Mon·Mar 6, 2023Monday·March 6, 2023

1. 01*

   Interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative effects with the ARES method

   Andrea Banfi🇬🇧 · Basem Kamal El-Menoufi🇬🇧 · Ryan Wood🇬🇧

   We present a new semi-numerical method to compute leading hadronisation corrections to two-jet event shapes in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. The formalism we present utilises the dispersive approach, where the magnitude of power corrections is controlled by suitable moments of an effective strong coupling, but it can be adapted to other methods. We focus on observables where the interplay between perturbative and non-perturbative effects is crucial in determining the power corrections. A naive treatment of power corrections for some of these observables gives rise to an unphysical behaviour in the corresponding distributions for moderate observable values, thus considerably limiting the available range to fit the non-perturbative moments. We present a universal treatment to handle such observables, based on a suitable subtraction procedure, and compare our results to the analytic result in the case of total broadening. Finally, for the first time we present predictions for the thrust major, which cannot be handled with analytic methods.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Testing BSM Physics with Gravitational Waves

   Francesco Muia🇬🇧 · Fernando Quevedo🇬🇧 · Andreas Schachner🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Villa🇬🇧

   The Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) is an irreducible background of gravitational waves generated by particle exchange in the early Universe plasma. Standard Model particles contribute to such a stochastic background with a peak at $f\sim 80$ GHz. Any physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) may modify the CGWB spectrum, making it a potential testing ground for BSM physics. We consider the impact of general BSM scenarios on the CGWB, including an arbitrary number of hidden sectors. We find that the largest amplitude of the CGWB comes from the sector that dominates the energy density after reheating and confirm the dominance of the SM for standard cosmological histories. For non-standard cosmological histories, such as those with a stiff equation of state $\omega >1/3$, like in kination, BSM physics may dominate and modify the spectrum substantially. We conclude that, if the CGWB is detected at lower frequencies and amplitudes compared to that of the SM, it will hint at extra massive degrees of freedom or hidden sectors. If it is instead measured at higher values, it will imply a period with $\omega >1/3$. We argue that for scenarios with periods of kination in the early Universe, a significant fraction of the parameter space can be ruled out from dark radiation bounds at BBN.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2023)·29 citations
3. 03*

   Parton Distribution Functions for Pseudoscalar Mesons in the COnfining Effective Chiral Quark Theory

   Parada T. P. Hutauruk🇰🇷 · Seung-il Nam🇰🇷

   This review paper presents the gluon, sea, and valence quark distributions of the pseudoscalar (PS) mesons. The calculations of the parton structure of PS mesons are performed using the Bethe-Salpeter equation-Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (BSE-NJL) model, which offers a clear description of the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (D$\chi$SB) of the low-energy nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD), with the help of the Schwinger proper-time regularization scheme that simulates the color QCD confinement. Our results for the dynamical quark mass -- which emerged from the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking (S$\chi$SB) -- are generated via the chiral condensate in the chiral limit and beyond. Results for the valence parton distribution functions for the PS meson at the factorization scale $Q=2$ GeV are in excellent agreement with experimental data and the gluon distribution for the pion fitted well with the lattice QCD and Jefferson Lab Angular Momentum (JAM) QCD global fit analysis.

   hep-phnucl-thMakara J.Sci.(2022)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Possibility of antiquark nuggets detection using meteor searching radars

   V. V. Flambaum🇦🇺 · I. B. Samsonov🇦🇺 · G. K. Vong🇦🇺

   Within the quark nugget model, dark matter particles may be represented by compact composite objects composed of a large number of quarks or antiquarks. Due to strong interaction with visible matter, antiquark nuggets should manifest themselves in the form of rare atmospheric events on the Earth. They may produce ionized trails in the atmosphere similar to the meteor trails. There are, however, several features which should allow one to distinguish antiquark nugget trails from meteor ones. We study the properties of ionized trails from antiquark nuggets in the air and show that they may be registered by standard meteor radar detectors. Non-observation of such trails pushes up the mean baryon charge number in the quark nugget model, $|B|>4\times 10^{27}$.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPPRD(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Specific three-loop contributions to $b\to s\gamma$ associated with the current-current operators

   Christoph Greub🇨🇭 · Hrachia M. Asatrian🇦🇲 · Francesco Saturnino🇨🇭 · Christoph Wiegand🇨🇭

