HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Jul 25, 2023Tuesday·July 25, 2023

45 papers—32 primary·13 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
A new basis for Hamiltonian SU(2) simulations
Christian W. Bauer🇺🇸 · Irian D'Andrea🇺🇸 · Marat Freytsis🇺🇸 · Dorota M. Grabowska🇺🇸
Due to rapidly improving quantum computing hardware, Hamiltonian simulations of relativistic lattice field theories have seen a resurgence of attention. This computational tool requires turning the formally infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of the full theory into a finite-dimensional one. For gauge theories, a widely-used basis for the Hilbert space relies on the representations induced by the underlying gauge group, with a truncation that keeps only a set of the lowest dimensional representations. This works well at large bare gauge coupling, but becomes less efficient at small coupling, which is required for the continuum limit of the lattice theory. In this work, we develop a new basis suitable for the simulation of an SU(2) lattice gauge theory in the maximal tree gauge. In particular, we show how to perform a Hamiltonian truncation so that the eigenvalues of both the magnetic and electric gauge-fixed Hamiltonian are mostly preserved, which allows for this basis to be used at all values of the coupling. Little prior knowledge is assumed, so this may also be used as an introduction to the subject of Hamiltonian formulations of lattice gauge theories.
hep-phhep-latquant-phPRD(2024)·82 citations
02*
Quarkonium transport in strongly coupled plasmas
Govert Nijs🇺🇸 · Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld🇺🇸 · Xiaojun Yao🇺🇸
Suppression of open heavy flavors and quarkonia in heavy-ion collisions is among the most informative probes of the quark-gluon plasma. Interpreting the full wealth of data obtained from the collision events requires a precise understanding of the evolution of heavy quarks and quarkonia as they propagate through the nearly thermal and strongly coupled plasma. Systematic theoretical studies of quarkonium time evolution in the QGP in the regime where the temperature of the QGP is much smaller than the inverse of quarkonium size have only been carried out in the past few years. Such calculations require the evaluation of a gauge-invariant correlator of chromoelectric fields dressed with Wilson lines, which is similar to, but different from, the correlation used to define the well-known arXiv:hep-ph/0605199 heavy quark diffusion coefficient. The origin of this difference has been explained in arXiv:2107.03945, arXiv:2205.04477, arXiv:2306.13127. Here we show the results of the calculation of the analogous correlator in strongly coupled $N = 4$ SYM using the AdS/CFT correspondence at a finite temperature arXiv:2304.03298. While it resembles the open heavy quark case, it has some crucial differences that highlight the relevance of quantum color correlations. We will also discuss the results for the quarkonium transport coefficients obtained from this correlator, thereby establishing the first analytic results at strong coupling in this context. We find that they vanish in the strong coupling limit for an $N = 4$ SYM plasma with a large number of colors.
hep-phnucl-thPoS(2024)·1 citation
03*
Using Axion Miniclusters to Disentangle the Axion-photon Coupling and the Dark Matter Density
Virgile Dandoy🇩🇪 · Joerg Jaeckel🇩🇪 · Valentina Montoya🇩🇪
Dark matter direct (and indirect) detection experiments usually can only determine a specific combination of a power of the coupling and the dark matter density. This is also true for axion haloscopes which are sensitive to the product $g_{aγ γ}^{2} ρ_{DM}$ , the combination of axion-photon coupling squared and the dark matter density. In this note we show, that in the lucky case when we intersect with a so-called axion minicluster of a suitable size, we can utilize the spectral information available in haloscopes to determine the gravitational potential of the minicluster. We can then use this to measure separately the coupling and the density of the minicluster.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·8 citations
04*
Dilute axion stars converting to photons in the Milky Way's magnetic field
A.Kyriazis🇺🇸
In this paper we examine the possibility of dilute axion stars converting to photons in the weak, large-scale magnetic field of the Milky Way and show that they can resonate with the surrounding plasma and produce a sizable signal. We consider two possibilities for the plasma: free electrons and HII regions. In the former case, we argue that the frequency of the photons will be too small to be observed even by space-based radio telescopes. In the latter case, their frequency is larger, safely above the solar wind cut-off. We provide an estimate of the flux as a function of the decay constant and show that for $f_{a} < 5 \times 1 0^{11} GeV$ , the signal will be above the radio emission of the solar system's planets and it could potentially be detected by the NCLE instrument which is on board the Chang'e-4 spacecraft. Finally, we calculate the time scale of decay of the axion star and demonstrate that back-reaction can be neglected for all physically interesting values of the decay constant, while the minimum time scale of decay is in the order of a few hours.
hep-phJHEP(2023)·1 citation
05*
Neutron stars in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model
Lorenzo Bartolini🇨🇳 · Sven Bjarke Gudnason🇨🇳
We utilize the top-down holographic QCD model, the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, in a hybrid setting with the SLy4, soft chiral EFT and stiff chiral EFT equations of state to describe neutron stars with high precision. In particular, we employ a calibration that bootstraps the nuclear matter by fitting the Kaluza-Klein scale and the 't Hooft coupling such that the physical saturation density and physical symmetry energy are achieved. We obtain static stable neutron star mass-radius data via the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations that yield sufficiently large maximal masses of neutron stars to be compatible with the recently observed PSR-J0952-0607 data as well as all other known radius and tidal deformation constraints.
hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2023)·18 citations
06*
Nonextensive effects on the viscous properties of hot and magnetized QCD matter
Shubhalaxmi Rath🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳
We have studied the effect of the nonextensive Tsallis mechanism on the viscous properties of hot QCD matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field. The results are compared to the case of absence of magnetic field. The viscous coefficients, such as the shear viscosity ( $η$ ) and the bulk viscosity ( $ζ$ ) are determined in the similar environment by utilizing the nonextensive Tsallis mechanism within the relaxation time approximation of kinetic theory. We have observed that, when the nonextensive parameter $q$ is just above unity, both shear and bulk viscosities get increased as compared to their counterparts at $q = 1$ . This enhancement in viscosities is more evident in the additional presence of a strong magnetic field. Furthermore, some observables pertaining to the flow characteristic, fluid behavior and conformal symmetry of the medium are also explored.
hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2024)·8 citations
07*
Catastrophe theoretic approach to the Higgs Mechanism
Samyak Jain🇮🇳 · Ameeya Bhagwat🇮🇳
A geometric perspective of the Higgs Mechanism is presented. Using Thom's Catastrophe Theory, we study the emergence of the Higgs Mechanism as a discontinuous feature in a general family of Lagrangians obtained by varying its parameters. We show that the Lagrangian that exhibits the Higgs Mechanism arises as a first-order phase transition in this general family. We find that the Higgs Mechanism (as well as Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking) need not occur for a different choice of parameters of the Lagrangian, and further analysis of these unconventional parameter choices may yield interesting implications for beyond standard model physics.
hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.AT+20 citations
08*
Some remarks on compositeness of $T_{cc}^{+}$
Chang Chen🇨🇳 · Ce Meng🇨🇳 · Zhiguang Xiao🇨🇳 · Han-Qing Zheng🇨🇳
Recently LHCb experimental group find an exotic state $T_{cc}^{+}$ from the process $p p ˉ \to D^{0} D^{0} π^{+} + X$ . A key question is if it is just a molecule or may have confined tetraquark ingredient. To investigate this, different methods are taken, including two channel ( $D^{*+} D^{0}$ and $D^{* 0} D^{+}$ ) K-matrix unitarization and single channel Flatté-like parametrization method analysed by pole counting rule and spectral density function sum rule. It demonstrates that $T_{cc}^{+}$ is a molecular state, though the possibility that there may exist elementary ingredient can not be excluded, by rough analysis on its production rate.
hep-phCPC(2024)·9 citations
09*
$W$ -boson Mass Anomaly from High-Dimensional Scalar Multiplets
JiaJun Wu🇨🇳 · Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳 · Da Huang🇨🇳
In light of the recently discovered $W$ -boson mass anomaly by the CDF Collaboration, we discuss two distinct mechanisms that could possibly explain this anomaly through the introduction of high-dimensional $S U (2)_{L}$ scalar multiplets. The first mechanism is the tree-level $W$ -boson mass correction induced by the vacuum expectation values of one or more $S U (2)_{L}$ scalar multiplets with odd dimensions of $n \geq 3$ and zero hypercharge of $Y = 0$ in order to avoid the strong constraint from measurements of the $Z$ -boson mass. The second mechanism is to consider the one-loop level $W$ -boson mass correction from a complex multiplet. In particular, we focus on the case with an additional scalar octuplet with $Y = 7/2$ . As a result, we find that both mechanisms can explain the $W$ -boson mass anomaly without violating any other theoretical or experimental constraints.
hep-phPLB(2024)·3 citations
10*
Light Sterile Neutrinos in the Early Universe: Effects of Altered Dispersion Relations and a coupling to Axion-Like Dark Matter
Dominik Hellmann🇩🇪 · Heinrich Päs🇩🇪
We investigate the cosmological consequences of light sterile neutrinos with altered dispersion relations (ADRs) and couplings to an ultra-light, axion-like scalar field. In particular we study the impact on the number of additional, light, fermionic degrees of freedom and primordial nucleosynthesis. While the ADR leads to a new potential term in the Hamiltonian, the coupling to the scalar field results in a time dependent, effective mass contribution. We solve the quantum kinetic equations (QKEs) for the neutrino density matrix and find that in certain parameter regions both new physics effects can individually yield a suppressed population of sterile neutrino species and the correct observed amount of helium in nucleosynthesis. Combining both effects opens up new patches of parameter space excluded by experimental bounds applying to models featuring only one of the effects.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·1 citation
11*
Decoherence in Neutrino Oscillation between 3D Gaussian Wave Packets
Haruhi Mitani🇯🇵 · Kin-ya Oda🇯🇵
There is renewed attention to whether we can observe the decoherence effect in neutrino oscillation due to the separation of wave packets with different masses in near-future experiments. As a contribution to this endeavor, we extend the existing formulation based on a single 1D Gaussian wave function to an amplitude between two distinct 3D Gaussian wave packets, corresponding to the neutrinos being produced and detected, with different central momenta and spacetime positions and with different widths. We find that the spatial widths-squared for the production and detection appear additively in the (de)coherence length and in the localization factor for governing the propagation of the wave packet, whereas they appear as the reduced one (inverse of the sum of inverse) in the momentum conservation factor. The overall probability is governed by the ratio of the reduced to the sum.
hep-phhep-thPLB(2023)·5 citations
12*
Spin polarization of heavy quarks in matter: predictions from effective field theories
Sourendu Gupta🇮🇳
The spin polarization of heavy quarks in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC is estimated from effective field theories (EFTs). One EFT is similar to the HQET used at zero temperature. This gives a coupling of the heavy quark spin to colour and electromagnetic fields in heavy-ion collisions. The second EFT describes the interaction of heavy quarks and hydrodynamic modes, and gives the coupling between the heavy quark spin and the local vorticity of the fireball. Using these, we find that the measurement of polarization of the heavy quark from small to moderate p_T at the LHC is predicted with a single free parameter proportional to the vorticity. As a result, the heavy quark polarization is the same whether it is derived from the spin alignment of heavy vector mesons or the polarization of heavy baryons. We also predict that the parameter does not differ much between charm and bottom quarks.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th1 citation
13*
Reconciling experimental and lattice data of $Z_{c} (3900)$ in a $J / ψ π$ - $D D ˉ^{*}$ coupled-channel analysis
Lin-Wan Yan🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · De-Liang Yao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Yong Zhou🇨🇳
We study the $J / ψ π$ and $D D ˉ^{*}$ coupled-channel system within a covariant framework. The $J / ψ π$ and $D D ˉ^{*}$ invariant-mass distributions measured at 4.23~GeV and 4.26~GeV by BESIII and the finite-volume energy levels from recent lattice QCD simulations are simultaneously fitted. Phase shifts and inelasticities of the $J / ψ π$ and $D D ˉ^{*}$ scattering are predicted using the resulting amplitudes. Poles corresponding to the $Z_{c} (3900)$ state are found in the complex energy plane and their couplings with $J / ψ π$ and $D D ˉ^{*}$ are determined. Our results indicate that the current lattice data do not preclude the existence of a physical $Z_{c} (3900)$ state.
