Tue·Oct 1, 2024Tuesday·October 1, 2024

1. 01*

   Feynman integral reduction: balanced reconstruction of sparse rational functions and implementation on supercomputers in a co-design approach

   Alexander Smirnov🇷🇺 · Mao Zeng🇬🇧

   Integration-by-parts (IBP) reduction is one of the essential steps in evaluating Feynman integrals. A modern approach to IBP reduction uses modular arithmetic evaluations with parameters set to numerical values at sample points, followed by reconstruction of the analytic rational coefficients. Due to the large number of sample points needed, problems at the frontier of science require an application of supercomputers. In this article, we present a rational function reconstruction method that fully takes advantage of sparsity, combining the balanced reconstruction method and the Zippel method. Additionally, to improve the efficiency of the finite-field IBP reduction runs, at each run several numerical probes are computed simultaneously, which allows to decrease the resource overhead. We describe what performance issues one encounters on the way to an efficient implementation on supercomputers, and how one should co-design the algorithm and the supercomputer infrastructure. Benchmarks are presented for IBP reductions for massless two-loop four- and five-point integrals using a development version of FIRE, as well as synthetic examples mimicking the coefficients involved in scattering amplitudes for post-Minkowskian gravitational binary dynamics.

   hep-phhep-thNumerical Methods and Programming. 2024. …·11 citations
2. 02*

   Some physics of small collision systems

   Thomas A. Trainor🇺🇸

   In recent years certain experimental results from small collision systems (e.g. p-p, d-Au, p-Pb) at the RHIC and LHC have been reinterpreted as evidence for formation therein of a dense flowing medium (QGP) despite small collision volumes. Systems that had been assigned as simple references (e.g. cold nuclear matter) for larger A-A collisions would then no longer play that role. This presentation examines conventional interpretations of certain data features in the context of a two-component (soft+hard) collision model. Specific topics include centrality determination for p-Pb collisions, interpretation (or not) of nuclear modification factors, significance of claims for strangeness enhancement, and interpretation of the "ridge" in p-p collisions. For p-p and p-Pb data analysis results indicate that p-Pb collisions are simple linear superpositions of p-N collisions, and N-N collisions within small systems generally follow simple and consistent rules. However, there is more to be learned about "basic" QCD in small systems with improved analysis methods.

   hep-phUkr.J.Phys.(2024)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Quarkonium production in pp and heavy-ion collisions

   Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Joerg Aichelin🇫🇷 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪 · Pol B. Gossiaux🇫🇷 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪

   We describe bottomonium production not only in pp collisions but also in heavy-ion collisions by using the Remler's formalism where quarkonium density operator is applied to all possible combination of heavy quark and heavy antiquark pairs. In pp collisions heavy (anti)quark momentum is provided by the PYTHIA event generator after rescaling $p_T$ and rapidity to imitate the FONLL calculations. Then spatial separation between heavy quark and heavy antiquark is introduced based on the uncertainty principle. In heavy-ion collisions quarkonium wavefunction changes with temperature assuming heavy quark potential equals the free energy of heavy quark and heavy antiquark system in heat bath. The density operator is updated whenever heavy quark or heavy antiquark scatters in QGP produced in heavy-ion collisions. Our results are consistent with the experimental data from ALICE and CMS Collaborations assuming that the interaction rate of heavy (anti)quark in quarkonium is suppressed to 10 \% that of unbound heavy (anti)quark. We also find that off-diagonal recombination of bottomonium barely happens even in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5.02$ TeV.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Is nature natural?

   Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹

   I summarize the apparent relevance of anthropic selection in understanding unnatural features of the Standard Model, and the consequent implications for theory. This topic, pioneered by Weinberg, could make him the last giant of physics.

   hep-phNPB(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Analysis of the $X(4475/4710)$, $X(4500/4700)$, $Z_c(4600)$, $Z_{\bar{c}\bar{s}}(4600)$ and related tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules

   Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳

   In this work, we introduce an explicit P-wave to construct the diquarks $[qc{]}_{\hat{V}}$, then construct the local four-quark currents to explore the hidden-charm tetraquark states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ and $2^{++}$ in the framework of the QCD sum rules at length. Our calculations indicate that the light-flavor $SU(3)$ breaking effects on the tetraquark masses are tiny. The predictions support assigning the $X(4475)$ and $X(4500)$ as the $[uc{]}_{\hat{V}}[\overline{uc}{]}_{\hat{V}}-[dc{]}_{\hat{V}}[\overline{dc}{]}_{\hat{V}}$ and $[sc{]}_{\hat{V}}[\overline{sc}{]}_{\hat{V}}$ tetraquark states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ respectively, and assigning the $Z_c(4600)$ and $Z_{\bar{c}\bar{s}}(4600)$ as the $[uc{]}_{\hat{V}}[\overline{dc}{]}_{\hat{V}}$ and $[qc{]}_{\hat{V}}[\overline{sc}{]}_{\hat{V}}$ tetraquark states with the $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$ respectively. On the other hand, there is no room for the $X(4710)$ and $X(4700)$. Combined with previous works, the $X(4475)$, $X(4500)$, $Z_c(4600)$ and $Z_{\bar{c}\bar{s}}(4600)$ might have other important Fock components besides the $\hat{V}\hat{V}$ type components.

   hep-phAAPPS Bull.(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma

   Ilia Grishmanovskii🇩🇪 · Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Olga Soloveva🇩🇪 · Carsten Greiner🇩🇪 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪

   We investigate the transport properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) by comparing the role of elastic and inelastic (radiative) processes in the sQGP medium within the effective dynamical quasi-particle model (DQPM), constructed for the description of non-perturbative quantum chromodynamic (QCD) phenomena of the sQGP in line with the lattice QCD (lQCD) equation of state. First, we present the results for the energy and temperature dependencies of the total radiative cross sections and compare them to the corresponding elastic cross sections. Second, we perform a calculation of the interaction rate and relaxation time of radiative versus elastic scatterings. Finally, we obtain the jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ and investigate its dependence on the choice of the strong coupling in thermal, jet parton and radiative vertices.

   hep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   On the origin of the peak of the sound velocity for isospin imbalanced strongly interacting matter

   Alejandro Ayala🇲🇽 · Bruno S. Lopes🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · Luis C. Parra🇲🇽

   We study the properties of a system composed of strongly interacting matter with an isospin imbalance, using as an effective description of QCD the two-flavor Linear Sigma Model with quarks. From the one-loop effective potential, including the two light quarks, pions and sigma contributions, and enforcing the restrictions imposed by chiral symmetry, we show that the development of an isospin condensate comes together with the emergence of a Goldstone mode that provides a constraint for the chiral and isospin condensates as a result of a non-trivial mixing between the charged pions and the sigma. We compute the thermodynamical quantities of interest and in particular the sound velocity squared, showing that it presents a maximum for an isospin chemical potential similar to the one reported by lattice QCD results and also with a similar height. Therefore, we attribute the origin of the peak of the sound velocity to the proper treatment of the Goldstone mode and to the non-trivial mixing of the charged pions and sigma in the isospin condensed phase.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2025)·17 citations
8. 08*

   Hypercontractivity and factorial moment scaling in the symmetry broken phase

   Athanasios Brofas🇬🇷 · Manolis Zampetakis🇺🇸 · Fotios Diakonos🇬🇷

   The search for remnants of the QCD chiral critical point is a central objective of current and future high-energy ion collision experiments. Previous studies suggest that a scaling law relating higher-order factorial moments of hadron multiplicity fluctuations to the second factorial moment could serve as a tool for detecting the QCD critical point. However, we demonstrate that this scaling law is not unique to critical phenomena. Instead, it emerges as a general property of distributions by extending the concept of hypercontractivity, originally applied to ordinary moments, to factorial moments. We present examples of distribution classes that exhibit the same higher-order factorial moment scaling as multiplicity fluctuations in the symmetry-broken phase. This insight allows us to explain the recent intermittency analysis results from the STAR experiment at RHIC (arXiv:2301.11062), where no indication of criticality was observed.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PLB(2025)·3 citations
9. 09*

   A Deep Learning Based Estimator for Light Flavour Elliptic Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions at LHC Energies

   Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi🇭🇺 · Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳 · Aditya Nath Mishra🇮🇳

   We developed a deep learning feed-forward network for estimating elliptic flow ($v_2$) coefficients in heavy-ion collisions from RHIC to LHC energies. The success of our model is mainly the estimation of $v_2$ from final state particle kinematic information and learning the centrality and the transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) dependence of $v_2$ in wide $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ regime. The deep learning model is trained with AMPT-generated Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV minimum bias events. We present $v_2$ estimates for ${\pi }^{\pm }$, ${\mathrm{K}}^{\pm }$, and $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$ in heavy-ion collisions at various LHC energies. These results are compared with the available experimental data wherever possible.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Higher-order corrections to top-quark pair production in the SMEFT