   We work out a specific class of three-loop diagrams (of order ${\alpha }_s^2$) contributing to the decay amplitude for $b\to s\gamma$ associated with the current-current operators $O_1$ and $O_2$ at the physical value of the charm-quark mass $m_c$. For many of the considered diagrams we were able to solve the master integrals using differential equations in the canonical form. For some diagrams we did not find a transformation to canonical form and therefore calculated the corresponding master integral directly as an expansion around $z=m_c^2/m_b^2=0$, retaining power terms up to $z^{10}$ and keeping the accompanying $\log (z)$ terms to all powers. The results for the sum of all considered diagrams are given in tabular form, while contributions of individual diagrams (or combinations thereof) are given in electronic form.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·10 citations
6. 06*

   The valence quark, sea, and gluon content of the pion from the parton distribution functions and the electromagnetic form factor

   Barbara Pasquini (Pavia U & INFN-Pavia)🇮🇹 · Simone Rodini (École Polytechnique, CPHT)🇫🇷 · Simone Venturini (Pavia U & INFN-Pavia)🇮🇹

   We present a light-front model calculation of the pion parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the pion electromagnetic form factor. The pion state is modeled in terms of light-front wave functions (LFWFs) for the $q\bar{q}$, $q\bar{q}q\bar{q}$, $q\bar{q}g$, and $q\bar{q}gg$ components. We design the LFWFs so that the parameters in the longitudinal and transverse momentum space enter separately in the fit of the pion PDFs and the electromagnetic form factor, respectively. We extract the pion PDFs within the xFitter framework using available Drell-Yan and photon-production data. With the obtained parameters in the longitudinal-momentum space, we then fit the available experimental data on the pion electromagnetic form factor to constrain the remaining parameters in the transverse-momentum space. The results for the pion PDFs are compatible with existing extractions and lattice calculations, and the fit to the pion electromagnetic form factor data works quite successfully. The obtained parametrization for the LFWFs marks a step forward towards a unified description of different hadron distribution functions in both the longitudinal- and transverse-momentum space and will be further applied to a phenomenological study of transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions and generalized parton distributions.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2023)·53 citations
7. 07*

   Recent data analysis to revisit the spin structure function of nucleon in Laplace space

   Hoda Nematollahi🇮🇷 · Abolfazl Mirjalili🇮🇷 · Shahin Atashbar Tehrani🇮🇷

   Considering a fixed-flavor number scheme and based on laplace transdormation, we perform a leading-order and next-to-leading-order QCD analysis which are including world data on polarized structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$. During our analysis, taking the DGLAP evolution, we employ the Jacobi polynomials expansion technique. In our recent analysis we utilize the recent available data and consequently include more data than what we did in our previous analysis. we obtain good agreements between our results for the polarized parton densities and nucleon structure functions with all available experimental data and some common parametrization models.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
8. 08*

   $1/N_c$ Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio model: ${\pi }^0$, $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons

   A. A. Osipov🇷🇺

   We continue to study the properties of the light pseudoscalar nonet within the combined framework of Nambu -- Jona-Lasinio model and $1/N_c$ expansion, assuming that current quark masses count of order $\mathcal{O}(1/N_c)$. The masses, mixing angles and decay constants of the ${\pi }^0$, $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ are calculated. The role of the $U(1{)}_A$ anomaly is emphasized. It is shown that the gluon anomaly suppresses the leading order effects that might otherwise be substantial for the $\eta \to 3\pi$ amplitude. A detailed comparison with the known results of $1/N_c$ chiral perturbation theory is made.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
9. 09*

   Spin alignment of vector mesons from quark dynamics in a rotating medium

   Minghua Wei🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳

   Vorticities in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) are supposed to induce spin alignment and polarization phenomena of quarks and mesons. In this work, we analyze the spin alignment of vector mesons $\varphi$ and $\rho$ induced by rotation from quark dynamics in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The rotating angular velocity induces mass splitting of spin components for vector $\varphi ,\rho$ mesons $M_{\varphi ,\rho }(\Omega )\simeq M_{\varphi ,\rho }(\Omega =0)-s_z\Omega$. This behavior contributes to the spin alignment of vector mesons $\varphi ,\rho$ in an equilibrium medium and naturally explains the negative deviation of ${\rho }_{00}-1/3$ for vector mesons. Incidentally, the positive deviation of ${\rho }_{00}-1/3$ under the magnetic field can also be easily understood from quark dynamics.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·26 citations
10. 10*

    Investigating the impact of spin effects at the high-energy neutrino-nucleon interactions while it crosses the Earth's core

