Tue·Oct 11, 2022Tuesday·October 11, 2022

1. 01*

   SIDIS-RC EvGen: a Monte-Carlo event generator of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering with the lowest-order QED radiative corrections

   Duane Byer🇺🇸 · Vladimir Khachatryan🇺🇸 · Haiyan Gao🇺🇸 · Igor Akushevich🇺🇸 · Alexander Ilyichev🇧🇾 · Chao Peng🇺🇸 · Alexei Prokudin🇺🇸 · Stan Srednyak🇺🇸 · Zhiwen Zhao🇺🇸

   SIDIS-RC EvGen is a C++ standalone Monte-Carlo event generator for studies of semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes at medium to high lepton beam energies. In particular, the generator contains binary and library components for generating SIDS events and calculating cross sections for unpolarized or longitudinally polarized beam and unpolarized, longitudinally or transversely polarized target. The structure of the generator incorporates transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions, whereby we obtain multi-dimensional binned simulation results, which will facilitate the extraction of important information about the three-dimensional nucleon structure from SIDIS measurements. In order to build this software, we have used recent elaborate QED calculations of the lowest-order radiative effects, applied to the leading order Born cross section in SIDIS. In this paper, we provide details on the theoretical formalism as well as the construction and operation of SIDIS-RC EvGen, e.g., how we handle the event generation process and perform multi-dimensional integration. We also provide example programs, flowcharts, and numerical results on azimuthal transverse single-spin asymmetries.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exphysics.comp-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2023)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Production of ${\chi }_c$ and ${\eta }_c$ production in ultra-peripheral collisions with two-photon processes

   Gongming Yu🇨🇳 · Yanbing Cai🇨🇳 · Quangui Gao🇨🇳 · Qiang Hu🇨🇳

   We calculate the production of ${\chi }_c$ and ${\eta }_c$ by the semi-coherent and coherent two-photon interaction in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies. The differential cross section of transverse momentum distribution and rapidity distribution for $AB\stackrel{\gamma \gamma }{⟶}AHB$ (H=${\chi }_c$ and ${\eta }_c$), are estimated by using the equivalent photon approximation in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. The numerical results demonstrate that the experimental study of ${\chi }_c$ and ${\eta }_c$ in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions is feasible at RHIC and LHC energies.

   hep-phnucl-th0 citations
3. 03*

   A convolution formalism for defining spatial densities of hadrons

   Adam Freese🇺🇸 · Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

   We clarify the meaning of spatial densities of hadrons. A physical density is given by the expectation value of a local operator for a physical state, and depends on both internal structure and the hadron's wave packet. In some particular cases, the physical density can be written as a convolution between a density function that depends on internal structure but not wave packet, and a smearing function that depends on wave packet but not internal structure. We show that the light front densities often encountered in the literature have this property but that instant form densities do not. For hadrons prepared in broad wave packets, physical instant form densities approximately obey such a convolution relation, with Breit frame densities as the apparent internal densities. However, there is an infinite series of relativistic corrections to this convolution formula.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·34 citations
4. 04*

   Axions in the Early Universe

   Francesco D'Eramo🇮🇹

   The Peccei-Quinn solution to the strong CP problem provides a motivated framework rich in cosmological consequence. Thermal axion production is unavoidable if there is a thermal bath at early times. Scattering and decay processes of bath particles can dump relativistic axions in the primordial plasma, and they can leave observable signatures in cosmological observables probing both the early and the late universe if produced with a significant abundance. We present recent and significant improvements for the calculation of the axion production rate for different scenarios and apply these results to predict the abundance of produced axions. Finally, we provide updated cosmological bounds on the QCD axion mass.

   hep-phastro-ph.COSciPost Phys.Proc.(2023)·2 citations
5. 05*

   SQM2022: Theory Overview in Heavy-Ion Physics

   Joseph Kapusta🇺🇸

   An overview is presented of the many open, interesting questions regarding the behavior of matter at large temperatures and chemical potentials.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2023)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Production of dibaryon $d_{N\Omega }$ in kaon induced reactions

