Mon·Jan 1, 2024Monday·January 1, 2024

1. 01*

   Factorizing two-loop vacuum sum-integrals

   Andrei I. Davydychev🇨🇱 · Pablo Navarrete🇫🇮 · York Schröder🇨🇱

   We derive analytic results for scalar massless bosonic vacuum sum-integrals at two loops. Building upon a recent factorization proof of massive two-loop vacuum integrals, we are able to solve the corresponding Matsubara sums and map the result onto one-loop structures, thereby proving factorization also in the sum-integral setting. Analytic results are provided for generic integer-valued propagator- and numerator-powers of the class of sum-integrals under consideration, allowing to eliminate them from any perturbative expansion, dramatically simplifying the evaluation of some observables encountered e.g. in hot QCD.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·11 citations
2. 02*

   Uniform rate inflation on the brane

   Chia-Min Lin🇨🇳 · Rei Tamura🇯🇵 · Keiko I. Nagao🇯🇵

   We propose a model of uniform rate inflation on the brane. The potential is given by a hyperbolic cosine function plus a negative cosmological constant. The equation of motion is solved analytically without using slow-roll approximation. The result is that the inflaton field is rolling at a constant speed. The prediction for cosmological perturbations depends on the field value at the end of inflation. The experimental constraints could be satisfied in the parameter space.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2024)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Phenomenology of Heavy Neutral Gauge Boson at Muon Collider

   Zongyang Lu🇨🇳 · Honglei Li🇨🇳 · Zhi-Long Han🇨🇳 · Zong-Guo Si🇨🇳 · Liuxin Zhao🇨🇳

   Heavy neutral gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ is proposed in many new physics models. It has rich phenomena at the future muon collider. We study the properties of $Z^{\prime }$ boson with the process of ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to q\bar{q}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to l^{+}{l}^{-}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to ZH$ and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to W^{+}{W}^{-}$. The discrepancy of $Z^{\prime }$ coupling to different types of particles can be shown in the cross section distributions around the resonance peak of various decay modes. Angular distributions of the final quark or lepton in ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to q\bar{q}/l^{+}{l}^{-}$ process are sensitive to the parameters such as mass of $Z^{\prime }$ and the $Z-Z^{\prime }$ mixing angle. The interaction of new gauge boson coupling to the standard model gauge particles and Higgs boson are also studied through ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to ZH\to l^{+}{l}^{-}b\bar{b}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to W^{+}{W}^{-}\to l^{+}{l}^{-}{\nu }_l{\bar{\nu }}_l$. The cross section and the final particles' angular distributions with the contribution of $Z^{\prime }$ boson differ from those processes with only standard model particles. A forward-backward asymmetry defined by the angular distribution is provided to show the potential of searching for new physics at the muon collider. Especially, the beam polarization with certain value can effectively enlarge the forward-backward asymmetry.

   hep-phSCPMA(2024)·8 citations
4. 04*

   Momentum and angular correlations in $Z/\gamma$-hadron production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

   Zhan Gao🇨🇳 · Lin Chen🇨🇳 · Peng-Hui Hu🇨🇳 · Man Xie🇨🇳 · Han-Zhong Zhang🇨🇳

   We carry out a detailed study of medium modifications on momentum and angular correlations between a large transverse momentum hadron and a $Z/\gamma$ trigger in relativistic heavy-ion collisions within a perturbative QCD parton model improved by the Sudakov resummation technique. The total energy loss of a hard parton propagating inside the medium is employed to modify the fragmentation function, while the medium-induced transverse momentum broadening is included in the resummation approach, and both of them are related to the jet transport parameter and obtained by the high-twist formalism. We obtain good agreements with the existing data on transverse momentum and azimuthal angular correlations for the $Z/\gamma$-hadron pairs in $pp$ and $AA$ collisions, and predict the correlations for the $\gamma$-hadron in central $PbPb$ collisions at 5.02 TeV. The numerical analyses for the $Z/\gamma$-hadron in central $PbPb$ collisions show that the normalized angular distribution is decorrelated due to the medium-induced transverse momentum broadening, however, the angular correlation is enhanced due to the parton energy loss, namely anti-broadening. The observed modification of the angular correlation is a result of the competition between the broadening and the anti-broadening. This work provides a reliable theoretical tool for a comprehensive and precise study of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·3 citations
5. 05*

