Fri·Mar 3, 2023Friday·March 3, 2023

1. 01*

   Stellar limits on scalars from electron-nucleus bremsstrahlung

   Salvatore Bottaro🇮🇱 · Andrea Caputo🇨🇭 · Georg Raffelt🇩🇪 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇮🇱

   We revisit stellar energy-loss bounds on the Yukawa couplings $g_{\mathrm{B},\mathrm{L}}$ of baryophilic and leptophilic scalars $\varphi$. The white-dwarf luminosity function yields $g_{\mathrm{B}}\lesssim 7\times 10^{-13}$ and $g_{\mathrm{L}}\lesssim 4\times 10^{-16}$, based on bremsstrahlung from ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ collisions with electrons. In models with a Higgs portal, this also implies a bound on the scalar-Higgs mixing angle $\sin \theta \lesssim 2\times 10^{-10}$. Our new bounds apply for $m_{\varphi }\lesssim 1\mathrm{keV}$ and are among the most restrictive ones, whereas for $m_{\varphi }\lesssim 0.5\mathrm{eV}$ long-range force measurements dominate. Besides a detailed calculation of the bremsstrahlung rate for degenerate and semi-relativistic electrons, we prove with a simple argument that non-relativistic bremsstrahlung by the heavy partner is suppressed relative to that by the light one by their squared-mass ratio. This large reduction was overlooked in previous much stronger bounds on $g_{\mathrm{B}}$. In an Appendix, we provide fitting formulas (few percent precision) for the bremsstrahlung emission of baryophilic and leptophilic scalars as well as axions for white-dwarf conditions, i.e., degenerate, semi-relativistic electrons and ion-ion correlations in the ``liquid'' phase.

   hep-phastro-ph.SRJCAP(2023)·76 citations
2. 02*

   UV physics from IR features: new prospects from top flavor violation

   Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · Stefania Gori🇺🇸 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · Jianhong Zuo🇺🇸

   New physics in the rare top decays $t\to q{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ is currently very weakly constrained. We show that in a large class of Standard Model extensions, existing experimental constraints on new physics in flavor-conserving processes imply strong indirect bounds on new physics contributions to flavor-violating processes of the form $t\to q{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$. These indirect bounds arise from basic principles of quantum field theory together with a few generic conditions on the UV structure of the theory, and are roughly an order of magnitude stronger than the present experimental bounds on the same processes. These constraints provide a theoretically motivated target for experimental searches for $t\to q{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$: violation of these bounds would exclude a large class of new physics models, and would provide nontrivial insight into the UV behavior of the new physics.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·28 citations
3. 03*

   ATLAS vs TOTEM: Disturbing Divergence

   Vladimir A. Petrov🇷🇺 · Nikolai P. Tkachenko🇷🇺

   With use of a new $C+N$ amplitude which correctly accounts for CNI to all orders in $\alpha$ the values of the parameters ${\rho }^{pp},{\sigma }_{\text{mbox}tot}^{pp}$ and $B^{pp}$ are analysed on the basis of data published by the TOTEM and ATLAS collaborations at energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV . The result of both joint and separate analyses of these data confirmed, in particular, a noticeable difference between the central values of ${\sigma }_{tot}^{pp}$, as measured by the TOTEM and by the ATLAS-ALFA, reaching up to 8 standard deviations.

   hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.(2023)·7 citations
4. 04*

   Footprints of New Physics in the angular distribution of $B_c\to D_s^{\ast }(\to D_s\gamma ,(D_s\pi )){\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays

   Marwah Zaki🇵🇰 · M. Ali Paracha🇵🇰 · Faisal Munir Bhutta🇵🇰

   We investigate the angular decay distribution of the four-fold $B_c\to D_s^{\ast }(\to D_s\gamma ){\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, and $B_c\to D_s^{\ast }(\to D_s\pi ){\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays that proceed through $b\to s{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ quark level transition. We use the model independent effective Hamiltonian with vector and axial vector new physics operators to formulate the angular observables and study the implications of different latest new physics scenarios, taken from the global fits to all the $b\to s$ data, on these observables. We also give Standard Model and new physics predictions of several observables such as differential branching ratios, forward backward asymmetry, longitudinal polarization fraction of $D_s^{\ast }$, and the unpolarized and polarized lepton flavor universality violating ratios. Future measurements of the predicted angular observables, both at current and future high energy colliders, will add to the useful complementary data required to clarify the structure of new physics in $b\to s\ell \ell$ neutral current decays.

