Fri·May 24, 2024Friday·May 24, 2024

1. 01*

   Benchmarking the Non-flow Contributions to the Elliptic Flow Parameter ($v_{{}_2}$) in Proton-Proton Collisions

   M. I. Abdulhamid🇪🇬 · A. M. Hamed🇪🇬 · E. A. Osama🇪🇬 · M. Rateb🇪🇬 · N. K. Sadoun🇪🇬 · F. H. Sawy🇪🇬

   This manuscript reports on the elliptic flow parameter, $v_{{}_2}$, in proton-proton (p-p) collisions using PYTHIA8 event generator simulations. The typical Event Plane ($EP$) method $v_{{}_2}$($EP$) as the one used for the real data analysis has been adopted to measure the $v_{{}_2}$ of particles composed of different quark flavors, and produced at mid-pseudorapidity $|\eta |\le 1$ at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The event plane has been constructed using the soft charged particles with transverse momentum ($p{}_{{}_T}<$ 2 GeV/c) produced in various $\eta$ ranges. The pseudorapidity gap technique ($\Delta \eta$) between the particle of interest and the soft charged particles contributed to the event plane constructions has been utilized to benchmark the non-flow contributions. The $v_{{}_2}^{{\pi }^{{}^{\pm },}{\pi }^{{}^0}}$, $v_{{}_2}^{J/\psi ,{\rm Y},K,D,B}$, and the $v_{{}_2}^{{\gamma }_{dir}}$ show similar pattern dependence on the transverse momentum for the same $\Delta \eta$, at both $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. At each center-of-mass energy, the measured $v_{{}_2}$ shows obvious dependence on the quark flavor contents where $v_{{}_2}^{{\gamma }_{dir}}$ $\le$ $v_{{}_2}^{J/\psi ,{\rm Y},K,D,B}$ $\le$ $v_{{}_2}^{{\pi }^{{}^{\pm },}{\pi }^{{}^0}}$ for similar $\Delta \eta$ gap. The measured $v_{{}_2}$ shows slightly higher values at smaller $\sqrt{s}$ for particles of similar values of $\Delta \eta$ gaps, particularly at small $\Delta \eta$ gap. The measured $v_{{}_2}$ for all particles shows systematic decreases with increasing the $\Delta \eta$ gap as expected from the previous experimental results. Because PYTHIA8 simulations do not incorporate final state interactions, the $v_{{}_2}(EP)$ values reported here primarily reflect the non-flow contributions and its dependence on the quark contents, pseudorapidity gap as a function on $p_T$ at each center of mass-energy.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exJ.Phys.G(2024)·2 citations
2. 02*

   Pion gravitational form factors in the QCD instanton vacuum I

   Wei-Yang Liu🇺🇸 · Edward Shuryak🇺🇸 · Christian Weiss🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

   The pion form factors of the QCD energy-momentum tensor (EMT) are studied in the instanton liquid model (ILM) of the QCD vacuum. In this approach the breaking of conformal symmetry is encoded in the form of stronger-than-Poisson fluctuations in the number of instantons. For the trace of the EMT, it is shown that the gluonic trace anomaly term contributes half the pion mass, with the other half coming from the quark-mass-dependent sigma term. The $Q^2$ dependence of the form factors is governed by glueball and scalar meson exchanges. For the traceless EMT, the spin-0 and 2 form factors are computed at next-to-leading order in the instanton density using effective quark operators. Relations between the gluon and quark contributions to the EMT form factors are derived. The form factors are also expressed in terms of the pion light-front wave functions in the ILM. The results at the low resolution scale of the inverse instanton size are evolved to higher scales using the renormalization group equation. The ILM results compare well with those of recent lattice QCD calculations.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·25 citations
3. 03*

   Flavino Dark Matter in a Non-Abelian Discrete Flavor Model

   Takaaki Nomura🇨🇳 · Yusuke Shimizu🇯🇵 · Towa Takahashi🇯🇵

   We study a relic density of the flavino dark matter in modified Altarelli and Feruglio $A_4$ model which is respecting the $SU(2{)}_L\times A_4\times Z_3\times U(1{)}_R$ symmetry. We calculate the Lagrangian from the superpotential in the model. In estimating relic density, we consider the relevant interactions from the Lagrangian that realize the vacuum expectation value alignments and charged lepton masses where we assume that the supersymmetry breaking effects are small for flavon sector. As a result, we find the degenerate masses between the lightest ``flavon'' and ``flavino'', and only two parameters in the potential determines the relic density. Then allowed parameter space of these parameters are estimated from relic density calculation taking a constraint from lepton flavor violation into account. We also briefly discuss other dark matter physics such as direct detection, indirect detection and collider search.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Strangelets at finite temperature