   Soft photon approximation in a laser field

   P.A. Krachkov🇷🇺

   In the present paper, we consider processes involving the emission of soft photons in the presence of a strong laser field. We demonstrate that the matrix element $S$ for a process $\text{i}\to \text{f}+\gamma$, with a soft photon $\gamma$, can be expressed in terms of the matrix element $S_0$ for the process $\text{i}\to \text{f}$ through a simple multiplicative factor in the integrand over $\varphi$. This approximation enables a result that is exact in the phase and approximate in the prefactor to order $\mathcal{O}(\omega /{\epsilon }_{\text{char}})$, where $\omega$ is the frequency of the soft photon and ${\epsilon }_{\text{char}}$ is the characteristic energy of the $\text{i}\to \text{f}$ process. We demonstrate several important applications of this soft photon approximation. First, under soft photon approximation we compute the probabilities of nonlinear Compton scattering and photon emission in the superposition of a laser and atomic fields and compare obtained result with the exact one. Second, we demonstrate that the amplitude of $n$ soft photons emission has factorization, which corresponds to the independence of the emission of $n$ soft photons. Third, we use the discussed approximation to prove cancellation of real and virtual infrared divergences for nonlinear Compton scattering and derive the finite radiative corrections. The soft photon approximation is a useful tool for investigation of different QED processes in the presence of a strong laser field. Also, it can be widely used for computation of infrared part of radiative correction for some processes.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Solar neutrino constraints on light mediators through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering

   Mehmet Demirci🇹🇷 · M. Fauzi Mustamin🇹🇷

   We investigate new physics with light-neutral mediators through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) at low energies. These mediators, with a mass of less than $1$ GeV, are common properties for extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We consider general scalar, vector, and tensor interactions allowed by Lorentz invariance and involve universal light mediators accordingly. In addition, we study an additional vector gauge boson with an associated $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ gauge group for a variety of models including $U(1{)}_{B-L}$, $U(1{)}_{B-3L_e}$, $U(1{)}_{B-3L_{\mu }}$, and $U(1{)}_{B-3L_{\tau }}$. These models differ in the fermion charges, which determine their contributions within the CE$\nu$NS process. The effects of each model are investigated by embedding them in the SM process using solar neutrino flux. We derive new limits on the coupling-mass plane of these models from the latest CDEX-10 data. We also present projected sensitivities involving the future experimental developments for each model. Our results provide more stringent constraints in some regions, compared to previous works. Furthermore, the projected sensitivities yield an improvement of up to one order of magnitude.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·27 citations
7. 07*

   Smuon contribution to muon g-2 in Grand Unified supersymmetric theories

   Weichao Li🇨🇳 · Haoxue Qiao🇨🇳 · Kun Wang🇨🇳 · Jingya Zhu🇨🇳

   In GUT-scale constrained (GUTc) supersymmetric (SUSY) models, the mass of smuon ${\tilde{\mu }}_1$ is typically heavier than that of stau ${\tilde{\tau }}_1$, and stau co-annihilation is a typical annihilation mechanism of dark matter. However, light smuon is more favored by the muon $g-2$ anomaly, thus smuon-neutralino loop contribution to muon $g-2$ is usually smaller than that of sneutrino-chargino. Inspired by the latest muon $g-2$ results, we take the GUTc- Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Model (NMSSM) as an example, where the gaugino (Higgs) masses are not unified to the usual parameter $M_{1/2}$ ($M_0$), exploring its possibility of light smuon and its contribution to muon $g-2$. After complicated calculations and discussions, we conclude that in GUTc-NMSSM the smuon can be lighter than stau. In this light-smuon scenario, the contribution of smuon-neutralino loop to the muon $g-2$ can be larger than that of the sneutrino-chargino loop. The annihilation mechanisms of dark matter are dominated by multiple slepton or chargino co-annihilation. In our calculations, we consider also other latest related constraints like Higgs data, SUSY searches, dark matter relic density and direct detections, etc.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex4 citations
8. 08*