    Alberto Tonero🇺🇸 · Nikolaos Kidonakis🇺🇸

    We present theoretical results at approximate NNLO in QCD for top-quark pair-production total cross sections and top-quark differential distributions at the LHC in the SMEFT. In this work we consider effects of new physics parametrized by the chromomagnetic dipole operator. These approximate results are obtained by adding higher-order soft gluon corrections to the complete NLO calculations. The higher-order corrections are large, and they reduce the scale uncertainties. These improved theoretical predictions can be used to set stronger bounds on top-quark QCD anomalous couplings.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    $\rho$ meson form factors and parton distribution functions in impact parameter space

    Jin-Li Zhang🇨🇳

    In this paper, we investigate the form factors and impact parameter space parton distribution functions of the $\rho$ meson derived from the generalized parton distributions within the framework of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model,employing a proper time regularization scheme. We compare the charge $G_C$, magnetic $G_M$, and quadrupole $G_Q$ form factors with lattice data. The dressed form factors, $G_C^D$ and $G_M^D$, exhibit good agreement with lattice results; however, $G_Q^D$ is found to be harder than what is observed in lattice calculations. The Rosenbluth cross section for elastic electron scattering on a spin-one particle can be expressed through the structure functions $A(Q^2)$ and $B(Q^2)$. Additionally, the tensor polarization $T_{20}(Q^2,\theta )$ can also be formulated in terms of these form factors. We analyze the structure functions $A(Q^2)$, $B(Q^2)$ and tensor polarization function $T_{20}(Q^2,\theta )$; our findings quantitatively align with predicted values across various limits. In impact parameter space, we examine parton distribution functions along with their dependence on longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ and impact parameter ${\mathbf{b}}_{\perp }$. The width distributions in impact parameter space reveal that the range of the charge distribution \( q_C(x,\bm{b}_{\perp}^2) \) is the most extensive. In contrast, the transverse magnetic radius falls within a moderate range, while the quadrupole distribution \( q_Q(x,\bm{b}_{\perp}^2) \) demonstrates the narrowest extent.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·12 citations
12. 12*

    Renormalisation group effects in SMEFT for di-Higgs production

    Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪

    We study the effects of renormalisation group running for the Wilson coefficients of dimension-6 operators contributing to Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). The running of these Wilson coefficients has been implemented in the NLO QCD code ggHH_SMEFT, which is publicly available within the Powheg-Box-V2 framework.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2025)·18 citations
13. 13*

    The Gravitational Form Factor of the Pion and Proton and the Conformal Anomaly

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

    We analyze the hard scattering amplitude of gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons within QCD factorization at large momentum transfers, focusing on their conformal field theory (CFT) description. These form factors are key to studying quark and gluon angular momentum in hadrons, connected to Mellin moments of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS). The analysis uses diffeomorphism invariance and conformal symmetry in momentum space. A non-Abelian $TJJ$ 3-point function at $O({\alpha }_s^2)$ reveals a dilaton interaction in the $t$-channel. We present a parameterization relevant for future DVCS/GFF experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·5 citations
14. 14*

    $4b+X$ via electroweak multi-Higgs production as smoking gun signals for Type-I 2HDM at the LHC

    Prasenjit Sanyal🇰🇷 · Tanmoy Mondal🇮🇳 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Shoaib Munir🇺🇸

    Extending the Standard Model (SM) by one additional Higgs doublet leads to the Two-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM). A specific charge assignment of the SM fermions under the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry leads to the Type-I 2HDM. A key feature of the Type-I 2HDM is that all the additional Higgs bosons can be fermiophobic, when their couplings to the SM fermions are suppressed. As a result, all the new Higgs states can be fairly light, $\sim$100 GeV or less, without being in conflict with the current data from the direct Higgs boson searches and the $B$-physics measurements. In a recent study Ref.~\cite{Mondal:2023wib}, which this proceeding is based on, we established that the new neutral as well as the charged Higgs bosons in this model can all be simultaneously observable in the multi-$b$ final state. An experimental validation of our results would be a clear indication that the true underlying Higgs sector in nature is the Type-I 2HDM.

    hep-phhep-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Overview on low mass scalars at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ facilities -- theory

    Tania Robens🇭🇷

    I give a short summary of scenarios with new physics scalars that could be investigated at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. I concentrate on cases where at least one of the additional scalar has a mass below 125 GeV, and discuss models where this could be realized. In general, there are quite a few additional new physics scenarios and signatures that are still allowed by current constraints and should be investigated in more detail at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ machines. Most of the material presented here has already been discussed in arXiv:2307.15962, and I therefore try to focus on novel developments since then.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·10 citations
16. 16*

    Prospects for light exotic scalar measurements at the e${}^{+}$e${}^{-}$ Higgs factory

    Bartłomiej Brudnowski🇵🇱 · Kamil Zembaczyński🇵🇱 · Aleksander Filip Żarnecki🇵🇱

    The physics program of the Higgs factory will focus on measurements of the 125 GeV Higgs boson, with the Higgs-strahlung process being the dominant production channel at 250 GeV. However, production of extra light scalars is still not excluded by the existing experimental data, provided their coupling to the gauge bosons is sufficiently suppressed. Fermion couplings of such a scalar could also be very different from the SM predictions leading to non-standard decay paterns. Presented in this contribution are results from the ongoing studies on prospects of direct light scalar observation at future Higgs factory experiments in different decay channels.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·6 citations
17. 17*

    Investigation on the $\Omega (2012)$ from QCD sum rules

    Niu Su🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Atsushi Hosaka🇯🇵

    We investigate the recently observed $\Omega (2012)$ baryon using QCD sum rules. By constructing $P$-wave $\Omega$ baryon currents and performing spin projection and parity projection, we obtain the masses of the $J^P=1/2^{-}$ and $3/2^{-}$ states as $M_{1/2^{-}}=2.07_{-0.07}^{+0.07}\mathrm{GeV}$ and $M_{3/2^{-}}=2.05_{-0.10}^{+0.09}\mathrm{GeV}$ in good agreement with experiment. This suggests that $\Omega (2012)$ is likely to be a negative parity $P$-wave excited state, though its spin remains undetermined and requires further study of its decay properties.

    hep-phNucl.Part.Phys.Proc.(2024)·0 citations
18. 18*

    The gravitational wave and radio signals of ultralight dark matter

    Fa Peng Huang🇨🇳

    We study the new approaches to explore the ultralight (axion) dark matter by gravitational wave experiments and radio telescope based on the superradiance process around Kerr black hole and the resonant conversion process in the magnetosphere of neutron star or the Sun.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Bubble wall velocity from number density current in (non)equilibrium

    Zi-Yan Yuwen🇨🇳 · Jun-Chen Wang🇨🇳 · Shao-Jiang Wang🇨🇳

    Cosmological first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) serve as comprehensive probes into our early Universe with associated generations of stochastic gravitational waves and superhorizon curvature perturbations or even primordial black holes. In characterizing the FOPT, phenomenological parameters like transition temperatures, strength factors, bubble separations, and energy budgets can be easily extracted from the macroscopic equilibrium features of the underlying particle physics models except for the terminal wall velocity of the bubble expansion, making it the last key parameter to be determined most difficultly due to the non-equilibrium nature of the microscopic transition model. In this paper, we propose a new model-independent approach to calculate the bubble wall velocity by virtue of an extra junction condition from the conservation and violation of the total number density current across the shock front (if any) and bubble wall, respectively.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th13 citations
20. 20*

    Single-quantum annihilation of positrons at low energies

    Peter.A. Krachkov🇷🇺 · Simon.V. Sorokin🇷🇺

    We discuss the single-quantum positron annihilation with a bound electron in the near threshold region. The angular distribution and the total cross section are considered. We obtain a simple analytical expression for the Coulomb potential and for the screened potential. It is worth noting that the obtained results for the screened potential are universal and independent of the explicit form of the atomic potential. It is shown that screening significantly increases the cross section. We also obtain the analogous results for bound-free $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ photoproduction.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phPLB(2024)·0 citations
21. 21*

    Large Hadron Collider Signatures of Exotic Vector-Like Quarks within the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-II

    Abdesslam Arhrib (1)🇲🇦 · Rachid Benbrik (2)🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi (2)🇲🇦 · Stefano Moretti (3) (4) ((1) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Tangier, Morocco, (2) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco, (3) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, (4) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden)🇬🇧