    R. Francener🇧🇷 · D.R. Gratieri🇧🇷 · G. Torrieri🇧🇷

    In this work, we investigate the impact of assuming the polarization of the Earth's outer core on the propagation of neutrinos that cross the all the Earth. We taking into account the spin-dependent structure functions to describe the polarized neutrino-nucleon cross-section, and also on the neutrino absorption while it crosses all of the Earth. We found that adding spin information and simultaneously assuming polarization of Earth's outer core impacts the probability of neutrino absorption in the energy range of 10 - 100 TeV and for upward neutrino direction. However, the magnitude of the effect is small and should be comparable with the magnitude of the errors associated with the IceCube neutrino data.

    hep-phnucl-th1 citation
11. 11*

    Emission of twisted photons by a scalar charged particle in a strong magnetic field

    D. Karlovets🇷🇺 · A. Di Piazza🇩🇪

    We consider the emission of a photon by a scalar charged particle in a constant and uniform magnetic field. In contrast to the conventional approach with both photon and outgoing charge being assumed to be detected, we study the case where only the charge is detected and investigate the properties of the emitted photon. The background magnetic field is taken into account exactly in the calculations and the charge is described by relativistic Landau states. It is shown that the emitted photon state represents a twisted Bessel beam with a total angular momentum given by $\ell -{\ell }^{\prime }$, where $\ell$ and ${\ell }^{\prime }$ are angular momentum quantum numbers of the initial and final charged particle, respectively. The majority of photons emitted by unpolarized charges, especially in the hard X-ray and $\gamma$-ray range and in critical and sub-critical magnetic fields, as compared to the Schwinger value of $H_c=4.4\times 10^9$ T, turn out to be twisted with $\ell -{\ell }^{\prime }\gtrsim 1$.

    hep-phquant-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
12. 12*

    Neutrino Mass and Mixing Models with Eclectic Flavor Symmetry $\Delta (27)⋊T^{\prime }$

    Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳 · Stephen F. King🇬🇧 · Cai-Chang Li🇨🇳 · Xiang-Gan Liu🇺🇸 · Jun-Nan Lu🇨🇳

    The Kähler potentials of modular symmetry models receive unsuppressed contributions which may be controlled by a flavor symmetry, where the combination of the two symmetry types is referred to as eclectic flavor symmetry. After briefly reviewing the consistency conditions of eclectic flavor symmetry models, including with generalised (g)CP, we perform a comprehensive bottom-up study of eclectic flavor symmetry models based on $\Omega (1)\cong \Delta (27)⋊T^{\prime }$, consisting of the flavor symmetry $\Delta (27)$ in a semi-direct product with the modular symmetry $T^{\prime }$. The modular transformations of different $\Delta (27)$ multiplets are given by solving the consistency condition. The eight nontrivial singlets of $\Delta (27)$ are related by $T^{\prime }$ modular symmetry, and they have to be present or absent simultaneously in any $\Omega (1)$ model. The most general forms of the superpotential and Kähler potential invariant under $\Omega (1)$ are discussed, and the corresponding fermion mass matrices are presented. Based on the eclectic flavor group $\Omega (1)$, two concrete lepton models which can successfully describe the experimental data of lepton masses and mixing parameters are constructed. For the two models without gCP, all six mixing parameters vary in small regions. A nearly maximal atmospheric mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$ and Dirac CP phase ${\delta }_{CP}$ are obtained in the first model. After considering the compatible gCP symmetry and the assumption of $\Re \tau =0$ in the first model, the $\mu -\tau$ reflection symmetry is preserved in the charged lepton diagonal basis. As a consequence, the atmospheric mixing angle and Dirac CP phase are predicted to be maximal, and two Majorana CP phases are predicted to be $\pi$.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·27 citations
13. 13*

    One-loop calculations in the chirality-flow formalism

    Andrew Lifson🇸🇪 · Simon Plätzer🇦🇹 · Malin Sjodahl🇸🇪

    In a few recent papers we introduced the chirality-flow formalism, which was shown to make calculations of tree-level Feynman diagrams simple and transparent. Chirality flow, which is based on the spinor-helicity formalism, allows to often immediately analytically write down a tree-level Feynman diagram in terms of spinor inner products. In this paper, we argue that there is also a significant simplification of the Lorentz structure at the one-loop level, at least when using the four-dimensional formulation of the four-dimensional helicity scheme. Additionally, we find that the possible terms in a tensor decomposition of loop integrals are highly constrained, and therefore the tensor reduction procedure is simplified.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
14. 14*