   Probing the dark matter velocity distribution via daily modulation

   Matti Heikinheimo🇫🇮 · Kai Nordlund🇫🇮 · Sebastian Sassi🇫🇮 · Kimmo Tuominen🇫🇮

   We consider dark matter velocity distributions with an anisotropic component, and analyze how the velocity structure can be probed in a solid state ionization detector with no directional detection capability using a daily modulation effect due to the anisotropic response function of the target. We show that with an energy resolution of < 10 eV it is possible to identify the presence of an anisotropic component consistent with observations for sub-GeV dark matter, and that introduction of daily modulation information substantially improves the sensitivity in a narrow mass range.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Light baryon in three quark picture light front approach and its application: hyperon weak radiative decays

   Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳 · Yu Ji Shi🇨🇳 · Jin Sun🇰🇷 · Zhen-Xing Zhao🇨🇳

   Motivated by recent experimental data on ${\Sigma }^{+}\to p\gamma$ at BESIII, we investigate a class of hyperon weak radiative decays. To estimate these processes, in our research, we employ a new type of light-front quark model with a three-quark picture for octet baryons. In the three-quark picture, with the use of $SU(3{)}_f$ and spin symmetries, we present a general form of the light front wave function for each octet baryon. By including contributions from the penguin diagram and W exchange diagram, we perform a complete calculation on the branching ratios ($Br$) and the asymmetry parameter ($\alpha$) for hyperon weak radiative decay processes. Our results are helpful for discovering additional hyperon weak radiative decay processes in experimental facilities, and our research will promote the theoretical study of baryons.

   hep-ph7 citations
10. 10*

    Light dark matter confronted with the 95 GeV diphoton excess

    Weichao Li🇨🇳 · Haoxue Qiao🇨🇳 · Kun Wang🇨🇳 · Jingya Zhu🇨🇳

    The correlation between Higgs-like scalars and light dark matter is an interesting topic, especially now that a $125GeV$ Higgs was discovered and dark matter (DM) searches got negative results. The $95GeV$ excess reported by the CMS collaboration with $132f{b}^{-1}$ data recently, and the DM search results by XENONnT and LZ collaborations motivate us to revise that. In this work, we study that in the GUT-scale constrained (GUTc) Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Model (NMSSM), where most parameters are input at the GUT scale, but with scalar and gaugino masses not unified there. In the calculation we also consider other recent experimental constraints, such as Higgs data, Supersymmetry (SUSY) searches, DM relic density, etc. After detailed analysis and discussion, we find that: (i) The light DM can be bino- or singlino-dominated, but can be mixed with minor components of Higgsino. (ii) Both cases can get right relic density and sizable Higgs invisible decay, by adjusting the dimensionless parameters $\lambda ,\kappa$, or suitably mixing with Higgsino. (iii) Both cases can have four funnel annihilation mechanisms, i.e., annihilating through $Z,a_1,h_2,h_1$. (iv) Samples with right relic density usually get weak signal of Higgs invisible decay at future lepton collider, but the $95GeV$ scalar can have sizable $b\bar{b}$ signal.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex25 citations
11. 11*

    Dark matter with exotic mediators: The diquark portal

    Linda M. Carpenter🇺🇸 · Taylor Murphy🇫🇷

    In this work we build out complete mediator sectors for models of frustrated dark matter (fDM), a new paradigm in which fermionic dark matter couples to the Standard Model (SM) through a scalar-fermionic mediator pair. The fDM paradigm allows great freedom in the charge assignments of the mediators: it accommodates any representation of the SM gauge group provided that the scalar and fermionic mediators have the same charges. In this paper, we write down all renormalizable models in which the mediator(s) make contact with the SM through pairs of quarks, a model space we refer to as the diquark portal. The mediators in this portal may be singlets, triplets, sextets, or octets of the color group $\mathrm{SU}(3{)}_{\text{c}}$. The mediators may additionally be in non-trivial representations of the weak group $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_{\text{L}}$, including doublet and triplet representations, depending on the mediators' color charge. In addition to writing the complete set of renormalizable Lagrangians, we categorize the general collider phenomenology of the models and discuss pair- and single-production LHC signatures of the mediator sectors.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Global coupled-channel analysis of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to c\bar{c}$ processes in $\sqrt{s}=3.75-4.7$ GeV

