Wed·Jul 26, 2023Wednesday·July 26, 2023

1. 01*

   Tip of the Red Giant Branch Bounds on the Neutrino Magnetic Dipole Moment Revisited

   Noah Franz🇺🇸 · Mitchell Dennis🇺🇸 · Jeremy Sakstein🇺🇸

   We use a novel method to constrain the neutrino magnetic dipole moment (${\mu }_{\nu }$) using the empirically-calibrated tip of the red giant branch I-band magnitude that fully accounts for uncertainties in stellar physics. Our method uses machine learning to emulate the results of stellar evolution codes. This reduces the I-Band magnitude computation time to milliseconds, which enables a Bayesian statistical analysis where ${\mu }_{\nu }$ is varied simultaneously with the stellar physics, allowing for a complete exploration of parameter space. We find the region ${\mu }_{\nu }\le 6\times 10^{-12}{\mu }_{\text{B}}$ (with ${\mu }_{\text{B}}$ the Bohr magneton), previously believed to be excluded, is unconstrained after accounting for degeneracies with stellar physics. It is likely that larger values are similarly unconstrained. We discuss the implications of our results for future neutrino magnetic dipole moment searches and for other astrophysical probes.

   hep-phastro-ph.SR7 citations
2. 02*

   Kinematic power corrections in TMD factorization theorem

   Alexey Vladimirov🇪🇸

   This work is dedicated to the study of power expansion in the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem. Each genuine term in this expansion gives rise to a series of kinematic power corrections (KPCs). All terms of this series exhibit the same properties as the leading term and share the same nonperturbative content. Among various power corrections, KPCs are especially important since they restore charge conservation and frame invariance, which are violated at a fixed power order. I derive and sum a series of KPCs associated with the leading-power term of the TMD factorization theorem. The resulting expression resembles a hadronic tensor computed with free massless quarks while still satisfying a proven factorization statement. Additionally, I provide an explicit check of this novel form of factorization theorem at the next-to-leading order (NLO) and demonstrate the restoration of the frame-invariant argument of the leading-power coefficient function. Numerical estimations show that incorporating the summed KPCs into the cross-section leads to an almost constant shift, which may help to explain the observed challenges in the TMD phenomenology.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·21 citations
3. 03*

   Unitarity Relations in the Presence of Vector-Like Quarks

   Francisco Albergaria🇵🇹 · Gustavo C. Branco🇵🇹

   We study, in a systematic way, the $V_{\text{CKM}}$ unitarity relations which arise in extensions of the three generations Standard Model (3gSM) involving the addition of vector-like quarks (VLQ). In particular, we emphasize the effect of the presence of VLQ on $V_{\text{CKM}}$ moduli differences, as well on the size of the imaginary parts of rephasing invariant $V_{\text{CKM}}$ quartets. We consider the special case where an up-type VLQ is used to attempt at solving the unitarity problem in the first line of $V_{\text{CKM}}$.

   hep-ph3 citations
4. 04*

   ALP contributions to $\mu \to e$ conversion

   Kaori Fuyuto🇺🇸 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸

   We study the $\mu \to e$ conversion process in nuclear targets arising in models of axion-like particles (ALPs) with hadronic and charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) interactions. Contributions to this process generally fall into two categories: spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent (SD). While the SI contribution can be generated by a dipole operator through purely leptonic ALP interactions, the SD contribution can also be present through ALP-quark interactions at tree-level. It is naively anticipated that the SI contribution would be dominant due to its coherent enhancement. In this $\text{letter}$, we show that is not generically the case; in particular, for naturally-sized ALP couplings to quarks of order $\sim m_q/f_a$, the SD interaction induced by ALP-${\pi }^0$ mixing turns out to be the leading contribution to $\mu \to e$ conversion. Intuitively, this stems from the suppressed dipole contribution by the QED one-loop factor which counters the effect of SI coherent enhancement. Our study highlights the importance of $\mu \to e$ conversion searches in exploring the parameter space of generic ALP models, and demonstrates the competitiveness of these searches in probing the CLFV ALP parameter space in the heavy mass range of $m_a\gtrsim m_{\mu }$.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-th5 citations
5. 05*