    We study the decay of the exotic Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs) $X$ and $Y$, with $5/3$ and $-4/3$ units of electric charge, respectively, within the 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM). Building on our previous studies of Vector-Like Top and Bottom (VLT and VLB) quarks, we now investigate the characteristics of $X$ and $Y$ in the alignment limit of a Type-II Yukawa structure and show that, in the framework of such a 2HDM, one can have large non-Standard Model (SM) decay rates of the $X$ and$Y$ states. Our analysis focuses on their potential detection at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), based on their pair production followed by a variety of both SM and non-SM decay patterns. In order to distinguish between doublet and triplet representations of the VLQs $X$ and $Y$, we uncover specific signatures that can provide insights into this particular architecture of Beyond the SM (BSM) physics.

    hep-phJ.Phys.G(2025)·12 citations
22. 22*

    50 years of Neutrino Physics at Aligarh Muslim University

    S. K. Singh🇮🇳 · M. Sajjad Athar🇮🇳

    An overview of the significant contributions made by the Aligarh group in the field of neutrino physics has been provided. The group's work began with the study of quasielastic neutrino scattering on deuterium, specifically the process ${\nu }_{\mu }+d\to {\mu }^{-}+p+p$, focusing on moderate neutrino energies within the impulse approximation framework in order to analyze the early experiments at ANL and BNL with deuterium filled bubble chambers. These studies were later extended to numerically calculate (anti)neutrino interaction cross sections for the inclusive quasielastic scattering from nuclei using local density approximation~(LDA), incorporating nucleon-nucleon correlations for moderate to heavy nuclear targets. The inelastic scattering cross sections for one pion production and the deep inelastic scattering~(DIS) from nuclei have been obtained using LDA with multi nucleon correlation effects. In the case of single pion production, the final state interaction of the pions with the residual nucleus has also been taken into account. In addition, the group has explored other inelastic processes of kaon and eta meson production, in the (anti)neutrino interactions with the nucleon targets. Furthermore, we have investigated electron and positron scattering off proton targets in the intermediate energy range, focusing on polarization observables and T-noninvariance. Our research has also delved into polarized electron scattering to explore the possibility of observing parity-violating asymmetry (PVA) in elastic and deep inelastic scattering, among other related topics. The group has also contributed to the study of atmospheric neutrino flux in the cosmic ray interactions, relevant for various sites of the neutrino oscillation experiments with atmospheric neutrinos.

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.ST(2025)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Top quark flavor changing neutral currents at Future Linear Colliders

    Adil Jueid🇰🇷 · Shinya Kanemura🇯🇵

    We discuss the production and the decay of top quark through flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) interaction at future linear colliders. We first discuss the theoretical predictions of top quark FCNC decays into $qH$ and $qZ$ within a class of $t$-channel simplified dark matter models. For the existing bounds on the top quark FCNC interactions at the Large Hadron Collider, we estimate the production rates of top quark through FCNC interactions at future linear colliders for energies from $250$ GeV to $3$ TeV.

    hep-phhep-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
24. 24*

    Subleading Higgs effects at lepton colliders

    Axel Maas🇦🇹 · Duifje M. van Egmond🇧🇷 · Simon Plätzer🇦🇹

    Subtle field-theoretical effects suggest the presence of additional Higgs contributions in standard model processes. This has been supported by electroweak lattice calculation, e.\ g.\ for vector boson scattering. These effects can be included in perturbation theory by a suitable augmentation. We use such augmented perturbation theory to determine the impact at next-to-leading order at lepton colliders, from LEP to future machines such as FCC, in collisions with fermion-antifermion final states. After providing the formal background, we outline the calculational procedure, showing that in the fully exclusive process $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to f\bar{f}$ deviations only occur in fixed order at electroweak NNLO, but become relevant at the TeV scale already in resummed tree-level calculations. We discuss further processes where deviations are expected already at fixed-order NLO.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Search for dark photons in heavy-ion collisions

    Adrian William Romero Jorge🇩🇪 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪 · Laura Sagunski🇩🇪

    The vector $U$-bosons, or so called 'dark photons', are one of the possible candidates for the dark matter mediators. We present a procedure to derive theoretical constraints on the upper limit of kinetic mixing parameter ${ϵ}^2(M_U)$ from heavy-ion as well as $p+p$ and $p+A$ dilepton data from SIS to LHC energies. Our study is based on the microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach which reproduces the measured dilepton spectra in $p+p$, $p+A$ and $A+A$ collisions well. In addition to the different dilepton channels originating from interactions and decays of ordinary Standard Model matter particles (mesons and baryons), we incorporate in the PHSD the decay of hypothetical $U$-bosons to dileptons, $U\to e^{+}{e}^{-}$, where the $U$-bosons themselves are produced by the Dalitz decay of pions, $\eta$-mesons, Delta resonances as well as by vector meson and $K^{+}$ decays. This analysis provides the upper limit on the ${ϵ}^2(M_U)$ and can also help to estimate the requested accuracy for future experimental searches of 'light' dark photons by dilepton experiments.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·2 citations
26. 26*

    A QCD interpretation of the scaling observed in the LHC proton-proton elastic cross-sections at moderate transfer momentum

    R. Peschanski🇫🇷 · B. G. Giraud🇫🇷

    A phenomenological scaling property of the LHC proton-proton elastic scattering cross sections at moderate transfer momentum has been recently observed. The theoretical QCD saturation framework for hard elastic scattering on the proton, which we recall, predicts a strikingly similar scaling property in the same configuration of energy and momentum transfer. This similarity favors a theoretical interpretation where the hard amplitude is the building block of the $pp$ amplitude via unitarization. The values of the scaling exponents favor two QCD saturation approaches where the saturation scale exponent is of order one half of that which is found for hard elastic scattering and deep inelastic processes on the proton.

    hep-phNPB(2025)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Positive definiteness constraints of effective scalar potential in Georgi-Machacek Model

    Xiao Kang Du🇨🇳 · Fei Wang🇨🇳

    The Georgi-Machacek (GM) Model extends the Higgs sector of the Standard Model by introducing additional triplets, preserving custodial symmetry at tree level and allowing large triplet vacuum expectation values (VEVs) of order $\mathcal{O}$(10) GeV. Theoretical constraints on the model's parameters include bounded-from-below (BFB) conditions for the tree-level scalar potential. This study goes beyond the BFB constraints by examining the positive definiteness of the effective potential in the GM model to ensure the absence of deeper vacua in regions with large field values. Using a one-loop renormalization group-improved (RG-improved) effective potential and new criteria for positive definiteness of homogeneous polynomials with multiple variables (necessary due to custodial symmetry breaking effects from loops), we numerically analyze these constraints. Our results reveal that the parameter ranges allowed by positive definiteness differ significantly from those derived from tree-level BFB conditions. Notably, some regions previously excluded by tree-level BFB constraints remain viable under the one-loop RG-improved scalar potential. Besides, certain parameter spaces that satisfy tree-level BFB constraints with electroweak (EW) scale couplings should be excluded due to violations of positive definiteness in large field-value regions. Our numerical analysis, based on the new criteria for positive definiteness of homogeneous polynomials with multiple variables, not only revises the GM model's viability map but also provides a methodological template for stability studies in other extended Higgs models.

    hep-phEPJC(2026)·5 citations
28. 28*

    Phase-Space methods for neutrino oscillations: extension to multi-beams

    Denis Lacroix🇫🇷 · Angel Bauge🇫🇷 · Bulent Yilmaz🇹🇷 · Mariane Mangin-Brinet🇫🇷 · Alessandro Roggero🇮🇹 · A. Baha Balantekin🇺🇸

    The Phase-Space approach (PSA), which was originally introduced in [Lacroix et al., Phys. Rev. D 106, 123006 (2022)] to describe neutrino flavor oscillations for interacting neutrinos emitted from stellar objects is extended to describe arbitrary numbers of neutrino beams. The PSA is based on mapping the quantum fluctuations into a statistical treatment by sampling initial conditions followed by independent mean-field evolution. A new method is proposed to perform this sampling that allows treating an arbitrary number of neutrinos in each neutrino beam. We validate the technique successfully and confirm its predictive power on several examples where a reference exact calculation is possible. We show that it can describe many-body effects, such as entanglement and dissipation induced by the interaction between neutrinos. Due to the complexity of the problem, exact solutions can only be calculated for rather limited cases, with a limited number of beams and/or neutrinos in each beam. The PSA approach considerably reduces the numerical cost and provides an efficient technique to accurately simulate arbitrary numbers of beams. Examples of PSA results are given here, including up to 200 beams with time-independent or time-dependent Hamiltonian. We anticipate that this approach will be useful to bridge exact microscopic techniques with more traditional transport theories used in neutrino oscillations. It will also provide important reference calculations for future quantum computer applications where other techniques are not applicable to classical computers.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thquant-phPRD(2024)·15 citations
29. 29*

