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·8 citations
22. 22*

    Nanohertz gravitational waves and primordial quark nuggets from dense QCD matter in the early universe

    Jingdong Shao🇨🇳 · Hong Mao🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳

    The first-order QCD phase transition at high temperature features a large transition rate in the magnitude of $\beta /H\sim 10^4$ with induced stochastic gravitational waves typically lying in the LISA range. High baryon density in the early universe can be generated through Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. The baryon chemical potential enhances the potential barrier and significantly reduces the transition rate, which decreases from infinity at the critical end point (CEP) to zero at the critical nucleation point (CNP). Nanohertz gravitational waves can be produced in a narrow window of high baryon chemical potential with transition rate in the order of $\beta /H\sim 10^1$. When the phase transition rate reaches zero, the false vacuum of high baryon density quark matter is unlikely to decay and can persist over cosmological time scales. Therefore the primordial quark nuggets (PQN) can form and survive in the early universe as the seeds of compact stars, thereby dramatically accelerating the evolution of compact stars and the formation of galaxies, which may explain the high red-shift massive galaxies observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·5 citations
23. 23*

    Unlocking the Inelastic Dark Matter Window with Vector Mediators

    Ana Luisa Foguel🇧🇷 · Peter Reimitz🇧🇷 · Renata Zukanovich Funchal🇧🇷

    Despite the robust cosmological and astrophysical evidence confirming the existence of a non-baryonic matter component in the Universe, the underlying nature of Dark Matter (DM) remains a mystery. Among the several possible scenarios, light DM candidates thermally produced in the early Universe are especially interesting, since their abundance could be set via the standard freeze-out mechanism. Additionally, new light states can present a rich phenomenology and are attracting increasing attention due to recent experimental capabilities to probe dark sectors with feeble interactions. In particular, inelastic DM (iDM) candidates are an appealing option, since they can avoid cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation bounds as well as indirect and direct detection searches. Although such models have been intensively studied in the literature, the usual scenario is to consider a secluded dark photon mediator. In this work, we consider the case of iDM with general vector mediators and explore the consequences of such a choice in the relic density computation, as well as for the cosmological and experimental bounds. We examine models with couplings to baryon and lepton number and show new viable parameter regions for inelastic dark matter models. Especially, anomaly-free gauge groups with non-universal couplings to leptons open new windows of the parameter space for thermal dark matter yet unexplored by experiments. We also provide a numerical Python library to compute the relic densities for user-defined gauge charges.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·22 citations
24. 24*

    Doubling down on down-type diquarks

    Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Christiane Mayer🇬🇧 · Wrishik Naskar🇬🇧 · Sophie Renner🇬🇧

    Effective field theory-based searches for new physics at colliders are relatively insensitive to interactions involving only right-handed down-type quarks. These interactions can hide amongst jet backgrounds at the LHC, and their indirect effects in electroweak and Higgs processes are small. Identifying scenarios in which these interactions dominate, we can naturally pick out just two tree-level mediators, both scalar diquarks. Over the full parameter space of these states, we analyse exotics searches at current and future hadron colliders, Higgs signal strength constraints, and indirect constraints from flavour physics, finding genuine complementarity between the data sets. In particular, while flavour constraints can exclude diquarks in the hundreds of TeV mass range, these can be evaded once a flavour structure is imposed on the couplings, as we illustrate by embedding the diquarks within a composite Higgs model. In combination, however, we show that flavour and collider constraints exclude down-type diquarks to multi-TeV scales, thus narrowing the remaining hiding places for new interactions amongst LHC data.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·8 citations
25. 25*

    Displaced vertex signals of low temperature baryogenesis

    Pedro Bittar🇧🇷 · Gustavo Burdman🇧🇷

    We explore the connection of baryogenesis at temperatures below the electroweak scale and signals for long-lived particles at the LHC. The model features new SM singlets, with a long-lived fermion decaying to quarks to generate the baryon asymmetry. The model avoids strong flavor physics bounds while predicting a rich diquark phenomenology, monojet signals, and displaced vertices. We show how the displaced vertex signals can be probed at the HL-LHC. The large transverse production makes a strong physics case for constructing far detector experiments such as MATHUSLA, ANUBIS, and CODEX-b, complementary to the central and forward long-lived particle program.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Conformal Leptogenesis in Composite Higgs Models