   Shear viscosity coefficient of magnetized QCD medium with anomalous magnetic moments near chiral phase transition

   Yi-Wei Qiu🇨🇳 · Sheng-Qin Feng🇨🇳 · Xue-Qiang Zhu🇨🇳

   We study the properties of the shear viscosity coefficient of quark matter near the chiral phase transition at finite temperature and chemical potential, and the kinds of high temperature, high density and strong magnetic field background. The strong magnetic field induces anisotropy, that is, the quantization of Landau energy levels in phase space. If the magnetic field is strong enough, it will interfere with significant QCD phenomena, such as the generation of dynamic quark mass, which may affect the transport properties of quark matter. The inclusion of the anomalous magnetic moments of the quarks at finite density into the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model gives rise to additional spin polarization magnetic effects. It is found that both the ratio $\eta /s$ of shear viscosity coefficient to entropy and the collision relaxation time $\tau$ show similar trend with temperature, both of which reach minima around the critical temperature. The shear viscosity coefficient of the dissipative fluid system can be decomposed into five different components as the strong magnetic field exists. The influences of the order of chiral phase transition and the critical end point on dissipative phenomena in such a magnetized medium are quantitatively investigated. It is found that ${\eta }_1$, ${\eta }_2$, ${\eta }_3$, and ${\eta }_4$ all increase with temperature. For first-order phase transitions, ${\eta }_1$, ${\eta }_2$, ${\eta }_3$, and ${\eta }_4$ exhibit discontinuous characteristics.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Moduli trapping mechanism in modular flavor symmetric models

   Shota Kikuchi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Yusuke Yamada🇯🇵

   We discuss how the moduli in modular flavor symmetric models dynamically select enhanced symmetry points at which the residual modular symmetry renders extra matter fields massless. The moduli dynamics non-perturbatively produces the extra matter particles, which gives (time-dependent) effective potential that traps the moduli to enhanced symmetry points. We show analytic estimates of particle production rate consistent with numerical results, and the dynamics of moduli based on the analytic estimates.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·14 citations
7. 07*

   Models and Potentials in Hadron Spectroscopy

   Sreelakshmi M🇮🇳 · Akhilesh Ranjan🇮🇳

   In the past twenty years, hadron spectroscopy has made immense progress. Experimental facilities have observed different multiquark states during these years. There are different models and phenomenological potentials to study the nature of interquark interaction. In this work, we have reviewed different quark potentials and models used in hadron spectroscopy.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2023)·11 citations
8. 08*

   Regge Trajectories of Tetraquarks and Pentaquarks with Massive Quarks in the Flux Tube Model

   Sindhu D G🇮🇳 · Akhilesh Ranjan🇮🇳 · Hemwati Nandan🇮🇳

   In recent years, many tetraquarks and pentaquarks have been discovered by various experimental groups and X(3872), Zc(3900), X(4430), P + c (4312), P + c (4457) are some of the interesting observed tetraquark and pentaquark states. The Regge trajectories of some such states are studied in view of the flux tube model of hadrons with finite quark masses. The effect of flux tube (or string) length variation on the Regge trajectories of these sates is analysed in detail. It is observed that for a fixed angular momentum, the string length has a constant value. Some other states are also proposed and the results obtained are then compared with the studies by others. Our findings correspond rather well with those of other researchers and with those of the experiment.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Different versions of soft-photon theorems exemplified at leading and next-to-leading terms for pion-pion and pion-proton scattering

   Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

   We investigate the photon emission in pion-pion and pion-proton scattering in the soft-photon limit where the photon energy $\omega \to 0$. The expansions of the ${\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\gamma$ and the ${\pi }^{\pm }p\to {\pi }^{\pm }p\gamma$ amplitudes, satisfying the energy-momentum relations, to the orders ${\omega }^{-1}$ and ${\omega }^0$ are derived. We show that these terms can be expressed completely in terms of the on-shell amplitudes for ${\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ and ${\pi }^{\pm }p\to {\pi }^{\pm }p$, respectively, and their partial derivatives with respect to $s$ and $t$. The~structure term which is non singular for $\omega \to 0$ is determined to the order ${\omega }^0$ from the gauge-invariance constraint using the generalized Ward identities for pions and the proton. For the reaction ${\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\gamma$ we discuss in detail the soft-photon theorems in the versions of both F.E. Low and S. Weinberg. We show that these two versions are different and must not be confounded. Weinberg's version gives the pole term of a Laurent expansion in $\omega$ of the amplitude for ${\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\gamma$ around the phase-space point of zero radiation. Low's version gives an approximate expression for the above amplitude at a fixed phase-space point, corresponding to non-zero radiation. Clearly, the leading and next-to-leading terms in theses two approaches must be, and are indeed, different. We show their relation. We also discuss the expansions of differential cross sections for ${\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0\gamma$ with respect to $\omega$ for $\omega \to 0$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2024)·8 citations
10. 10*

    Endpoint behavior of distribution amplitudes of pion and longitudinally polarized rho meson under the influence of renormalon-chain contributions

    S. V. Mikhailov🇷🇺 · N. Volchanskiy🇷🇺

    We calculate the two-point massless QCD correlator of nonlocal (composite) vector quark currents with chains of fermion one-loop radiative corrections inserted into gluon lines. The correlator depends on the Bjorken fraction $x$ related to the composite current and, under large-${\beta }_0$ approximation, gives the main contributions in each order of perturbation theory. In the mentioned approximation, these contributions dominate the endpoint behavior of the leading-twist distribution amplitudes of light mesons in the framework of QCD sum rules. Based on this, we analyze the endpoint behavior of these distribution amplitudes for $\pi$ and longitudinally polarized ${\rho }^{\Vert }$ mesons and find inequalities for their moments.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·2 citations
11. 11*

    Flavor-dependent $U(1)$ extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers

    Duong Van Loi🇻🇳 · Phung Van Dong🇻🇳

    There is no reason why the gauge symmetry extension is family universal as in the standard model and the most well-motivated models, e.g. left-right symmetry and grand unification. Hence, we propose a simplest extension of the standard model -- a flavor-dependent $U(1)$ gauge symmetry -- and find the new physics insight. For this aim, the $U(1)$ charge, called $X$, is expressed as $X=xB+yL$ in which $x$ and $y$ are free parameters as functions of flavor index, e.g. for a flavor $i$ they take $x_i$ and $y_i$ respectively, where $B$ and $L$ denote normal baryon and lepton numbers. Imposing a relation involved by the color number $3$, i.e. $-x_{1,2,\cdots ,n}=x_{n+1,n+2,\cdots ,n+m}=3y_{1,2,\cdots ,n+m}\equiv 3z$, for arbitrarily nonzero $z$, we achieve a novel $U(1)$ theory with implied $X$-charge. This theory not only explains the origin of the number of observed fermion families but also offers a possible solution for both neutrino mass and dark matter, which differs from $B-L$ extension. Two typical models based on this idea are examined, yielding interesting results for flavor-changing neutral currents and particle colliders, besides those of neutrino mass and dark matter.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·10 citations
12. 12*

    Entanglement and Bell inequalities violation in $H\to ZZ$ with anomalous coupling

    Alexander Bernal🇪🇸 · Paweł Caban🇵🇱 · Jakub Rembieliński🇵🇱

    We discuss entanglement and violation of Bell-type inequalities for a system of two $Z$ bosons produced in Higgs decays. We take into account beyond the Standard Model (anomalous) coupling between $H$ and daughter bosons but we limit ourselves to an overall scalar $ZZ$ state (we exclude the possibility that $H$ contains a pseudo-scalar component). In particular we consider the case when each $Z$ decays further into fermion-antifermion pair. We find that a $ZZ$ state is entangled and violates the CGLMP inequality for all values of the (anomalous) coupling constant.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phEPJC(2023)·67 citations
13. 13*