    Prospects of measuring the atmospheric muon neutrino and anti-neutrino flux ratio with the ATLAS detector

    Deep Ghosh🇮🇳 · Satyanarayan Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳 · Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya🇮🇳

    There is a significant uncertainty in the prediction of atmospheric muon neutrino and anti-neutrino flux ratio using different flux models, especially at higher energies. We study the prospects of experimentally measuring this flux ratio as a function of energy with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. To this end, we compute the contained-vertex and external upward going charged current event rates induced by atmospheric muon (anti-)neutrinos through deep inelastic scattering at the 4 kiloton hadron calorimeter (HCAL) component of ATLAS. We illustrate the event selection criteria necessary to eliminate the cosmic ray muon background for the above event classes. While the contained vertex events have a striking topology with a muon being created inside the HCAL and then travelling to the muon chamber possibly through the tracker, for muons with energy larger than 3 GeV, nearly 10 times more events are obtained for the external upward going muons created in the rock column below the detector. Our estimates show that the energy dependence of the ratio of negative and positively charged muons induced by atmospheric muon neutrino and anti-neutrino fluxes can be measured by ATLAS upto a muon energy of 100 GeV, with 1000-live days of neutrino physics exposure over a period of several years, considering only the period with the LHC beams not in circulation, but the detector and magnetic fields of ATLAS in operation. With this exposure, we expect to obtain 60 ${\mu }^{-}$ and 30 ${\mu }^{+}$ contained vertex events, and $599{\mu }^{-}$ and $292{\mu }^{+}$ external upward-going events, after imposing the necessary selection criteria. For the latter class of events, this corresponds to an expected ratio of negative to positive charged muon events averaged over all energies, $R_{{\mu }^{-}/{\mu }^{+}}=2.05_{-0.14}^{+0.15}$, at $68\%$ C.L. (Abridged)

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·2 citations
30. 30*

    Vortex Lines in Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter around Rotating Supermassive Black Holes

    K. Korshynska🇺🇦 · O.O. Prykhodko🇺🇦 · E.V. Gorbar🇺🇦 · Junji Jia🇨🇳 · A.I. Yakimenko🇺🇦

    Theoretical analysis of the interaction between superfluid dark matter and rotating supermassive black holes offers a promising framework for probing quantum effects in ultralight dark matter and its role in galactic structure. We study how black hole rotation influences the state of ultralight bosonic dark matter, focusing on the stability and dynamics of vortex lines. The gravitational effects of both dark matter and the black hole on the physical properties of these vortex lines, including their precession around the black hole, are analyzed.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAPRD(2025)·7 citations
31. 31*

    Prospects of measuring quantum entanglement in $\tau \tau$ final states at a future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs factory

    Cedric Breuning🇩🇪 · Philip Bechtle🇩🇪 · Klaus Desch🇩🇪 · Christian Grefe🇩🇪

    We introduce a method to study quantum entanglement at a future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs factory (here the Future Circular Collider colliding $e^{+}$ and $e^{-}$ (FCC-ee) operating at $\sqrt{s}=240\mathrm{GeV}$) in the $\tau \tau$ final state. This method is focused on the $\tau \to \pi {\nu }_{\tau }$ decay. We show how the introduced method works on simulated events without detector effects. When detector effects are applied, the necessary $\tau$ four-momenta can be reconstructed from kinematic constraints. We will discuss the advantages of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions over $pp$ collisions where the reconstruction of the $\tau \tau$ rest frame is more difficult. This discussion will focus on the influence of $p_T$ trigger cuts on the visible ${\pi }^{\pm }$ in the $\tau$ lepton decay.

    hep-phhep-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·3 citations
32. 32*

    The next-to-leading order Higgs impact factor at physical top mass: The real corrections

    Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸 · Luigi Delle Rose🇮🇹 · Michael Fucilla🇫🇷 · Gabriele Gatto🇮🇹 · Alessandro Papa🇮🇹

    We compute the real corrections to the impact factor for the production of a forward Higgs boson, retaining full top-mass dependence. We demonstrate that the rapidity divergence is the one predicted by the BFKL factorization and perform the explicit subtraction in the BFKL scheme. We show that the IR-structure of the impact factor is the expected one and that, in the infinite-top-mass approximation, the previously known result is recovered. We also verify that the impact factor vanishes when the transverse momenta of the $t$-channel Reggeon goes to zero, in agreement with its gauge-invariant definition, exploiting the $m_t\to \infty$ expansion up to the next-to-next-to-leading order.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·17 citations
33. 33*

    Breakdown of collinear factorisation in the photoproduction of a ${\pi }^0\gamma$ pair with large invariant mass

    Saad Nabeebaccus🇫🇷 · Jakob Schoenleber🇺🇸 · Lech Szymanowski🇵🇱 · Samuel Wallon🇫🇷

    We identify a $2\to 3$ exclusive process, where collinear factorisation is broken, namely the exclusive photoproduction of a ${\pi }^0\gamma$ pair with large invariant mass. This occurs because the process suffers from gluon exchanges trapped in the Glauber region. Using an explicit example, we show that the Glauber gluon, which is exchanged between a collinear spectator parton from the nucleon sector and a soft spectator parton from the outgoing pion, has both of its lightcone plus and minus components pinched. Therefore, it cannot be deformed to collinear/soft regions, as is often the case for processes that do factorise. We further confirm the leading power behaviour of the identified Glauber region, highlighting that this is the case although it relies on extracting a soft parton from the outgoing pion. We stress that the Glauber pinch for this process is of the leading power, due to the possibility of having two-gluon exchanges between the collinear nucleon sector and hard partonic scattering sub-process. In fact, the Glauber gluon that we identify is one of these two active gluons, and therefore, its effects are observed already at leading order. A direct consequence of our work is that collinear factorisation breaks in the same way for other $2\to 3$ exclusive processes, where two-gluon exchanges in the $t$-channel are possible, like in the exclusive production of a photon pair from ${\pi }^{0}N$ collisions. However, we highlight that in cases where such two-gluon exchanges do not exist, like in the exclusive ${\pi }^{\pm }\gamma$ photoproduction, the Glauber exchanges that we discuss here do not occur, and hence they do not suffer from factorisation breaking effects.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·1 citation
34. 34*

    Octant Ambiguity in the Presence of Non-isotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation

    Saurabh Shukla🇮🇳 · Shashank Mishra🇮🇳 · Lakhwinder Singh🇮🇳 · Venktesh Singh🇮🇳

    Global analyses of neutrino data suggest that the mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$ is likely to be nonmaximal with two closely matched solutions emerging: one representing a smaller angle (${\theta }_{23}$ < $\pi /4$) and the other a larger angle (${\theta }_{23}$ > $\pi /4$). This ambiguity, known as the octant ambiguity of ${\theta }_{23}$, presents a significant challenge in neutrino research and is a primary objective of future long-baseline experiments. In this study, for the first time, we explore how non-isotropic Lorentz violation affects measurements of mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$, with a particular emphasis on sidereal effects in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment. Our findings reveal that ability of DUNE to resolve the octant ambiguity is significantly compromised in the presence of the $c_{e\tau }^{xy}$ parameter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LIV exacerbates the degeneracy between the Dirac CP-phase ${\delta }_{cp}$ and ${\theta }_{23}$.

    hep-ph0 citations
35. 35*

    The Gravitational Lensing Due to Schwarzchild Black Holes

    Amritansh Mehrotra🇮🇳 · R. Kanishka🇮🇳

    Gravitational lensing is a powerful concept in the Astrophysics to study black holes. The gravitational field of a massive object like a galaxy or black hole bends and magnifies the light from a distant object behind it. The Schwarzchild black hole that are the simplest type of black hole, having no charge or angular momentum have been useful to observe the gravitational lensing. In the presented work, Schwarzchild black hole has been simulated keeping the spiral, elliptical, lenticular and irregular galaxies at the background to obtain the gravitational lensing.

    hep-ph0 citations
36. 36*

    Complete 1-loop study of exclusive $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ photoproduction with full GPD evolution

    Chris Flett🇫🇷 · Jean-Philippe Lansberg🇫🇷 · Saad Nabeebaccus🇫🇷 · Maxim Nefedov🇫🇷 · Pawel Sznajder🇵🇱 · Jakub Wagner🇵🇱