   hep-phNPB(2023)·13 citations
5. 05*

   Flipped SU(6) Unification of the $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(3{)}_L\times U(1{)}_X$ Model

   Fei Wang🇨🇳

   We propose to partially unify the sequential $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(3{)}_L\times U(1{)}_X$ model (with $\beta =1/\sqrt{3}$) into the flipped $SU(6)$ model with the gauge group $SU(6)\times U(1{)}_K$. Gauge anomaly cancellation can easily be satisfied. We discuss the relevant Higgs sector, the low energy $331$ model spectrum and the unification of $SU(3{)}_c$ and $SU(3{)}_L$ gauge couplings. Neutrino masses generation and successful gauge coupling unification can set lower/upper bounds on the $331$ breaking scale. The partial proton decay lifetime of various channels, for example, the $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ channel, in flipped SU(6) GUT are discussed. We find that certain parameter region with $M_{331}\sim 10^{15}$ GeV of case II (for case with $M_{331}$ scale ${\tilde{\mathbf{H}}}_{3,8}$ Higgs field) can predict a partial proton lifetime of order $10^{34}$ years for $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ mode, which can be tested soon by future DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
6. 06*

   The $\Xi (1620)$ and $\Xi (1690)$ molecular states from $S=-2$ meson-baryon interaction up to next-to-leading order

   A. Feijoo🇪🇸 · V. Valcarce🇪🇸 · V.K. Magas🇪🇸

   We have studied the meson-baryon interaction in the neutral $S=-2$ sector using an extended Unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory, which takes into account not only the leading Weinberg-Tomozawa term (as all the previous studies in $S=-2$ sector), but also the Born terms and next-to-leading order contribution. Based on the SU(3) symmetry of the chiral Lagrangian we took most of the model parameters from the BCN model \cite{Feijoo:2018den}, where these were fitted to a large amount of experimental data in the neutral $S=-1$ sector. We have shown that our approach is able to generate dynamically both $\Xi (1620)$ and $\Xi (1690)$ states in very reasonable agreement with the data, and can naturally explain the puzzle with the decay branching ratios of $\Xi (1690)$. Our results clearly illustrate the reliability of chiral models implementing unitarization in coupled channels and the importance of considering Born and NLO contributions for precise calculations.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·25 citations
7. 07*

   Radiative corrections to the ${\tau }^{-}\to (P_1{P}_2{)}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ ($P_{1,2}=\pi ,K$) decays

   Rafel Escribano🇪🇸 · Alejandro Miranda🇪🇸 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽

   The radiative corrections to the ${\tau }^{-}\to (P_1{P}_2{)}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ ($P_{1,2}=\pi ,K$) decays are calculated for the first time including the structure-dependent real photon corrections, which are obtained using Resonance Chiral Theory. Our results, whose uncertainty is dominated by the model-dependence of the resummation of the radiative corrections and the missing virtual structure-dependent contributions, allow for precise tests of CKM unitarity, lepton flavour universality and non-standard interactions.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·22 citations
8. 08*

   Evaporation Barrier for Dark Matter in Celestial Bodies

   Javier F. Acevedo🇺🇸 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Juri Smirnov🇬🇧

   The minimum testable dark matter (DM) mass for almost all DM signatures in celestial bodies is determined by the rate at which DM evaporates. DM evaporation has previously been calculated assuming a competition between the gravitational potential of the object, and thermal kicks from the celestial-body matter. We point out a new effect, where mediators with a range larger than the interparticle spacing induce a force proportional to the density gradient of celestial objects, forming an evaporation barrier for the DM. This effect can be so significant that evaporation does not occur even for sub-MeV DM, in stark contrast to previous calculations. This opens up a wide range of new light DM searches, many orders of magnitude in DM mass below the sensitivity of direct detection.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRJCAP(2024)·35 citations
9. 09*

   MAGO2.0: Electromagnetic Cavities as Mechanical Bars for Gravitational Waves

   Asher Berlin🇺🇸 · Diego Blas🇪🇸 · Raffaele Tito D'Agnolo🇫🇷 · Sebastian A. R. Ellis🇨🇭 · Roni Harnik🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Jan Schütte-Engel🇺🇸 · Michael Wentzel🇺🇸

   Superconducting cavities can operate analogously to Weber bar detectors of gravitational waves, converting mechanical to electromagnetic energy. The significantly reduced electromagnetic noise results in increased sensitivity to high-frequency signals well outside the bandwidth of the lowest mechanical resonance. In this work, we revisit such signals of gravitational waves and demonstrate that a setup similar to the existing "MAGO" prototype, operating in a scanning or broadband manner, could have sensitivity to strains of $\sim 10^{-22}-10^{-18}$ for frequencies of $\sim 10\text{kHz}-1\text{GHz}$.

