HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Dec 29, 2023Friday·December 29, 2023

41 papers—24 primary·17 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Gravitational Waves from Inflaton Decay and Bremsstrahlung
Anna Tokareva🇨🇳
The concept of early Universe inflation resolves several problems of hot Big Bang theory and quantitatively explains the origin of the inhomogeneities in the present Universe. However, it is not possible to arrange inflation in a scalar field model with renormalizable potential, such that it would not contradict the recent Planck data. For this reason, inflaton must have also higher derivative couplings suppressed at least by the Planck scale. We show that these couplings may be relevant during reheating and lead to non-negligible production of gravitons. We consider the possibility that the unitarity breaking scale for the model of inflation is lower than the Planck scale and compute production of gravitons during reheating, due to the inflaton decay to two gravitons and graviton bremsstrahlung process. The spectrum of produced gravitons is crucially dependent on reheating temperature and inflaton mass. We find that for low reheating temperature decay to gravitons lead to significant amount of dark radiation. Confronting this result with CMB constraints, we find reheating dependent bounds on the unitarity breaking scale. We also compare the obtained gravitational wave signals with the projected limits of future high frequency gravitational wave experiments.
hep-phgr-qchep-thPLB(2024)·40 citations
02*
$e^{+} e^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} Λ ˉ_{c}^{-}$ cross sections and the $Λ_{c}^{+}$ electromagnetic form factors within the extended vector meson dominance model
Cheng Chen🇨🇳 · Bing Yan🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳
Within the extended vector meson dominance model, we investigate the $e^{+} e^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} Λ ˉ_{c}^{-}$ reaction and the electromagnetic form factors of the charmed baryon $Λ_{c}^{+}$ . The model parameters are determined by fitting them to the cross sections of the process $e^{+} e^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} Λ ˉ_{c}^{-}$ and the magnetic form factor $∣ G_{M} ∣$ of $Λ_{c}^{+}$ . By considering four charmoniumlike states, called $ψ (4500)$ , $ψ (4660)$ , $ψ (4790)$ , and $ψ (4900)$ , we can well describe the current data on the $e^{+} e^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} Λ ˉ_{c}^{-}$ reaction from the reaction threshold up to $4.96 GeV$ . In addition to the total cross sections and $∣ G_{M} ∣$ , the ratio $∣ G_{E} / G_{M} ∣$ and effective form factor $∣ G_{eff} ∣$ for $Λ_{c}^{+}$ are also calculated, and found that these calculations are consistent with the experimental data. Within the fitted model parameters, we have also estimated the charge radius of the charmed $Λ_{c}^{+}$ baryon.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thChin.Phys.Lett.(2024)·15 citations
03*
Light-by-Light Scattering at Next-to-Leading Order in QCD and QED
Ajjath A H🇫🇷 · Ekta Chaubey🇩🇪 · Mathijs Fraaije🇨🇭 · Valentin Hirschi🇨🇭 · Hua-Sheng Shao🇫🇷
The recent experimental observation of Light-by-Light (LbL) scattering at the Large Hadron Collider has revived interest in this fundamental process, and especially of the accurate prediction of its cross-section, which we present here for the first time at Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) in both QCD and QED. We compare two radically different computational approaches, both exact in the fermion mass dependence, thus offering a strong cross-check of our results. The first approach is a fully analytic method to calculate compact and well-organized two-loop helicity amplitudes. The second one is entirely numerical and leverages the Local Unitarity construction. Our two calculations agree with each other and conclude that including the exact fermion mass contribution typically increases the size of the NLO corrections. Moreover, we find that the exact result converges slowly to the massless limit of the high-energy regime, thus emphasizing the importance of including the full mass dependence at NLO. We also compare our results with the ATLAS measurement of LbL in ultra-peripheral lead-lead collisions, and find that the inclusion of exact NLO corrections reduces, but does not eliminate, the existing tension with theoretical predictions.
hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PLB(2024)·33 citations
04*
Two-loop massive QCD and QED helicity amplitudes for light-by-light scattering
Ajjath A H🇫🇷 · Ekta Chaubey🇩🇪 · Hua-Sheng Shao🇫🇷
We present the analytic and compact two-loop helicity amplitudes for QCD and QED corrections to the light-by-light scattering process with massive internal fermions. We express the master integrals either in terms of multiple polylogarithms or in terms of iterated integrals with dlog one-forms. We also elaborate on optimizing the analytic results for each phase-space region. This makes the numerical evaluation of the scattering amplitudes fast, stable and suitable for phenomenological applications.
hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2024)·25 citations
05*
Neutrino Mass Measurement with Cosmic Gravitational Focusing
Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Pedro Pasquini🇯🇵 · Liang Tan🇨🇳
We thoroughly explore the cosmic gravitational focusing of cosmic neutrino fluid (C $ν$ F) by dark matter (DM) halo using both general relativity for a point source of gravitational potential and Boltzmann equations for continuous overdensities. Derived in the general way for both relativistic and non-relativistic neutrinos, our results show that the effect has fourth power dependence on the neutrino mass and temperature. With nonlinear mass dependence which is different from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and large scale structure (LSS) observations, the cosmic gravitational focusing can provide an independent cosmological way of measuring the neutrino mass and ordering. We take DESI as an example to illustrate that the projected sensitivity as well as its synergy with existing terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments and other cosmological observations can significantly improve the neutrino mass measurement.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·6 citations
06*
Present status and future prospects of neutrino oscillation experiments
Monojit Ghosh🇭🇷
In this proceeding we discuss the status of the currently running experiments and the capability of the future proposed experiments to study neutrino oscillation. In particular, we discuss the current results of the accelerator-based long-baseline experiments in the standard three-flavour scenario and for a scenario where one assumes the existence of a light sterile neutrino at the eV scale in addition to the three active neutrinos. Further, we also discuss the capability of the future long-baseline experiments to study these scenarios.