    Scalar propagator in a background gluon field beyond the eikonal approximation

    Pedro Agostini🇵🇱

    We investigate the path integral representation of the scalar propagator in a background gluon field, extending beyond the eikonal approximation by considering all gauge field components and incorporating its $x^{-}$ dependence. Utilizing the worldline formalism, we integrate the Schwinger proper time to express the scalar propagator in light-cone coordinates, facilitating a direct comparison with known results in the literature. The derived propagator captures the change of longitudinal momentum of the projectile within the medium. In the high-energy limit, our result simplifies to the effective gluon propagator employed in the BDMPS-Z formalism. Hence, we propose that our outcome serves as a foundational point for investigating corrections to the BDMPS-Z spectrum arising from the longitudinal momentum transfer of the radiated gluon with the medium, as well as for studying collisional energy loss phenomena. Lastly, by employing an expansion around the classical saddle point solution, we systematically derive an eikonal expansion in inverse powers of the boost parameter, encompassing corrections related to longitudinal momentum transfer and interactions of the projectile with the transverse component of the field.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2023)·11 citations
14. 14*

    Order parameters for gauge invariant condensation far from equilibrium

    Jürgen Berges🇩🇪 · Kirill Boguslavski🇦🇹 · Lillian de Bruin🇩🇪 · Tara Butler🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪

    Nuclear collisions at sufficiently high energies are expected to produce far-from-equilibrium matter with a high density of gluons at early times. We show gauge condensation, which occurs as a consequence of the large density of gluons. To identify this condensation phenomenon, we construct two local gauge-invariant observables that carry the macroscopic zero mode of the gauge condensate. The first order parameter for gauge condensation investigated here is the correlator of the spatial Polyakov loop. We also consider, for the first time, the correlator of the gauge invariant scalar field, associated to the exponent of the Polyakov loop. Using real-time lattice simulations of classical-statistical $SU(2)$ gauge theory, we find gauge condensation on a system-size dependent time scale $t_{\text{cond}}\sim L^{1/\zeta }$ with a universal scaling exponent $\zeta$. Furthermore, we suggest an effective theory formulation describing the dynamics using one of the order parameters identified. The formation of a condensate at early times may have intriguing implications for the early stages in heavy ion collisions.

    hep-phcond-mat.quant-gashep-latnucl-thPRD(2024)·13 citations
15. 15*

    Limiting Light Dark Matter with Luminous Hadronic Loops

    Joe Bramante🇨🇦 · Melissa Diamond🇨🇦 · Christopher V. Cappiello🇨🇦 · Aaron C. Vincent🇨🇦

    Dark matter is typically assumed not to couple to the photon at tree level. While annihilation to photons through quark loops is often considered in indirect detection searches, such loop-level effects are usually neglected in direct detection, as they are typically subdominant to tree-level dark matter-nucleus scattering. However, when dark matter is lighter than around 100 MeV, it carries so little momentum that it is difficult to detect with nuclear recoils at all. We show that loops of low-energy hadronic states can generate an effective dark matter-photon coupling, and thus lead to scattering with electrons even in the absence of tree-level dark matter-electron scattering. For light mediators, this leads to an effective fractional electric charge which may be very strongly constrained by astrophysical observations. Current and upcoming searches for dark matter-electron scattering can thus set limits on dark matter-proton interactions down to 1 MeV and below.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2024)·7 citations
16. 16*

    Robust constraints on feebly interacting particles using XMM-Newton

    Pedro De la Torre Luque🇸🇪 · Shyam Balaji🇫🇷 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪

    During galactic Supernova (SN) explosions, a large amount of feebly interacting particles (FIPs) may be produced. In this work we analyze electrophilic FIPs with masses in the MeV-range that escape from SN and decay into electron-positron pairs, causing an exotic leptonic injection. This contribution adds up to known components, leading to an unexpected excess of X-ray fluxes generated by inverse-Compton scattering of the injected particles on low-energy photon backgrounds. For the first time in the context of FIPs, we use XMM-Newton X-ray measurements to obtain the strongest and most robust bounds on electrophilic FIPs produced by SN in our Galaxy.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·18 citations
17. 17*