    S.X. Nakamura (Shandong Univ.)🇨🇳 · X.-H. Li (USTC)🇨🇳 · H.-P. Peng (USTC)🇨🇳 · Z.-T. Sun (Shandong Univ.)🇨🇳 · X.-R. Zhou (USTC)🇨🇳

    Recent high-precision $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to c\bar{c}$ data from the BESIII and Belle are highly useful to understand vector charmonium ($\psi$) pole structures and puzzling lineshapes due to the exotic hadron candidates $Y$. We thus perform a global coupled-channel analysis of most of the available data (10 two-body, 9 three-body, and 1 four-body final states) in $\sqrt{s}=3.75-4.7$ GeV. Not only cross sections but also invariant-mass distributions of subsystems are fitted. The $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ cross sections are also predicted. Our model includes dozens of (quasi) two-body states that nonperturbatively couple with each other through bare $\psi$ excitations, particle-exchange, and short-range mechanisms; approximate three-body unitarity is considered. The amplitudes obtained from the fit are analytically continued to $\psi$ and $Z_c$ poles. We find $\psi$ states similar to those in the Particle Data Group listing and $Y(4320)$. Moreover, several $\psi$ states, including new ones, are found close to open charm thresholds. Trajectories and compositeness of the near-threshold poles suggest dominant hadron-molecule contents in their internal structures. Two $Z_c$ poles are found as virtual states $\sim$40 MeV below the $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{(\ast )}$ thresholds, being consistent with lattice QCD results. This work presents the first global analysis to determine $\psi$ and $Z_c$ poles, thereby paving the way to extracting detailed properties of the prominent exotic hadron candidates from data.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·48 citations
13. 13*

    Spinodal enhancement of fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions

    Roman Poberezhnyuk🇺🇦 · Oleh Savchuk🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Kuznietsov🇺🇦 · Jan Steinheimer🇩🇪 · Mark Gorenstein🇺🇦 · Horst Stoecker🇩🇪

    Subensemble Acceptance Method (SAM) [1,2] is an essential link between measured event-by-event fluctuations and their grand canonical theoretical predictions such as lattice QCD. The method allows quantifying the global conservation law effects in fluctuations. In its basic formulation, SAM requires a sufficiently large system such as created in central nucleus-nucleus collisions and sufficient space-momentum correlations. Directly in the spinodal region of the First Order Phase Transition (FOPT) different approximations should be used that account for finite size effects. Thus, we present the generalization of SAM applicable in both the pure phases, metastable and unstable regions of the phase diagram [3]. Obtained analytic formulas indicate the enhancement of fluctuations due to crossing the spinodal region of FOPT and are tested using molecular dynamics simulations. A rather good agreement is observed. Using transport model calculations with interaction potential we show that the spinodal enhancement of fluctuations survives till the later stages of collision via the memory effect [4]. However, at low collision energies the space-momentum correlation is not strong enough for this signal to be transferred to second and third order cumulants measured in momentum subspace. This result agrees well with recent HADES data on proton number fluctuations at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.4$ GeV which are found to be consistent with the binomial momentum space acceptance [5].

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
14. 14*

    The dead cone effect in heavy quark jets observed in momentum space and its QCD explanation

    Stefan Kluth🇩🇪 · Wolfgang Ochs🇩🇪 · Redamy Perez Ramos🇫🇷

    The production of a heavy quark is accompanied by gluon bremsstrahlung with angular and momentum spectra predicted by perturbative Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). The radiation off heavy quarks is predicted to be suppressed for large momentum particles, as a consequence of the angular ``dead cone effect''. In this paper, we studied this effect using data from Z boson decays to c- or b-quarks in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. The momentum spectra for charged particles are reconstructed in the momentum fraction variable $x$ or $\xi =\ln (1/x)$ by removing the decays of the heavy hadrons. We find an increasing suppression of particles with rising $x$ down to a fraction of $\lesssim 1/10$ for particles with $x\gtrsim 0.2$ in b-quark and $x\gtrsim 0.4$ in c-quark jets in comparison to light quark momentum spectra. The sensitivity to the dead cone effect in the present momentum analysis is larger than in the recently presented angular analysis. The suppression for c- and b-quark fragmentation is in good quantitative agreement with the expectations based on perturbative QCD within the Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximation (MLLA) in the central kinematic region. The data also support a two parameter description in the MLLA of these phenomena (``Limiting Spectrum''). The sensitivity of these measurements to the heavy quark mass is investigated.