   Hao-Song You🇨🇳 · Huai-Min Chen🇨🇳 · Jian-Feng Xu🇨🇳 · Cheng-Jun Xia🇨🇳 · Ren-Xin Xu🇨🇳 · Guang-Xiong Peng🇨🇳

   We study the properties of strangelets at finite temperature $T$, employing an equivparticle model that incorporates both linear confinement and leading-order perturbative interactions with density-dependent quark masses. The shell effects are analyzed by solving the Dirac equations for quarks within the mean-field approximation. As temperature increases, these effects weaken due to the occupation probability of single-particle levels being governed by the Fermi-Dirac statistics, a phenomenon known as shell dampening. Surprisingly, the surface tension, derived from a liquid-drop formula, does not decrease with temperature but instead rises until it peaks at $T\approx 20-40$ MeV. At this temperature, shell corrections become negligible, and the formula provides a reasonable approximation for the free energy per baryon of strangelets. However, the curvature term decreases with $T$ despite the presence of shell effects. The neutron and proton emission rates are determined microscopically by the external nucleon gas densities that are in equilibrium with strangelets. These emission rate generally increases with $T$ for stable strangelets, but decrease for those that are unstable to nucleon emission at $T$ = 0. The other properties of $\beta$-stable strangelets obtained with various parameter sets are presented as well. The results indicated in this work are useful for understanding the products of binary compact star mergers and heavy-ion collisions.

   hep-phnucl-th0 citations
5. 05*

   Explore the properties of $\Lambda (1670)$ in the Cabibbo-favored process ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay

   Sheng-Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · Man-Yu Duan🇨🇳 · Wen-Tao Lyu🇨🇳 · Guan-Ying Wang🇨🇳 · Jing-Yu Zhu🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳

   Recently, the Belle and LHCb Collaborations have measured the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay and reported the $p{K}^{-}$ invariant mass distribution, which shows a clear cusp structure around the $\eta \Lambda$ threshold. In this work, we have analyzed this process by considering the triangle mechanism and the $S$-wave pseudoscalar meson-octet baryon interactions within the chiral unitary approach, which dynamically generate the $\Lambda (1670)$. Our results are in good agreement with the Belle measurements, which implies that the cusp structure around $\eta \Lambda$ threshold could be associated with the $\Lambda (1670)$ with the molecular nature.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·18 citations
6. 06*

   Gamma-ray Signal from $Z_{N\ge 3}$ Dark Matter-Companion Models

   Jun Guo🇨🇳 · Zhaofeng Kang🇨🇳 · Ji-Gang Zhao🇨🇳

   In Ref.~\cite{Guo:2021rre}, we proposed to replace the final dark matter (DM) particle in the semi-annihilation mode $\mathrm{DM}+\mathrm{DM}\to \mathrm{antiDM}+\mathrm{Higgs}\mathrm{boson}$ with its $Z_{N\ge 3}$ companion, thus reducing DM number density without DM-nucleon scattering. In this work, we study the indirect detection signals from DM annihilation, the Higgs boson pair with one of them from the companion decay being on- or off- shell, depending on the DM-companion mass splitting. We generate the photon spectrum by using PYTHIA8 and study the properties of the spectrum, to find that the hard part of the spectrum in our model is mainly shaped by the direct Higgs boson and thus does not differ much from that of the conventional semi-annihilation mode. Using the Fermi-LAT data of white dwarfs, we derive the current limit of the DM annihilation cross section for $\mathrm{DM}+\mathrm{DM}\to \mathrm{companio}{\mathrm{n}}^{\ast }+\mathrm{Higgs}\mathrm{boson}$, and for the relatively light DM, it reaches the typical thermal cross section. However, for the TeV scale DM, we have to rely on the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which is able to rule out the whole parameter space except for the coannihilation region.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Thermal Wash-in Leptogenesis via Heavy Higgs Decay