    We discuss the exclusive photoproduction of a heavy vector quarkonium, namely $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$ at 1-loop in ${\alpha }_s$. In collinear factorisation (CF), the amplitude for such a process is obtained by the convolution of a hard partonic sub-amplitude, with a universal generalised parton distribution (GPD). For the first time, we perform a complete calculation at 1-loop including full leading-log (LL) GPD evolution. We first demonstrate the huge instability of the cross section at high energies when the factorisation scale ${\mu }_F$ is varied. This instability has been reported previously in the literature, and occurs due to the large logarithms generated by the huge difference between the hard scale of the process, which is the mass of the heavy quarkonium here, and the centre-of-mass energy of the process. This problem was also reported in inclusive heavy vector quarkonium photoproduction. We show that this issue can be resolved by resumming these large logarithms using high-energy factorisation (HEF), by performing a matching with the result in CF using the doubly logarithmic approximation (DLA) in order to be consistent with the fixed order evolution of GPDs. Finally, we show that the cross sections obtained from such a matching, besides being free from the previously mentioned factorisation scale variation instabilities, are consistent with the H1 data for $J/\psi$ production and with the ZEUS data for ${\rm Y}$ production.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
37. 37*

    Solving bound-state equations in ${\text{QCD}}_2$ with bosonic and fermionic quarks

    Xiaolin Li🇨🇳 · Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳 · Zhewen Mo🇨🇳

    We investigate the bound-state equations (BSEs) in two-dimensional QCD in the $N_c\to \infty$ limit, viewed from both the infinite momentum frame (IMF) and the finite momentum frame (FMF). The BSE of a meson in the original 't Hooft model, viz., spinor ${\text{QCD}}_2$ containing only fermionc quarks, has been extensively studied in literature. In this work, we focus on the BSEs pertaining to two types of "exotic" hadrons, a "tetraquark" which is composed of a bosonic quark and bosonic antiquark, and a "baryon" which is composed of a bosonic antiquark and a fermionic quark. Utilizing the Hamiltonian approach, we derive the corresponding BSEs for both types of "exotic" hadrons, from the perspectives of the light-front and equal-time quantization, and confirm the known results. The recently available BSEs for "tetraquark" in FMF has also been recovered with the aid of the diagrammatic approach. For the first time we also present the BSEs of a "baryon" in FMF in the extended 't Hooft model. By solving various BSEs numerically, we obtain the mass spectra pertaining to "tetraquark" and "baryon" and the corresponding bound-state wave functions of the lowest-lying states. It is numerically demonstrated that, when a "tetraquark" or "baryon" is continuously boosted, the forward-moving component of the bound-state wave function approaches the corresponding light-cone wave function, while the backward-moving component fades away.

    hep-phhep-thCPC(2026)·0 citations
38. 38*

    Sokolov--Ternov effect in rotating systems

    Jonathan D. Kroth🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸

    We study electromagnetic radiation by electrically charged fermions embedded in a rotating medium in an external magnetic field. We compute the dependence of the radiation intensity on the angular velocity $\Omega$ of the rotating medium for fermion polarizations along and opposite the magnetic field direction in intense subcritical fields. The polarization dependence of the photon radiation results in the Sokolov--Ternov effect -- the radiative polarization of fermions. We study the dependence of the degree of polarziation on $\Omega$. We found that rotation significantly changes the degree of polarization. We show that the rotating quark-gluon plasma acquires a finite magnetic moment that exhibits complex dependence on $\Omega$.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
39. 39*

    Large neutrino asymmetry from forbidden decay of dark matter

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Nayan Das🇮🇳 · Indrajit Saha🇮🇳

    Dark matter (DM), in spite of being stable or long-lived on cosmological scales, can decay in the early Universe due to finite-temperature effects. In particular, a first order phase transition (FOPT) in the early Universe can provide a finite window for such decay, guaranteeing DM stability at lower temperatures, consistent with observations. The FOPT can lead to the generation of stochastic gravitational waves (GW) with peak frequencies correlated with DM mass. On the other hand, early DM decay into neutrinos can create a large neutrino asymmetry which can have interesting cosmological consequences in terms of enhanced effective relativistic degrees of freedom $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, providing a solution to the recently observed Helium anomaly among others. Allowing DM decay to occur below sphaleron decoupling temperature, thereby avoiding overproduction of baryon asymmetry, forces the FOPT to occur at sub-electroweak scale. This leaves the stochastic GW within range of experiments like LISA, $\mu$ARES, NANOGrav etc.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·6 citations
40. 40*

    Looping Around Neutrino Charge Radius at Ultra-Near Reactor Experiments

    Vedran Brdar🇺🇸 · Leonardo J. Ferreira Leite🇧🇷 · George A. Parker🇩🇪 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳

    We scrutinize the potential of upcoming ultra-near reactor neutrino experiments to detect radiative corrections in the elastic neutrino-electron scattering channel, focusing on the JUNO-TAO and CLOUD detectors, which employ advanced scintillator detection technologies. Previous reactor experiments have already constrained the electron neutrino charge radius, which is a neutrino property associated with a certain subset of the total radiative corrections, and have achieved limits that are only about an order of magnitude away from the Standard Model prediction. Our study demonstrates that JUNO-TAO and CLOUD could discover the neutrino charge radius in the near future, considering the established treatment of the charge radius. However, we show that it is necessary to go beyond this standard treatment. By including the complete set of one-loop level radiative corrections, we find a partial cancellation with the charge radius effect, reducing the experimental sensitivity to this quantity. Nevertheless, JUNO-TAO and CLOUD still have the potential to achieve a $5\sigma$ discovery but over longer timescales within a reasonable operational timeframe.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·7 citations
41. 41*

    Effective field theory analysis of rare $|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$ charm decays

    Hector Gisbert🇪🇸 · Gudrun Hiller🇩🇪 · Dominik Suelmann🇩🇪

    We perform a global analysis of $|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$ transitions using recent data on $D^0\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, $D^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, ${\Lambda }_c\to p{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, and $D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays, and work out constraints on new physics Wilson coefficients ${\mathcal{C}}_{7,9,10}^{(\prime )}$. While results are consistent with the standard model, we find sizeable room for new physics that can be cleanly signaled with null test observables, not probed with searches in other sectors such as kaon and $b$-decays. The decay $D^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ requires better understanding of hadronic contributions to be competitive in the current fit. Progress can be achieved by precision study of the double differential decay rate in the dipion and dimuon masses, together with improved theory modelling and $D\to \pi \pi$ transition form factors. On the other hand, the 4-body decay is an important contributor to the future global analysis due to its angular distributions that probe complementary combinations of Wilson coefficients, and as a QCD laboratory. The decay ${\Lambda }_c\to p{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ is the rising star due to the simplicity of a 3-body decay with available form factors from lattice QCD, sensitivity to both 4-fermion and electromagnetic dipole couplings and its null test forward-backward asymmetry.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·16 citations
42. 42*

    Probing Nuclear Structure of Heavy Ions at the Large Hadron Collider

    Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

    We perform high-statistics simulations to study the impacts of nuclear structure on the ratios of anisotropic flow observables in ${}^{208}$Pb+${}^{208}$Pb and ${}^{129}$Xe+${}^{129}$Xe collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Even with $40\%$ difference in atomic numbers between ${}^{208}$Pb and ${}^{129}$Xe nuclei, the ratios of anisotropic flow in the same centrality class between the two collision systems are strongly affected by the nuclear structure inputs in the initial state. The ratios of $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ in these collisions are sensitive to the nuclear skin thickness of the colliding nuclei, providing indirect constraints on the nuclei's neutron skin. Our model predictions serve as a benchmark to compare with experimental measurements.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·27 citations
43. 43*

    An alternative idea about the source of baryon asymmetry in the Universe

    S.N. Vergeles🇷🇺

    The paper proposes an alternative scenario for the emergence of baryon asymmetry in the Universe. This scenario is realized in the lattice gravity model associated with the Dirac field as follows. At ultra-high temperatures of the Grand Unification order $T_c\sim 10^{18}$ GeV and higher, the system is in a PT-symmetric phase. But when the temperature decreases, a phase transition to an asymmetric phase occurs, in which a non-zero tetrad appears, that is, space-time with the Minkowski metric, and the system's wave function splits into two: $|⟩=|+⟩+|-⟩$. The fields of tetrads in states $|+⟩$ and $|-⟩$ differ in sign. At the very first moment of time with a duration of the order of the Planck time, a transition of fermions between these states is possible. These transitions in different parts of space are not correlated with each other. Therefore, the final asymmetry of the fermion charge between these states is relatively extremely small and it is preserved in time, since the interaction of the states $|+⟩$ and $|-⟩$ ceases at times greater than the Planck time.