hep-phhep-exActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2024)·1 citation
07*
Mass spectrum of spin-one hadrons in dense two-color QCD: Novel predictions by extended linear sigma model
Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵 · Kotaro Murakami🇯🇵 · Etsuko Itou🇯🇵 · Kei Iida🇯🇵
We construct an extended version of the linear sigma model in such a way as to describe spin- $1$ hadrons as well as spin- $0$ hadrons in two-color QCD (QC $_{2}$ D) by respecting the Pauli-Gürsey $S U (4)$ symmetry. Within a mean-field approximation, we therefrom examine a mass spectrum of the spin- $1$ hadrons at finite quark chemical potential ( $μ_{q}$ ) and zero temperature. Not only mean fields of scalar mesons and scalar-diquark baryons but also of vector mesons and vector-diquark baryons are incorporated. As a result, we find that, unless all of those four types of mean fields are taken into account, neither lattice result for the critical $μ_{q}$ that corresponds to the onset of baryon superfluidity nor for $μ_{q}$ dependence of the pion mass can be reproduced. We also find that a slight suppression of the $ρ$ meson mass in the superfluid phase, which was suggested by the lattice simulation, is reproduced by subtle mixing effects between spin- $0$ and spin- $1$ hadrons. Moreover, we demonstrate the emergence of an axialvector condensed phase and possibly of a vector condensed phase by identifying the values of $μ_{q}$ at which the corresponding hadron masses vanish. The possible presence of iso-triplet $1^{-}$ diquarks that may be denoted by a tensor-type quark bilinear field is also discussed.
hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2024)·14 citations
08*
Simulation of $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation with quark spin effects
A. Kerbizi🇮🇹 · L. Lönnblad🇸🇪 · A. Martin🇮🇹
The quark spin effects are introduced for the first time in the string fragmentation routine of the Pythia 8 Monte Carlo event generator for the simulation of $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation to hadrons. To describe the spin effects the string+ $^{3} P_{0}$ model of polarized hadronization with emissions of pseudoscalar and vector mesons is used. The spin effects are activated in the generator by extending the StringSpinner package, previously applied to the simulation of deep inelastic scattering off a polarized nucleon. The generator is used to carry out simulations of $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation at the center of mass energy of $10.6 GeV$ . The Collins asymmetry for back-to-back pion pairs is evaluated and compared to the asymmetry as measured by the BELLE experiment. A satisfactory agreement is found.
hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
09*
Axion Dark Matter and additional BSM aspects in an extended 2HDM setup
Giorgio Arcadi🇮🇹 · Sarif Khan🇩🇪
We illustrate and discuss the phenomenology of a model featuring a two-Higgs doublet sector augmented by two $S U (2)$ singlet scalars. The gauge symmetry group is extended as well with a $U (1)_{B_{i} - L_{i}}$ component whose spontaneous breaking leads to the gauge boson which has an important effect in the muon (g-2). A global PQ symmetry is introduced upon its breaking we have the axion particle which is also DM in our work. In particular, we have focussed on Type-X and Type-II 2HDM models and found out that (g-2) can not be explained only by the scalar sector for Type-II 2HDM mainly due to stringent constraint from $b \to s γ$ resulted in $M_{H^{\pm}} > 800$ GeV. For Type-II 2HDM, we can have axion coupling with the gluons which generates the axion potential and possible explanation for the strong CP problem. The proposed model accommodates neutrino masses via the Type-I see-saw mechanism with an upper bound on the right-handed neutrino mass 1 GeV (1 TeV) for Type-II (Type-X) 2HDM due to the presence of Planck scale suppressed operators. Moreover, we also have additional scalars which affect the oblique parameters and hence the W-boson mass which leads us to explain the W-boson mass observed at CDF-II detector. The most stringent constraints on the masses and quartic couplings come from the perturbativity and potential bound from below conditions which leads to fine-tuning among the parameters in part of the parameter space. Finally, we discuss the possible detection prospects of the axion DM and the additional gauge boson.
hep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
10*
Study of angular observables in exclusive semileptonic $B_{c}$ decays
Sonali Patnaik🇮🇳 · Lopamudra Nayak🇮🇳 · Priyanka Sadangi🇮🇳 · Sanjay Swain🇮🇳 · Rajeev Singh🇺🇸
In this work, we investigate angular observables such as the longitudinal polarization of charged leptons, $τ$ -polarization, and forward-backward asymmetry in semileptonic $B_{c}$ decays. Additionally, we provide predictions for lepton flavor violating observables, the $R$ ratios in the decay channels $B_{c} \to η_{c} (J / ψ) l ν_{l}$ and $B_{c} \to D (D^{*}) l ν_{l}$ across the entire $q^{2}$ region. Our analysis is conducted within the Relativistic Independent Quark Model, focusing on the potential model-dependent aspects of these observables. We compare our model predictions with existing lattice predictions, highlighting the strong applicability of our framework in describing $B_{c}$ decays. Considering the forthcoming experimental upgrades and the Run 3 data results on $B_{c}$ meson decays, rapid confirmation of these quantities could indicate significant discoveries of physics beyond the Standard Model. This will open up new avenues for understanding the complex flavor dynamics in heavy meson decays.
hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
11*
Next-to-next-to-leading order $QCD \otimes EW$ corrections to $Z$ -boson pair production at electron-positron colliders
Zhe Li🇨🇳 · Ren-You Zhang🇨🇳 · Shu-Xiang Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Feng Wang🇨🇳 · Pan-Feng Li🇨🇳 · Yi Jiang🇨🇳 · Liang Han🇨🇳 · Qing-hai Wang🇸🇬
We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order $QCD \otimes EW$ corrections to $Z$ -boson pair production at electron-positron colliders. The two-loop master integrals essential to this calculation are evaluated using the differential equation method. In this work, we detail the formulation and solution of the canonical differential equations for the two-loop three-point master integrals with two on-shell $Z$ -boson external legs and a massive internal quark in the loops. These canonical master integrals are systematically expanded as Taylor series in the dimensional regulator, $ϵ = (4 - d) /2$ , up to the order of $ϵ^{4}$ , with coefficients expressed in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight four. Upon applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of $Z$ -pair production, we observe that the $O (α α_{s})$ corrections manifest at a level of approximately one percent compared to the leading-order predictions, underscoring their significance for comparisons with future high-precision experimental data.