   hep-phastro-ph.IMgr-qchep-exPRD(2023)·103 citations
10. 10*

    Non-universal gauge interactions addressing the inescapable link between Higgs and Flavour

    Joe Davighi🇨🇭 · Gino Isidori🇨🇭

    We systematically explore ultraviolet complete models where flavour hierarchies emerge, via approximate accidental symmetries, from an underlying flavour non-universal gauge structure. In order to avoid large quantum corrections to the Higgs mass, the first layer of non-universality, separating the third generation from the light ones, should appear at the TeV scale. A handful of models survive the combined criteria of naturalness in the Higgs sector, having a semi-simple embedding in the UV, and compatibility with experiments. They all feature quark-lepton unification in the third family and a non-universal electroweak sector. We study in more detail the interesting option of having colour and hypercharge non-universal at the TeV scale, while $\mathrm{SU}(2{)}_L$ remains universal up to high scales: this gauge structure turns to be very efficient in secluding the Higgs from large quantum corrections and predicting flavour mixing consistent with data. In all cases, these models imply a rich TeV-scale phenomenology within the reach of near-future direct and indirect experimental searches.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·71 citations
11. 11*

    Probing long-lived axions at the KOTO experiment

    Yoav Afik🇨🇭 · Babette Döbrich🇩🇪 · Jan Jerhot🇧🇪 · Yotam Soreq🇮🇱 · Kohsaku Tobioka🇺🇸

    While the main goal of the J-PARC KOTO experiment is to measure the rare decay $K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu }$, the unique setup of KOTO raises the possibility to search for physics beyond the Standard Model, in an attempt to probe parts of the parameter space which are not covered by other experiments. In this paper, we test the possibility of using KOTO to search for heavy QCD axions, or axion-like particles, a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model emerging in a variety of models. In particular, we estimate the sensitivity of the current KOTO setup as well as the KOTO Step-2 for various benchmark scenarios of axion coupling to the Standard Model. We find that KOTO Step-2 can probe new regions in the parameter space, while KOTO with its current form can only reaffirm the existing bounds. The obtained axion datasets are available as an update of the public code of the ALPINIST framework, including implementation of KOTO setups in the simulation, allowing for interpretation of various analyses as searches for axions in custom models.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·28 citations
12. 12*

    Lighting up the LHC with Dark Matter

    Sebastian Baum🇺🇸 · Marcela Carena🇺🇸 · Tong Ou🇺🇸 · Duncan Rocha🇺🇸 · Nausheen R. Shah🇺🇸 · Carlos E. M. Wagner🇺🇸

    We show that simultaneously explaining dark matter and the observed value of the muon's magnetic dipole moment may lead to yet unexplored photon signals at the LHC. We consider the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with electroweakino masses in the few-to-several hundred GeV range, and opposite sign of the Bino mass parameter with respect to both the Higgsino and Wino mass parameters. In such region of parameter space, the spin-independent elastic scattering cross section of a Bino-like dark matter candidate in direct detection experiment is suppressed by cancellations between different amplitudes, and the observed dark matter relic density can be realized via Bino-Wino co-annihilation. Moreover, the observed value of the muon's magnetic dipole moment can be explained by Bino and Wino loop contributions. Interestingly, "radiative" decays of Wino-like neutralinos into the lightest neutralino and a photon are enhanced, whereas decays into leptons are suppressed. While these decay patterns weaken the reach of multi-lepton searches at the LHC, the radiative decay opens a new window for probing dark matter at the LHC through the exploration of parameter space regions beyond those currently accessible. To complement the current electroweakino searches, we propose searching for a single (soft) photon plus missing transverse energy, accompanied by a hard initial state radiation jet.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·22 citations
13. 13*

    Towards the Precision Nucleon Energy-Energy Correlator in Lepton-Ion Collisions

    Haotian Cao🇨🇳 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    The nucleon energy-energy correlator (NEEC) was proposed in 2209.02080 as a new way of studying nucleon intrinsic dynamics. In this work, we present a detailed derivation of the factorization theorem that enables the measurement of the unpolarized NEEC in lepton-ion collisions. As a first step towards a precise measurement of this quantity, we obtained the next-to-leading-logarithmic (NLL, $\sim \mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^n{L}^{n-1})$) resummation in a concise analytic form, and predicted the analytic $\theta$-angle distribution at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$. Extending our analytic resummation formula to higher logarithmic accuracy and the factorization theorem to hadron-hadron collisions is straightforward.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2023)·60 citations
14. 14*