    ↳ hep-latgr-qchep-phJETP Lett.(2024)·2 citations
44. 44*

    Search for dark matter particle production at the LHC

    Marta Felcini (on behalf of the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations)🇮🇪

    Understanding the fundamental nature and properties of dark matter is a main goal of fundamental physics experiments. The LHC experiments seek to detect processes that could explain how dark matter is produced and how it interacts with ordinary matter. After a reminder of the main dark matter production models, we give an overview of LHC searches for dark matter production processes and outline future opportunities.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phProceedings of the 58th Rencontres de Mor…·2 citations
45. 45*

    A Novel Framework for Characterizing Spacetime Microstructure with Scaling

    Weihu Ma🇨🇳 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳

    The study of physics at the Planck scale has garnered significant attention due to its implications for understanding the fundamental nature of the universe. At the Planck scale, quantum fluctuations challenge the classical notion of spacetime as a smooth continuum, revealing a complex microstructure that defies traditional models. This study introduces a novel scaling-based framework to investigate the properties of spacetime microstructures. By deriving a scaling-characterized metric tensor and reformulating fundamental equations--including the geodesic, Einstein field, Klein-Gordon, and Dirac equation--into scaling forms, the research reveals new properties of local spacetime dynamics. Remarkably, the golden ratio emerges naturally in linear scale measurements, offering a potential explanation for the role of the Planck length in resolving ultraviolet (UV) divergence. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how scale invariance in spacetime can restore classical geometric stability through the renormalization group equations. These findings significantly revise classical geometric intuitions, providing a fresh lens for understanding quantum fluctuations and offering promising insights for advancing quantum gravity theories.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phNPB(2025)·2 citations
46. 46*

    Moduli stabilization and light axion by Siegel modular forms

    Shuta Funakoshi🇯🇵 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵

    We discuss the stabilization of multiple moduli by utilizing Siegel modular forms in the framework of $Sp(2g,\mathbb{Z})$ modular invariant theories. We derive the stationary conditions at CP-conserving fixed points for a generic modular- and CP-invariant scalar potential. The stabilization of multiple moduli is explicitly demonstrated in $Sp(4,\mathbb{Z})$ and $Sp(6,\mathbb{Z})$ modular invariant scalar potentials. Furthermore, it turns out that there exists a light axion when the moduli are stabilized nearby a fixed point.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·10 citations
47. 47*

    Spacetime aspects of non-supersymmetric strings

    Salvatore Raucci🇮🇹

    The consistency of string theory as a theory of gravity does not rely on the presence of spacetime supersymmetry; however, its absence leads to the emergence of tadpole diagrams in the on-shell worldsheet formulation, thus undermining our control over the physics. Two-dimensional conformal invariance, a pillar of string theory, requires tadpole subtraction through the Fischler-Susskind mechanism, whose spacetime consequence is the emergence of scalar tadpole potentials. In this thesis, I explore several implications of the absence of supersymmetry in string-derived scenarios. I focus on the three ten-dimensional tachyon-free string theories in which spacetime supersymmetry is absent or broken, studying the gravitational consequences of tadpole potentials. First, I address vacuum solutions in terms of singular codimension-one vacua, explore their generalizations, and discuss the properties of their singular boundaries. I present an alternative perspective on these vacua based on the formalism of fake supersymmetry, in which the second-order equations of motion are replaced by supersymmetry-like first-order equations. I then turn to the topic of engineering vacua in the non-supersymmetric string models by constructing solutions that are supported by electric and magnetic fluxes and by providing evidence for their instability. Finally, I investigate brane-like solutions in the presence of tadpole potentials that yield both flux vacua with the isometries of supersymmetric branes and gravitational profiles that capture the backreaction of localized sources.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph12 citations
48. 48*

    The density of states method for symplectic gauge theories at finite temperature

    Ed Bennett🇬🇧 · Biagio Lucini🇬🇧 · David Mason🇬🇧 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Enrico Rinaldi🇯🇵 · Davide Vadacchino🇬🇧

    We study the finite-temperature behaviour of the $Sp(4)$ Yang-Mills lattice theory in four dimensions, by applying the Logarithmic Linear Relaxation (LLR) algorithm. We demonstrate the presence of coexisting (metastable) phases, when the system is in the proximity of the transition. We measure observables such as the free energy, the expectation value of the plaquette operator and of the Polyakov loop, as well as the specific heat, and the Binder cumulant. We use these results to obtain a high-precision measurement of the critical coupling at the confinement-deconfinement transition, and assess its systematic uncertainty, for one value of the lattice extent in the time direction. Furthermore, we perform an extensive study of the finite-volume behaviour of the lattice system, by repeating the measurements for fixed lattice time extent, while increasing the spatial size of the lattice. We hence characterise the first-order transition on the lattice, and present the first results in the literature on this theory for the infinite volume extrapolation of lattice quantities related to latent heat and interface tension. Gauge theories with $Sp(4)$ group have been proposed as new dark sectors to provide a fundamental origin for the current phenomenological evidence of dark matter. A phase transition at high temperature, in such a new dark sector, occurring in the early universe, might have left a relic stochastic background of gravitational waves. Our results represent a milestone toward establishing whether such a new physics signal is detectable in future experiments, as they enter the calculation of the parameters, $\alpha$ and $\beta$, controlling the power spectrum of gravitational waves. We also outline the process needed in the continuum extrapolation of our measurements, and test its feasibility on one additional choice of temporal extent of the lattice.

    ↳ hep-latastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PRD(2025)·21 citations
49. 49*

    Bayesian Inference of dense matter equation of state of neutron star with antikaon condensation

    Vishal Parmar🇮🇳 · Vivek Baruah Thapa🇮🇳 · Anil Kumar🇮🇳 · Debades Bandyopadhyay🇮🇳 · Monika Sinha🇮🇳

    In this paper, we employ the Density Dependent Relativistic Hadron (DDRH) field theoretical Model in a Bayesian analysis to investigate the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter featuring antikaon condensation for $K^{-}$ and ${\bar{K}}^0$ inside neutron stars. The vector coupling parameters within the kaonic sector are determined through the iso-spin counting rule and quark model. Our study integrates various constraints, including $\chi$EFT calculations, nuclear saturation properties, and astrophysical observations from pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+66 and from the GW170817 event. We present posterior distributions of model parameters derived from these constraints, enabling us to explore the distributions of nuclear matter properties and neutron star (NS) characteristics such as radii, tidal deformabilities, central energy densities, and speed of sound. The antikaon potential at the 68(90)\% confidence intervals is determined to be $-129.36_{-3.837(-5.696)}^{+12.53(+32.617)}$ MeV. This aligns with several studies providing estimates within the range of $-120$ to $-150$ MeV. We find that the maximum neutron star mass is constrained to around 2M${}_{\odot }$ due to the significant softening of the EOS caused by antikaon condensation. This softening results in a considerable decrease in the speed of sound. Although antikaon condensation for $K^{-}$ is not feasible inside the canonical neutron stars, it becomes feasible for higher NS masses. The condensation of both $K^{-}$ and ${\bar{K}}^0$ is probably present in the interior of neutron star with mass greater than 2M${}_{\odot }$. We also discuss the interconnections among input variables, isoscalar and isovector aspects of the EOS, and specific NS properties in the context of antikaon condensation.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRC(2024)·17 citations
50. 50*

    State-of-the-art of Strangeness in Quark Matter Theory 2024

    Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸

    I discuss the theoretical developments in related to Strangeness in Quark Matter (SQM) leading up to the SQM2024 conference. These advances include mapping out the Quantum Chromodynamics phase diagram; puzzles that exist in hadron physics from light to heavy particles; and advanced in relativistic hydrodynamics with the inclusion of spin and magnetic fields.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
51. 51*

    The GD-1 stellar stream perturber as a core-collapsed self-interacting dark matter halo

    Xingyu Zhang🇨🇳 · Hai-Bo Yu🇺🇸 · Daneng Yang🇺🇸 · Ethan O. Nadler🇺🇸

    The GD-1 stellar stream exhibits spur and gap structures that may result from a close encounter with a dense substructure. When interpreted as a dark matter subhalo, the perturber is denser than predicted in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model. In self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), however, a halo could evolve into a phase of gravothermal collapse, resulting in a higher central density than its CDM counterpart. We conduct high-resolution controlled N-body simulations to show that a collapsed SIDM halo could account for the GD-1 perturber's high density. We model a progenitor halo with a mass of $3\times 10^8{M}_{\odot }$, motivated by a cosmological simulation of a Milky Way analog, and evolve it in the Milky Way's tidal field. For a cross section per mass of $\sigma /m\approx 30-100\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2{\mathrm{g}}^{-1}$ at $V_{\max }\sim 10\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, the enclosed mass of the SIDM halo within the inner $10\mathrm{pc}$ can be increased by more than an order of magnitude compared to its CDM counterpart, leading to a good agreement with the properties of the GD-1 perturber. Our findings indicate that stellar streams provide a novel probe into the self-interacting nature of dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phApJL(2025)·35 citations
52. 52*