hep-phCPC(2025)·0 citations
12*
Imprints of light dark matter on the evolution of cosmic neutrinos
Isaac R. Wang🇺🇸 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳
Neutrinos are often considered as a portal to new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and might possess phenomenologically interesting interactions with dark matter (DM). This paper examines the cosmological imprints of DM that interacts with and is produced from SM neutrinos at temperatures below the MeV scale. We take a model-independent approach to compute the evolution of DM in this framework and present analytic results which agree well with numerical ones. Both freeze-in and freeze-out regimes are included in our analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the thermal evolution of neutrinos might be substantially affected by their interaction with DM. We highlight two distinctive imprints of such DM on neutrinos: (i) a large, negative contribution to $N_{eff}$ , which is close to the current experimental limits and will readily be probed by future experiments; (ii) spectral distortion of the cosmic neutrino background (C $ν$ B) due to DM annihilating into neutrinos, a potentially important effect for the ongoing experimental efforts to detect C $ν$ B.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·11 citations
13*
An EFT origin of Secluded Dark Matter
AseshKrishna Datta🇮🇳 · Sourov Roy🇮🇳 · Abhijit Kumar Saha🇮🇳 · Ananya Tapadar🇮🇳
The present study aims to unveil a scenario with a non-minimal secluded dark sector (DS) in an effective field theory (EFT) framework. To explore this, we have examined a suitable extension of the type-X Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) as a potential origin for the secluded DS. The DS comprises a dark matter (DM) candidate and a mediator particle ` $a$ ' and possesses some non-minimal characteristics. It becomes non-thermally populated through diverse dim-6 four-Fermi operators, effectively generated by integrating out the heavier Higgs particles. The analysis further focuses on the consequences of the collision processes $DM + a \leftrightarrow a + a$ and $DM + DM \leftrightarrow a + a$ occurring within the DS. We have investigated the significance of employing an EFT approach in tracking the temperature evolution of the DS. Within the present framework, the observed relic abundance of the DM can be realized through both dark freeze-out and freeze-in mechanisms. Further, we have delineated the permissible ranges of the relevant parameters, viz., the DM mass ( $m_{χ} ≳ 20 GeV$ ), the portal coupling ( $C_{τ} ≲ 1 0^{- 14} GeV^{- 2}$ ), and the DS coupling ( $λ ≲ 1 0^{- 6} GeV^{- 2}$ ) by taking into account the perturbativity of the involved couplings while reproducing the observed DM relic and complying with the bounds from a successful Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and $γ$ -ray searches.
hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
14*
Momentum spectrum of nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in space-time fields
Gianluca Degli Esposti🇩🇪 · Greger Torgrimsson🇸🇪
We show how to use a worldline-instanton formalism to calculate, to leading order in the weak-field expansion, the momentum spectrum of nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in fields that depend on time and one spatial coordinate. We find a nontrivial dependence on the width, $λ$ , of the photon wave packet, and the existence of a critical point $λ_{c}$ . For $λ < λ_{c}$ and a field with one peak, the spectrum has one peak where the electron and positron have the same energy. For $λ > λ_{c}$ this splits into two peaks. We calculate a high-energy ( $Ω ≫ 1$ ) expansion, which to leading order agrees with the results obtained by replacing the space-time field with a plane wave and using the well-known Volkov solutions. We also calculate an expansion for $Ω \sim a_{0} ≫ 1$ , where the field is strong enough to significantly bend the trajectories of the fermions despite $Ω ≫ 1$ .
hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·9 citations
15*
Gravitational Wave Signatures of a Chiral Fermion Dark Matter Model
Tomohiro Abe🇯🇵 · K.S. Babu🇺🇸 · Ajay Kaladharan🇺🇸
Theories in which the dark matter (DM) candidate is a fermion transforming chirally under a gauge symmetry are attractive, as the gauge symmetry would protect the DM mass. In such theories, the universe would have undergone a phase transition at early times that generated the DM mass upon spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry. In this paper, we explore the gravitational wave signals of a simple such theory based on an $SU (2)_{D}$ dark sector with a dark isospin- $3/2$ fermion serving as the DM candidate. This is arguably the simplest chiral theory possible. The scalar sector consists of a dark isospin- $3$ multiplet which breaks the $SU (2)_{D}$ gauge symmetry and also generates the DM mass. We construct the full thermal potential of the model and identify regions of parameter space which lead to detectable gravitational wave signals, arising from a strong first-order $SU (2)_{D}$ phase transition, in various planned space-based interferometers, while also being consistent with dark matter relic abundance. Bulk of the parameter space exhibiting detectable gravitational wave signals in the model also has large WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections, $σ_{SI}$ , which could be probed in upcoming direct detection experiments.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·8 citations
16*
Precision predictions for dark matter with DM@NLO in the MSSM
Julia Harz🇩🇪 · Björn Herrmann🇫🇷 · Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Karol Kovařík🇩🇪 · Luca Paolo Wiggering🇩🇪
We present DM@NLO, a Fortran 77 based program with a C++ interface dedicated to precision calculations of dark matter (DM) (co)annihilation cross-sections and elastic dark matter-nucleon scattering amplitudes in the Minimal Supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) at next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbative (SUSY) QCD. If the annihilating initial particles carry an electric or colour charge, the Sommerfeld enhanced cross section is included as well and can be matched to the NLO cross section. We review these calculations including technical details relevant for using the code. We illustrate their impact by applying DM@NLO to an example scenario in the constrained MSSM.