    hep-phhep-ex3 citations
15. 15*

    NNLO QCD corrections to semi-inclusive DIS

    Saurav Goyal🇮🇳 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Vaibhav Pathak🇮🇳 · Narayan Rana🇮🇳 · V. Ravindran🇮🇳

    We present the first results for the next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) corrections to the semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering process in perturbative quantum chromodynamics. We consider the quark initiated flavor non-singlet process and obtain the complete contributions analytically at leading color. All relevant virtual and real emission Feynman diagrams have been computed using integration-by-parts reduction to master integrals and two approaches for their subsequent evaluation (parametric phase-space integration and method of differential equations). The numerical analysis demonstrates the significance of the NNLO corrections and their great impact on the reduction of the residual scale dependence.

    hep-phhep-thPRL(2024)·59 citations
16. 16*

    Neutrino Mass in Effective Field Theory

    A.V. Borisov🇷🇺 · A.P. Isaev🇷🇺

    In this review, the seesaw mechanism for generating the mass of active light neutrinos (both Majorana and Dirac) is considered on the basis of effective field theory. In particular, we review certain models that extend the Standard Model by introducing heavy sterile neutrinos and discuss the corresponding mechanisms for generating small masses of active neutrinos. Two Appendices briefly describe the properties of Weyl, Dirac, and Majorana spinors in four dimensions and the interrelations between such spinors. The third Appendix provides a simple proof of the theorem on Takagi diagonalization of a mass matrix for Majorana fermions.

    hep-phhep-thPhys.Part.Nucl.(2024)·4 citations
17. 17*

    Axion cogenesis without isocurvature perturbations

    Raymond T. Co🇺🇸 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵

    Axion rotations can simultaneously explain the dark matter abundance and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe by kinetic misalignment and axiogenesis. We consider a scenario in which the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking field is as large as the Planck scale during inflation and the axion rotation is initiated by the inflaton-induced potential immediately after the end of inflation. This is a realization of the cogenesis scenario that is free of problems with domain walls and isocurvature perturbations thanks to large explicit Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking at the Planck scale during inflation. The baryon asymmetry can be more efficiently produced by lepto-axiogenesis, in which case the axion mass is predicted to be larger than $O(0.1)$ meV. We also discuss a UV complete model in supersymmetric theories.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Explanation of the 95 GeV $\gamma \gamma$ and $b\bar{b}$ excesses in the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model

    P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Rabindra N. Mohapatra🇺🇸 · Yongchao Zhang🇨🇳

    We propose a simple interpretation of the $\gamma \gamma$ excesses reported by both CMS and ATLAS groups at 95 GeV together with the LEP excess in the $Zb\bar{b}$ channel around the same mass in terms of a neutral scalar field in the minimal left-right symmetric model (LRSM). We point out that the scalar field which implements the seesaw mechanism for neutrino masses has all the right properties to explain these observations, without introducing any extra scalar fields. The key point is that this scalar particle is hardly constrained because it couples only to heavy right-handed particles. As a result, the diphoton decay mode receives contributions from both mixing with the Standard Model (SM) Higgs and the heavy charged bosons in the LRSM, depending on the $SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry breaking scale $v_R$. The complete allowed parameter space for explaining the 95 GeV excesses in this model can be probed with the high-precision measurements of the SM Higgs mixing with other scalars at the high-luminosity LHC and future Higgs factories.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·37 citations
19. 19*