    On the simultaneity of Forbush decreases: the simultaneous effects of interplanetary parameters and geomagnetic activity indices

    I. O. Eya · E. U. Iyida · O. Okike · R. E. Ugwoke · F. M. Menteso · C. J. Ugwu · P. Simpemba · J. Simfukwe · D. Silungwe S. P. Phiri · G. F Abbey · J. A. Alhassan · A.E. Chukwude

    Forbush decreases (Fd) are transient, short-term reductions in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays that reach the Earth's surface. When this reduction is observed at multiple locations at the same time, it is referred to as simultaneous Forbush decreases (SFd). Identifying Fd events in daily averaged Cosmic ray (CR) raw data is always tedious, but the task has gone minimal through an algorithm (automated Fd detection). We deployed an automated Fd location algorithm on daily-averaged CR data from five neutron monitor stations covering the period 1998 to 2006. We identified 80 days with the most simultaneous events. While there exists extensive research on the subject using a case study approach, the current study is statistical. Whereas most of the previous investigations employed a small sample of Fds manually selected from a single CR station, large samples of Fds, selected after disentangling the Sun's influence on CR data from multiple neutron monitors (MNs) are used. The connection between the Fds and many solar-terrestrial variables is tested. The beautiful and consistent results obtained between the space weather variables and Fds at the five NM stations call the attention of space weather researchers to the need for rigorous, detailed, and accurate cataloging of Fds. Solar cycle oscillation significantly impacts the amplitude and timing of Fds. Its influence should be removed before Fd selection.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.IMhep-ph+1J.Astrophys.Astron.(2025)·0 citations
53. 53*

    Femtoscopic study of the $\Omega \alpha$ interaction in heavy-ion collisions

    Faisal Etminan🇮🇷

    The two-particle momentum correlation between the Omega-baryon ($\Omega$) and the ${}^{4}He(\alpha )$ in high-energy heavy ion collisions is explored. Such correlations as an alternative source of information can help us further understand the interaction between $\Omega$ and nucleons (N). $\Omega \alpha$ potentials in the single-folding potential approach are constructed by employing two different available $\Omega N$ interactions in ${}^5{S}_2$ channel, i.e, one is based on the (2 + 1)-flavor lattice QCD simulations near the physical point by the HAL QCD collaboration, and another is based on the meson exchanges with effective Lagrangian, where in the latter case coupled channels effect is considered. It is found that the correlation functions at small size source depends on the used potential model. This implicitly means that at high density nuclear medium, $\Omega \alpha$ momentum correlation could drive the feature of $\Omega N$ interactions. Moreover, by extracting the scattering length and the effective range from obtained $\Omega \alpha$ potentials, the correlation functions are calculated within the Lednicky-Lyuboshits (LL) formalism. It is shown that since the $\Omega \alpha$ has large interaction range, the LL formula leads to different results at small source size.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·8 citations
54. 54*

    Probing Lambda-Gravity with Bose-Einstein Condensate

    Hector A. Fernandez-Melendez🇬🇧 · Alexander Belyaev🇬🇧 · Vahe Gurzadyan🇦🇲 · Ivette Fuentes🇬🇧

    We propose a precise test of two fundamental gravitational constants using a detector concept that exploits the dynamics of quantum phononic excitations in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), operable at the scale of tabletop experiments. In this setup, the sensitivity is enhanced by approximately 2 orders of magnitude through the use of a tritter operation, which mixes phononic excitations with the BEC's ground state. The BEC exhibits unique sensitivity to the two key components of the gravitational potential in $\Lambda$-gravity: the Newtonian $GM/r$ term and the cosmological constant $\Lambda r^2$, both entering the most general function following from a Gurzadyan's theorem. Using state-of-the-art experimental design, we predict that the gravitational constant $G$ could be measured with an accuracy up to $10^{-17}$ N m${}^2$/kg${}^2$, representing an improvement by 2 orders of magnitude over current measurements. Moreover, this experiment aims to establish the best Earth-based upper limit on $\Lambda$ at $<10^{-31}$ m${}^{-2}$, marking the first laboratory-based probe of the cosmological constant. Additionally, the setup allows for the measurement of the distance-dependent behavior of each term in the gravitational potential, providing a means to test modified gravity theories.

    ↳ quant-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.quant-gasgr-qc+1PRResearch(2025)·6 citations
55. 55*

    Anisotropic hydrodynamics with boost-non-invariant expansion

    Shile Chen🇨🇳 · Shuzhe Shi🇨🇳

    We establish the anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) equations based on a boost-non-invariant longitudinally expanding system. Good consistency is found in the comparison between the aHydro results with those from the Boltzmann equation under relaxation time approximation. We also obtain corresponding attractor solution and observe the time delay of convergence when increasing the absolute value of the rapidity. We finally show that the rapidity dependence is solved by introducing the redefined attractor variables to compensate the time delay effect.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
56. 56*

    New aspects of gauge-gravity relation

    A.G. Shuvaev🇷🇺

    The relation between four-dimensional $SO(4)$ pure Yang-Mills theory and the gravity is discussed. The functional integral for Yang-Mills theory is rewritten in terms of the gravity metric and Riemann tensors. This relation is shown to also provide a simple way to derive the linear potential resulting from the average Wilson loop in pure Yang-Mills theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
57. 57*

    The axion dark matter experiment MADMAX

    Pascal Pralavorio (on behalf of the MADMAX Collaboration)🇫🇷

    The MAgnetized Disk and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX) is a future experiment aiming to detect dark matter axions from the galactic halo by resonant conversion to photons in a strong magnetic field. It uses a stack of dielectric disks in front of a mirror, called booster, to enhance the potential signal from axion-photon conversion over a significant mass range. Several small scale prototype systems have been developed and tested to verify the experimental principles. The current status of the experiment and its prototypes, including the ongoing research and development and remaining challenges, are presented in this contribution.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
58. 58*

    Quantum amplification, relic gravitons and Landauer's conjecture

    Massimo Giovannini🇨🇭

    According to the microscopic formulation of Landauer's principle, when information is deleted the Von Neumann entropy of the system gets reduced with a corresponding energy cost. Although within the same perspective the growth of the entropy should remain unconstrained we show that during quantum amplification the heat flow does restrict the increase of the Von Neumann entropy. When applied to the case of relic gravitons (with frequencies between the aHz region and the THz domain) the bounds obtained here set a limit on initial thermal gravitons and on the total duration of inflation.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PRD(2025)·2 citations
59. 59*

    Measuring Coherent Radio and Microwave Photons from the Solar Corona

    Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Zizang Qiu · Thomas W. Kephart🇺🇸 · Arjun Berera🇬🇧

    The rates of production of radio/microwave N-identical photons states |N> from stimulated emission in the solar atmosphere are estimated. Effects of various decohering factors are shown to be small. Ground based measurements of these quantum states via the inverse HOM effect are proposed. We argue that a signal is detectable and far above the noise in several cases.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRhep-phquant-ph0 citations
60. 60*

    Massive neutrinos and cosmic composition

    Marilena Loverde🇺🇸 · Zachary J. Weiner🇺🇸

    Cosmological data probe massive neutrinos via their effects on the geometry of the Universe and the growth of structure, both of which are degenerate with the late-time expansion history. We clarify the nature of these degeneracies and the individual roles of both probes in neutrino mass inference. Geometry is strongly sensitive to neutrino masses: within $\Lambda$CDM, the primary cosmic microwave background anisotropies alone impose that the matter fraction ${\Omega }_m$ must increase fivefold with increasing neutrino mass. Moreover, large-scale structure observables, like weak lensing of the CMB, are dimensionless and thus depend not on the matter density (as often quoted) but in fact the matter fraction. We explore the consequential impact of this distinction on the interplay between probes of structure, low-redshift distances, and CMB anisotropies. We derive constraints on the neutrino's masses independently from their suppression of structure and impact on geometry, showing that the latter is at least as important as the former. While the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument's recent baryon acoustic oscillation data place stringent bounds largely deriving from their geometric incompatibility with massive neutrinos, all recent type Ia supernova datasets drive marginal preferences for nonzero neutrino masses because they prefer substantially larger matter fractions. Recent CMB lensing data, however, neither exclude neutrinos' suppression of structure nor constrain it strongly enough to discriminate between mass hierarchies. Current data thus evince not a need for modified dynamics of neutrino perturbations or structure growth but rather an inconsistent compatibility with massive neutrinos' impact on the expansion history. We identify two of DESI's measurements that strongly influence its constraints, and we also discuss neutrino mass measurements in models that alter the sound horizon.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·106 citations
61. 61*