   Jing Liu🇨🇳 · Qi-Fang Lü🇨🇳 · Chun-Hua Liu🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Yu-Bing Dong🇨🇳

   In this work, we propose to investigate the $d_{N\Omega }$ dibaryon production in the process $K^{-}p\to d_{N\Omega }{\bar{\Xi }}^0$ by utilizing the kaon beam with the typical momentum to be around 10 GeV, which may be available at COMPASS, OKA@U-70 and SPS@CERN. The cross sections for $K^{-}p\to d_{N\Omega }{\bar{\Xi }}^0$ are estimated and in particular, the magnitude of the cross sections are evaluated to be several hundreds nanobarn at $P_K=20$ GeV. Considering that $d_{N\Omega }$ dibaryon dominantly decay into $\Xi \Lambda$ and $\Xi \Sigma$, we also estimate the cross sections for $K^{-}p\to {\Xi }^0\Lambda {\bar{\Xi }}^0$ and $K^{-}p\to {\Xi }^{-}{\Sigma }^{+}{\bar{\Xi }}^0$, where the $d_{N\Omega }$ dibaryon can be observed in the invariant mass distributions of ${\Xi }^0\Lambda$ and ${\Xi }^{-}{\Sigma }^{+}$, respectively.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Test of quantum nonlocality via vector meson decays to $K_S{K}_S$

   Pei-Cheng Jiang🇨🇳 · Xuan Wang🇨🇳 · Da-Yong Wang🇨🇳

   In the system of a pair of quantum-entangled neutral kaons from meson decays, when one kaon collapses into the $K_S$ state, the other will collapse instantaneously into the $K_L$ state due to entanglement and nonlocality. However, if the alternative hypothesis is correct and there's a time window during which one kaon is unaware that the other has decayed, some quantum mechanically prohibited $K_S{K}_S$ decays may occur. We calculate the branching ratios of $K_S{K}_S$ in vector meson decays under the locality hypothesis and compare them with experimental results. We show that the branching ratio of $J/\psi \to K_S{K}_S$ under locality assumption is already excluded by the BESIII experimental upper limit. Additional experimental results are proposed to perform this test in the future.

   hep-phhep-exInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2021)·1 citation
8. 08*

   One-loop Matching of Scotogenic Model onto Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to Dimension 7

   Yi Liao🇨🇳 · Xiao-Dong Ma🇨🇳

   The scotogenic neutrino seesaw model is a minimal extension of the standard model with three ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-odd right-handed singlet fermions $N$ and one ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-odd Higgs doublet $\eta$ that can accommodate the tiny neutrino mass and provide a dark matter candidate in a unified picture. Due to lack of experimental signatures for electroweak scale new physics, it is appealing to assume these new particles are well above the electroweak scale and take the effective field theory approach to study their effects on low energy observables. In this work we apply the recently developed functional matching formalism to the one-loop matching of the model onto the standard model effective field theory up to dimension seven for the case when all new states $N$ and $\eta$ are heavy to be integrated out. This is a realistic example which has no tree-level matching due to the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry. Using the matching results, we analyze their phenomenological implications for several physical processes, including the lepton number violating effect, the CDF $W$ mass excess, and the lepton flavor violating decays like $\mu \to e\gamma$ and $\mu \to 3e$.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·11 citations
9. 09*

   Strange hidden-charm $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4459)$ and $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ pentaquarks and additional $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }$, $P_{\psi s}^{\Sigma }$ and $P_{\psi ss}^N$ candidates in a quark model approach