    Study of exclusive two-body W decays with fully reconstructible kinematics

    Alsu G. Bagdatova🇷🇺 · Sergey P. Baranov🇷🇺 · Alexander S. Sakharov🇺🇸

    In the framework of electroweak theory and perturbative quantum chromodynamics, we examine various exclusive decay channels of $W$ bosons that can be fully or partially reconstructed. Our findings provide predictions for the partial widths and address some gaps in previous literature. We also place a strong emphasis on understanding and estimating the associated theoretical uncertainties.

    hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2023)·3 citations
15. 15*

    TASI Lectures on the Particle Physics and Astrophysics of Dark Matter

    Benjamin R. Safdi🇺🇸

    These lecture notes on the particle physics and astrophysics of dark matter (DM) were delivered at TASI 2022 ``Ten Years After the Higgs Discovery: Particle Physics Now and Future." The focus of these lecture notes, aimed at the level of advanced graduate students and beginning postdocs, is on indirect (i.e., astrophysical and cosmological) probes of particle DM models. While DM models and indirect detection are broadly discussed, the examples of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) and axions are worked out in detail. The topics covered include: the role of DM in the cosmology and astrophysics of structure formation, including DM density profiles in galaxies, general constraints on particle DM models, the theory of minimal DM, with the higgsino as a relevant and illustrative example, indirect detection with gamma-rays, including with the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, axions as a solution to the strong-CP problem and a DM candidate, including discussions of possible ultraviolet completions and of axion string cosmology, and astrophysical probes of axions such as with isocurvature perturbations, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, black hole superradiance, radio telescopes, spectral modulations, stellar polarization, and stellar cooling, amongst other topics. Example Jupyter notebooks are provided that walk the reader through relevant analyses, including an example statistical analysis of a DM annihilation search towards the Segue I dwarf galaxy with gamma-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope that is relevant for DM explanations of the Fermi Galactic Center Excess. We also provide an introduction to frequentist statistics for particle and astro-particle physics. These lecture notes are meant to be pedagogical, with the focus on explaining the underlying physical principles and analysis techniques that are set to play crucial roles in the search for particle DM in the coming decade.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPoS(2024)·62 citations
16. 16*

    From $D_s\to \gamma$ in lattice QCD to $B_s\to \mu \mu \gamma$ at high $q^2$

    Diego Guadagnoli🇫🇷 · Camille Normand🇫🇷 · Silvano Simula🇮🇹 · Ludovico Vittorio🇫🇷

    We use a recent lattice determination of the vector and axial $D_s\to \gamma$ form factors at high squared momentum transfer $q^2$ to infer their $B_s\to \gamma$ counterparts. To this end, we introduce a phenomenological approach summarized as follows. First, we describe the lattice data with different fit templates motivated by vector-meson dominance, that is expected to hold in the high-$q^2$ region considered. We identify reference fit ansaetze with one or two physical poles, that we validate against alternative templates. Then, the pole residues can be unambiguously related to the appropriate couplings involving the pseudoscalar, the vector mesons concerned, and the photon -- or tri-couplings -- and the latter can be expressed as sums over quark magnetic moments, weighed by their e.m. charges. This description obeys a well-defined heavy-quark scaling, that allows to parametrically scale up the form factors to the $B_s\to \gamma$ case. We discuss a number of cross-checks of the whole approach, whose validation rests ultimately in a first-principle determination, e.g. in lattice QCD. Finally, we use our obtained form factors to reassess the SM prediction of $\mathcal{B}(B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma )$ in the range $\sqrt{q^2}\in [4.2,5.0]$ GeV, where an experimental measurement is awaited.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2023)·19 citations
17. 17*

    Bayesian uncertainty quantification of perturbative QCD input to the neutron-star equation of state

    Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Oleg Komoltsev🇳🇴 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴 · Aleksas Mazeliauskas🇩🇪

    The equation of state of neutron-star cores can be constrained by requiring a consistent connection to the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) calculations at high densities. The constraining power of the QCD input depends on uncertainties from missing higher-order terms, the choice of the unphysical renormalization scale, and the reference density where QCD calculations are performed. Within a Bayesian approach, we discuss the convergence of the perturbative QCD series, quantify its uncertainties at high densities, and present a framework to systematically propagate the uncertainties down to neutron-star densities. We find that the effect of the QCD input on the neutron-star inference is insensitive to the various unphysical choices made in the uncertainty estimation.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thJHEP(2023)·50 citations
18. 18*