    Entanglement entropy of a color flux tube in (2+1)D Yang-Mills theory

    Rocco Amorosso🇺🇸 · Sergey Syritsyn🇺🇸 · Raju Venugopalan🇺🇸

    We construct a novel flux tube entanglement entropy (FTE${}^2$), defined as the excess entanglement entropy relative to the vacuum of a region of color flux stretching between a heavy quark-anti-quark pair in pure gauge Yang-Mills theory. We show that FTE${}^2$ can be expressed in terms of correlators of Polyakov loops, is manifestly gauge-invariant, and therefore free of the ambiguities in computations of the entanglement entropy in gauge theories related to the choice of the center algebra. Employing the replica trick, we compute FTE${}^2$ for $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills theory in (2+1)D and demonstrate that it is finite in the continuum limit. We explore the properties of FTE${}^2$ for a half-slab geometry, which allows us to vary the width and location of the slab, and the extent to which the slab cross-cuts the color flux tube. Following the intuition provided by computations of FTE${}^2$ in (1+1)D, and in a thin string model, we examine the extent to which our FTE${}^2$ results can be interpreted as the sum of an internal color entropy and a vibrational entropy corresponding to the transverse excitations of the string.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2024)·22 citations
62. 62*

    Monitoring the daily variation of Sun-Earth magnetic fields using galactic cosmic rays

    The LHAASO Collaboration (Zhen Cao, F. Aharonian, Axikegu, Y.X. Bai, Y.W. Bao, D. Bastieri, X.J. Bi, Y.J. Bi, W. Bian, A.V. Bukevich, Q. Cao, W.Y. Cao, Zhe Cao, J. Chang, J.F. Chang, A.M. Chen, E.S. Chen, H.X. Chen, Liang Chen, Lin Chen, Long Chen, M.J. Chen, M.L. Chen, Q.H. Chen, S. Chen, S.H. Chen, S.Z. Chen, T.L. Chen, Y. Chen, N. Cheng, Y.D. Cheng, M.Y. Cui, S.W. Cui, X.H. Cui, Y.D. Cui, B.Z. Dai, H.L. Dai, Z.G. Dai, Danzengluobu, X.Q. Dong, K.K. Duan, J.H. Fan, Y.Z. Fan, J. Fang, J.H. Fang, K. Fang, C.F. Feng, H. Feng, L. Feng, S.H. Feng, X.T. Feng, Y. Feng, Y.L. Feng, S. Gabici, B. Gao, C.D. Gao, Q. Gao, W. Gao, W.K. Gao, M.M. Ge, L.S. Geng, G. Giacinti, G.H. Gong, Q.B. Gou, M.H. Gu, F.L. Guo, X.L. Guo, Y.Q. Guo, Y.Y. Guo, Y.A. Han, M. Hasan, H.H. He, H.N. He, J.Y. He, Y. He, Y.K. Hor, B.W. Hou, C. Hou, X. Hou, H.B. Hu, Q. Hu, S.C. Hu, D.H. Huang, T.Q. Huang, W.J. Huang, X.T. Huang, X.Y. Huang, Y. Huang, X.L. Ji, H.Y. Jia, K. Jia, K. Jiang, X.W. Jiang, Z.J. Jiang, M. Jin, M.M. Kang, I. Karpikov, D. Kuleshov, K. Kurinov, B.B. Li, C.M. Li, Cheng Li, Cong Li, D. Li, F. Li, H.B. Li, H.C. Li, Jian Li, Jie Li, K. Li, S.D. Li, W.L. Li, W.L. Li, X.R. Li, Xin Li, Y.Z. Li, Zhe Li, Zhuo Li, E.W. Liang, Y.F. Liang, S.J. Lin, B. Liu, C. Liu, D. Liu, D.B. Liu, H. Liu, H.D. Liu, J. Liu, J.L. Liu, M.Y. Liu, R.Y. Liu, S.M. Liu, W. Liu, Y. Liu, Y.N. Liu, Q. Luo, Y. Luo, H.K. Lv, B.Q. Ma, L.L. Ma, X.H. Ma, J.R. Mao, Z. Min, W. Mitthumsiri, H.J. Mu, Y.C. Nan, A. Neronov, L.J. Ou, P. Pattarakijwanich, Z.Y. Pei, J.C. Qi, M.Y. Qi, B.Q. Qiao, J.J. Qin, A. Raza, D. Ruffolo, A. Sáiz, M. Saeed, D. Semikoz, L. Shao, O. Shchegolev, X.D. Sheng, F.W. Shu, H.C. Song, Yu.V. Stenkin, V. Stepanov, Y. Su, D.X. Sun, Q.N. Sun, X.N. Sun, Z.B. Sun, J. Takata, P.H.T. Tam, Q.W. Tang, R. Tang, Z.B. Tang, W.W. Tian, C. Wang, C.B. Wang, G.W. Wang, H.G. Wang, H.H. Wang, J.C. Wang, Kai Wang, Kai Wang, L.P. Wang, L.Y. Wang, P.H. Wang, R. Wang, W. Wang, X.G. Wang, X.Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.D. Wang, Y.J. Wang, Z.H. Wang, Z.X. Wang, Zhen Wang, Zheng Wang, D.M. Wei, J.J. Wei, Y.J. Wei, T. Wen, C.Y. Wu, H.R. Wu, Q.W. Wu, S. Wu, X.F. Wu, Y.S. Wu, S.Q. Xi, J. Xia, G.M. Xiang, D.X. Xiao, G. Xiao, Y.L. Xin, Y. Xing, D.R. Xiong, Z. Xiong, D.L. Xu, R.F. Xu, R.X. Xu, W.L. Xu, L. Xue, D.H. Yan, J.Z. Yan, T. Yan, C.W. Yang, C.Y. Yang, F. Yang, F.F. Yang, L.L. Yang, M.J. Yang, R.Z. Yang, W.X. Yang, Y.H. Yao, Z.G. Yao, L.Q. Yin, N. Yin, X.H. You, Z.Y. You, Y.H. Yu, Q. Yuan, H. Yue, H.D. Zeng, T.X. Zeng, W. Zeng, M. Zha, B.B. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Zhang, H.M. Zhang, H.Y. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, Li Zhang, P.F. Zhang, P.P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S.B. Zhang, S.R. Zhang, S.S. Zhang, X. Zhang, X.P. Zhang, Y.F. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong Zhang, B. Zhao, J. Zhao, L. Zhao, L.Z. Zhao, S.P. Zhao, X.H. Zhao, F. Zheng, W.J. Zhong, B. Zhou, H. Zhou, J.N. Zhou, M. Zhou, P. Zhou, R. Zhou, X.X. Zhou, X.X. Zhou, B.Y. Zhu, C.G. Zhu, F.R. Zhu, H. Zhu, K.J. Zhu, Y.C. Zou, X. Zuo) · C.W.Jiang · Y.Yang

    The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) between the Sun and Earth is an extension of the solar magnetic field carried by the solar wind into interplanetary space. Monitoring variations in the IMF upstream of the Earth would provide very important information for the prediction of space weather effects, such as effects of solar storms and the solar wind, on human activity. In this study, the IMF between the Sun and Earth was measured daily for the first time using a cosmic-ray observatory. Cosmic rays mainly consist of charged particles that are deflected as they pass through a magnetic field.Therefore, the cosmic-ray Sun shadow, caused by high-energy charged cosmic rays blocked by the Sun and deflected by the magnetic field, can be used to explore the transverse IMF between the Sun and Earth. By employing the powerful kilometer-square array at the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, the cosmic-ray Sun shadows were observed daily with high significance for the first time. The displacement of the Sun shadow measured in 2021 correlates well with the transverse IMF component measured in situ by spacecraft near the Earth, with a time lag of 3:31 $\pm$ 0:12 days. The displacement of the Sun shadow was also simulated using Parker's classic IMF model, yielding a time lag of 2:06 $\pm$ 0:04 days. This deviation may provide valuable insights into the magnetic field structure, which can improve space weather research.

    ↳ physics.space-phastro-ph.SRhep-phInnovation(2024)·6 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.