   Pablo G. Ortega🇪🇸 · David R. Entem🇪🇸 · Francisco Fernandez🇪🇸

   Hidden-charm pentaquark-like $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4459{)}^0$ and $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ resonances are studied in a constituent quark model as molecular meson-baryon structures. Such states are found in the $J^P(I)={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}(0)$ channel with masses and widths compatible with the experimental measurements in a coupled-channels calculation with all the parameters constrained from previous studies. Other candidates are explored in the $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$ channels in the charm and bottom sectors, with isospins $0$ ($P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }$ and $P_{{\rm Y}s}^{\Lambda }$) and $1$ ($P_{\psi s}^{\Sigma }$ and $P_{{\rm Y}s}^{\Sigma }$). Additionally, the formalism is extended to study the $P_{\psi ss}^N$ ($P_{{\rm Y}ss}^N$) pentaquarks, where eight candidates are predicted as ${\bar{D}}_s{\Xi }_c$ molecules in $I=\frac{1}{2}$, with $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$ for the charm sector and nine candidates as $B_s{\Xi }_b$ for the bottom one.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2023)·48 citations
10. 10*

    Charmonium production in pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

    Biswarup Paul🇮🇳 · Mahatsab Mandal🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳 · Sukalyan Chattapadhyay🇮🇳

    We have performed a systematic study of J/$\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) production in p--p collisions at different Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies and at different rapidities using the leading order non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics model of heavy quarkonium production. We have included the contributions from hiher excited states decaying to J$\psi$ . The calculated values have been compared with the available data from the four experiments at LHC, namely ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb. In the case of ALICE, inclusive J/$\psi$ and $\psi$(2S) cross-sections have been calculated by including the feed-down from B mesons using a fixed-order next-to-leading logarithm formalism. It is found that all the experimental cross-sections are well described for $p_{\mathrm{T}}>$ 3 GeV within the theoretical uncertainties arising due to the choices of the factorization and renormalization scales.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exDAE Symp.Nucl.Phys.(2014)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Fundamentals of electroweak theory

    Jiri Horejsi🇨🇿

    The present text is an updated version of an earlier author's book on the electroweak theory (published originally in 2002, ISBN 80-246-0639-9). It reflects the ultimate completion of the standard model by the long-awaited discovery of the Higgs boson (ten years after the first edition) and incorporates also some minor corrections of the previous text, removing typos, etc. As regards an immediate motivation to come up with such an update of the original rather old book, the 10th anniversary of the Higgs boson discovery seems to be an opportune moment for doing it now. The publication of the current upgraded text within the e-print arXiv is aimed at its best possible availability for any interested reader.

    hep-phhep-th10 citations
12. 12*

    Impact of inclusive jet cross sections with low transverse momenta on the determination of gluon parton distributions in pp collisions

    Deniz Sunar Cerci🇹🇷 · Salim Cerci🇹🇷 · Katarzyna Wichmann🇩🇪

    Jet production at hadron colliders provides constraints on the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, in particular on the gluon distribution. In the present paper, the impact on PDF of CMS inclusive differential jet cross sections at center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV for jets with low momentum $p{}_{\mathrm{T}}$ and produced in the forward direction is investigated at next-to leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The results of the QCD global analysis are compared with theoretical predictions. The impact of low-$p{}_{\mathrm{T}}$ jet measurements on the determination of the gluon distribution is assessed. The inclusion of the discussed measurements adds further constraints on the uncertainty of the gluon distribution at large Bjorken $x>0.1$, where the low-$p_T$ data have the largest impact.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
13. 13*

    Transition form factors and angular distributions of the ${\mathbf{\Lambda }}_{\mathbf{b}}\to \mathbf{\Lambda }(1520)(\to \mathbf{N}\bar{\mathbf{K}}){\mathbf{\ell }}^{+}{\mathbf{\ell }}^{-}$ decay supported by baryon spectroscopy

    Yu-Shuai Li🇨🇳 · Su-Ping Jin🇨🇳 · Jing Gao🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

    We calculate the weak transition form factors of the ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda (1520)$ transition, and further calculate the angular distributions of the rare decays ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda (1520)(\to N\bar{K}){\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ ($N\bar{K}=\{p{K}^{-},n{\bar{K}}^0\}$) with unpolarized ${\Lambda }_b$ and massive leptons. The form factors are calculated by the three-body light-front quark model with the support of numerical wave functions of ${\Lambda }_b$ and $\Lambda (1520)$ from solving the semirelativistic potential model associated with the Gaussian expansion method. By fitting the mass spectrum of the observed single bottom and charmed baryons, the parameters of the potential model are fixed, so this strategy can avoid the uncertainties arising from the choice of a simple harmonic oscillator wave function of the baryons. With more data accumulated in the LHCb experiment, our result can help for exploring the ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda (1520){\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decay and deepen our understanding on the $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ processes.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·24 citations
14. 14*

