HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Jan 2, 2024Tuesday·January 2, 2024

35 papers—23 primary·12 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Doubly heavy tetraquark states in a mass splitting model
Shi-Yuan Li🇨🇳 · Yan-Rui Liu🇨🇳 · Zi-Long Man🇨🇳 · Zong-Guo Si🇨🇳 · Jing Wu🇨🇳
Treating the $X (4140)$ as a compact $J^{P C} = 1^{++}$ $cs c ˉ s ˉ$ state and using its mass as a reference scale, we systematically estimate the masses of doubly heavy tetraquark states $QQ q ˉ q ˉ$ where $Q = c, b$ and $q = u, d, s$ . Their decay properties are studied with a simple rearrangement scheme. Based on our results, the lowest $I (J^{P}) = 0 (1^{+})$ $bb n ˉ n ˉ$ state is a stable tetraquark about 20 MeV below the $B ˉ^{*} B ˉ$ threshold. The mass and width of the low-mass $0 (1^{+})$ $cc n ˉ n ˉ$ ( $n = u, d$ ) tetraquark are compatible with the $T_{cc} (3875)^{+}$ observed by the LHCb Collaboration. The location of the lowest $0 (0^{+})$ and $0 (1^{+})$ $b c n ˉ n ˉ$ states are found to be close to the $B ˉ D$ and $B ˉ^{*} D$ thresholds, respectively. We hope that the predicted ratios between partial widths of different channels may be helpful to identify compact tetraquark states from future measurements.
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2024)·16 citations
02*
Thermal leptogenesis in nonextensive cosmology
Mehran Dehpour🇮🇷
Thermal leptogenesis is a mechanism that explains the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the early universe. In this study, we review the impact of nonextensive Tsallis statistical mechanics on the early universe and study its effect on thermal leptogenesis. The study has found that the use of nonextensive statistical mechanics can affect the production of baryon asymmetry in thermal leptogenesis by modifying the equilibrium abundance of particles, decay, and washout parameters. Also, we show that nonextensive statistical mechanics potentially reduce the required right-handed neutrino mass scale.
hep-phastro-ph.COEPJC(2024)·6 citations
03*
Evaluation of the Leggett-Garg inequality by means of the neutrino oscillations observed in reactor and accelerator experiments
Ricardo Zamora Barrios🇨🇴 · Mario A. Acero🇨🇴
We revisit the study of the violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in neutrino oscillation data as a mean to test some of the fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics. In particular, we consider the results of the Daya Bay and RENO reactor experiments, and the MINOS and NOvA accelerator experiments. We find that DB and MINOS exhibit a strong manifestation of Leggett-Garg violation, whereas for RENO and NOvA data, the indication is weaker. Considering the particular baselines and energy ranges explored by each experiment, our results demonstrate that the Leggett-Garg violation is more evident for smaller baseline-to-energy ratios in all the data sets studied, a relevant aspect to consider when looking for evidence of quantum mechanical decoherence in neutrino oscillations.
hep-ph2 citations
04*
In-medium mass shift of two-flavored heavy mesons, $B_{c}$ , $B_{c}^{*}$ , $B_{s}$ , $B_{s}^{*}$ , $D_{s}$ and $D_{s}^{*}$
G. N. Zeminiani🇧🇷 · S. L. P. G. Beres🇧🇷 · K. Tsushima🇧🇷
For the first time, we estimate the in-medium mass shift of the two-flavored heavy mesons $B_{c}, B_{c}^{*}, B_{s}, B_{s}^{*}, D_{s}$ and $D_{s}^{*}$ in symmetric nuclear matter. The estimates are made by evaluating the lowest order one-loop self-energies. The enhanced excitations of intermediate state heavy-light mesons in symmetric nuclear matter are the origin of their negative mass shift. This negative mass shift may be regarded as a signature of partial restoration of chiral symmetry in an empirical sense because the origin of the negative mass shift in the study is not directly related to the chiral symmetry mechanism. Our results show that the magnitude of the mass shift for the $B_{c}$ meson ( $b ˉ c$ or $b c ˉ$ ) is larger than those of the $η_{c} (c ˉ c)$ and $η_{b} (b ˉ b)$ , different from a naive expectation that it would be in between them. While, that of the $B_{c}^{*}$ shows the in between of the $J / ψ$ and $Υ$ . We observe that the lighter vector meson excitation in each meson self-energy gives a dominant contribution for the corresponding meson mass shift, $B_{c}, B_{s},$ and $D_{s}$ .