   Kyohei Mukaida🇯🇵 · Hidenaga Watanabe🇯🇵 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵

   We present a conceptually simple model to generate asymmetries that are not directly related to baryon nor lepton charges. The model employs a three-Higgs doublet framework, wherein the other two Higgs fields are significantly heavier than the Standard Model (SM) Higgs field. The decay of these heavier Higgs fields generates asymmetry for approximately conserved charges in the Standard Model at a high temperature. These asymmetries will be converted into baryon/lepton asymmetry through $B-L$ violating interactions associated with right-handed neutrinos via the wash-in mechanism.

   hep-phJCAP(2024)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Determining ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$ from Thrust with Power Corrections

   Miguel A. Benitez-Rathgeb🇪🇸 · André H. Hoang🇦🇹 · Vicent Mateu🇪🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸 · Gherardo Vita🇨🇭

   We update and extend a previous N${}^3$LL${}^{\prime }$+$\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ strong coupling determination from thrust data. In particular, we carry out a fit with data fully restricted to the dijet region seeking to minimize the potential impact of power corrections that go beyond dijet configurations. In addition, we parametrize deviations from the dijet power correction in order to add an additional source of uncertainty in the result for ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$. We also show that the inclusion of resummation is important to achieve stability with respect to varying the fit region.

   hep-ph11 citations
9. 09*

   Hadronic molecules with four charm or beauty quarks

   Wen-Ying Liu🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

   We apply the extended local hidden gauge formalism to study the meson-meson interactions with the quark constituents $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$, $cc\bar{c}\bar{b}/\bar{c}\bar{c}cb$, $cc\bar{b}\bar{b}/\bar{c}\bar{c}bb$, $bb\bar{c}\bar{b}/\bar{b}\bar{b}cb$, and $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$, where the exchanged mesons are the fully-heavy vector mesons $J/\psi$, $B_c^{\ast }$, and ${\rm Y}$. We solve the coupled-channel Bethe-Salpeter equation to derive two poles in the $bb\bar{c}\bar{b}$ system and two poles in the $cc\bar{c}\bar{b}$ system. There are also four charge-conjugated poles in the $\bar{b}\bar{b}cb$ and $\bar{c}\bar{c}cb$ systems. In the $bb\bar{c}\bar{b}$ system, one pole corresponds to a sub-threshold bound state when the cutoff momentum is set to $\Lambda >850$ MeV. The other pole in this system corresponds to a sub-threshold bound state when $\Lambda >1100$ MeV. In the $cc\bar{c}\bar{b}$ system, the two poles correspond to sub-threshold bound states only when $\Lambda >1550$ MeV and $\Lambda >2650$ MeV. This makes them difficult to identify as deeply-bound hadronic molecules. We propose investigating the two poles of the $bb\bar{c}\bar{b}$ system in the ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{B}_c^{-}$channel at the LHC.

   hep-phhep-exUniverse(2025)·14 citations
10. 10*

    Progress in implementing the kinematical constraint into the small-x JIMWLK evolution equation

    P. Korcyl🇵🇱 · L. Motyka🇵🇱 · T. Stebel🇵🇱

    The most complete high-energy evolution of Wilson line operators is described by the set of equations called Balitsky-JIMWLK evolution equations. It is known from the studies of the linear - the BFKL - evolution equation that the leading corrections come from the kinematically enhanced double collinear logarithms. A method for resumming such logarithmic corrections to all orders for the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation is known under the name of kinematical constraint. In this work, we discuss the progress in implementing these corrections into the Langevin formulation of the JIMWLK equation. In particular, we introduce a set of correlation functions which are nonlocal in the rapidity variable. They appear in the construction of the kinematical constraint, however, their behavior with rapidity has not been investigated numerically so far. We derive their large-$N$ evolution equations, solve them numerically, and comment on their implications for the implementation of the full kinematical constraint.

    hep-ph4 citations
11. 11*

    Testing the CKM unitarity at high energy via the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production at the LHC and future colliders