    Multimessenger search for electrophilic feebly interacting particles from supernovae

    Pedro De la Torre Luque🇸🇪 · Shyam Balaji🇫🇷 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪

    We study MeV-scale electrophilic Feebly Interacting Particles (FIPs), that may be abundantly produced in Supernova (SN) explosions, escape the star and decay into electrons and positrons. This exotic injection of leptons in the Milky Way leaves an imprint in both photon and cosmic-ray fluxes. Specifically, positrons lose energy and annihilate almost at rest with background electrons, producing photons with $511$ keV energy. In addition, electrons and positrons radiate photons through bremsstrahlung emission and upscatter the low-energy galactic photon fields via the inverse Compton process generating a broad emission from X-ray to $\gamma$-ray energies. Finally, electrons and positrons are directly observable in cosmic ray experiments. In order to describe the FIP-induced lepton injection in full generality, we use a model independent parametrization which can be applied to a host of FIPs such as axion-like particles, dark photons and sterile neutrinos. Theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data to robustly constrain FIP-electron interactions with an innovative multimessenger analysis.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRPRD(2024)·24 citations
18. 18*

    On s-confining SUSY-QCD with Anomaly Mediation

    Carlos Henrique de Lima🇨🇦 · Daniel Stolarski🇨🇦

    In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the phase diagram of supersymmetric QCD with $N_f=N_c+1$ flavors perturbed by Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking (AMSB). We extend the previous analyses on s-confining ASQCD theories in three different directions. We show that the existence of the QCD-like vacuum is independent of the size of the SUSY breaking parameter. We further expand the analysis of these models by including two and three-loop contributions to investigate the robustness and limitations of the results. Finally, we include the leading effect of higher-order Kähler terms to investigate the stability of the phase diagram as we approach the confining energy scale. The analysis with higher order Kähler terms is also extended for $N_c=2$ for which AMSB alone gives inconclusive results.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·12 citations
19. 19*

    High-energy neutrino constraints on cosmic-ray re-acceleration in radio halos of massive galaxy clusters

    Kosuke Nishiwaki🇯🇵 · Katsuaki Asano🇯🇵 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸

    A fraction of merging galaxy clusters host diffuse radio emission in their central region, termed as a giant radio halo (GRH). The most promising mechanism of GRHs is the re-acceleration of non-thermal electrons and positrons by merger-induced turbulence. However, the origin of these seed leptons has been under debate, and either protons or electrons can be primarily-accelerated particles. In this work, we demonstrate that neutrinos can be used as a probe of physical processes in galaxy clusters, and discuss possible constraints on the amount of relativistic protons in the intra-cluster medium with the existing upper limits by IceCube. We calculate radio and neutrino emission from massive ($>10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$) galaxy clusters, using the cluster population model of Nishiwaki & Asano (2022). This model is compatible with the observed statistics of GRHs, and we find that the contribution of GRHs to the isotropic radio background observed with the ARCADE-2 experiment should be subdominant. Our fiducial model predicts the all-sky neutrino flux that is consistent with IceCube's upper limit from the stacking analysis. We also show that the neutrino upper limit gives meaningful constraints on the parameter space of the re-acceleration model, such as the electron-to-proton ratio of primary cosmic-rays and the magnetic field, and in particular the secondary scenario, where the seed electrons mostly originate from inelastic $pp$ collisions, can be constrained even in the presence of re-acceleration.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2023)·6 citations
20. 20*

    Lattice QCD study of $\pi \Sigma -\bar{K}N$ scattering and the $\Lambda (1405)$ resonance

    John Bulava🇩🇪 · Bárbara Cid-Mora🇩🇪 · Andrew D. Hanlon🇺🇸 · Ben Hörz🇩🇪 · Daniel Mohler🇩🇪 · Colin Morningstar🇺🇸 · Joseph Moscoso🇺🇸 · Amy Nicholson🇺🇸 · Fernando Romero-López🇺🇸 · Sarah Skinner🇺🇸 · André Walker-Loud🇺🇸