    Probing ultralight dark fields in cosmological and astrophysical systems

    Hong-Yi Zhang🇺🇸

    Dark matter constitutes $26\%$ of the total energy in our universe, but its nature remains elusive. Among the assortment of viable dark matter candidates, particles and fields with masses lighter than $40\mathrm{eV}$, called ultralight dark matter, stand out as particularly promising thanks to their feasible production mechanisms, consistency with current observations, and diverse and testable predictions. In light of ongoing and forthcoming experimental and observational efforts, it is important to advance the understanding of ultralight dark matter from theoretical and phenomenological perspectives: How does it interact with itself, ordinary matter, and gravity? What are some promising ways to detect it? In this thesis, we aim to explore the dynamics and interaction of ultralight dark matter and other astrophysically accessible hypothetical fields in a relatively model-independent way. Without making specific assumptions about their ultraviolet physics, we first demonstrate a systematic approach for constructing a classical effective field theory for both scalar and vector dark fields and discuss conditions for its validity. Then, we explore the interaction of ultralight dark fields, both gravitational and otherwise, within various contexts such as nontopological solitons, neutron stars, and gravitational waves.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE8 citations
20. 20*

    The search for dark matter candidate, ALP, together with CP-odd Higgs boson and tau leptons at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV

    Tetiana Obikhod🇺🇦 · Ievgenii Petrenko🇺🇦

    The cosmological observations of gravitational lenses, cosmic microwave background, rotation speed of stars in galaxies confirm the existence of about 27% dark matter in the Universe. The nature of these particles is unknown, however, there are theoretical models Beyond the Standard Model (BSM), such as superstrings and D-branes, which predict new particles of type WIMPs, dilatons, axions, etc. Experiments to search for such particles are being actively carried out both in space and on modern accelerators, and unambiguous information regarding the type of particles has not yet been identified.

    hep-phProb.Atomic Sci.Technol. (2024), 3(151), …·0 citations
21. 21*

    Final COMPASS results on the transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the pion-induced Drell-Yan process

    G. D. Alexeev · M. G. Alexeev · C. Alice · A. Amoroso · V. Andrieux · V. Anosov · K. Augsten · W. Augustyniak · C. D. R. Azevedo · B. Badelek · J. Barth · R. Beck and 172 other authors

    The COMPASS Collaboration performed measurements of the Drell-Yan process in 2015 and 2018 using a 190 GeV/c ${\pi }^{-}$ beam impinging on a transversely polarised ammonia target. Combining the data of both years, we present final results on the amplitudes of the five azimuthal modulations in the dimuon production cross section. Three of these transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries (TSAs) probe the nucleon leading-twist Sivers, transversity, and pretzelosity transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs). The other two are induced by subleading effects. These TSAs provide unique new inputs for the study of the nucleon TMD PDFs and their universality properties. In particular, the Sivers TSA observed in this measurement is consistent with the fundamental QCD prediction of a sign change of naive time-reversal-odd TMD PDFs when comparing the Drell-Yan process with semi-inclusive measurements of deep inelastic scattering. Also, within the context of model predictions, the observed transversity TSA is consistent with the expectation of a sign change for the Boer-Mulders function.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2024)·28 citations
22. 22*

    Hyperon Physics at BESIII

    Xiongfei Wang (on the hehalf of BESIII Collaboration)🇨🇳

    The BESIII detector on the BEPCII collider collected the world's largest dataset at the peaks of $J/\psi$, $\psi (3686)$ and $\psi (3770)$. The use of polarization and entanglement states in multidimensional angular distribution analysis can provide new probes to the production and decay characteristics of hyperon anti hyperon pairs. In a recent series of studies, significant transverse polarization in hyperon decay has been observed in $J/\psi$, $\psi (3686)$ decaying into the $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$, ${\Sigma }^{+}{\bar{\Sigma }}^{-}$, ${\Xi }^0{\bar{\Xi }}^0$ and ${\Xi }^{-}{\bar{\Xi }}^{+}$ final states. The weak decay parameters of hyperons and antihyperons are also independently determined for the first time. The most accurate testing for direct $CP$ violation has been achieved based on the measured weak decay parameters.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2024)·2 citations
23. 23*