    E. Gabrielli🇮🇹 · L. Marzola🇪🇪 · K. Müürsepp🇪🇪

    We propose a novel test to assess the unitarity of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, $V_{\mathrm{CKM}}$, at present and future collider experiments. Our strategy makes use of the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production cross section to directly probe the $V_{\mathrm{CKM}}^{†}{V}_{\mathrm{CKM}}$ product, which regulates the high-energy behavior of the observable. The violation of unitarity is signalled by an anomalous behavior of the cross section that grows quadratically with the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ invariant mass with respect to the Standard Model prediction. By using the recent ATLAS measurements of the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ cross section we are able to constrain the maximal unitarity violation allowed by current data, producing a bound complementary to the results of flavor physics experiments. Forecasts for the high luminosity phase of the LHC and for the future 100 TeV hadron collider are also discussed.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Flavored Dark Matter: Freeze-out Scenarios and LHC Signatures

    Jan Heisig🇩🇪

    We present the phenomenology of a simplified dark matter model within the dark minimal flavor violation framework, extending the standard model with a Majorana fermion flavor triplet and colored scalar mediator. We explore the allowed parameter space considering constraints from flavor observables, direct and indirect dark matter detection, and the relic density measurement. Our analysis reveals previously unexplored scenarios such as conversion-driven freeze-out within the model. We study limits from the LHC and discuss new signatures of the model, highlighting its richer phenomenology compared to single flavor dark matter.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    Blade: A package for block-triangular form improved Feynman integrals decomposition

    Xin Guan🇺🇸 · Xiao Liu🇬🇧 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳 · Wen-Hao Wu🇨🇳

    In this article, we present the package {\tt Blade} as the first implementation of the block-triangular form improved Feynman integral reduction method. The block-triangular form has orders of magnitude fewer equations compared to the plain integration-by-parts system, allowing for strictly block-by-block solutions. This results in faster evaluations and reduced resource consumption. We elucidate the algorithms involved in obtaining the block-triangular form along with their implementations. Additionally, we introduce novel algorithms for finding the canonical form and symmetry relations of Feynman integrals, as well as for performing spanning-sector reduction. Our benchmarks for various state-of-the-art problems demonstrate that {\tt Blade} is remarkably competitive among existing reduction tools. Furthermore, the {\tt Blade} package offers several distinctive features, including support for complex kinematic variables or masses, user-defined Feynman prescriptions for each propagator, and general integrands.

    hep-phhep-thComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·107 citations
14. 14*

    $B$ meson mixing at NNLO: technical aspects

    Pascal Reeck🇩🇪 · Vladyslav Shtabovenko🇩🇪 · Matthias Steinhauser🇩🇪

    We provide details to several technical aspects which are important for the calculation of next-to-next-to-leading order corrections to the mixing of neutral $B$ mesons. This includes the computation of the master integrals for finite charm and bottom quark masses, traces over products of up to 22 $\gamma$ matrices and tensor integrals with up to rank 11.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·9 citations
15. 15*

    Fully charmed tetraquarks from LHC to FCC: Natural stability from fragmentation

    Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸 · Gabriele Gatto🇮🇹 · Alessandro papa🇮🇹

    We investigate the inclusive production of fully charmed tetraquarks, $T_{4c}(0^{++})$ or $T_{4c}(2^{++})$ radial excitations, in high-energy proton collisions. We build our study upon the collinear fragmentation of a single parton in a variable-flavor number scheme, suited to describe the tetraquark formation mechanism from moderate to large transverse-momentum regimes. To this extent, we derive a novel set of DGLAP-evolving collinear fragmentation functions, named TQ4Q1.0 determinations. They encode initial-scale inputs corresponding to both gluon and heavy-quark fragmentation channels, defined within the context of quark-potential and spin-physics inspired models, respectively. We work within the NLL/NLO${}^{+}$ hybrid factorization and make use of the JETHAD numeric interface along with the symJETHAD symbolic calculation plugin. With these tools, we provide predictions for high-energy observables sensitive to $T_{4c}$ plus jet emissions at center-of-mass energies ranging from 14 TeV at the LHC to the 100 TeV nominal energy of the FCC.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thEPJC(2024)·35 citations
16. 16*

    Diffuse Boosted Cosmic Neutrino Background

    Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Shunsaku Horiuchi🇯🇵 · Xiaolin Qi🇯🇵