hep-phEPJC(2024)·13 citations
17*
Mixed $QCD \otimes EW$ corrections to charged Higgs pair production in THDM at electron-positron colliders
Zhi-Xing Zhang🇨🇳 · Ren-You Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhe Li🇨🇳 · Shu-Xiang Li🇨🇳 · Wen-Jie He🇨🇳 · Liang Han🇨🇳 · Qing-hai Wang🇸🇬
We calculate the two-loop mixed QCD $\otimes$ EW corrections for the charged Higgs boson pair production within the framework of four types of Two Higgs Doublet Models (THDMs) with the $Z_{2}$ symmetry. We analyze in detail the dependences of our results on physical parameters, including the charged Higgs mass, $tan β$ , the scattering angle, and the colliding energy. It is noticeable that the mixed QCD $\otimes$ EW relative correction is independent of the scattering angle due to the topology of Feynman diagrams at $O (α α_{s})$ . Numerical results in most allowed regions of four types of THDMs are provided in the density plots on the $m_{H^{\pm}}$ - $tan β$ plane. For type-I and type-X, the mixed QCD $\otimes$ EW relative correction varies slightly near $1%$ except in the vicinity of resonance. For type-II and type-Y, the corrections increase consistently in large $tan β$ region and reach up to $11.5%$ at $tan β = 50$ . We also compute the $O (α)$ corrections to obtain the corrected cross section up to $O (α α_{s})$ . The numerical results show that the corrected cross section can be larger than $80 fb$ in some parameter space region for type-I and type-X THDMs.
hep-ph0 citations
18*
Next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to pion electromagnetic form factors
Long-Bin Chen🇨🇳 · Wen Chen🇨🇳 · Feng Feng🇨🇳 · Yu Jia🇨🇳
We investigate the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD radiative corrections to the pion electromagnetic form factor with large momentum transfer. We explicitly verify the validity of the collinear factorization to two-loop order for this observable, and obtain the respective IR-finite two-loop hard-scattering kernel in the closed form. The NNLO QCD correction turns to be positive and significant. Incorporating this new ingredient of correction, we then make a comprehensive comparison between the finest theoretical predictions and numerous pion form factor measurements in both space-like and time-like regions. Our phenomenological analysis provides strong constraint on the second Gegenbauer moment of the pion light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) obtained from recent lattice QCD studies.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPRL(2024)·22 citations
19*
Dark matter freeze-in from non-equilibrium QFT: towards a consistent treatment of thermal effects
Mathias Becker🇩🇪 · Emanuele Copello🇩🇪 · Julia Harz🇩🇪 · Carlos Tamarit🇩🇪
We study thermal corrections to a model of real scalar dark matter (DM) interacting feebly with a SM fermion and a gauge-charged vector-like fermion mediator. We employ the Closed-Time-Path (CTP) formalism for our calculation and go beyond previous works by including the full dependence on the relevant mass scales as opposed to using (non)relativistic approximations. In particular, we calculate the DM production rate by employing 1PI-resummed propagators constructed from the leading order term in the loop expansion of the 2PI effective action, beyond the Hard-Thermal-Loop (HTL) approximation. We compare our findings to commonly used approximation schemes, including solving the Boltzmann equation using momentum-independent thermal masses in decay processes and as regulators for $t$ -channel divergences. We also compare with the result when employing HTL propagators and their tree-level limit. We find that the DM relic abundance when using thermal masses in the Boltzmann approach deviates between $- 10%$ and $+ 30%$ from our calculation, where the size and sign strongly depend on the mass splitting between the DM candidate and the gauge-charged mediator. The HTL-approximated result is more accurate at small gauge couplings, only deviating by a few percent at large mass splittings, whereas it overestimates the relic density up to $25%$ for small mass splittings. Calculations using tree-level propagators in the CTP formalism or semiclassical Boltzmann equations without scatterings underestimate the dark matter abundance and can lead to deviations of up to $- 100%$ from the 1PI-resummed result.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·19 citations
20*
Dynamical origin of universal two-pole structures and their light quark mass evolution
Jia-Ming Xie🇨🇳 · Jun-Xu Lu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳
Two-pole structures refer to the fact that two dynamically generated states are located close to each other between two coupled channels and have a mass difference smaller than the sum of their widths. Thus, the two poles overlap in the invariant mass distribution of their decay products, creating the impression that only one state exists. This phenomenon was first noticed for the $Λ (1405)$ and the $K_{1} (1270)$ , and then for several other states. This report explicitly shows how the two-pole structures emerge from the underlying universal chiral dynamics describing the coupled-channel interactions between a heavy matter particle and a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson. Furthermore, we predict similar two-pole structures in other systems dictated by chiral symmetry, such as the isospin $1/2$ $K ˉ Σ_{c} - π Ξ_{c}^{'}$ coupled channel, awaiting experimental discoveries.
hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·6 citations
21*
Empirical fits to inclusive electron-carbon scattering data obtained by deep-learning methods
Beata E. Kowal🇵🇱 · Krzysztof M. Graczyk🇵🇱 · Artur M. Ankowski🇵🇱 · Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee🇵🇱 · Hemant Prasad🇵🇱 · Jan T. Sobczyk🇵🇱
Employing the neural network framework, we obtain empirical fits to the electron-scattering cross sections for carbon over a broad kinematic region, extending from the quasielastic peak through resonance excitation to the onset of deep-inelastic scattering. We consider two different methods of obtaining such model-independent parametrizations and the corresponding uncertainties: based on the bootstrap approach and the Monte Carlo dropout approach. In our analysis, the $χ^{2}$ defines the loss function, including point-to-point and normalization uncertainties for each independent set of measurements. Our statistical approaches lead to fits of comparable quality and similar uncertainties of the order of $7$ %. To test these models, we compare their predictions to test datasets excluded from the training process and theoretical predictions obtained within the spectral function approach. The predictions of both models agree with experimental measurements and theoretical calculations. We also perform a comparison to a dataset lying beyond the covered kinematic region, and find that the bootstrap approach shows better interpolation and extrapolation abilities than the one based on the dropout algorithm.