    A lattice QCD computation of the coupled channel $\pi \Sigma -\bar{K}N$ scattering amplitudes in the $\Lambda (1405)$ region is detailed. Results are obtained using a single ensemble of gauge field configurations with $N_{\mathrm{f}}=2+1$ dynamical quark flavors and $m_{\pi }\approx 200$ MeV and $m_K\approx 487$ MeV. Hermitian correlation matrices using both single baryon and meson-baryon interpolating operators for a variety of different total momenta and irreducible representations are used. Several parametrizations of the two-channel scattering $K$-matrix are utilized to obtain the scattering amplitudes from the finite-volume spectrum. The amplitudes, continued to the complex energy plane, exhibit a virtual bound state below the $\pi \Sigma$ threshold and a resonance pole just below the $\bar{K}N$ threshold.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·71 citations
21. 21*

    Living on the Edge: Quantum Black Hole Physics from the Event Horizon

    Manuel Del Piano🇮🇹 · Stefan Hohenegger🇫🇷 · Francesco Sannino🇮🇹

    Quantum gravity theories predict deformations of black hole solutions relative to their classical counterparts. A model-independent approach was advocated in \cite{Binetti:2022xdi} that uses metric deformations parametrised in terms of physical quantities, such as the proper distance. While such a description manifestly preserves the invariance of the space-time under coordinate transformations, concrete computations are hard to tackle since the distance is defined in terms of the deformed metric itself. In this work, for spherically symmetric and static metrics, we provide a self-consistent framework allowing us to compute the distance function in close vicinity to the event horizon of a black hole. By assuming a minimal degree of regularity at the horizon, we provide explicit (series) expansions of the metric. This allows us to compute important thermodynamical quantities of the black hole, such as the Hawking temperature and entropy, for which we provide model-independent expressions, beyond a large mass expansion. Moreover, imposing for example the absence of curvature singularities at the event horizon leads to non-trivial consistency conditions for the metric deformations themselves, which we find to be violated by some models in the literature.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·22 citations
22. 22*

    Quantum van der Waals theory meets quarkyonic matter

    Roman V. Poberezhnyuk🇺🇦 · Horst Stoecker🇩🇪 · Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸

    We incorporate the empirical low-density properties of isospin symmetric nuclear matter into the excluded-volume model for quarkyonic matter by including attractive mean field in the nucleonic sector and considering variations on the nucleon excluded volume mechanism. This corresponds to the quantum van der Waals equation for nucleons, with the interaction parameters fixed to empirical ground state properties of nuclear matter. The resulting equation of state exhibits the nuclear liquid-gas transition at $n_B\le {\rho }_0$ and undergoes a transition to quarkyonic matter at densities $n_B\sim 1.5-2{\rho }_0$ that are reachable in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions. The transition is accompanied by a peak in the sound velocity. The results depend only mildly on the chosen excluded volume mechanism but do require the introduction of an infrared regulator $\Lambda$ to avoid the acausal sound velocity. We also consider the recently proposed baryquark matter scenario for the realization of the Pauli exclusion principle, which yields a similar equation of state and turns out to be energetically favored in all the considered setups.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·15 citations
23. 23*

    How well do we know the primordial black hole abundance? The crucial role of nonlinearities when approaching the horizon

    Valerio De Luca🇺🇸 · Alex Kehagias🇬🇷 · Antonio Riotto🇨🇭

    We discuss the non-linear corrections entering in the calculation of the primordial black hole abundance from the non-linear radiation transfer function and the determination of the true physical horizon crossing. We show that the current standard techniques to calculate the abundance of primordial black holes suffer from uncertainties and argue that the primordial black hole abundance may be much smaller than what routinely considered. This would imply, among other consequences, that the interpretation of the recent pulsar timing arrays data from scalar-induced gravitational waves may not be ruled out because of an overproduction of primordial black holes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·59 citations
24. 24*