    The Primordial Black Hole Formation from Single-Field Inflation is Still Not Ruled Out

    A. Riotto🇨🇭

    In response to a recent criticism, appeared in arXiv:2303.00341, we argue that the standard scenario to form primordial black holes in the early universe based on a phase of ultra-slow-roll in single-field inflation is not ruled out.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-th114 citations
19. 19*

    Wilson-line Scalar Mass in Flux Compactification on an Orbifold $T^2/Z_2$

    Nobuhito Maru🇯🇵 · Hiroki Tanaka🇯🇵

    In a torus compactification with magnetic flux, the scalar field generated from the higher dimensional gauge field becomes the Nambu-Goldstone boson of the translational symmetry in extra spaces and the mass of the scalar field is not allowed. In this paper, we explicitly show that the one-loop quantum correction to the mass of the scalar field is generated at fixed points in a case of an orbifold compactification $T^2/Z_2$ with magnetic flux. This is because the scalar field is a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson as a result of explicit breaking of the translational symmetry by the fixed points. This result might be possible to shed a new light on the solution of the hierarchy problem.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph2 citations
20. 20*

    Configurable calorimeter simulation for AI applications

    Francesco Armando Di Bello🇮🇹 · Anton Charkin-Gorbulin🇱🇺 · Kyle Cranmer🇺🇸 · Etienne Dreyer🇮🇱 · Sanmay Ganguly🇯🇵 · Eilam Gross🇮🇱 · Lukas Heinrich🇩🇪 · Lorenzo Santi🇮🇹 · Marumi Kado🇮🇹 · Nilotpal Kakati🇮🇱 · Patrick Rieck🇺🇸 · Matteo Tusoni🇮🇹

    A configurable calorimeter simulation for AI (COCOA) applications is presented, based on the Geant4 toolkit and interfaced with the Pythia event generator. This open-source project is aimed to support the development of machine learning algorithms in high energy physics that rely on realistic particle shower descriptions, such as reconstruction, fast simulation, and low-level analysis. Specifications such as the granularity and material of its nearly hermetic geometry are user-configurable. The tool is supplemented with simple event processing including topological clustering, jet algorithms, and a nearest-neighbors graph construction. Formatting is also provided to visualise events using the Phoenix event display software.

    ↳ hep-excs.LGhep-phphysics.ins-detMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2023)·8 citations
21. 21*

    Higgs-confinement continuity and matching of Aharonov-Bohm phases

    Yui Hayashi🇯🇵

    Some gauge theories with a spontaneously broken $U(1)$ symmetry exhibit fractional Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases around vortices in the Higgs regime. We discuss continuity between confining and Higgs regimes in such gauge theories with fundamental matter fields, focusing on the AB phases. By explicit calculations in relevant lattice models, we demonstrate that the AB phase is smoothly connected between the confining and Higgs regimes, supporting the Higgs-confinement continuity. This result provides new insight into phase structures of gauge theories with superfluidity, such as dense QCD.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phnucl-thPRL(2024)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Planck Constraints and Gravitational Wave Forecasts for Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Seeded by Multifield Inflation

    Wenzer Qin🇺🇸 · Sarah R. Geller🇺🇸 · Shyam Balaji🇫🇷 · Evan McDonough🇨🇦 · David I. Kaiser🇺🇸

    We perform a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of a simple yet generic multifield inflation model characterized by two scalar fields coupled to each other and nonminimally coupled to gravity, fit to Planck 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. In particular, model parameters are constrained by data on the amplitude of the primordial power spectrum of scalar curvature perturbations on CMB scales $A_s$, the spectral index $n_s$, and the ratio of power in tensor to scalar modes $r$, with a prior that the primordial power spectrum should also lead to primordial black hole (PBH) production sufficient to account for the observed dark matter (DM) abundance. We find that $n_s$ in particular controls the constraints on our model. Whereas previous studies of PBH formation from an ultra-slow-roll phase of inflation have highlighted the need for at least one model parameter to be highly fine-tuned, we identify a degeneracy direction in parameter space such that shifts by $\sim 10\%$ of one parameter can be compensated by comparable shifts in other parameters while preserving a close fit between model predictions and observations. Furthermore, we find this allowed parameter region produces observable gravitational wave (GW) signals in the frequency ranges to which upcoming experiments are projected to be sensitive, including Advanced LIGO and Virgo, the Einstein Telescope (ET), Cosmic Explorer (CE), DECIGO, and LISA.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·59 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.