    Energetic cosmic rays scatter off the cosmic neutrino background throughout the history of the Universe, yielding a diffuse flux of cosmic relic neutrinos boosted to high energies. We calculate this flux under different assumptions of the cosmic-ray flux spectral slope and redshift evolution. The non-observation of the diffuse flux of boosted relic neutrinos with current high-energy neutrino experiments already excludes an average cosmic neutrino background overdensity larger than $\sim 10^4$ over cosmological distances. We discuss the future detectability of the diffuse flux of boosted relic neutrinos in light of neutrino overdensity estimates and cosmogenic neutrino backgrounds.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·19 citations
17. 17*

    Revisiting linear stability of black hole odd-parity perturbations in Einstein-Aether gravity

    Shinji Mukohyama🇯🇵 · Shinji Tsujikawa🇯🇵 · Anzhong Wang🇺🇸

    In Einstein-Aether gravity, we revisit the issue of linear stabilities of black holes against odd-parity perturbations on a static and spherically symmetric background. In this theory, superluminal propagation is allowed and there is a preferred timelike direction along the unit Aether vector field. If we choose the usual spherically symmetric background coordinates with respect to the Killing time $t$ and the areal radius $r$, it may not be appropriate for unambiguously determining the black hole stability because the constant $t$ hypersurfaces are not necessarily always spacelike. Unlike past related works of black hole perturbations, we choose an Aether-orthogonal frame in which the timelike Aether field is orthogonal to spacelike hypersurfaces over the whole background spacetime. In the short wavelength limit, we show that no-ghost conditions as well as radial and angular propagation speeds coincide with those of vector and tensor perturbations on the Minkowski background. Thus, the odd-parity linear stability of black holes for large radial and angular momentum modes is solely determined by constant coefficients of the Aether derivative couplings.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Impact of gauge fixing precision on the continuum limit of non-local quark-bilinear lattice operators

    Kuan Zhang🇨🇳 · Yi-Kai Huo🇺🇸 · Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸 · Andreas Schaefer🇩🇪 · Chun-Jiang Shi🇨🇳 · Peng Sun🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳 · Jian-Hui Zhang🇨🇳

    We analyze the gauge fixing precision dependence of some non-local quark-blinear lattice operators interesting in computing parton physics for several measurements, using 5 lattice spacings ranging from 0.032 fm to 0.121 fm. Our results show that gauge dependent non-local measurements are significantly more sensitive to the precision of gauge fixing than anticipated. The impact of imprecise gauge fixing is significant for fine lattices and long distances. For instance, even with the typically defined precision of Landau gauge fixing of $10^{-8}$, the deviation caused by imprecise gauge fixing can reach 12 percent, when calculating the trace of Wilson lines at 1.2 fm with a lattice spacing of approximately 0.03 fm. Similar behavior has been observed in $\xi$ gauge and Coulomb gauge as well. For both quasi PDFs and quasi TMD-PDFs operators renormalized using the RI/MOM scheme, convergence for different lattice spacings at long distance is only observed when the precision of Landau gauge fixing is sufficiently high. To describe these findings quantitatively, we propose an empirical formula to estimate the required precision.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·19 citations
19. 19*

    Constraints from Fermi observations of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts on cosmological parameters

    Huifeng Wang🇯🇵 · Nan Liang🇨🇳

    In this paper, we compile a \emph{Fermi} sample of the \emph{long} GRB observations from 15 years of GBM catalogue with identified redshift, in which the GOLD sample contains 123 long GRBs at $z\le 5.6$ and the FULL sample contains 151 long GRBs with redshifts at $z\le 8.2$. The Amati relation (the $E_{\mathrm{p},\mathrm{i}}$-$E_{\mathrm{iso}}$ correlation) are calibrated at $z<1.4$ by a Gaussian Process from the latest observational Hubble data (OHD) with the cosmic chronometers method so that GRBs at high-redshift $z\ge 1.4$ can be used to constrain cosmological models via the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. From the cosmology-independent GRBs with the GOLD sample at $z\ge 1.4$ and the Pantheon+ sample of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at $0.01<z\le 2.3$, we obtain ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}=0.354\pm 0.018,H_0=73.05\pm 0.2km/s/Mpc$ for the flat $\Lambda$CDM model; $w_0=-1.22_{-0.15}^{+0.18}$ for the flat $w$CDM model; and $w_a=-1.12_{-0.83}^{+0.45}$ for the flat Chevallier-Polarski-Linder model at the 1$\sigma$ confidence level. Our results with the GOLD and FULL sample are almost identical, which are more stringent than the previous results with GRBs.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phMNRAS(2024)·21 citations
20. 20*