hep-phcs.LGhep-exnucl-ex+1PRC(2024)·9 citations
22*
CP-Violating Axions: A Theory Review
Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Hector Gisbert🇮🇹 · Gabriele Levati🇮🇹 · Paride Paradisi🇮🇹 · Philip Sørensen🇮🇹
We review the physics case for CP-violating axions. In the first part, we focus on the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) axion and argue that new sources of CP violation beyond QCD misalign the axion solution to the strong CP problem and can manifest themselves via a tiny scalar axion-nucleon component. We hence highlight recent advancements in calculating this scalar axion-nucleon coupling, a parameter that could be probed via axion-mediated force experiments. In the second part, we focus on axion-like particle (ALP) interactions entailing the most general sources of CP violation. After classifying the full set of CP-violating Jarlskog invariants, we report on recent calculations of ALP contributions to permanent electric dipole moments. We finally speculate on possible ultraviolet completions of the CP-violating ALP.
hep-ph32 citations
23*
Combined Explanation of LHC Multi-Lepton, Di-Photon and Top-Quark Excesses
Guglielmo Coloretti🇨🇭 · Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Bruce Mellado🇿🇦
The LHC analyses of processes containing two or more leptons and missing energy, possibly in association with b-jets, show strong tensions with the Standard Model predictions and are known as multi-lepton anomalies. In particular, top-quark differential distributions point towards the associated production of new Higgs bosons decaying into bottom quarks and W bosons ( $> 5 σ$ ) with masses consistent with the di-photon excesses at 95GeV and 152GeV ( $3.8 σ$ and $4.9 σ$ , respectively). Furthermore, CMS found indications for resonant top-quark pair production at 400GeV ( $3.5 σ$ ) and both ATLAS and CMS reported elevated four-top and ttW cross-sections. In this article, we propose a combined explanation of these excesses by supplementing the SM Higgs with a second scalar doublet, a real scalar singlet ( $S$ ) and a Higgs triplet with $Y = 0$ ( $Δ$ ); the $Δ$ 2HDMS. We fix the masses of the neutral triplet-like and the singlet-like scalars by the di-photon excesses, i.e. $m_{Δ^{0}} = 152$ GeV and $m_{S} = 95$ GeV, respectively. Here, H, the CP-even component of the second doublet, is produced via gluon fusion from a top-loop and decays dominantly to $S + Δ^{0}$ whose subsequent decays to WW and bb explain the differential top-quark distributions for $σ (pp \to H \to S Δ^{0}) \approx 6$ pb. Fixing the top-Yukawa accordingly, the CP-odd Higgs boson A turns out to have the right production cross-section to account for the resonant top-pair excess at 400GeV, while the top-associated production of H and A results in new physics pollution of Standard Model ttW and four-top cross sections, as preferred by the data. Furthermore, a positive shift in the W mass is naturally induced by the vacuum expectation value of the triplet and we show that the most relevant signal strengths of the 152GeV boson are compatible with the process $pp \to H \to Δ^{0} S$ if S is allowed to decay invisibly.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·38 citations
24*
Flavor Matters, but Matter Flavors: Matter Effects on Flavor Composition of Astrophysical Neutrinos
P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Sudip Jana🇩🇪 · Yago Porto🇧🇷
We show that high-energy astrophysical neutrinos produced in the cores of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can undergo strong matter effects, thus significantly influencing their source flavor ratios. In particular, matter effects can completely modify the standard interpretation of the flavor ratio measurements in terms of the physical processes occurring in the sources (e.g., $pp$ versus $p γ$ , full pion-decay chain versus muon-damped pion decay). We contrast our results with the existing flavor ratio measurements at IceCube, as well as with projections for next-generation neutrino telescopes like IceCube-Gen2. Signatures of these matter effects in neutrino flavor composition would not only bring more evidence for neutrino production in central AGN regions, but would also be a powerful probe of heavily Compton-thick AGNs, which escape conventional observation in $X$ -rays and other electromagnetic wavelengths.
hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2025)·17 citations
25*
Von Neumann entropy and Lindblad decoherence in the high energy limit of strong interactions
G. Chachamis🇵🇹 · M. Hentschinski🇲🇽 · A. Sabio Vera🇪🇸
Quantum properties of the state associated to the gluon Green's function in the BFKL approach are studied using a discretization in virtuality space. Considering the coupling constant as imaginary, its density matrix corresponds to a pure state for any energy. Non-linear corrections due to high gluon densities are modelled through a suppression of infrared modes in the Hamiltonian making it no longer hermitian. This introduces quantum decoherence into the evolution equation. When the coupling is real this leads to unbounded normalization of states which becomes bounded for sufficient saturation of infrared modes. Physical quantum properties, such as a purity smaller than one or a positive von Neumann entropy, hence are recovered when the infrared/ultraviolet original symmetry of the formalism is broken. Similarly to the work of Armesto, Dom{\'ı}nguez, Kovner, Lublinsky and Skokov in arXiv:1901.08080, an evolution equation of Lindblad type for the normalized density matrix describing the open system is obtained.
↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·11 citations
26*
Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
Thomas T. Dumitrescu🇺🇸 · Po-Shen Hsin🇺🇸
In gauge theories with fundamental matter there is typically no sharp way to distinguish confining and Higgs regimes, e.g. using generalized global symmetries acting on loop order parameters. It is standard lore that these two regimes are continuously connected, as has been explicitly demonstrated in certain lattice and continuum models. We point out that Higgsing and confinement sometimes lead to distinct symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases -- necessarily separated by a phase transition -- for ordinary global symmetries. We present explicit examples in 3+1 dimensions, obtained by adding elementary Higgs fields and Yukawa couplings to QCD while preserving parity P and time reversal T. In a suitable scheme, the confining phases of these theories are trivial SPTs, while their Higgs phases are characterized by non-trivial P- and T-invariant theta-angles $θ_{f}, θ_{g} = π$ for flavor or gravity background gauge fields, i.e. they are topological insulators or superconductors. Finally, we consider conventional three-flavor QCD (without elementary Higgs fields) at finite $U (1)_{B}$ baryon-number chemical potential $μ_{B}$ , which preserves P and T. At very large $μ_{B}$ , three-flavor QCD is known to be a completely Higgsed color superconductor that also spontaneously breaks $U (1)_{B}$ . We argue that this high-density phase is in fact a gapless SPT, with a gravitational theta-angle $θ_{g} = π$ that safely co-exists with the $U (1)_{B}$ Nambu-Goldstone boson. We explain why this SPT motivates unexpected transitions in the QCD phase diagram, as well as anomalous surface modes at the boundary of quark-matter cores inside neutron stars.
↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-ph+1SciPost Phys.(2024)·27 citations
27*
Spin alignment of vector mesons by second-order hydrodynamic gradients
Avdhesh Kumar🇹🇼 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼
Starting with the polarization dependent Wigner function of vector mesons, we derive an expression for the 00-component ( $ρ_{00}$ ) of spin density matrix in terms of the second order gradients of the vector meson distribution functions. We further apply a thermal model to analyze the transverse momentum and the azimuthal angle dependence of $ρ_{00}$ for $ϕ$ and $K^{* 0}$ mesons resulting from distribution gradients in Au-Au collisions with $s_{N N} = 130$ GeV at mid-rapidity. Our results for the transverse momentum dependence indicate that the deviations of $ρ_{00}$ from $1/3$ as the signal for spin alignment are greatly enhanced at large transverse momenta and have a strong centrality dependence while analysis of the azimuthal angle ( $ϕ_{q}$ ) dependence suggest that such deviations have a $cos (2 ϕ_{q})$ structure with opposite sign for $ϕ$ and $K^{* 0}$ . Our finding may be considered as a baseline for probing spin-alignment mechanisms beyond hydrodynamic gradients.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2024)·35 citations
28*
Galaxy-galaxy lensing data: $f (T)$ gravity challenges General Relativity
Qingqing Wang🇨🇳 · Xin Ren🇨🇳 · Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Fu Cai🇨🇳 · Wentao Luo🇨🇳 · Emmanuel N. Saridakis🇬🇷
We use galaxy-galaxy lensing data to test General Relativity and $f (T)$ gravity at galaxies scales. We consider an exact spherically symmetric solution of $f (T)$ theory which is obtained from an approximate quadratic correction, and thus it is expected to hold for every realistic deviation from General Relativity. Quantifying the deviation by a single parameter $Q$ , and following the post-Newtonian approximation, we obtain the corresponding deviation in the gravitational potential, shear component, and effective excess surface density profile. We used five stellar mass samples and divided them into blue and red to test the model dependence on galaxy color, and we modeled the excess surface density (ESD) profiles using the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profiles. Based on the group catalog from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR7) we finally extract $Q = - 2.13 8_{- 0.516}^{+ 0.952} \times 1 0^{- 5}$ Mpc $^{- 2}$ at $1 σ$ confidence. This result indicates that $f (T)$ corrections on top of General Relativity are favored. Finally, we apply information criteria, such as the AIC and BIC ones, and although the dependence of $f (T)$ gravity on the off-center effect implies that its optimality needs to be carefully studied, our analysis shows that $f (T)$ gravity is more efficient in fitting the data comparing to General Relativity and $Λ$ CDM paradigm, and thus it offers a challenge to the latter.
↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-ph+1ApJ(2024)·11 citations
29*
Conformality of non-conformal correlators
Siddharth G. Prabhu🇮🇳
We show that position space correlators of a Poincare invariant quantum field theory can be recast in terms of conformally invariant correlators, in other words, as functions of conformal cross ratios. In particular, we show that correlators of massless fields in flat spacetimes with $n -$ point interactions can be expressed as position space soft limits of conformally invariant correlators with $(n + 1) -$ point interactions. We show that this correspondence applies at the level of every Feynman diagram that appears in the perturbative expansion of the correlators in the respective coupling constants. We apply this method to find exact answers for some Feynman diagrams including several loop examples. We also show that the analogous correlators for massive fields can be expressed as infinite sums of conformal correlators.
↳ hep-thhep-ph3 citations
30*
Axion dark matter with not quite black hole domination
Ufuk Aydemir🇹🇷
We investigate the effects of an early cosmological period dominated by primordial 2-2-holes on axion dark matter. The 2-2-holes emerge as a new family of horizonless classical solutions for ultracompact matter distributions in quadratic gravity, a candidate theory of quantum gravity. Thermal 2-2-holes, sourced by relativistic thermal gas, exhibit Hawking-like radiation and fulfill the entropy-area law before they become remnants with almost no radiation. In this paper, we consider the remnant contribution to dark matter (DM) small and adopt the axion DM scenario by the misalignment mechanism. We show that a 2-2-hole domination phase in the evolution of the universe changes the axion mass window obtained from the dark matter abundance constraints. The biggest effect occurs when the remnants have the Planck mass, which is the case for a strongly coupled quantum gravity. The change in abundance constraints for the Planck mass 2-2-hole remnants amounts to that of the primordial black hole (PBH) counterpart. Therefore, since we use the revised constraints from gravitational waves on the initial fraction of 2-2-holes, the results here can also be considered the updated version of the PBH case. As a result, the lower limit on the axion mass is found as $m_{a} \sim 1 0^{- 9}$ eV. Furthermore, the domination scenario itself constrains the remnant mass $M_{min}$ considerably. Given that we focus on the pre-BBN domination scenario in order not to interfere with BBN (Big Bang nucleosynthesis) constraints, the remnant mass window becomes $m_{Pl} ≲ M_{min} ≲ 0.1 g$ .