    Kaustubh Agashe🇺🇸 · Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Majid Ekhterachian🇨🇭 · Chee Sheng Fong🇧🇷 · Sungwoo Hong🇰🇷 · Luca Vecchi🇮🇹

    We study the generation of the baryon asymmetry in Composite Higgs models with partial compositeness of the Standard Model (SM) fermions and heavy right-handed neutrinos, developing for the first time a complete picture of leptogenesis in that setup. The asymmetry is induced by the out of equilibrium decays of the heavy right-handed neutrinos into a plasma of the nearly conformal field theory (CFT), i.e. the deconfined phase of the Composite Higgs dynamics. This exotic mechanism, which we call Conformal Leptogenesis, admits a reliable description in terms of a set of ``Boltzmann equations'' whose coefficients can be expressed in terms of correlation functions of the CFT. The asymmetry thus generated is subsequently affected by the supercooling resulting from the confining phase transition of the strong Higgs sector as well as by the washout induced by the resonances formed after the transition. Nevertheless, a qualitative description of the latter effects suggests that conformal leptogenesis can successfully reproduce the observed baryon asymmetry in a wide region of parameter space. A distinctive signature of our scenarios is a sizable compositeness for all the generations of SM neutrinos, which is currently consistent with all constraints but may be within reach of future colliders.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Unravelling New Physics Signals at the HL-LHC with Low-Energy Constraints

    Elie Hammou🇬🇧 · Maria Ubiali🇬🇧

    Recent studies suggest that global fits of Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) might inadvertently 'fit away' signs of new physics in the high-energy tails of the distributions measured at the high luminosity programme of the LHC (HL-LHC). This could lead to spurious effects that might conceal key BSM signatures and hinder the success of indirect searches for new physics. In this letter, we demonstrate that future deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), and at CERN via FASER$\nu$ and SND@LHC at LHC Run III, and the future neutrino experiments to be hosted at the proposed Forward Physics Facility (FPF) at the HL-LHC, provide complementary constraints on large-$x$ sea quarks. These constraints are crucial to mitigate the risk of missing key BSM signals, by enabling precise constraints on large-$x$ PDFs through a 'BSM-safe' integration of both high- and low-energy data, which is essential for a robust interpretation of the high-energy measurements.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·25 citations
28. 28*

    Spontaneous breaking of baryon number, baryogenesis and the bajoron

    Pedro Bittar🇧🇷 · Gustavo Burdman🇧🇷 · Gabriel M. Salla🇧🇷

    We explore the spontaneous breaking of global baryon number for baryogenesis. We introduce a model with three majorana fermions and a complex scalar carrying baryon number charge. After symmetry breaking, the baryon asymmetry is generated below the electroweak scale via the decays of one of the majorana fermions. The main focus of the paper is the phenomenology of the Nambu--Goldstone boson of $U(1{)}_B$, which we call the bajoron. With small sources of explicit baryon number violation, the bajoron acquires a small mass and is generally very long-lived. The model avoids proton decay, satisfies cosmological constraints, and offers interesting collider phenomenology for the Large Hadron Collider. These long-lived particles tied to baryogenesis strongly support the development of far-detector experiments such as MATHUSLA, FASER, SHiP, and others.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
29. 29*

    Probing fermionic asymmetric dark matter cores using global neutron star properties