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PRD(2024)·8 citations
05*
Effective potential between static sources in quenched light-front Yukawa theory
A.P. Bray🇺🇸 · S.S. Chabysheva🇺🇸 · J.R. Hiller🇺🇸
We compute a nonperturbative effective potential between two static fermions in light-front Yukawa theory as a Hamiltonian eigenvalue problem. Fermion pair production is suppressed, to make possible an exact analytic solution in the form of a coherent state of bosons that form clouds around the sources. The effective potential is essentially an interference term between individual clouds. The model is regulated with Pauli-Villars bosons and fermions, to achieve consistent quantization and renormalization of masses and couplings. This extends earlier work on scalar Yukawa theory where Pauli-Villars regularization did not play a central role. The key result is that the nonperturbative solution restores rotational symmetry even though the light-front formulation of Yukawa theory, with its preferred axis, appears antithetical to such a symmetry.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·1 citation
06*
Study the structure of X(3872) from its lineshape
Hongge Xu🇨🇳 · Ning Yu🇨🇳 · Zuman Zhang🇨🇳
We fit the invariant mass distribution of $X (3872) \to J / ψ π^{+} π^{-}$ from LHCb using the propagator for S-wave near-threshold states in effective field theory. In this way, we can directly determine the $Z$ which measures the projection of the bound state on the compact state in $X (3872)$ . Consequently, the structure of $X (3872)$ can be elucidated. Moreover, the fitting result also can describe well the data for $X (3872) \to D^{0} D^{0 *}$ from Belle experiment, which demonstrate the reliability of our fitting. The fitting indicates that $Z$ is a non-vanishing value within error, which supports that $X (3872)$ has a compact short-distant core.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·6 citations
07*
Multi-scale cross-attention transformer encoder for event classification
A. Hammad🇯🇵 · S. Moretti🇬🇧 · M. Nojiri🇯🇵
We deploy an advanced Machine Learning (ML) environment, leveraging a multi-scale cross-attention encoder for event classification, towards the identification of the $g g \to H \to hh \to b b ˉ b b ˉ$ process at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), where $h$ is the discovered Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson and $H$ a heavier version of it (with $m_{H} > 2 m_{h}$ ). In the ensuing boosted Higgs regime, the final state consists of two fat jets. Our multi-modal network can extract information from the jet substructure and the kinematics of the final state particles through self-attention transformer layers. The diverse learned information is subsequently integrated to improve classification performance using an additional transformer encoder with cross-attention heads. We ultimately prove that our approach surpasses in performance current alternative methods used to establish sensitivity to this process, whether solely based on kinematic analysis or else on a combination of this with mainstream ML approaches. Then, we employ various interpretive methods to evaluate the network results, including attention map analysis and visual representation of Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM). Finally, we note that the proposed network is generic and can be applied to analyse any process carrying information at different scales. Our code is publicly available for generic use.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·30 citations
08*
Analysis of the $X_{AV}$ state through its electromagnetic properties
U. Özdem🇹🇷
To improve our understanding of the quark-gluon dynamics underlying multiquark states, we systematically study their electromagnetic properties. In this study, the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the theoretically predicted singly-charmed state with the quantum numbers $J^{P} = 1^{+}$ is investigated within the framework of the QCD light-cone sum rules method by considering the diquark-antidiquark configuration of this state with quark contents $[u d] [c ˉ s ˉ]$ . The predicted results for the magnetic and quadrupole moments are as $μ_{X_{AV}} = - 0.8 9_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.14} μ_{N}$ and $D_{X_{AV}} = (- 0.4 6_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.07}) \times 1 0^{- 2} \mbox f m^{2}$ . The results obtained can be useful in determining the exact nature of this state. This work will hopefully stimulate experimental interest in the study of the electromagnetic properties of multiquark systems.
hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJC(2024)·4 citations
09*
Monopole acceleration in intergalactic magnetic fields
Daniele Perri🇮🇹 · Kyrilo Bondarenko🇮🇹 · Michele Doro🇮🇹 · Takeshi Kobayashi🇮🇹
We provide a comprehensive analysis of the acceleration of magnetic monopoles in intergalactic magnetic fields. We demonstrate that monopoles with intermediate to low masses can be accelerated to relativistic velocities. This can significantly affect direct and indirect searches for magnetic monopoles. As an example, we show that the Parker bound is relaxed in the presence of intergalactic fields. We also find that a cosmic population of monopoles can produce significant backreaction on the intergalactic fields.
hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-thPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·18 citations
10*
Bulk medium properties of heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan with a multistage hydrodynamic model
Lipei Du🇨🇦
We introduce a method to reconstruct full rapidity distributions of charged particle multiplicity and net proton yields, crucial for constraining the longitudinal dynamics of nuclear matter created in the beam energy scan program. Employing rapidity distributions within a multistage hydrodynamic model calibrated for Au+Au collisions at $s_{NN} = 7.7 - 200$ GeV, we estimate the total energy and baryon number deposited into the collision fireball, offering insights into initial dynamics and the identification of nuclear remnants. We explore the potential of rapidity-dependent measurements in probing equations of state at finite chemical potentials. Furthermore, we compare the freeze-out parameters derived from both hydrodynamics and thermal models, highlighting that the parameters extracted via thermal models represent averaged properties across rapidities.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2024)·17 citations
11*
Collision energy dependence of source sizes for primary and secondary pions at NICA energies
Alejandro Ayala🇲🇽 · Santiago Bernal-Langarica🇲🇽 · Isabel Dominguez🇲🇽 · Ivonne Maldonado🇷🇺 · Maria Elena Tejeda-Yeomans🇲🇽
We study the evolution of the two-pion correlation function parameters with collision energy in the context of relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the NICA energy range. To this end, we perform UrQMD simulations in the cascade mode to produce samples of pions from $5 \times 1 0^{6}$ Bi+Bi collisions for each of the studied energies. The effects of the quantum-statistical correlations are introduced using the correlation afterburner code CRAB. We fit the correlation function using Gaussian, exponential and symmetric Lévy shapes and show that for all collision energies the latter provides the best fit. We separate the sample into pions coming from primary processes and pions originating from the decay of long-lived resonances, and show that the source size for the latter is significantly larger than for the former. The source size for the secondaries, is similar but in general larger than the size for the whole pion sample. To further characterize the pion source, we also simulate the effects of a non-ideal detector introducing a momentum smearing parameter, representing the minimum pair momentum and thus a maximum source size that can be resolved. The values of the correlation function intercept parameter are therefore modified from the values they attain for the perfect detector case. Using the core-halo picture of the source, we show that the values of the intercept parameter are influenced by the presence of a significant fraction of core pions coming from the decay of long-lived but slow-moving resonances. These findings serve as a benchmark to compare with future Monte Carlo studies that consider an Equation of State and thus allow for a phase transition within the studied energy domain.
hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2024)·6 citations
12*
Heavy quark structure functions from unifying the color dipole picture and double asymptotic scaling approaches
G.R.Boroun🇮🇷
We present an analysis of the heavy quark structure functions from the $k_{t}$ factorization scheme, using unifying the color dipole picture and double asymptotic scaling approaches at small $x$ . The gluon distribution is obtained from the Golec-Biernat-W $u ¨$ sthoff (GBW) and Bartels, Golec-Biernat and Kowalski (BGK )models. The main elements are based on the color dipole picture (CDP) and the generalized double asymptotic scaling (DAS) approach for usual parton distribution functions (PDFs). The comparisons with the HERA data are made and predictions for the proposed LHeC and FCC-he colliders are also provided in a wide range of the transverse separation $r$ . In particular, the ratio $R^{h} = F_{L}^{h} / F_{2}^{h}, h = c, b, t$ is well described by the dipole models and is sensitive to the collider energies from HERA until FCC-he. We derive correlated bounds on the ratio $F_{2}^{c} / F_{2}$ and $F_{2}^{b} / F_{2}$ and compared them with the BGK and IP-sat models. The uncertainties are due to the renormalization and factorization scales at large and low $r$ values. The Sudakov form factor into the heavy quark structure functions is incorporated and the results are considered, which are dependent on the hard scale in a wide range of the transverse separation $r$ .
hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
13*
Analysis of the electromagnetic form factors and the radiative decays of the vector heavy-light mesons
Jie Lu🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Yu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳 · Bin Wu🇨🇳
In this article, we analyze the electromagnetic form factors of the vector heavy-light mesons to the pseudoscalar heavy-light mesons in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules, where the contributions of vacuum condensate terms $⟨ q q ⟩$ , $⟨ q g_{s} σ Gq ⟩$ , $⟨ g_{s}^{2} G^{2} ⟩$ , $⟨ f^{3} G^{3} ⟩$ and $⟨ q q ⟩ ⟨ g_{s}^{2} G^{2} ⟩$ are considered. With these results, we also obtain the radiative decay widths of the vector heavy-light mesons and then compare our results with those of other collaboration's. The final results about the radiative decay widths are $Γ (D^{* 0} \to D^{0} γ) = 1.7 4_{- 0.37}^{+ 0.40}$ keV, $Γ (D^{*+} \to D^{+} γ) = 0.1 7_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.08}$ keV, $Γ (D_{s}^{*} \to D_{s} γ) = 0.02 9_{- 0.008}^{+ 0.009}$ keV, $Γ (B^{* 0} \to B^{0} γ) = 0.01 8_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.006}$ keV, $Γ (B^{*+} \to B^{+} γ) = 0.01 5_{- 0.007}^{+ 0.007}$ keV and $Γ (B_{s}^{*} \to B_{s} γ) = 0.01 6_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.003}$ keV.
hep-phPLB(2024)·8 citations
14*
Constraining MeV to 10 GeV majoron by Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Sanghyeon Chang🇰🇷 · Sougata Ganguly🇰🇷 · Tae Hyun Jung🇰🇷 · Tae-Sun Park🇰🇷 · Chang Sub Shin🇰🇷
We estimate the Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraint on the majoron in the mass range between $1 MeV$ to $10 GeV$ which dominantly decays into the standard model neutrinos. When the majoron lifetime is shorter than $1 sec$ , the injected neutrinos mainly heat up background plasma, which alters the relation between photon temperature and background neutrino temperature. For a lifetime longer than $1 sec$ , most of the injected neutrinos directly contribute to the protons-to-neutrons conversion. In both cases, deuterium and helium abundances are enhanced, while the constraint from the deuterium is stronger than that from the helium. $^{7} Li$ abundance gets decreased as a consequence of additional neutrons, but the parameter range that fits the observed $^{7} Li$ abundance is excluded by the deuterium constraint. We also estimate other cosmological constraints and compare them with the BBN bound.
hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·17 citations
15*
Decoupling Limits in Effective Field Theories via Higher Dimensional Operators
Andrea Quadri (INFN, Milan)🇮🇹
Non-decoupling effects of heavy scalars and vector fields play an important role in the indirect search of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics at the LHC. By exploiting some new differential equations for the 1-PI amplitudes, we show that such non-decoupling effects are absent for quite a general class of effective field theories involving dimension six two-derivatives and dimension eight four-derivatives operators, once resummation in certain BSM couplings is taken into account and some particular regimes of the relevant couplings are considered.
hep-phhep-thUniverse(2024)·1 citation
16*
$Z^{'}$ induced forward dominant processes in $μ$ TRISTAN experiment
Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Yuta Orikasa🇨🇿
General $U (1)$ extension of the Standard Model (SM) is a well motivated beyond the Standard Model(BSM) scenario where three generations of right handed neutrinos (RHNs) are introduced to cancel gauge and mixed gauge-gravity anomalies. After the $U (1)_{X}$ is broken, RHNs participate in the seesaw mechanism to generate light neutrino masses satisfying neutrino oscillation data. In addition to that, a neutral gauge boson $Z^{'}$ is evolved which interacts with the left and right handed fermions differently manifesting chiral nature of the model which could be probed in future collider experiments. As a result, if we consider $μ^{+} e^{-}$ and $μ^{+} μ^{+}$ collisions in $μ$ TRISTAN experiment $Z^{'}$ mediated $2 \to 2$ scattering will appear in $t -$ and $u -$ channels depending on the initial and final states being accompanied by the photon and $Z$ mediated interactions. This will result well motivated resulting forward dominant scenarios giving rise to sizable left-right asymmetry. Estimating constrains on general $U (1)$ coupling from LEP-II and LHC for different $U (1)_{X}$ charges, we calculate differential and integrated scattering cross section and left-right asymmetry for $μ^{+} e^{-} \to μ^{+} e^{-}$ and $μ^{+} μ^{+} \to μ^{+} μ^{+}$ processes which could be probed at $μ$ TRISTAN experiment further enlightening the interaction between $Z^{'}$ and charged leptons and the $U (1)_{X}$ breaking scale.
hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·13 citations
17*
Single production of an exotic vector-like $Y$ quark at future high energy $pp$ colliders
Liangliang Shang🇨🇳 · Yuxiao Yan🇹🇭 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Bingfang Yang🇨🇳
Vector-like quarks have been predicted in various new physics scenarios beyond the Standard Model (SM). In a simplified modelling of a $(B, Y)$ doublet including a vector-like quark $Y$ , with charge $- \frac{4}{3}$ e, there are only two free parameters: the $Y$ coupling $κ_{Y}$ and mass $m_{Y}$ . In the five flavor scheme, we investigate the single production of the $Y$ state decaying into $W b$ at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run-III and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) operating at $s$ = 14 TeV, the possible High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) with $s$ = 27 TeV as well as the Future Circular Collider in hadron-hadron mode (FCC-hh) with $s$ = 100 TeV. Through detailed signal-to-background analyses and detector simulations, we assess the exclusion capabilities of the $Y$ state at the different colliders. We find that this can be improved significantly with increasing collision energy, especially at the HE-LHC and FCC-hh, both demonstrating an obvious advantage with respect to the HL-LHC in the case of high $m_{Y}$ . Assuming a 10\% systematic uncertainty on the background event rate, the exclusion capabilities are summarized as follows: (1) the LHC Run-III can exclude the correlated regions of $κ_{Y} \in [0.06, 0.5]$ and $m_{Y} \in [1500 GeV, 3800 GeV]$ with integrated luminosity $L = 300 fb^{- 1}$ ; (2) the HL-LHC can exclude the correlated regions of $κ_{Y} \in [0.05, 0.5]$ and $m_{Y} \in [1500 GeV, 3970 GeV]$ with $L = 3$ ab $^{- 1}$ ; (3) the HE-LHC can exclude the correlated regions of $κ_{Y} \in [0.06, 0.5]$ and $m_{Y} \in [1500 GeV, 6090 GeV]$ with $L = 3$ ab $^{- 1}$ ; (4) the FCC-hh can exclude the correlated regions of $κ_{Y} \in [0.08, 0.5]$ and $m_{Y} \in [1500 GeV, 10080 GeV]$ with $L = 3$ ab $^{- 1}$ .
hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
18*
Gravitational wave footprints from Higgs-portal scalegenesis with multiple dark chiral scalars
He-Xu Zhang🇨🇳 · Shinya Matsuzaki🇨🇳 · Hiroyuki Ishida🇯🇵
We discuss the gravitational wave (GW) spectra predicted from the electroweak scalegenesis of the Higgs portal type with a large number of dark chiral flavors, which many flavor QCD would underlie and give the dynamical explanation of the negative Higgs portal coupling required to trigger the electroweak symmetry breaking. We employ the linear-sigma model as the low-energy description of dark many flavor QCD and show that the model undergoes ultra-supercooling due to the produced strong first-order thermal phase transition along the (approximately realized) flat direction based on the Gildener-Weinberg mechanism. Passing through evaluation of the bubble nucleation/percolation, we address the reheating and relaxation processes, which are generically non-thermal and nonadiabatic. Parametrizing the reheating epoch in terms of the e-folding number, we propose proper formulae for the redshift effects on the GW frequencies and signal spectra. It then turns out that the ultra-supercooling predicted from the Higgs-portal scalegenesis generically yields none of GW signals with the frequencies as low as nano Hz, unless the released latent heat is transported into another sector other than reheating the universe. Instead, models of this class prefer to give the higher frequency signals and still keeps the future prospected detection sensitivity, like at LISA, BBO, and DECIGO, etc. We also find that with large flavors in the dark sector, the GW signals are made further smaller and the peak frequencies higher. Characteristic phenomenological consequences related to the multiple chiral scalars include the prediction of dark pions with the mass much less than TeV scale, which is also briefly addressed.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thCPC(2024)·4 citations
19*
Probing Grand Unification with Quantum Sensors
Xavier Calmet🇬🇧 · Nathaniel Sherrill🇬🇧
We discuss how grand unification can be probed with experiments at low energies using quantum sensors. Specifically, we show that scalar multiplets coupled to the gauge sector of a grand unified theory provide a mechanism for a time-varying unified coupling which has low-energy consequences which can be probed with quantum sensors. We then assume that the multiplets represent ultra light dark matter. Constraints on ultra light dark matter couplings to regular matter are extracted using atomic clock comparisons, pulsar timing arrays (NANOGrav) and MICROSCOPE.
hep-phPLB(2024)·0 citations
20*
$S U (2)_{L}$ deconstruction and flavour (non)-universality
Bernat Capdevila🇮🇹 · Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Javier M. Lizana🇨🇭 · Stefan Pokorski🇵🇱
We study two-site deconstructions of the $S U (2)_{L}$ gauge group factor of the SM. Models based on this approach can explain the hierarchies of the quark masses and CKM mixing between third and light families if these fields are localised on different sites by the presence of hierarchical new physics scales. The model leads to an accidental global $U (2)_{q} \times U (3)_{u} \times U (3)_{d}$ flavour symmetry which prevents dangerously large effects in flavour observables, making a TeV extension of the SM possible. Given the structure of the PMNS matrix in the neutrino sector, we explore different possibilities for the arrangement of the leptons on the two sites, and consider different models with $U (2)_{ℓ}$ or $U (3)_{ℓ}$ flavour symmetries. The phenomenology of the models is mostly governed by a massive vector triplet of $S U (2)_{L}$ . We study the interesting interplay between LHC searches and precision observables. In particular, one of the models can give a sizeable lepton flavour universal effect in the Wilson coefficient $C_{9}$ while naturally suppressing contributions to $C_{10}$ , as suggested by current $b \to s ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ data, predicting simultaneously a mild positive shift in the $W$ boson mass.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·25 citations
21*
Enhanced pair production in multi-pulse trains electric fields with oscillation
Lie-Juan Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Wei Sun🇨🇳 · Melike Mohamedsedik🇨🇳 · Li Wang🇨🇳 · Li-Na Hu🇨🇳 · Bai-Song Xie🇨🇳
For different alternating-sign multi-pulse trains electric fields with oscillation, the effects of the electric field pulse number and the relative phase of the combined electric field on pair production are investigated by solving quantum Vlasov equation. It is found that the number density of created particles in the combined electric fields is increased by more than one order of magnitude compared to the results without oscillating structure for both zero transverse momentum and full momentum space. In the case of zero transverse momentum, the created particles longitudinal momentum spectrum are monochromatic for large pulse numbers and some suitable relative phases. The number density depends nonlinearly on the relative phase that enables the optimal relative phase parameters for the number density. Moreover, for the full momentum space, the created particles number density and momentum spectrum under different multi-pulse trains electric fields are given and discussed. We also find that the number density as a function of pulse number satisfies the power law with index 5.342 for the strong but slowly varying electric field with large pulse numbers.