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phTurk.J.Phys.(2024)·0 citations
31*
Two-flavor color superconducting quark stars may not exist
Wen-Li Yuan🇨🇳 · Ang Li🇨🇳
Large uncertainties in the determinations of the equation of state of dense stellar matter allow the intriguing possibility that the bulk quark matter in beta equilibrium might be the true ground state of the matter at zero pressure. And quarks will form Cooper pairs very readily since the dominant interaction between quarks is attractive in some channels. As a result, quark matter will generically exhibit color superconductivity, with the favored pairing pattern at intermediately high densities being two-flavor pairing. In the light of several possible candidates for such self-bound quark stars, including the very low-mass central compact object in supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 reported recently, we carry out one field-theoretic model, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, of investigation on the stability of beta-stable two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase of quark matter, nevertheless find no physically-allowed parameter space for the existence of 2SC quark stars.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2024)·18 citations
32*
Extended Skyrme effective interactions for transport model and neutron stars
Si-Pei Wang🇨🇳 · Rui Wang🇮🇹 · Jun-Ting Ye🇨🇳 · Lie-Wen Chen🇨🇳
It is important to develop a unified theoretical framework to describe the nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations based on the same effective nuclear interactions. Based on the so-called Skyrme pseudopotential up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order, we construct a series of extended Skyrme interactions by modifying the density-dependent term and fitting the empirical nucleon optical potential up to above $1$ GeV, the empirical properties of isospin symmetric nuclear matter, the microscopic calculations of pure neutron matter and the properties of neutron stars from astrophysical observations. The modification of the density-dependent term in the extended Skyrme interactions follows the idea of Fermi momentum expansion and this leads to a highly flexible density behavior of the symmetry energy. In particular, the values of the density slope parameter $L$ of the symmetry energy for the new extended Skyrme interactions range from $L = - 5$ MeV to $L = 125$ MeV by construction, to cover the large uncertainty of the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Furthermore, in order to consider the effects of isoscalar and isovector nucleon effective masses, we adjust the momentum dependency of the single-nucleon optical potential and the symmetry potential of these new extended Skyrme interactions and construct a parameter set family, by which we systematically study the impacts of the symmetry energy and the nucleon effective masses on the properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars. The new extended Skyrme interactions constructed in the present work will be useful to determine the equation of state of isospin asymmetric nuclear matter, especially the symmetry energy, as well as the nucleon effective masses and their isospin splitting, in transport model simulations for heavy-ion collisions, nuclear structure calculations and neutron star studies.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·19 citations
33*
C-R-T Fractionalization, Fermions, and Mod 8 Periodicity
Zheyan Wan🇨🇳 · Juven Wang🇺🇸 · Shing-Tung Yau🇨🇳 · Yi-Zhuang You🇺🇸
Charge conjugation (C), mirror reflection (R), time reversal (T), and fermion parity $(- 1)^{F}$ are basic discrete spacetime and internal symmetries of the Dirac fermions. In this article, we determine the group, called the C-R-T fractionalization, which is a group extension of $Z_{2}^{C} \times Z_{2}^{R} \times Z_{2}^{T}$ by the fermion parity $Z_{2}^{F}$ , and its extension class in all spacetime dimensions $d$ , for a single-particle fermion theory. For Dirac fermions, with the canonical CRT symmetry $Z_{2}^{CRT}$ , the C-R-T fractionalization has two possibilities that only depend on spacetime dimensions $d$ modulo 8, which are order-16 nonabelian groups, including the famous Pauli group. For Majorana fermions, we determine the R-T fractionalization in all spacetime dimensions $d = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mod 8$ , an order-8 abelian or nonabelian group. For Weyl fermions, we determine the C or T fractionalization in all even spacetime dimensions $d$ , which is an order-4 abelian group. We only have an order-2 $Z_{2}^{F}$ group for Majorana-Weyl fermions. We determine the maximal number of linearly independent Dirac and Majorana mass terms and construct them explicitly. We also discuss how the conventional Dirac and Majorana mass terms break the symmetries C, R, or T. We study the domain wall dimensional reduction of the fermions and their C-R-T fractionalization: from $d$ -dim Dirac to $(d - 1)$ -dim Dirac or Weyl and from $d$ -dim Majorana to $(d - 1)$ -dim Majorana or Majorana-Weyl.
↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phmath-ph+1Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical …·8 citations
34*
Partial deconfinement in QCD at $N = 3$ and $N = \infty$
Masanori Hanada🇬🇧 · Hiroki Ohata🇯🇵 · Hidehiko Shimada🇯🇵 · Hiromasa Watanabe🇯🇵
We describe how the general mechanism of partial deconfinement applies to large- $N$ QCD and the partially-deconfined phase inevitably appears between completely-confined and completely-deconfined phases. Furthermore, we propose how the partial deconfinement can be observed in the real-world QCD with SU(3) gauge group. We propose the relationship between the behaviors of the Polyakov loop and other quantities. We test our proposal against lattice simulation data and find a nontrivial matching.
↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2024)·0 citations
35*
Cosmological Correlators at Finite Coupling
Lorenzo Di Pietro🇮🇹 · Victor Gorbenko🇨🇭 · Shota Komatsu🇨🇭
We study finite-coupling effects of QFT on a rigid de Sitter (dS) background taking the $O (N)$ vector model at large $N$ as a solvable example. Extending standard large $N$ techniques to the dS background, we analyze the phase structure and late-time four-point functions. Explicit computations reveal that the spontaneous breaking of continuous symmetries is prohibited due to strong IR effects, akin to flat two-dimensional space. Resumming loop diagrams, we compute the late-time four-point functions of vector fields at large $N$ , demonstrating that their spectral density is meromorphic in the spectral plane and positive along the principal series. These results offer highly nontrivial checks of unitarity and analyticity for cosmological correlators.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph33 citations
36*
Close encounters of the primordial kind: a new observable for primordial black holes as dark matter
Tung X. Tran🇺🇸 · Sarah R. Geller🇺🇸 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · David I. Kaiser🇺🇸
Primordial black holes (PBHs) remain a viable dark matter candidate in the asteroid-mass range. We point out that in this scenario, the PBH abundance would be large enough for at least one object to cross through the inner Solar System per decade. Since Solar System ephemerides are modeled and measured to extremely high precision, such close encounters could produce detectable perturbations to orbital trajectories with characteristic features. We evaluate this possibility with a suite of simple Solar System simulations, and we argue that the abundance of asteroid-mass PBHs can plausibly be probed by existing and near-future data.
↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.EPhep-phPRD(2024)·47 citations
37*
Static force from generalized Wilson loops on the lattice using the gradient flow
Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Viljami Leino🇩🇪 · Julian Mayer-Steudte🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪
The static QCD force from the lattice can be used to extract $Λ_{MS}$ , which determines the running of the strong coupling. Usually, this is done with a numerical derivative of the static potential. However, this introduces additional systematic uncertainties; thus, we use another observable to measure the static force directly. This observable consists of a Wilson loop with a chromoelectric field insertion. We work in the pure SU(3) gauge theory. We use gradient flow to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and to address the field insertion. We extract $Λ_{MS}^{n_{f} = 0}$ from the data by exploring different methods to perform the zero-flow-time limit. We obtain the value $8 t_{0} Λ_{MS}^{n_{f} = 0} = 0.62 9_{- 26}^{+ 22}$ , where $t_{0}$ is a flow-time reference scale. We also obtain precise determinations of several scales: $r_{0} / r_{1}$ , $8 t_{0} / r_{0}$ , $8 t_{0} / r_{1}$ and we compare these to the literature. The gradient flow appears to be a promising method for calculations of Wilson loops with chromoelectric and chromomagnetic insertions in quenched and unquenched configurations
↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·17 citations
38*
QGP Physics from Attractor Perturbations
Xin An🇵🇱 · Michał Spaliński🇵🇱
The strong longitudinal expansion characteristic of heavy-ion collisions leads to universal attractor behavior of the resulting drop of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) already at very early times. Assuming approximate boost invariance and neglecting transverse expansion at the initial time, we incorporate subsequent transverse dynamics of this system by linearizing the Mueller-Israel-Stewart theory around the transversely homogeneous attractor. The result is a system of coupled ordinary differential equations which describes the proper-time evolution of Fourier modes encoding the transverse structure of the initial energy deposition. The late-time asymptotic behavior of these solutions is described by transseries which make manifest the stability of the attractor against transverse perturbations. In this framework, information about the structure of the plasma in the transverse plane resides mostly in exponentially suppressed corrections to evolution along the attractor, which are not yet negligible at freeze-out. These findings also suggest a simple numerical approach to QGP dynamics using a finite number of Fourier modes. Physical observables can be expressed in terms of the asymptotic data evaluated at freeze-out. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by calculating the final multiplicity distributions and collective flow coefficients.
↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·8 citations
39*
Interacting supernovae as high-energy multimessenger transients
Kohta Murase🇺🇸
Multiwavelength observations have revealed that dense, confined circumstellar material (CCSM) commonly exists in the vicinity of supernova (SN) progenitors, suggesting enhanced mass losses years to centuries before their core collapse. Interacting SNe, which are powered or aided by interaction with the CCSM, are considered to be promising high-energy multimessenger transient sources. We present detailed results of broadband electromagnetic emission, following the time-dependent model proposed in the previous work on high-energy SN neutrinos [K. Murase, New prospects for detecting high-energy neutrinos from nearby supernovae, Phys. Rev. D 97, 081301(R) (2018)]. We investigate electromagnetic cascades in the presence of Coulomb losses, including inverse-Compton and synchrotron components that significantly contribute to MeV and high-frequency radio bands, respectively. We also discuss the application to SN 2023ixf.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·37 citations
40*
Emerging entanglement on network histories
Cecilia Giavoni🇩🇪 · Stefan Hofmann🇩🇪 · Maximilian Koegler🇩🇪
We show that quantum fields confined to Lorentzian histories of freely falling networks in Minkowski spacetime probe entanglement properties of vacuum fluctuations that extend unrestricted across spacetime regions. Albeit instantaneous field configurations are localized on one-dimensional edges, angular momentum emerges on these network histories and establish the celebrated area scaling of entanglement entropy.
↳ hep-thhep-phquant-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
41*
Renormalisation of IR divergences and holography in de Sitter
Adam Bzowski🇵🇱 · Paul McFadden🇬🇧 · Kostas Skenderis🇬🇧
We formulate a renormalisation procedure for IR divergences of tree-level in-in late-time de Sitter correlators. These divergences are due to the infinite volume of spacetime and are analogous to the divergences that appear in AdS dealt with by holographic renormalisation. Regulating the theory using dimensional regularisation, we show that one can remove all infinities by adding local counterterms at the future boundary of dS in the Schwinger-Keldysh path integral. The counterterms amount to renormalising the late-time bulk field. We frame the discussion in terms of bulk scalar fields in dS, using tree-level correlators of massless and conformal scalars for illustration. The relation to AdS via analytic continuation is discussed, and we show that different versions of the analytic continuation appearing in the literature are equivalent to each other. In AdS, one needs to add counterterms that are related to conformal anomalies, and also to renormalise the source part of the bulk field. The analytic continuation to dS projects out the traditional AdS counterterms, and links the renormalisation of the sources to the renormalisation of the late-time bulk field. We use these results to establish holographic formulae that relate tree-level dS in-in correlators to CFT correlators at up to four points, and we provide two proofs: one using the connection between the dS wavefunction and the partition function of the dual CFT, and a second by direct evaluation of the in-in correlators using the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. The renormalisation of the bulk IR divergences is mapped by these formulae to UV renormalisation of the dual CFT via local counterterms, providing structural support for a possible duality. We also recast the regulated holographic formulae in terms of the AdS amplitudes of shadow fields, but show that this relation breaks down when renormalisation is required.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·59 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.