    Nathan Rutherford🇺🇸 · Chanda Prescod-Weinstein🇺🇸 · Anna Watts🇳🇱

    It is possible for asymmetric dark matter (ADM) to accumulate in neutron star interiors and affect their global properties. Considering the effects of this accumulation, neutron star mass-radius measurements can deliver new insights into the cold dense matter equation of state (EoS). In this paper, we employ Bayesian parameter estimation using real and synthetic neutron star mass-radius data to infer constraints on the combined baryonic matter and fermionic ADM EoS, where the fermionic ADM forms a core in the neutron star interior. Using currently available mass-radius data, we find that the lower bound of the ratio between ADM effective self-repulsion strength ($g_{\chi }/m_{\varphi }$) and particle mass ($m_{\chi }$) can be constrained at the 68\% (95\%) credible level to $10^{-6.59}$ ($10^{-7.77}$). We also find that, if neutron star mass-radius measurement uncertainties are reduced to the 2\% level, the constraints on the lower bound of the ratio of $g_{\chi }/m_{\varphi }$ to $m_{\chi }$ can be improved to $10^{-6.49}$ and $10^{-7.68}$ at the 68\% and 95\% credible levels, respectively. However, all other combinations, of $m_{\chi }$, $g_{\chi }$, and the ADM mass-fraction, $F_{\chi }$, (i.e., the ratio of the gravitational ADM mass to the gravitational mass of the neutron star) are unconstrained. Furthermore, in the pressure-energy density and mass-radius planes, the inferences which include the possibility of fermionic ADM cores are nearly identical with the inferences that neglect fermionic ADM for $F_{\chi }\le 1.7\%$ and neutron star mass-radius uncertainties $\ge 2\%$. Therefore, we find that neutron star mass-radius measurements can constrain the ratio of $g_{\chi }/m_{\varphi }$ to $m_{\chi }$ and that neutron stars with ADM are indistinguishable from purely baryonic stars. This implies that neutron stars with ADM are equally as consistent with the available mass-radius data as neutron stars without ADM.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·29 citations
30. 30*

    Unlocking higher-order moments of parton distribution functions from lattice QCD

    Andrea Shindler🇩🇪

    We present a new method to calculate moments of parton distribution functions of any order with lattice QCD computations. This method leverages the gradient flow for fermion and gauge fields. The flowed matrix elements of twist-2 operators renormalize multiplicatively, and the matching with physical matrix elements is achieved through the use of continuum symmetries. We derive the matching coefficients at one-loop in perturbation theory for moments of any order in the flavor non-singlet case and provide specific examples of operators suitable for lattice QCD computations. The multiplicative renormalization and matching are independent of the choice of Lorentz indices, allowing the use of temporal indices for twist-2 operators of any dimension. This approach should then also significantly enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in the computation of moments.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Gravitational Waves and Black Hole perturbations in Acoustic Analogues

    Chiara Coviello · Maria Luisa Chiofalo🇮🇹 · Dario Grasso🇮🇹 · Stefano Liberati🇮🇹 · Massimo Mannarelli🇮🇹 · Silvia Trabucco🇮🇹

    Phonons in Bose-Einstein condensates propagate as massless scalar particles on top of an emergent acoustic metric. This hydrodynamics/gravity analogy can be exploited to realize acoustic black holes, featuring an event horizon that traps phonons. We show that by an appropriate external potential, gravitational wave-like perturbations of the acoustic metric can be produced. Such perturbations can be used to excite an acoustic black hole, which should then relax by phonon emission.

    ↳ gr-qccond-mat.quant-gashep-phAVS Quantum Sci.(2025)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Learning to Reconstruct Quirky Tracks

    Qiyu Sha🇨🇳 · Daniel Murnane🇩🇰 · Max Fieg🇺🇸 · Shelley Tong🇺🇸 · Mark Zakharyan🇺🇸 · Yaquan Fang🇨🇳 · Daniel Whiteson🇺🇸

    Analysis of data from particle physics experiments traditionally sacrifices some sensitivity to new particles for the sake of practical computability, effectively ignoring some potentially striking signatures. However, recent advances in ML-based tracking allow for new inroads into previously inaccessible territory, such as reconstruction of tracks which do not follow helical trajectories. This paper presents a demonstration of the capacity of ML-based tracking to reconstruct the oscillating trajectories of quirks. The technique used is not specific to quirks, and opens the door to a program of searching for many kinds of non-standard tracks.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2026)·8 citations
33. 33*