    Signatures of inhomogeneous dark matter annihilation on 21-cm

    Junsong Cang🇨🇳 · Yu Gao🇨🇳 · Yin-Zhe Ma🇿🇦

    The energy released from dark matter (DM) annihilation leads to additional ionization and heating of the intergalactic gas, impacting the hydrogen 21-cm signal during the cosmic dawn. The dark matter annihilation rate scales with its density squared and becomes inhomogeneously boosted with structure formation. This paper examines the inhomogeneity in DM annihilation rate induced by the growth of DM halo structures, and we show that this effect can significantly amplify the spatial fluctuations in temperature and ionization fraction of the gas. Consequently, the fluctuations in the 21-cm brightness temperature may also be enhanced. We showcase these effects for a DM mass of 100 MeV annihilating into ${\mathrm{e}}^{-}{\mathrm{e}}^{+}$ at a rate of $⟨\sigma v⟩/m_{\chi }\sim 10^{-27}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^3{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$, which is consistent with current constraints set by the cosmic microwave background. We find that, compared to the homogeneous calculations, inhomogeneous annihilation can enhance the 21-cm power spectrum by up to a factor of 130 over the scales of $k\in [0.05,3]\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-1}$ at redshifts $11-16$. Such signatures could potentially be detected by upcoming radio observatories such as the Square Kilometer Array telescope.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Probing warm and mixed dark matter models using lensing shift power spectrum

    Kaiki Taro Inoue🇯🇵 · Takumi Shinohara🇯🇵 · Teruaki Suyama🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵

    We argue that the lensing power spectrum of astrometric shift (lensing shift power spectrum) is a powerful tool of the clustering property of dark matter on subgalactic scales. First we give the formalism to probe the nature of dark matter by using the lensing shift power spectrum. Then, leveraging recent measurements of the lensing shift power spectrum on an angular scale of approximately $1$arcsec towards the gravitationally lensed quasar MGJ0414+0534 at the redshift of $z_S=2.639$, we place constraints on the mass of warm dark matter (WDM) particles $m_{\mathrm{WDM}}$ and their fraction in a mixed dark matter (MDM) model $r_{\mathrm{WDM}}$, in which WDM and cold dark matter coexist. Although the constraint derived from the above single lensing system is not as strong as the existing constraints, as we show in this paper, the lensing shift power spectrum has a great potential to obtain much tighter constraints on WDM and MDM models through future observations, highlighting the importance of well-controlled systematic error considerations for achieving enhanced precision.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Probing interacting dark sector models with future weak lensing-informed galaxy cluster abundance constraints from SPT-3G and CMB-S4

    Asmaa Mazoun🇩🇪 · Sebastian Bocquet🇩🇪 · Mathias Garny🇩🇪 · Joseph J. Mohr🇩🇪 · Henrique Rubira🇩🇪 · Sophie M. L. Vogt🇩🇪

    We forecast the sensitivity of ongoing and future galaxy cluster abundance measurements to detect deviations from the cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm. Concretely, we consider a class of dark sector models that feature an interaction between dark matter and a dark radiation species (IDM-DR). This setup can be naturally realized by a non-Abelian gauge symmetry and has the potential to explain $S_8$ tensions arising within $\Lambda$CDM. We create mock catalogs of the ongoing SPT-3G as well as the future CMB-S4 surveys of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (tSZE). Both datasets are complemented with cluster mass calibration from next-generation weak gravitational lensing data (ngWL) like those expected from the Euclid mission and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We consider an IDM-DR scenario with parameters chosen to be in agreement with Planck 2018 data and that also leads to a low value of $S_8$ as indicated by some local structure formation analyses. Accounting for systematic and stochastic uncertainties in the mass determination and the cluster tSZE selection, we find that both SPT-3G$\times$ngWL and CMB-S4$\times$ngWL cluster data will be able to discriminate this IDM-DR model from $\Lambda$CDM, and thus test whether dark matter - dark radiation interactions are responsible for lowering $S_8$. Assuming IDM-DR, we forecast that the temperature of the dark radiation can be determined to about 40% (10%) with SPT-3G$\times$ngWL (CMB-S4$\times$ngWL), considering 68% credibility, while $S_8$ can be recovered with percent-level accuracy. Furthermore, we show that IDM-DR can be discriminated from massive neutrinos, and that cluster counts will be able to constrain the dark radiation temperature to be below $\sim 10$ (at 95% credibility) of the cosmic microwave background temperature if the true cosmological model is $\Lambda$CDM.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·12 citations
26. 26*