hep-phphysics.opticsEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·3 citations
22*
A Collinear Perspective on the Regge Limit
Anjie Gao🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Sanjay Raman🇺🇸 · Gregory Ridgway🇺🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸
The high energy (Regge) limit provides a playground for understanding all loop structures of scattering amplitudes, and plays an important role in the description of many phenomenologically relevant cross-sections. While well understood in the planar limit, the structure of non-planar corrections introduces many fascinating complexities, for which a general organizing principle is still lacking. We study the structure of multi-reggeon exchanges in the context of the effective field theory for forward scattering, and derive their factorization into collinear operators (impact factors) and soft operators. We derive the structure of the renormalization group consistency equations in the effective theory, showing how the anomalous dimensions of the soft operators are related to those of the collinear operators, allowing us to derive renormalization group equations in the Regge limit purely from a collinear perspective. The rigidity of the consistency equations provides considerable insight into the all orders organization of Regge amplitudes in the effective theory, as well as its relation to other approaches. Along the way we derive a number of technical results that improve the understanding of the effective theory. We illustrate this collinear perspective by re-deriving all the standard BFKL equations for two-Glauber exchange from purely collinear calculations, and we show that this perspective provides a number of conceptual and computational advantages as compared to the standard view from soft or Glauber physics. We anticipate that this formulation in terms of collinear operators will enable a better understanding of the relation between BFKL and DGLAP in gauge theories, and facilitate the analysis of renormalization group evolution equations describing Reggeization beyond next-to-leading order.
hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2024)·23 citations
23*
Symmetry analysis involving meson mixing for charmonium decay
X.H.Mo🇨🇳
In the light of SU(3) flavor symmetry, the effective interaction Hamiltonian in tensor form is obtained by virtue of group representation theory. The strong and electromagnetic breaking effects are treated as a spurion octet so that the flavor singlet principle can be utilized as the criterion to determine the form of effective Hamiltonian for all charmonium two body decays. Moreover, a synthetical nonet is introduced to include both octet and singlet representations for meson description, and resorting to the mixing angle the pure octet and singlet states are combined into the observable pseudoscalar and vector particles, so that the empirically effective Hamiltonian can be obtained in a concise way. As an application, by virtue of this scenario the relative phase between the strong and electromagnetic amplitudes is studied for vector-pseudoscalar meson final state. In data analysis of samples taken in $e^{+} e^{-}$ collider, the details of experimental effects, such as energy spread and initial state radiative correction are taken into consideration in order to make full use of experimental information and acquire the accurate and delicate results.
hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
24*
Towards Systematic Evaluation of de Sitter Correlators via Generalized Integration-By-Parts Relations
Jiaqi Chen🇨🇳 · Bo Feng🇨🇳
We generalize Integration-By-Parts (IBP) and differential equations methods to de Sitter correlators related to inflation. While massive correlators in de Sitter spacetime are usually regarded as highly intricate, we find they have remarkably hidden concise structures from the perspective of IBP. We find the factorization of the IBP relations of each vertex integral family corresponding to $d τ_{i}$ integration. Furthermore, with a smart construction of master integrals, the universal formulas for iterative reduction and $d lo g$ -form differential equations of arbitrary vertex integral family are presented and proved. These formulas dominate all tree-level de Sitter correlators and play a kernel role at the loop-level as well.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·24 citations
25*
Spin current generation due to differential rotation
Takumi Funato · Shunichiro Kinoshita🇯🇵 · Norihiro Tanahashi · Shin Nakamura🇯🇵 · Mamoru Matsuo
We study nonequilibrium spin dynamics in differentially rotating systems, deriving an effective Hamiltonian for conduction electrons in the comoving frame. In contrast to conventional spin current generation mechanisms that require vorticity, our theory describes spins and spin currents arising from differentially rotating systems regardless of vorticity. We demonstrate the generation of spin currents in differentially rotating systems, such as liquid metals with Taylor-Couette flow. Our alternative mechanism will be important in the development of nanomechanical spin devices.
↳ cond-mat.mes-hallhep-phhep-thnucl-thPRB(2025)·3 citations
26*
Electromagnetic Radiation from Binary Stars Mediated by Ultralight Scalar
Ya-Ze Cheng🇨🇳 · Wen-Hao Wu🇨🇳 · Yan Cao🇨🇳
We present the electromagnetic (EM) dipole radiation flux from an eccentric Keplerian binary endowed with scalar charges, in the presence of scalar-photon coupling $ϕ A_{μ} A^{μ}$ or $ϕ F_{μν} F^{μν}$ . The scalar radiation is suppressed for orbital frequency below the scalar mass, while the scalar-mediated indirect EM radiation survives. We examine the constraints imposed on the scalar-photon and scalar-charge couplings by the current observational data of pulsar binaries, in case that the scalar charge is given by the muon number. The general extensions of the calculation to the quadrupole order and hyperbolic orbit are also discussed.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.D(2025)·7 citations
27*
High-statistics measurement of Collins and Sivers asymmetries for transversely polarised deuterons
G. D. Alexeev · M. G. Alexeev · C. Alice🇮🇹 · A. Amoroso🇮🇹 · V. Andrieux🇺🇸 · V. Anosov · S. Asatryan🇦🇲 · K. Augsten🇨🇿 · W. Augustyniak🇵🇱 · C. D. R. Azevedo🇵🇹 · B. Badelek🇵🇱 · J. Barth🇩🇪 and 175 other authors
New results are presented on a high-statistics measurement of Collins and Sivers asymmetries of charged hadrons produced in deep inelastic scattering of muons on a transversely polarised $^{6}$ LiD target. The data were taken in 2022 with the COMPASS spectrometer using the 160 \gevv\ muon beam at CERN, balancing the existing data on transversely polarised proton targets. The first results from about two-thirds of the new data have total uncertainties smaller by up to a factor of three compared to the previous deuteron measurements. Using all the COMPASS proton and deuteron results, both the transversity and the Sivers distribution functions of the $u$ and $d$ quark, as well as the tensor charge in the measured $x$ -range are extracted. In particular, the accuracy of the $d$ quark results is significantly improved.
↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2024)·20 citations
28*
Measurements of $p - Λ$ and $d - Λ$ correlations in 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR
Yu Hu (for the STAR Collaborations)🇺🇸
Heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to explore nucleon-hyperon (N-Y) interactions through two-particle correlations. The $p - Λ$ and $d - Λ$ correlations shed light on both N-Y two-body and N-N-Y three-body interactions, which is crucial for understanding neutron star properties. We present the high precision measurement of $p - Λ$ and the first measurement of $d - Λ$ correlation with $s_{_{NN}} =$ 3 GeV Au+Au collisions at STAR. Using the Lednicky-Lyuboshitz formalism, we characterized emission source size, the scattering length ( $f_{0}$ ), and the effective range ( $d_{0}$ ) of $p - Λ$ and $d - Λ$ interactions. Using the $f_{0}$ and $d_{0}$ extracted from two spin states in $d - Λ$ correlation, the parameters from the doublet state indicate the hypertriton binding energy is consistent with the current average of world measurements.
↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·10 citations
29*
Temperature fluctuations in a relativistic gas: Pressure corrections and possible consequences in the deconfinement transition
Jorge David Castaño-Yepes🇨🇱 · Marcelo Loewe🇨🇱 · Enrique Muñoz🇨🇱 · Juan Cristóbal Rojas🇨🇱
In this work, we study the effects of random temperature fluctuations on the equation of state of a non-interacting, relativistic fermion gas by means of the replica method. This picture provides a conceptual model for a non-equilibrium system, depicted as an ensemble of subsystems at different temperatures, randomly distributed with respect to a given mean value. We then assume the temperature displays stochastic fluctuations $T = T_{0} + δ T$ with respect to its ensemble average value $T_{0}$ , with zero mean $δ T = 0$ and standard deviation $δ T^{2} = Δ$ . By means of the replica method, we obtain the average grand canonical potential, leading to the equation of state of the fermion gas expressed in terms of the excess pressure caused by these fluctuations with respect to the ideal gas at uniform temperature. We further extend our results for the ideal Bose gas as well. Our findings reveal an increase in pressure as the system's ensemble average temperature $T_{0}$ rises, consistently exceeding the pressure observed in an equilibrium state. Finally, we explore the implications for the deconfinement transition in the context of the simple Bag model, where we show that the critical temperature decreases.
↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
30*
3D Multi-system Bayesian Calibration with Energy Conservation to Study Rapidity-dependent Dynamics of Nuclear Collisions
Andi Mankolli🇺🇸 · Aaron Angerami🇺🇸 · Ritu Arora🇺🇸 · Steffen Bass🇺🇸 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Yi Chen🇺🇸 · Lipei Du🇨🇦 · Raymond Ehlers🇺🇸 · Hannah Elfner🇩🇪 · Wenkai Fan🇺🇸 · Rainer J. Fries🇺🇸 · Charles Gale🇨🇦 and 39 other authors
Considerable information about the early-stage dynamics of heavy-ion collisions is encoded in the rapidity dependence of measurements. To leverage the large amount of experimental data, we perform a systematic analysis using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of multiple collision systems -- large and small, symmetric and asymmetric. Specifically, we perform fully 3D multi-stage hydrodynamic simulations initialized by a parameterized model for rapidity-dependent energy deposition, which we calibrate on the hadron multiplicity and anisotropic flow coefficients. We utilize Bayesian inference to constrain properties of the early- and late- time dynamics of the system, and highlight the impact of enforcing global energy conservation in our 3D model.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·7 citations
31*
Non-prompt $J / ψ$ production in proton-proton collisions with ALICE
Wenda Guo🇨🇳
$J / ψ$ production in high-energy hadronic collisions is sensitive to both perturbative and non-perturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations. The production of a heavy-quark pair is well-described by perturbative QCD, whereas the formation of the bound state involves non-perturbative processes, treated in different ways by various available theoretical models. ALICE can measure inclusive $J / ψ$ at both forward and midrapidity down to low $p_{T}$ and the prompt and non-prompt $J / ψ$ separation can be performed at midrapidity. The study of the production of non-prompt $J / ψ$ originating from the decay of beauty hadrons, besides allowing to isolate the prompt $J / ψ$ cross section from the inclusive $J / ψ$ cross section, can be used to estimate open beauty-hadron production. Heavy-flavour particle production in pp collisions as a function of charged-particle multiplicity can provide insight into the processes occuring in the collision at the partonic level, as well as the interplay between the hard and soft mechanisms in particle production.
↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
32*
A new game with Quark Matter Cards: The Eightfold path
Ana Uzelac🇭🇷
This paper introduces an educational card game designed to elucidate fundamental particle physics concepts, specifically emphasizing the classification of hadrons through the "Eightfold Path." Derived from the Quark Matter Card Games series, the game entails arranging elementary particle cards to construct baryons and mesons on designated game boards. Detailed rules for beginner and intermediate levels are provided. The game aims to enhance understanding of particle properties, color neutrality, and symmetry principles, integral to the quark model and the Standard Model of particle physics. The paper explores the game's physical background, delving into the historical significance of the Eightfold Way and its contributions to quark theory. Adaptable for various age groups, the game serves as a dynamic and engaging tool for learning intricate physics concepts in an entertaining manner. The conclusion expresses gratitude to mentors and pioneers in the realm of card games featuring elementary particles.
↳ physics.ed-phhep-ph0 citations
33*
Exploring the partonic collectivity in small systems at the LHC
Yuanyuan Wang · Wenbin Zhao · Huichao Song
Using the Hydro-Coal-Frag model that combines hydrodynamics at low $p_{T}$ , quark coalescence at intermediate $p_{T}$ , and the LBT transport model at high $p_{T}$ , we study the spectra and elliptic flow of identified hadrons in high multiplicity p--Pb and p--p collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In p--Pb collisions, the Hydro-Coal-Frag model gives a good description of the differential elliptic flow over the $p_{T}$ range from 0 to 6 GeV and the approximate number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling at intermediate $p_{T}$ . Although Hydro-Coal-Frag model can also roughly describe the elliptic flow in high multiplicity p--p collisions with the quark coalescence process, the larger contribution from the string fragmentations leads to a notable violation of the NCQ scaling of $v_{2}$ at intermediate $p_{T}$ as observed in the experiment. Comparison runs of the Hydro-Frag model without the coalescence process demonstrate that regardless the parameter adjustments, the Hydro-Frag model cannot simultaneously describe the $p_{T}$ spectra and the elliptic flow of identified hadrons in either p--Pb collisions or p--p collisions. The calculations in this paper thus provide support for the existence of partonic degrees of freedom and the possible formation of the QGP in the small systems created at the LHC.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2026)·12 citations
34*
Black holes surrounded by generic matter distributions: polar perturbations and energy flux
Nicholas Speeney🇺🇸 · Emanuele Berti🇺🇸 · Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰 · Andrea Maselli🇮🇹
We develop a numerical approach to compute polar parity perturbations within fully relativistic models of black hole systems embedded in generic, spherically symmetric, anisotropic fluids. We apply this framework to study gravitational wave generation and propagation from extreme mass-ratio inspirals in the presence of several astrophysically relevant dark matter models, namely the Hernquist, Navarro-Frenk-White, and Einasto profiles. We also study dark matter spike profiles obtained from a fully relativistic calculation of the adiabatic growth of a BH within the Hernquist profile, and provide a closed-form analytic fit of these profiles. Our analysis completes prior numerical work in the axial sector, yielding a fully numerical pipeline to study black hole environmental effects. We study the dependence of the fluxes on the DM halo mass and compactness. We find that, unlike the axial case, polar fluxes are not adequately described by simple gravitational-redshift effects, thus offering an exciting avenue for the study of black hole environments with gravitational waves.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·78 citations
35*
A new game with Quark Matter Cards:Interactions of elementary particles
Ana Uzelac🇭🇷
This paper introduces a card game called "Quark Matter Card Games," inspired by the creativity of a high school student, Csaba Török, and developed in collaboration with physicist Tamás Csörgő. The game utilizes a deck of 66 cards representing elementary particles and antiparticles, offering an entertaining way to popularize science and introduce players to particle physics concepts. The initial edition includes games exploring topics like baryon formation, mesons, quark colors, and more. The author proposes a new game focusing on the four fundamental forces. Players must strategically place cards on a central card, simulating interactions based on strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitational forces. Specific rules for particle placement, including fundamental forces, annihilation and neutrino oscillations are elucidated. Additional rules and conditions add complexity and strategy to the game, ensuring active engagement. The intended audience ranges from individuals familiar with particle physics to those new to the field. The game provides an engaging platform for learning about elementary particle interactions, with varying levels of complexity. The paper discusses the educational potential, offering suggestions for simplified versions. Furthermore, all necessary concepts are briefly explained, and the physical background of the game is provided. The paper concludes with topics for further discussions, linking game experiences to particle physics concepts. Questions cover gravitational interaction interpretations, differentiation between quarks and leptons, explanations of weak and electromagnetic interactions and more. The acknowledgment section expresses gratitude to mentors and pioneers of card games with elementary particles for their inspiration and support.
↳ physics.ed-phhep-phphysics.pop-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.