    Screened Scalar Fields in the Laboratory and the Solar System

    Hauke Fischer🇦🇹 · Christian Käding🇦🇹 · Mario Pitschmann🇦🇹

    The last few decades have provided abundant evidence for physics beyond the two standard models of particle physics and cosmology. As is now known, the by far largest part of our universe's matter/energy content lies in the `dark' and consists of dark energy and dark matter. Despite intensive efforts on the experimental as well as the theoretical side, the origins of both are still completely unknown. Screened scalar fields have been hypothesized as potential candidates for dark energy or dark matter. Among these, some of the most prominent models are the chameleon, symmetron, and environment-dependent dilaton. In this article, we present a summary containing the most recent experimental constraints on the parameters of these three models. For this, experimental results have been employed from the qBOUNCE collaboration, neutron interferometry, and Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), among others. In addition, constraints are forecast for the Casimir And Non Newtonian force EXperiment (CANNEX). Combining these results with previous ones, this article collects the most up-to-date constraints on the three considered screened scalar field models.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phUniverse(2024)·48 citations
21. 21*

    Lorentz-Equivariant Geometric Algebra Transformers for High-Energy Physics

    Jonas Spinner🇩🇪 · Victor Bresó🇩🇪 · Pim de Haan · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸 · Johann Brehmer

    Extracting scientific understanding from particle-physics experiments requires solving diverse learning problems with high precision and good data efficiency. We propose the Lorentz Geometric Algebra Transformer (L-GATr), a new multi-purpose architecture for high-energy physics. L-GATr represents high-energy data in a geometric algebra over four-dimensional space-time and is equivariant under Lorentz transformations, the symmetry group of relativistic kinematics. At the same time, the architecture is a Transformer, which makes it versatile and scalable to large systems. L-GATr is first demonstrated on regression and classification tasks from particle physics. We then construct the first Lorentz-equivariant generative model: a continuous normalizing flow based on an L-GATr network, trained with Riemannian flow matching. Across our experiments, L-GATr is on par with or outperforms strong domain-specific baselines.

    ↳ physics.data-ancs.LGhep-phstat.MLAdvances in Neural Information Processing…·57 citations
22. 22*

    New limits on neutrino decay from high-energy astrophysical neutrinos

    Victor B. Valera🇩🇰 · Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Ivan Esteban🇪🇸 · Mauricio Bustamante🇩🇰

    Since neutrinos have mass differences, they could decay into one another. But their lifetimes are likely long, even when shortened by new physics, so decay likely impacts neutrinos only during long trips. This makes high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, traveling for up to billions of light-years, sensitive probes of decay. However, their sensitivity must be tempered by reality. We derive from them thorough bounds on the neutrino lifetimes accounting for critical astrophysical unknowns and the nuances of neutrino detection. Using the diffuse neutrino flux, we disfavor lifetimes $\tau \lesssim 20$-450 s $(m/\mathrm{eV})$, based on present IceCube data, and forecast factor-of-10 improvements by upcoming detectors. Using, for the first time, neutrinos from the active galaxy NGC 1068, extant unknowns preclude placing lifetime bounds today, but upcoming detectors could disfavor $\tau \sim 100$-5000 s $(m/\mathrm{eV})$.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phPRD(2024)·12 citations
23. 23*

    Replica Wormholes and Entanglement Islands in the Karch-Randall Braneworld

    Hao Geng🇺🇸

    The Karch-Randall braneworld provides a natural set-up to study the Hawking radiation from a black hole using holographic tools. Such a black hole lives on a brane and is highly quantum yet has a holographic dual as a higher dimensional classical theory that lives in the ambient space. Moreover, such a black hole is coupled to a nongravitational bath which is absorbing its Hawking radiation. This allows us to compute the entropy of the Hawking radiation by studying the bath using the quantum extremal surface prescription. The quantum extremal surface geometrizes into a Ryu-Takayanagi surface in the ambient space. The topological phase transition of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface in time from connecting different portions of the bath to the one connecting the bath and the brane gives the Page curve of the Hawking radiation that is consistent with unitarity. Nevertheless, there doesn't exit a derivation of the quantum extremal surface prescription and its geometrization in the Karch-Randall braneworld. In this paper, we fill this gap. We mainly focus on the case that the ambient space is (2+1)-dimensional for which explicit computations can be done in each description of the set-up. We show that the topological phase transition of the Ryu-Takayanagi surface corresponds to the formation of the replica wormhole on the Karch-Randall brane as the dominate contribution to the replica path integral. For higher dimensional situations, we show that the geometry of the brane satisfies Einstein's equation coupled with conformal matter. We comment on possible implications to the general rule of gravitational path integral from this equation.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·50 citations
24. 24*