    Excitation functions of related temperatures of {\eta} and {\eta}0 emission sources from squared momentum transfer spectra in high-energy collisions

    Qi Wang🇨🇳 · Fu-Hu Liu🇨🇳 · Khusniddin K. Olimov🇺🇿

    The squared momentum transfer spectra of $\eta$ and ${\eta }^0$, produced in high-energy photon-proton ($\gamma p$) $\to \eta ({\eta }^0)+p$ processes in electron-proton ($ep$) collisions performed at CEBAF, NINA, CEA, SLAC, DESY, and WLS are analyzed. The Monte Carlo calculations are used in the analysis of the squared momentum transfer spectra, where the transfer undergoes from the incident $\gamma$ to emitted $\eta ({\eta }^0)$ or equivalently from the target proton to emitted proton. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution and Tsallis-Levy function are used to describe the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of emitted particles. Our results show that the average transverse momentum ($⟨p_T⟩$), the initial-state temperature ($T_i$), and the final-state temperature ($T_0$) roughly decrease from the lower center-of-mass energy ($W$) to the higher one in the concerned energy range of a few GeV, which is different from the excitation function from heavy-ion collisions in the similar energy range.

    hep-phnucl-thUniverse(2023)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Instantons, analytic continuation, and $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric field theory

    Scott Lawrence🇺🇸 · Christian Peterson🇺🇸 · Paul Romatschke🇺🇸 · Ryan Weller🇺🇸

    Ordinary Hermitian $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ theory is known to exist in $d<4$ dimensions when $\lambda >0$. For negative values of the coupling, it has been suggested that a physical meaningful definition of the interacting theory can be given in terms of $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric field theory. In this work, we critically re-examine the relation between analytically continued Hermitian field theory with quartic interaction, and $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric field theory, including $O(N)$ models. We find that in general $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric field theory does not correspond to the analytic continuation of the Hermitian theory, except at high temperature where the instanton contribution present in the analytically continued theory can be neglected.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·25 citations
16. 16*

    Where are the Cascades from Blazar Jets? An Emerging Tension in the $\gamma$-ray sky

    Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Oindrila Ghosh🇸🇪 · Sunniva Jacobsen🇸🇪 · Tim Linden🇸🇪

    Blazars are among the most powerful accelerators and are expected to produce a bright TeV $\gamma$-ray flux. However, TeV $\gamma$-rays are attenuated by interactions with intergalactic radiation before reaching Earth. These interactions produce cascades that transfer TeV power into the GeV band, powering both extended halos around bright sources and a large contribution to the isotropic $\gamma$-ray background (IGRB). Using conservative blazar models and recent IGRB measurements, we rule out scenarios where blazars effectively transfer their multi-TeV power into GeV $\gamma$-rays. Three possible solutions include: (1) strong spectral cuts on bright blazars, which are increasingly in tension with local blazar data, (2) collective plasma effects that can prevent the development of blazar cascades, the effectiveness of which is debated, (3) an increase in the $\gamma$-ray opacity from axion-like particles.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph10 citations
17. 17*

    Via Machinae 2.0: Full-Sky, Model-Agnostic Search for Stellar Streams in Gaia DR2

    David Shih🇺🇸 · Matthew R. Buckley🇺🇸 · Lina Necib🇺🇸

    We present an update to Via Machinae, an automated stellar stream-finding algorithm based on the deep learning anomaly detector ANODE. Via Machinae identifies stellar streams within Gaia, using only angular positions, proper motions, and photometry, without reference to a model of the Milky Way potential for orbit integration or stellar distances. This new version, Via Machinae 2.0, includes many improvements and refinements to nearly every step of the algorithm, that altogether result in more robust and visually distinct stream candidates than our original formulation. In this work, we also provide a quantitative estimate of the false positive rate of Via Machinae 2.0 by applying it to a simulated Gaia-mock catalog based on Galaxia, a smooth model of the Milky Way that does not contain substructure or stellar streams. Finally, we perform the first full-sky search for stellar streams with Via Machinae 2.0, identifying 102 streams at high significance within the Gaia Data Release 2, of which only 10 have been previously identified. While follow-up observations for further confirmation are required, taking into account the false positive rate presented in this work, we expect approximately 90 of these stream candidates to correspond to real stellar structures.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phMNRAS(2024)·22 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.