hep-phhep-latPRD(2024)·18 citations
14*
Quasi-two-body decays $B_{c} \to K^{*} h \to K π h$ in the perturbative QCD
Zi-Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Qing Zhang🇨🇳 · Si-Yang Wang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Jie Sun🇨🇳 · You-Ya Yang🇨🇳
In this work we study the quasi-two-body decays $B_{c} \to K^{*} h \to K π h (h = D, D_{s}, K, π, η, η^{'})$ in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach. The two-meson distribution amplitudes (DAs) $Φ_{K π}^{P-wave}$ are introduced to describe the final state interactions of the K \pi pair, which involve the time-like form factors F_{K\pi}(s) parameterized by the relativistic Breit-Wigner function and the Gegenbauer polynomials. We calculate the branching ratios for these quasi-two-body decays, from which one can obtain the branching raios for the corresponding two-body decays under the narrow width approximation relation. We find that $B_{c}^{+} \to K^{*+} D^{0}$ and $B_{c}^{+} \to K^{* 0} D^{+}$ have the largest branching ratios, which can reach up to $1 0^{- 6}$ , while the branching ratios for other two-body decays are very small and only about $1 0^{- 8} \sim 1 0^{- 7}$ . As we expected that the branching ratios of the pure annihilation decays are usually small, while in our considered such type of decays, the channel $B_{c}^{+} \to K ˉ^{* 0} K^{+}$ has the largest branching ratio, which is near $1 0^{- 6}$ . These results are consistent with the previously PQCD calculations obtained in the two-body framework, which can be tested by the future LHCb experiments. For the decays $B_{c}^{+} \to K^{*+} D^{0} \to K^{0} π^{+} D^{0}, B_{c}^{+} \to K^{* 0} D^{+} \to K^{+} π^{-} D^{+}$ and $B_{c}^{+} \to K ˉ^{* 0} D_{s}^{+} \to K^{-} π^{+} D_{s}^{+}$ , we calculate their direct CP violations and find that $A_{C P} (B_{c}^{+} \to K^{*+} D^{0} \to K^{0} π^{+} D^{0}) = (- 14. 6_{- 1.12}^{+ 9.19}) %$ is the largest one, which is possible measured by the present LHCb experiments. For the pure annihilation type decays, there is no CP violations because only the tree operators are involved. Furthermore, we also give the differential distributions of the branching ratios and the direct CP violations for the decays $B_{c} \to K^{*} D_{(s)} \to K π D_{(s)}$ .
hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
15*
Heavy QCD axion model in light of pulsar timing arrays
Moslem Ahmadvand🇮🇷 · Ligong Bian🇨🇳 · Soroush Shakeri🇮🇷
Recently, pulsar timing array experiments reported the observation of a stochastic gravitational wave background in the nanohertz range frequency band. We show that such a signal can be originated from a cosmological first-order phase transition (PT) within a well-motivated heavy (visible) QCD axion model. Considering the Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking at the TeV scale in the scenario, we find a supercooled PT, in the parameter space of the model, prolonging the PT with the reheating temperature at the GeV scale.
hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2023)·36 citations
16*
Unveiling the properties of the dimuonium at the energies available at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
C.A. Bertulani🇺🇸 · D. Bhandari🇺🇸 · F.S. Navarra🇧🇷
We study the production of the dimuonium (also known as true muonium) in two and three photon fusion processes in nucleus--nucleus collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. A new formalism is introduced for the production process and valuable new information is extracted which will be helpful in proposals of future experiments. We explore the phase space constraints, the reaction mechanisms, and how the dimounium decay observables might be jeopardized by other physical processes. We show that the energies available at the large hadron collider at CERN might lead to the first identification of the dimounium in a terrestrial laboratory.
hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2024)·8 citations
17*
Polarization of spin-1/2 particles with effective spacetime dependent masses
Samapan Bhadury🇵🇱 · Arpan Das🇵🇱 · Wojciech Florkowski🇵🇱 · Gowthama K. K.🇮🇳 · Radoslaw Ryblewski🇵🇱
Semiclassical expansion of the Wigner function for spin-1/2 fermions having an effective spacetime-dependent mass is used to analyze spin-polarization effects. The existing framework is reformulated to obtain a differential equation directly connecting the particle spin tensor with the effective mass. It reflects the conservation of the total angular momentum in a system. In general, we find that the gradients of mass act as a source of the spin polarization. Although this effect is absent for simple boost-invariant dynamics, an extension to non-boost-invariant systems displays a non-trivial dependence of the spin density on the mass indicating that the spin polarization effects may be intertwined with the phenomenon of chiral restoration.
hep-phnucl-thPLB(2024)·9 citations
18*
Majorana Phase And Matter Effects In Neutrino Chiral Oscillation
Ming-Wei Li🇨🇳 · Zhong-Lv Huang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Gang He🇹🇼
Due to finite masses and mixing, for neutrinos propagation in space-time, there is a chiral oscillation between left- and right- chiral neutrinos, besides the usual oscillation between different generations. The probability of chiral oscillation is suppressed by a factor of $m^{2} / E^{2}$ making the effect small for relativistic neutrinos. However, for non-relativistic neutrinos, this effect can be significant. In matter, the equation of motion is modified. When neutrinos produced in weak interaction pass through the matter, the eigen-energies are split into two different ones depending on the helicity of the neutrino. This results in different oscillation behavior for neutrinos with different helicity, in particular there is a new resonant effect related to the helicity state of neutrino different than the usual MSW effect. For Majorana neutrinos, chiral oscillation also depends on Majorana phases.
hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·10 citations
19*
Thermal conductivity of evolving quark-gluon plasma in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field
Kamaljeet Singh🇮🇳 · Jayanta Dey🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳
The effect of the temperature evolution of QGP on its thermal conductivity and elliptic flow is investigated here in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field. Thermal conductivity plays a vital role in the cooling rate of the medium or its temperature evolution. The magnetic field produced during the early stages of (non-central) heavy-ion collisions decays with time, where electrical conductivity plays a significant role. As the medium expands, the electrical and thermal properties change, reflecting the effect in various observables. In this study, we have calculated the thermal conductivity of the QGP medium, incorporating the effects of temperature and magnetic field evolution. We discovered that conductivity significantly depends on the cooling rate, and its value increases due to temperature evolution. Furthermore, the influence of these evolutions on the elliptic flow coefficient is measured, and elliptic flow decreases due to the evolution. We also extend our study for the case of Gubser flow, where, along with the longitudinal Bjorken expansion, the radially transverse expansion is also present.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·17 citations
20*
The baryon number fluctuation $κ σ^{2}$ as a probe of nuclear matter phase transition at high baryon density
Kun Xu🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳
Two critical end points (CEPs) of the chiral phase transition and the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition show up at finite baryon chemical potential. The kurtosis $κ σ^{2}$ of baryon number fluctuation on the $T - μ_{B}$ plane is positive on the first-order side and negative on the crossover side along the phase boundary. The freeze-out line extracted from the heavy ion collisions crosses between these two phase boundaries, one can observe a peak of $κ σ^{2}$ around the collision energy $5 GeV$ near the CEP of the chiral phase transition, and negative $κ σ^{2}$ at low collision energies due to the CEP of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. This expalains the experimental measurement of $κ σ^{2}$ at the collision energies of 2.4 GeV at HADES and 3 GeV and 7.7-200 GeV at STAR for most central collision. Thus we propose that the baryon number fluctuation $κ σ^{2}$ can be used as a probe of nuclear matter phase structure at high baryon density.
hep-phnucl-th3 citations
21*
Nuclear effects on tau lepton polarization in charged current deep inelastic $ν_{τ} / ν ˉ_{τ} - A$ scattering
F. Zaidi🇮🇳 · M. Sajjad Athar🇮🇳 · S. K. Singh🇮🇳
We have studied the tau-lepton polarization in the charged current $ν_{τ} / ν ˉ_{τ}$ induced deep inelastic scattering (DIS) from the free nucleon as well as off the nuclear targets that are being used in ongoing and proposed experiments such as IceCube, DUNE, etc. For the free nucleon target, the differential scattering cross sections are obtained by taking into account the non-perturbative effect like target mass corrections (TMC) and the perturbative effect like the evolution of the parton densities at the next-to-leading order (NLO) in the four flavor $MS -$ scheme. In the case of nucleons bound inside a nuclear target, we have incorporated the nuclear medium effects such as Fermi motion, binding energy and nucleon correlations, through the use of nucleon spectral function. We shall present the results for the differential scattering cross sections and the longitudinal and transverse components of the tau-lepton polarization assuming time reversal invariance.
hep-phPRD(2023)·5 citations
22*
Soft-photon theorem for pion-proton elastic scattering revisited
Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱
We discuss the reactions $π p \to π p$ and $π p \to π p γ$ from a general quantum field theory (QFT) point of view, describing these reactions in QCD and lowest relevant order of electromagnetism. We consider the pion-proton elastic scattering both off shell and on shell. The on-shell amplitudes for $π^{\pm} p \to π^{\pm} p$ scattering are described by two invariant amplitudes, while the off-shell amplitudes contain eight invariant amplitudes. We study the photon emission amplitudes in the soft-photon limit where the c.m. photon energy $ω \to 0$ . The Laurent expansion in $ω$ of the $π^{\pm} p \to π^{\pm} p γ$ amplitudes is considered and the terms of the orders $ω^{- 1}$ and $ω^{0}$ are derived. These terms can be expressed by the on-shell invariant amplitudes and their partial derivatives with respect to $s$ and $t$ . The pole term $\propto ω^{- 1}$ in the amplitudes corresponds to Weinberg's soft-photon theorem and is well known from the literature. We derive the next-to-leading term $\propto ω^{0}$ using only rigorous methods of QFT. We give the relation of the Laurent series for $π^{0} p \to π^{0} p γ$ and Low's soft-photon theorem. Our formulas for the amplitudes in the limit $ω \to 0$ are valid for photon momentum $k$ satisfying $k^{2} ⩾ 0$ , $k^{0} = ω ⩾ 0$ , that is, for both real and virtual photons. Here we consider a limit where with $ω \to 0$ we have also $k^{2} \to 0$ . We discuss the behavior of the corresponding cross-sections for $π^{-} p \to π^{-} p γ$ with respect to $ω$ for $ω \to 0$ . We consider cross sections for unpolarized as well as polarized protons in the initial and final states.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
23*
Weak production of $η$ mesons induced by $ν_{μ} (ν ˉ_{μ})$ at MicroBooNE energies
A. Fatima🇮🇳 · M. Sajjad Athar🇮🇳 · S. K. Singh🇮🇳
We have studied neutral and charged current (anti)neutrino induced $η$ production off the free nucleon target at MicroBooNE energies, in the light of recent results reported by the MicroBooNE collaboration for the total $η$ production cross section. This study has been made using a theoretical model in which the weak hadronic current receives contribution from the nonresonant Born terms as well as from the resonance excitations. The Born terms are obtained using the SU(3) symmetric chiral model, used earlier in the study of $K -$ meson production. The contribution from the resonance terms is considered from the excitation of five nucleon resonances viz. $S_{11} (1535)$ , $S_{11} (1650)$ , $P_{11} (1710)$ , $P_{11} (1880)$ , and $S_{11} (1895)$ . To fix the parameters of the vector current interaction, this model is first used to study the electromagnetic production of $η$ mesons induced by real and virtual photons, and the theoretical results have been compared with the data from the MAINZ and JLab experiments. The partially conserved axial-vector current hypothesis and generalized Goldberger-Treiman relation are used to fix the parameters of the axial-vector current interaction. The results are presented for the total cross section for the neutral and charged current induced $η$ production, ratio of the cross sections for the charged current to neutral current, MicroBooNE flux averaged cross section $⟨ σ ⟩$ , $⟨ \frac{d σ}{d Q ^{2}} ⟩$ and $⟨ \frac{d σ}{d p _{η}} ⟩$ , which may be useful in the future analysis of MicroBooNE as well as other accelerator and atmospheric neutrino experiments being performed in the $O$ (1)~GeV energy region.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·3 citations
24*
Diurnal modulation of electron recoils from DM-nucleon scattering through the Migdal effect
Mai Qiao🇨🇳 · Chen Xia🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Zhou🇨🇳
Halo dark matter (DM) particles could lose energy due to the scattering off nuclei within the Earth before reaching the underground detectors of DM direct detection experiments. This Earth shielding effect can result in diurnal modulation of the DM-induced recoil event rates observed underground due to the self-rotation of the Earth. For electron recoil signals from DM-electron scatterings, the current experimental constraints are very stringent such that the diurnal modulation cannot be observed for halo DM. We propose a novel type of diurnal modulation effect: diurnal modulation in electron recoil signals induced by DM-nucleon scattering via the Migdal effect. We set so far the most stringent constraints on DM-nucleon scattering cross section via the Migdal effect for sub-GeV DM using the S2-only data of PandaX-II and PandaX-4T with improved simulations of the Earth shielding effect. Based on the updated constraints, we show that the Migdal effect induced diurnal modulation of electron events can still be significant in the low energy region, and can be probed by experiments such as PandaX-4T in the near future.
hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2023)·10 citations
25*
Investigating the Single Production of Vector-Like Quarks Decaying into Top Quark and W Boson through Hadronic Channels at the HL-LHC
A. C. Canbay (Ankara University)🇹🇷 · O. Cakir (Ankara University)🇹🇷
We investigate the single production of vector-like quarks at the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). With the assumed (enhanced) couplings to third generation quarks of the standard model, vector-like quarks $B / X$ are produced in association with a bottom ( $b$ ) or top ( $t$ ) quark, which correspond to $B b q$ and $B tq / X tq$ production modes, including an additional soft forward jet from the spectator quark ( $q$ ). This study focuses on high-mass vector-like quarks $B / X$ decaying into a top quark and a $W$ boson, resulting in the final state jets emerging from hadronically decaying top quark ( $t \to W b$ ) and $W$ boson ( $W \to q q ˉ^{'}$ ). The events with $W$ boson and $t$ quark have been analysed using tagging techniques for large-radius jets. The scan ranges of the mass ( $1000 < m_{B / X} < 3000$ GeV) for the relative width $Γ_{B / X} / m_{B / X} = 0.1$ and $Γ_{B / X} / m_{B / X} = 0.01$ of vector-like $B / X$ quarks have been investigated. From the results of the analysis, the masses of vector like quarks $B$ ( $X$ ) up to $2491$ ( $2364$ ) GeV and $2018$ ( $1873$ ) GeV can be excluded corresponding to these relative width cases at $95%$ CL depending on the type and branching scenarios at integrated luminosity projection of $3$ ab $^{- 1}$ at the HL-LHC.
hep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
26*
Probing mass orderings in presence of a very light sterile neutrino in a liquid argon detector
Animesh Chatterjee🇮🇳 · Srubabati Goswami🇮🇳 · Supriya Pan🇮🇳
Results from experiments like LSND and MiniBooNE hint towards the possible presence of an extra eV scale sterile neutrino. The addition of such a neutrino will significantly impact the standard three flavour neutrino oscillations. In particular, it can give rise to additional degeneracies due to additional sterile parameters. For an eV scale sterile neutrino, the cosmological constraints dictate that the sterile state is heavier than the three active states. However, for lower masses of sterile neutrinos, it can be lighter than one and/or more of the three states. In such cases, the mass ordering of the sterile neutrinos also becomes unknown along with the mass ordering of the active states. In this paper, we explore the mass ordering sensitivity in the presence of a sterile neutrino assuming the mass squared difference $∣ Δ_{41} ∣$ to be in the range $1 0^{- 4} - 1$ eV $^{2}$ . We study (i) how the ordering of the active states, i.e. the determination of the sign of $Δ_{31}$ gets affected by the presence of a sterile neutrino in the above mass range, (ii) the possible determination of the sign of $Δ_{41}$ for $Δ_{41}$ in the range $1 0^{- 4} - 0.1$ eV $^{2}$ . This analysis is done in the context of a liquid argon detector using both beam neutrinos traveling a distance of 1300 km and atmospheric neutrinos which propagates through a distance ranging from 10 - 10000 km allowing resonant matter effects. Apart from presenting separate results from these sources, we also do a combined study and probe the synergy between these two in giving an enhanced sensitivity.
hep-phNPB(2023)·5 citations
27*
On the impact of the Migdal effect in reactor CE $ν$ NS experiments
M. Atzori Corona🇮🇹 · M. Cadeddu🇮🇹 · N. Cargioli🇮🇹 · F. Dordei🇮🇹 · C. Giunti🇮🇹
The search for coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering (CE $ν$ NS) using reactor antineutrinos represents a formidable experimental challenge, recently boosted by the observation of such a process at the Dresden-II reactor site using a germanium detector. This observation relies on an unexpected enhancement at low energies of the measured quenching factor with respect to the theoretical Lindhard model prediction, which implies an extra observable ionization signal produced after the nuclear recoil. A possible explanation for this additional contribution could be provided by the so-called Migdal effect, which however has never been observed. Here, we study in detail the impact of the Migdal contribution to the standard CE $ν$ NS signal calculated with the Lindhard quenching factor, finding that the former is completely negligible for observed energies below $\sim 0.3 keV$ where the signal is detectable, and thus unable to provide any contribution to CE $ν$ NS searches in this energy regime. To this purpose, we compare different formalisms used to describe the Migdal effect that intriguingly show a perfect agreement, making our findings robust.
hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·15 citations
28*
Enhancements of electron-positron pair production at very low transverse momentum in peripheral hadronic A + A collisions
Mehmet Cem Güçlü🇹🇷 · Melek Yılmaz Şengül🇹🇷
The STAR collaboration has observed an excess production of electron-positron pairs which have transverse momenta pperp < 150 MeV/c in peripheral gold-gold and uranium-uranium collisions. ALICE has also reported on an excess of mu mu pairs at low pperp in very peripheral lead-lead collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV/nucleon pair. In literature, there are number of studies about the electromagnetic lepton pair productions in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. Almost all of them have a prediction that unitary is violated in these high energies so that probability of producing electron-positron pairs is greater than one. It is clear that at RHIC and LHC energies, probabilities of producing electron-positron pairs for impact parameters smaller than Compton-wavelength of electron is greater than one. This means that for small impact parameters where the electric field is strongest multiple electron-positron pair productions is inescapable and it must be included in calculations. In literature, there are number of explanations about the pperp broadening however none of them has included the multi-pair production processes in their calculations. The aim of this paper is to show that electron-positron multi-pair production cross section is large and it can not be ignored in calculations.
hep-phPLB(2023)·1 citation
29*
Quantum GraviElectro Dynamics
Yoshimasa Kurihara🇯🇵
This report presents a possible attempt at renormalisable quantum gravity based on the standard BRST quantisation used for Yang-Mills theory. We have provided the BRST invariant Lagrangian of the gravitationally interacting U(1) gauge theory, namely the Quantum GraviElectro Dynamics (QGED), including the gauge fixing and the ghost Lagrangian. We have extracted a set of Feynman rules in the local inertial frame where gravity locally vanishes from this Lagrangian. Using the Feynman rules of the QGED constructed here, we have built all the renormalisation constants and show that the theory is perturbatively renormalisable, at least in the one-loop order. All infinite naked objects in the naked Lagrangian can replace experimentally measured ones. In addition to the standard QED parameters, we have shown that the gravitational coupling constant can be experimentally measured. We have also discussed a running effect of the gravitational coupling constant and the perturbative estimation of the Hawking radiation as examples of perturbative QGED. The difference between our theory and the widely known un-renormalisable quantum general relativity is clarified.
hep-phgr-qchep-thAnnalen Phys.(2026)·0 citations
30*
The fate of supersymmetry in quantum field theories
Risto Raitio🇫🇮
We analyze the significance of supersymmetry in two topological models and the standard model (SM). We conclude that the two topological field theory models favor hidden supersymmetry. The SM superpartners, instead, have not been found.
hep-phJournal of High Energy Physics, Gravitati…·5 citations
31*
Transverse Momentum Measurements with Jets at Next-to-Leading Power
Rafael F. del Castillo🇪🇸 · Max Jaarsma🇳🇱 · Ignazio Scimemi🇪🇸 · Wouter Waalewijn🇳🇱
In view of the increasing precision of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, power corrections to transverse-momentum-dependent observables are highly important. We study the next-to-leading power corrections for transverse momentum measurements in $e^{+} e^{-} \to 2$ jets. We obtain a factorized expression for the cross section, which involve twist-2 and twist-3 operators, and identify the new jet functions that appear in it. We calculate these jet functions at order {\alpha}s for a family of recoil-free schemes, and provide the corresponding anomalous dimensions at leading order. Additionally, we show that the (endpoint) divergences that typically arise in sub-leading-power factorization can be subtracted and cancel for our case. By working with jets, everything is perturbatively calculable and there are substantial simplifications compared to the general next-to-leading power framework. Importantly, our analysis with jets can be extended to semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering, with the future Electron-Ion Collider as key application.
hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·10 citations
32*
Precision Electroweak Tensions and a Dark Photon
Keisuke Harigaya🇺🇸 · Evan Petrosky🇺🇸 · Aaron Pierce🇺🇸
We examine how different assumptions about the hadronic vacuum polarization, the $W$ boson mass, and the forward-backward asymmetry in $b$ -quarks at the $Z$ pole can impact the precision electroweak fit. We study the implications for a kinetically mixed dark photon, addressing the complementarity of precision bounds and direct searches, particularly in the case where the dark photon can decay into the dark sector, and we consider implications for future Large Hadron Collider searches. We comment on cases where the precision effects of the dark photon may not be well-described by the oblique parameters.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·19 citations
33*
Hard probes in isobar collisions as a probe of the neutron skin
Wilke van der Schee🇨🇭 · Yen-Jie Lee🇺🇸 · Govert Nijs🇺🇸 · Yi Chen🇺🇸
We present an estimate of the yield of hard probes expected for collisions of the isobars $_{44}^{96}$ Ru and $_{40}^{96}$ Zr at collision energies reachable at RHIC and the LHC\@. These yields are proportional to the number of binary nucleon-nucleon interactions, which is characteristically different due to the presence of the large neutron skin in $_{40}^{96}$ Zr. This provides an independent opportunity to measure the difference between the neutron skin of $_{44}^{96}$ Ru and $_{40}^{96}$ Zr, which can provide an important constraint on the Equation of State of cold neutron-rich matter.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPLB(2024)·12 citations
34*
The fate of Galilean relativity in minimal-length theories
Pasquale Bosso🇮🇹 · Giuseppe Fabiano🇮🇹 · Domenico Frattulillo🇮🇹 · Fabian Wagner🇮🇹
A number of arguments at the interplay of general relativity and quantum theory suggest an operational limit to spatial resolution, conventionally modelled as a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). Recently, it has been demonstrated that the dynamics postulated as a part of these models are only loosely related to the existence of the minimal-length scale. In this paper, we intend to make a more informed choice on the Hamiltonian by demanding, among other properties, that the model be invariant under (possibly) deformed Galilean transformations in one dimension. In this vein, we study a two-particle system with general interaction potential under the condition that the composition as well as the action of Galilean boosts on wave numbers be deformed so as to comply with the cut-off. We find that the customary GUP-Hamiltonian does not allow for invariance under (any kind of) generalised Galilean transformations. Those Hamiltonians which allow for a deformed relativity principle have to be related to the ordinary Galilean ones by virtue of a momentum-space diffeomorphism, i.e. a canonical transformation. Far from being trivial, the resulting dynamics is deformed, as we show at the example of the harmonic interaction.
↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·8 citations
35*
Discovery potential of the Glashow resonance in an air shower neutrino telescope
Guo-yuan Huang🇩🇪
The in-ice or in-water Cherenkov neutrino telescope such as IceCube has already proved its power in measuring the Glashow resonance by searching for the bump around $E_{ν} = 6.3 PeV$ arising from the $W$ -boson production. In the next few decades, there are many proposals that observe cosmic tau neutrinos with extensive air showers, also known as tau neutrino telescopes. As has been recognized, the air shower telescope is in principle sensitive to the Glashow resonance via the channel $W \to τ ν_{τ}$ followed by the tau decay in the air. However, with a thorough numerical analysis we have identified several limitations for those telescopes on hunting the resonance. If ultrahigh-energy neutrinos are dominantly produced from the meson decay, it will be statistically difficult for a rather advanced proposal, such as TAMBO with a geometric area around $500 k m^{2}$ , to discriminate the Glashow resonance induced by $ν_{e}$ from the intrinsic $ν_{τ} / ν_{τ}$ background. The discovery significance is only around $1 σ$ considering the flux parameters measured by IceCube as the input. Nevertheless, the significance will be improved to $90%$ if PeV neutrinos mainly originate from the neutron decay, which is, however, thought to be only a subdominant neutrino source. The presence of new physics can also increase the significance. Compared to the in-ice or in-water telescope, the challenge for the Glashow resonance search is ascribed to several factors: (i) a suppressed branching ratio of $11%$ for the decay $W \to τ ν_{τ}$ ; (ii) the smearing effect and the reduced acceptance because the daughter neutrino takes away $⟨ y ⟩ \sim 75%$ of the energy from the $W$ decay; (iii) a large attenuation effect for Earth-skimming neutrinos with the resonance.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phCPC(2024)·2 citations
36*
Collins-Soper kernel from lattice QCD at the physical pion mass
Artur Avkhadiev🇺🇸 · Phiala Shanahan🇺🇸 · Michael Wagman🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸
This work presents a determination of the quark Collins-Soper kernel, which relates transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) at different rapidity scales, using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This is the first lattice QCD calculation of the kernel at quark masses corresponding to a close-to-physical value of the pion mass, with next-to-next-leading logarithmic matching to TMDs from the corresponding lattice-calculable distributions, and includes a complete analysis of systematic uncertainties arising from operator mixing. The kernel is extracted at transverse momentum scales $240 MeV ≲ q_{T} ≲ 1.6 GeV$ with a precision sufficient to begin to discriminate between different phenomenological models in the non-perturbative region.
↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·61 citations
37*
Anomalous Dimensions at an Infrared Fixed Point in an SU( $N_{c}$ ) Gauge Theory with Fermions in the Fundamental and Antisymmetric Tensor Representations
Thomas A. Ryttov🇩🇰 · Robert Shrock🇺🇸
We present scheme-independent calculations of the anomalous dimensions $γ_{ψ ˉ ψ, I R}$ and $γ_{χ ˉ χ, I R}$ of fermion bilinear operators $ψ ˉ ψ$ and $χ ˉ χ$ at an infrared fixed point in an asymptotically free SU( $N_{c}$ ) gauge theory with massless Dirac fermion content consisting of $N_{F}$ fermions $ψ_{i}^{a}$ in the fundamental representation and $N_{A_{2}}$ fermions $χ_{j}^{ab}$ in the antisymmetric rank-2 tensor representation, where $i, j$ are flavor indices. For the case $N_{c} = 4$ , $N_{F} = 4$ , and $N_{A_{2}} = 4$ , we compare our results with values of these anomalous dimensions measured in a recent lattice simulation and find agreement.
↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·5 citations
38*
Hellings-Downs curve deformed by ultralight vector dark matter
Hidetoshi Omiya🇯🇵 · Kimihiro Nomura🇯🇵 · Jiro Soda🇯🇵
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) provide a way to detect gravitational waves (GWs) at nanohertz frequencies. To ensure the detection of GWs, observational data must exhibit the Hellings-Downs angular correlation. It is also known that PTAs can probe ultralight dark matter. In this paper, we consider possible contamination of the Hellings-Downs angular correlation by the ultralight dark matter. We find that ultralight vector dark matter can give rise to the deformation of the Hellings-Downs correlation curve. Thus, the Hellings-Downs correlation curve could contain information on ultralight dark matter with a spin.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·13 citations
39*
Dark energy in light of the early JWST observations: case for a negative cosmological constant?
Shahnawaz A. Adil🇮🇳 · Upala Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳 · Anjan A. Sen🇮🇳 · Sunny Vagnozzi🇮🇹
Early data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered the existence of a surprisingly abundant population of very massive galaxies at extremely high redshift, which are hard to accommodate within the standard $Λ$ CDM cosmology. We explore whether the JWST observations may be pointing towards more complex dynamics in the dark energy (DE) sector. Motivated by the ubiquity of anti-de Sitter vacua in string theory, we consider a string-inspired scenario where the DE sector consists of a negative cosmological constant (nCC) and a evolving component with positive energy density on top, whose equation of state is allowed to cross the phantom divide. We show that such a scenario can drastically alter the growth of structure compared to $Λ$ CDM, and accommodate the otherwise puzzling JWST observations if the dynamical component evolves from the quintessence-like regime in the past to the phantom regime today: in particular, we demonstrate that the presence of a nCC (which requires a higher density for the evolving component) plays a crucial role in enhancing the predicted cumulative comoving stellar mass density. Our work reinforces the enormous potential held by observations of the abundance of high- $z$ galaxies in probing cosmological models and new fundamental physics, including string-inspired ingredients.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·117 citations
40*
Elliptic flow of light nuclei in Au+Au collisions at $s_{N N}$ = 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV using the STAR detector
Rishabh Sharma🇮🇳
Loosely bound light nuclei are produced in abundance in heavy-ion collisions. There are two main possible models to explain their production mechanism - the thermal model and the coalescence model. The thermal model suggests that the light nuclei are produced from a thermal source, where they are in equilibrium with other species present in the fireball. However, due to the small binding energies, the produced nuclei are not likely to survive the high-temperature conditions of the fireball. The coalescence model tries to explain the production of light nuclei by assuming that they are formed at later stages by the coalescence of protons and neutrons near the kinetic freeze-out surface. The final-state coalescence of nucleons will lead to the mass number scaling of the elliptic flow ( $v_{2}$ ) of light nuclei. This scaling states that the $v_{2}$ of light nuclei scaled by their respective mass numbers will follow very closely the $v_{2}$ of nucleons. Therefore, studying the $v_{2}$ of light nuclei and comparing it with the $v_{2}$ of protons will help us in understanding their production mechanism. In this talk, we will present the transverse momentum ( $p_{T}$ ) and centrality dependence of $v_{2}$ of $d$ , $t$ , and $^{3} He$ in Au+Au collisions at $s_{N N}$ = 14.6, 19.6, 27, and 54.4 GeV. Mass number scaling of $v_{2} (p_{T})$ of light (anti-)nuclei will be shown and physics implications will be discussed.
↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-ph0 citations
41*
Possibility of generating the $_{Λ_{c}}^{3}$ H in the quark-delocalization color-screening model
Siyu Wu🇨🇳 · Qian Wu🇨🇳 · Hongxia Huang🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳 · Qian Wang🇨🇳
We probe the existence of the $_{Λ_{c}}^{3}$ H where the $N Λ_{c}$ potentials are derived from the quark-delocalization color-screening model (QDCSM). The $N Λ_{c}$ system is studied and the $N Λ_{c}$ scattering length so as the effective range are obtained in the QDCSM. We construct effective Gaussian-type $N Λ_{c}$ potentials which reproduce the $N Λ_{c}$ scattering data given by the QDCSM. By solving the $N N Λ_{c}$ three body Schrödinger equation with the Gaussian expansion method, we calculate the energies of the $_{Λ_{c}}^{3}$ H with isospin $I = 0$ , $J^{P} = 1/ 2^{+}$ and $I = 0$ , $J^{P} = 3/ 2^{+}$ under different color screening parameter $μ$ . The $J^{P} = 1/ 2^{+}$ and $J^{P} = 3/ 2^{+}$ states are both bound when the color screening parameter $μ$ is set to 1.0 or 1.2, where the $J^{P} = 1/ 2^{+}$ state is bound by $0.08 \sim 0.85$ MeV and the $J^{P} = 3/ 2^{+}$ state is bound by $0.15 \sim 1.31$ MeV with respect to the deuteron- $Λ_{c}$ threshold.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·1 citation
42*
Quantum Duality in Electromagnetism and the Fine-Structure Constant
Clay Cordova🇺🇸 · Kantaro Ohmori🇯🇵
We describe the interplay between electric-magnetic duality and higher symmetry in Maxwell theory. When the fine-structure constant is rational, the theory admits non-invertible symmetries which can be realized as composites of electric-magnetic duality and gauging a discrete subgroup of the one-form global symmetry. These non-invertible symmetries are approximate quantum invariances of the natural world which emerge in the infrared below the mass scale of charged particles. We construct these symmetries explicitly as topological defects and illustrate their action on local and extended operators. We also describe their action on boundary conditions and illustrate some consequences of the symmetry for Hilbert spaces of the theory defined in finite volume.
↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phPRD(2024)·39 citations
43*
Toward extracting scattering phase shift from integrated correlation function
Peng Guo🇺🇸 · Vladimir Gasparian🇺🇸
In present work, a relation that connects the integrated correlation function of a trapped two-particle system to infinite volume particles scattering phase shift is derived. It has the potential to provide an alternative approach for extracting two-particle scattering phase shift from integrated correlation function in lattice simulation at small Euclidean time region. Both (i) perturbation calculation of 1+1 dimensional lattice Euclidean field theory model of fermions interacting with a contact interaction and (ii) Monte Carlo simulation of a 1D exactly solvable quantum mechanics model are carried out to test the proposed relation. In contrast to conventional two-step approach of extracting energy levels from temporal correlation function in lattice simulation at large Euclidean time first and then applying Lüscher formula to convert energy levels into scattering phase shifts, we show that the difference of integrated correlation functions between interacting and noninteracting trapped systems converges rapidly to infinite volume limit that is given in terms of scattering phase shifts at small Euclidean time region.
↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·13 citations
44*
Limits on dark matter annihilation in prompt cusps from the isotropic gamma-ray background
M. Sten Delos🇩🇪 · Michael Korsmeier🇸🇪 · Axel Widmark🇩🇰 · Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Tim Linden🇸🇪 · Simon D. M. White🇩🇪
Recent studies indicate that thermally produced dark matter will form highly concentrated, low-mass cusps in the early universe that often survive until the present. While these cusps contain a small fraction of the dark matter, their high density significantly increases the expected gamma-ray flux from dark matter annihilation, particularly in searches of large angular regions. We utilize 14 years of Fermi-LAT data to set strong constraints on dark matter annihilation through a detailed study of the isotropic gamma-ray background, excluding with 95% confidence dark matter annihilation to $b b ˉ$ final states for dark matter masses below 120 GeV.
↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·21 citations
45*
Identified hadron production at mid-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $s_{N N} = 54.4$ GeV at STAR
Krishan Gopal🇮🇳
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) predicts that at sufficiently high temperature ( $T$ ) and/or baryon chemical potential ( $μ_{B}$ ), the state of matter is in the form of quarks and gluons, which are no longer confined within hadrons. This deconfined state of matter is known as the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). The goal of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments is to create such a hot and dense state of matter and study its properties. Measurements of identified particle spectra in Au+Au collisions provide information on the bulk properties, such as integrated yield ( $d N / d y$ ), average transverse momenta ( $⟨ p_{T} ⟩$ ), particle ratios, and freeze-out parameters of the medium produced. The systematic study of bulk properties sheds light on the particle production mechanism in these collisions. Also, the centrality dependence of the freeze-out parameters provides an opportunity to explore the QCD phase diagram. In this talk, we will present the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons ( $π^{\pm}$ , $K^{\pm}$ , $p$ , and $p ˉ$ ) at mid-rapidity ( $∣ y ∣ < 0.1$ ) in Au+Au collisions at $s_{NN} = 54.4$ GeV. The centrality dependence of $d N / d y$ , particle ratios, and kinetic freeze-out parameters will also be presented, and their physics implications will be discussed. In addition, we will compare our results with previously published results at other collision energies.
↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2024)·0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.