    Dual-sided Charge-Coupled Devices

    Javier Tiffenberg🇺🇸 · Daniel Egaña-Ugrinovic🇨🇦 · Miguel Sofo Haro🇺🇸 · Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Guillermo Fernandez-Moroni🇺🇸 · Sho Uemura🇺🇸

    Existing Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) operate by detecting either the electrons or holes created in an ionization event. We propose a new type of imager, the Dual-Sided CCD, which collects and measures both charge carriers on opposite sides of the device via a novel dual-buried channel architecture. We show that this dual detection strategy provides exceptional dark-count rejection and enhanced timing capabilities. These advancements have wide-ranging implications for dark-matter searches, near-IR/optical spectroscopy, and time-domain X-ray astrophysics.

    ↳ physics.ins-detastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-ex+1Phys.Rev.Applied(2024)·5 citations
25. 25*

    On energy extraction from Q-balls and other fundamental solitons

    Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰 · Rodrigo Vicente🇪🇸 · Zhen Zhong🇵🇹

    Energy exchange mechanisms have important applications in particle physics, gravity, fluid mechanics, and practically every field in physics. In this letter we show, both in frequency and time domain, that energy enhancement is possible for waves scattering off fundamental solitons (time-periodic localized structures of bosonic fields), without the need for rotation nor translational motion. We use two-dimensional Q-balls as a testbed, providing the correct criteria for energy amplification, as well as the respective amplification factors, and we discuss possible instability mechanisms. Our results lend support to the qualitative picture drawn in ( arXiv:2212.03269 [gr-qc] ); however we show that this enhancement mechanism is not of superradiant-type, but instead a "blueshift-like" energy exchange between scattering states induced by the background Q-ball, which should occur generically for any time-periodic fundamental soliton. This mechanism does not seem to lead to instabilities.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRL(2023)·18 citations
26. 26*

    Gravity through the prism of condensed matter physics

    G.E. Volovik🇫🇮

    In the paper "Life, the Universe, and everything--42 fundamental questions", Roland Allen and Suzy Lidström presented personal selection of the fundamental questions. Here, based on the condensed matter experience, we suggest the answers to some questions concerning the vacuum energy, black hole entropy and the origin of gravity. In condensed matter we know both the many-body phenomena emerging on the macroscopic level and the microscopic (atomic) physics, which generates this emergence. It appears that the same macroscopic phenomenon may be generated by essentially different microscopic backgrounds. This points to various possible directions in study of the deep quantum vacuum of our Universe.

    ↳ cond-mat.othergr-qchep-phPisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.(2023)·18 citations
27. 27*

    Searching for Decoherence from Quantum Gravity at the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory

    R. Abbasi · M. Ackermann · J. Adams · S. K. Agarwalla · J. A. Aguilar · M. Ahlers · J.M. Alameddine · N. M. Amin · K. Andeen · G. Anton · C. Argüelles · Y. Ashida and 393 other authors

    Neutrino oscillations at the highest energies and longest baselines provide a natural quantum interferometer with which to study the structure of spacetime and test the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. If the metric of spacetime has a quantum mechanical description, there is a generic expectation that its fluctuations at the Planck scale would introduce non-unitary effects that are inconsistent with the standard unitary time evolution of quantum mechanics. Neutrinos interacting with such fluctuations would lose their quantum coherence, deviating from the expected oscillatory flavor composition at long distances and high energies. The IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory is a billion-ton neutrino telescope situated in the deep ice of the Antarctic glacier. Atmospheric neutrinos detected by IceCube in the energy range 0.5--10 TeV have been used to test for coherence loss in neutrino propagation. No evidence of anomalous neutrino decoherence was observed, leading to the strongest experimental limits on neutrino-quantum gravity interactions to date, significantly surpassing expectations from natural Planck-scale models. The resulting constraint on the effective decoherence strength parameter within an energy-independent decoherence model is ${\Gamma }_0\le 1.17\times 10^{-15}$~eV, improving upon past limits by a factor of 30. For decoherence effects scaling as E${}^2$, limits are advanced by more than six orders of magnitude beyond past measurements.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phhep-thNat.Phys.(2024)·44 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.