    Enhancement of deuteron production in jets

    Stanislaw Mrowczynski🇵🇱

    A strong enhancement of deuteron production in jets has been recently observed in proton-proton collisions at LHC. We show that the effect is due to two independent factors: a collimation of jet nucleons and a smallness of nucleon source which is significantly smaller than a deuteron.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phActa Phys.Polon.B(2024)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Some exact Green function solutions for non-linear classical field theories

    Marco Frasca🇮🇹 · Stefan Groote🇪🇪

    We consider some non-linear non-homogeneous partial differential equations (PDEs) and derive their exact Green function solution as a functional Taylor expansion in powers of the source. The kind of PDEs we consider are dispersive ones where the exact solution of the corresponding homogeneous equations can have some known shape. The technique has a formal similarity with the Dyson--Schwinger set of equations to solve quantum field theories. However, there are no physical constraints. Indeed, we show that a complete coincidence with the statistical field model of a quartic scalar theory can be achieved in the Gaussian expansion of the cumulants of the partition function.

    ↳ math-phhep-phhep-thmath.MPSymmetry(2024)·4 citations
28. 28*

    Fermion-Monopole Scattering in the Standard Model

    Marieke van Beest🇺🇸 · Philip Boyle Smith🇯🇵 · Diego Delmastro🇺🇸 · Rishi Mouland🇬🇧 · David Tong🇬🇧

    We study the scattering of fermions off 't Hooft lines in the Standard Model. A long-standing paradox suggests that the outgoing fermions necessarily carry fractional quantum numbers. In a previous paper, we resolved this paradox in the context of a number of toy models where we showed that the outgoing radiation is created by operators that are attached to a co-dimension 1 topological surface. This shifts the quantum numbers of the outgoing states associated to non-anomalous symmetries to be integer valued as required, while the quantum numbers associated to anomalous symmetries are fractional. Here we apply these ideas to the Standard Model.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phJHEP(2024)·43 citations
29. 29*

    Towards natural and realistic $E_7$ GUTs in F-theory

    Shing Yan Li🇺🇸 · Washington Taylor🇺🇸

    We consider phenomenological aspects of a natural class of Standard Model-like supersymmetric F-theory vacua realized through flux breaking of rigid $E_7$ gauge factors. Three generations of Standard Model matter are realized in many of these vacua. We further find that many other Standard Model-like features are naturally compatible with these constructions. For example, dimension-4 and 5 terms associated with proton decay are ubiquitously suppressed. Many of these features are due to the group theoretical structure of $E_7$ and associated F-theory geometry. In particular, a set of approximate global symmetries descends from the $E_7$ group, leading to exponential suppression of undesired couplings.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath.AGJHEP(2024)·8 citations
30. 30*

    Scalar-Scaffolded Gluons and the Combinatorial Origins of Yang-Mills Theory

    Nima Arkani-Hamed🇺🇸 · Qu Cao🇨🇳 · Jin Dong🇨🇳 · Carolina Figueiredo🇺🇸 · Song He🇨🇳

    We present a new formulation for Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes in any number of dimensions and at any loop order, based on the same combinatorial and binary-geometric ideas in kinematic space recently used to give an all-order description of Tr ${\varphi }^3$ theory. We propose that in a precise sense the amplitudes for a suitably "stringy" form of these two theories are identical, up to a simple shift of kinematic variables. This connection is made possible by describing the amplitudes for $n$ gluons via a "scalar scaffolding", arising from the scattering of $2n$ colored scalars coming in $n$ distinct pairs of flavors fusing to produce the gluons. Fundamental properties of the "$u$-variables", describing the "binary geometry" for surfaces appearing in the topological expansion, magically guarantee that the kinematically shifted Tr ${\varphi }^3$ amplitudes satisfy the physical properties needed to be interpreted as scaffolded gluons. These include multilinearity, gauge invariance, and factorization on tree- and loop- level gluon cuts. Our "stringy" scaffolded gluon amplitudes coincide with amplitudes in the bosonic string for extra-dimensional gluon polarizations at tree-level, but differ (and are simpler) at loop-level. We provide many checks on our proposal, including matching non-trivial leading singularities through two loops. The simple counting problem underlying the $u$ variables autonomously "knows" about everything needed to convert colored scalar to gluon amplitudes, exposing a striking "discovery" of Yang-Mills amplitudes from elementary combinatorial ideas in kinematic space.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·74 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.