    A mass for the dual axion

    Arthur Platschorre🇬🇧

    In this article we study a modification of axion physics in which the dual axion acquires a mass. This mass explicitly breaks the shift symmetry of the dual axion. The potential breaking of this shift symmetry poses a dual axion quality problem. When the dual axion acquires a mass, the axion gets eaten and becomes the longitudinal degree of freedom of a massive vector field. In this phase, axion strings are screened and far-separated instanton configurations are exponentially suppressed. This confinement of instantons corresponds to the worldline action of a particle-like soliton traveling between the instantons analogous to Abrikosov/Nielsen-Oleson vortex solitons that stretch between confined magnetic monopoles in a superconductor. We calculate the cost of this additional worldline suppression and provide several models in which both the confined instantons and confining worldline are dynamical.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·3 citations
25. 25*

    Fast Bayesian Inference for Neutrino Non-Standard Interactions at Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments

    Dorian W. P. Amaral🇺🇸 · Shixiao Liang🇺🇸 · Juehang Qin🇺🇸 · Christopher Tunnell🇺🇸

    Multi-dimensional parameter spaces are commonly encountered in physics theories that go beyond the Standard Model. However, they often possess complicated posterior geometries that are expensive to traverse using techniques traditional to astroparticle physics. Several recent innovations, which are only beginning to make their way into this field, have made navigating such complex posteriors possible. These include GPU acceleration, automatic differentiation, and neural-network-guided reparameterization. We apply these advancements to dark matter direct detection experiments in the context of non-standard neutrino interactions and benchmark their performances against traditional nested sampling techniques when conducting Bayesian inference. Compared to nested sampling alone, we find that these techniques increase performance for both nested sampling and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, accelerating inference by factors of $\sim 100$ and $\sim 60$, respectively. As nested sampling also evaluates the Bayesian evidence, these advancements can be exploited to improve model comparison performance while retaining compatibility with existing implementations that are widely used in the natural sciences. Using these techniques, we perform the first scan in the neutrino non-standard interactions parameter space for direct detection experiments whereby all parameters are allowed to vary simultaneously. We expect that these advancements are broadly applicable to other areas of astroparticle physics featuring multi-dimensional parameter spaces.

    ↳ cs.LGhep-phstat.MLMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·3 citations
26. 26*

    Galaxy groups in the presence of Cosmological Constant: Increasing the Masses of Groups

    David Benisty🇬🇧 · Moshe M. Chaichian🇫🇮 · Anca Tureanu🇫🇮

    The boundaries of galaxy groups and clusters are defined by the interplay between the Newtonian attractive force and the decoupling from the local expansion of the Universe. This work extends the definition of a zero radial acceleration surface (ZRAS) and the turnaround surface (TS) for a general distribution of the masses in an expanding background, governed by the cosmological constant. We apply these definitions to different galaxy groups in the local Universe, mapping these groups up to ten megaparsec distances. We discuss the dipole and the quadrupole rate for the Local Group of Galaxies and the implementations on the Hubble diagram correction and galaxy groups virialization. With these definitions, we present the surfaces showing the interplay between the local expansion vs the local Newtonian attraction for galaxy groups in the local Universe. Further, we estimate the masses of different galaxy groups and show that the inclusion of the Cosmological Constant in the analysis predicts these masses to be higher by 5-10\%. For instance the Local Group of Galaxies is estimated to be $(2.47\pm 0.08)\cdot 10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$. For the groups with enough tracers close to the TS, the contribution of the Cosmological Constant makes the masses to be even higher. The results show the importance of including the local cosmic expansion in analyzing the Cosmic Flow of the local Universe.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PLB(2024)·9 citations

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