    Magnetic Field Effects on Hadron Yields and Fluctuations

    Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸

    We explore the impact of an external magnetic field on hadron yields and fluctuations in a thermalized system within the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model using an expanded Thermal-FIST package. The magnetic field sizably enhances the final proton-to-pion (p/$\pi$) ratio due to $\Delta (1232{)}^{++}$ decay feeddown indicating that this ratio may serve as a potential magnetometer for freeze-out conditions. At the same time, magnetic field does not generate additional dynamical fluctuations of hadron numbers. This suggests that fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions provide limited additional information about the magnetic field beyond what is already inferred from mean multiplicities.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·0 citations
34. 34*

    Fisher Forecast of Finite-Size Effects with Future Gravitational Wave Detectors

    Joshua Shterenberg🇺🇸 · Zihan Zhou🇺🇸

    We use Fisher information theory to forecast the bounds on the finite-size effects of astrophysical compact objects with next-generation gravitational wave detectors, including the ground-based Cosmic Explorer (CE) and Einstein Telescope (ET), as well as the space-based Laser Interferomet Space Antenna (LISA). Exploiting the worldline effective field theory (EFT) formalism, we first characterize three types of quadrupole finite-size effects: the spin-induced quadrupole moments, the conservative tidal deformations, and the tidal heating. We then derive the corresponding contributions to the gravitational waveform phases for binary compact objects in aligned-spin quasi-circular orbits. We separately estimate the constraints on these finite-size effects for black holes using the power spectral densities (PSDs) of the CE+ET detector network and LISA observations. For the CE+ET network, we find that the bounds on the mass-weighted spin-independent dissipation number $H_0$ are of the order $O(1)$, while the bounds on the mass-weighted tidal Love number $\tilde{\Lambda }$ are of the order $O(10)$. For high-spin binary black holes with dimensionless spin $\chi \simeq 0.8$, the bounds on the symmetric spin-induced quadrupole moment ${\kappa }_s$ are of the order $O(10^{-1})$. LISA observations of supermassive black hole mergers offer slightly tighter constraints on all three finite-size parameters. Additionally, we perform a Fisher analysis for a binary neutron star merger within the CE+ET network. The bounds on the tidal parameter $H_0$ and on $\tilde{\Lambda }$ are around two orders of magnitude better than the current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) bounds.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·12 citations
35. 35*

    Instability of nonsingular black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics

    Antonio De Felice🇯🇵 · Shinji Tsujikawa🇯🇵

    We show that nonsingular black holes realized in nonlinear electrodynamics are always prone to Laplacian instability around the center because of a negative squared sound speed in the angular direction. This is the case for both electric and magnetic BHs, where the instability of one of the vector-field perturbations leads to enhancing a dynamical gravitational perturbation in the even-parity sector. Thus, the background regular metric is no longer maintained in a steady state. Our results suggest that the construction of stable, nonsingular black holes with regular centers, if they exist, requires theories beyond nonlinear electrodynamics.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRL(2025)·39 citations
36. 36*

    Cross Correlating the Unresolved Gamma-Ray Background with Cosmic Large-Scale Structure from DESI: Implications for Astrophysics and Dark Matter

    Bei Zhou🇺🇸 · José Luis Bernal🇪🇸 · Elena Pinetti🇺🇸 · Hector Afonso G. Cruz🇺🇸 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸

    The unresolved gamma-ray background (UGRB) is a diffuse gamma-ray emission arising from numerous extragalactic sources below the detection threshold and is an important component of the gamma-ray sky. Studying the UGRB is crucial for understanding high-energy astrophysical processes in the universe and for probing fundamental physics, such as the nature of dark matter. In this work, we forecast the cross-correlation between the UGRB and galaxy catalogs from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. First, we study the expected astrophysical contributions to the UGRB and their cross-correlation with DESI spectroscopic galaxies. Our calculations show that the cross-correlation signal-to-noise ratio is expected to be significant, with the highest value predicted to be 20.6 for DESI luminous red galaxies due to a higher predicted overlap in the redshift distribution with the UGRB. We consider two science cases that the UGRB-spectroscopic galaxies cross-correlation can be applied to: 1) measuring the UGRB flux as a function of redshift, achieving a precision of 10\% in some redshift bins, and 2) searching for annihilating dark matter potentially up to a mass of about 300~GeV, three times higher than the currently strongest constraints. This work underscores the importance of cross correlating the UGRB with cosmic large-scale structure tracers and highlights the multiwavelength approaches to advancing our understanding of high-energy astrophysical phenomena and fundamental physics.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph3 citations
37. 37*

    Vector interaction bounds in NJL-like models from LQCD estimated curvature of the chiral crossover line

    Mahammad Sabir Ali🇮🇳 · Deeptak Biswas🇮🇳 · Chowdhury Aminul Islam🇩🇪

    We obtain improved bounds on both the flavor-independent and -dependent vector interactions in a $2+1$-flavor Nambu\textendash Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model using the latest precise LQCD results of the curvature coefficients of the chiral crossover line. We find that these lattice estimated curvature coefficients allow for both attractive and repulsive types of interactions in both the cases. With this constrained ranges of vector interactions, we further predict the behavior of the second $({\kappa }_2^B)$ and fourth $({\kappa }_4^B)$ order curvature coefficients as a function of the strangeness chemical potential $({\mu }_S)$. We observe that the flavor mixing effects, arising from the flavor-independent vector interaction as well as from the 't Hooft interaction, play an important role in $k_2^B$. We propose that the mixing effects due to the vector interaction can be separated from those arising from the 't Hooft interaction by analyzing the behavior of $k_2^B$ as a function of ${\mu }_S$. Finally, we locate the critical endpoint in the $T-{\mu }_B$ plane using the model-estimated ranges of vector interactions and find the model's predictions to be consistent with the latest LQCD bounds.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-lathep-phEPJA(2025)·6 citations
38. 38*

    Production and study of antideuterium with the GBAR beamline

    Philipp Blumer🇨🇭 · Ben Ohayon🇮🇱 · Paolo Crivelli🇨🇭

    The potential of circulating antideuterons ($\overline{\mathrm{d}}$) in the AD/ELENA facility at CERN is under active investigation. Approximately 100 $\overline{\mathrm{d}}$ per bunch could be delivered as a $100\mathrm{keV}$ beam based on measured cross-sections. These $\overline{\mathrm{d}}$ could be further decelerated to $12\mathrm{keV}$ using the GBAR scheme, enabling the synthesis of antideuterium ($\overline{\mathrm{D}}$) via charge exchange with positronium, a technique successfully demonstrated with $6\mathrm{keV}$ antiprotons for antihydrogen production. The AD/ELENA facility is currently studying the possibility of increasing the $\overline{\mathrm{d}}$ rate using an optimized new target geometry. Assuming this is feasible, we propose further enhancing the anti-atom production by using laser-excited positronium in the $2P$ state within a cavity, which is expected to increase the $\overline{\mathrm{D}}(2S)$ production cross-section by almost an order of magnitude for $\overline{\mathrm{d}}$ with $2\mathrm{keV}$ energy. We present the projected precision for measuring the antideuterium Lamb shift and extracting the antideuteron charge radius, as a function of the beam flux.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-exhep-phnucl-exEur.Phys.J.D(2025)·4 citations
39. 39*

    Tidal Love numbers of gravitational atoms

    Ricardo Arana🇵🇹 · Richard Brito🇵🇹 · Gonçalo Castro🇵🇹

    Ultralight bosonic fields can form condensates, or clouds, around spinning black holes. When this system is under the influence of a secondary massive body, its tidal response can be quantified in the tidal Love numbers (TLNs). Although TLNs vanish for black holes in vacuum, it has been shown that the same is not true for black holes immersed in matter environments. In this work, we compute the gravitational TLNs of black holes surrounded by scalar clouds, in the Newtonian limit. We show that they are non-vanishing, have a strong power-law dependence on the boson's mass, and are proportional to the scalar cloud's total mass. In particular, we find that, independently of the cloud's configuration, the TLNs from axisymmetric tides scale as $\propto r_c^{2l+1}$, for $r_c$ the cloud's "radius" and $l$ the multipole order of the external tidal field. This differs by a factor $r_c$ from previous estimates based on scalar and vector tidal perturbations but is in perfect agreement with the behavior of TLNs in other matter systems. Furthermore, we show that the adiabatic tides approximation we employ is, in general, not appropriate for non-axisymmetric tidal interactions.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·14 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.