    Monoenergetic Neutrinos from WIMP Annihilation in Jupiter

    George M. French🇺🇸 · Marc Sher🇺🇸

    Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) can be captured by the Sun and annihilate in the core, which may result in production of kaons that can decay at rest into monoenergetic 236 MeV neutrinos. Several studies of detection of these neutrinos at DUNE have been carried out. It has been shown that if the WIMP mass is below 4 GeV, then they will evaporate prior to annihilation, suppressing the signal. Since Jupiter has a cooler core, WIMPs with masses in the 1-4 GeV range will not evaporate and can thus annihilate into monoenergetic neutrinos. We calculate the flux of these neutrinos near the surface of Jupiter and find that it is comparable to the flux at DUNE for masses above 4 GeV and substantially greater in the 1-4 GeV range. Of course, detecting these neutrinos would require a neutrino detector near Jupiter. Obviously, it will be many decades before such a detector can be built, but should direct detection experiments find a WIMP with a mass in the 1-4 GeV range, it may be one of the few ways to learn about the annihilation process. A liquid hydrogen time projection chamber might be able to get precise directional information and energy of these neutrinos (and hydrogen is plentiful in the vicinity of Jupiter). We speculate that such a detector could be placed on the far side of one of the tidally locked Amalthean moons; the moon itself would provide substantial background shielding and the surface would allow easier deployment of solar panels for power generation.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·13 citations
15. 15*

    Higgs boson origin from a gauge symmetric theory of massive composite particles and massless $W^{\pm }$ and $Z^0$ bosons at the TeV scale

    She-Sheng Xue🇮🇹

    The ultraviolet completion is the Standard Model (SM) gauge-symmetric four-fermion couplings at the high-energy cutoff. Composite particles appear in the gauge symmetric phase in contrast with SM particles in the spontaneous symmetry-breaking phase. The critical point between the two phases is a weak first-order transition. It relates to an ultraviolet fixed point for an SM gauge symmetric theory of composite particles in the strong coupling regime. The low-energy SM realizes at an infrared fixed point in the weak coupling regime. Composite bosons dissolve into SM particles at the phase transition, and in the top-quark channel, they become a composite SM Higgs boson and three Goldstone bosons. Extrapolation of SM renormalization-group solutions to high energies implies that the gauge-symmetric theory of composite particles has a characteristic scale of about $5.1$ TeV. We discuss the phenomenological implications of composite SM Higgs boson in the gauge symmetry-breaking phase and massive composite bosons coupling to massless $W^{\pm }$ and $Z^0$ gauge bosons in the gauge symmetric phase.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2023)·7 citations
16. 16*

    Color flux-tube nature of the states $T_{cs}(2900)$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}^a(2900)$

    Jia Wei🇨🇳 · Yi-Heng Wang🇨🇳 · Chun-Sheng An🇨🇳 · Cheng-Rong Deng🇨🇳

    Inspired by the states $T_{cs0}(2900{)}^0$, $T_{cs1}(2900{)}^0$, $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^{++}$ reported by the LHCb Collaboration, we carry out a systematical investigation on the properties of the ground and $P$-wave states $[cs][\bar{u}\bar{d}]$ and $[cu][\bar{s}\bar{d}]$ with various spin, isospin or $U$-spin, and color combinations in a multiquark color flux-tube model. Matching our results with the spin-parity and mass of the states $T_{cs0}(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{cs1}(2900{)}^0$, we can describe them as the compact states $[cs][\bar{u}\bar{d}]$ with $I(J^P)=1(0^{+})$ and $0(1^{-})$ in the model, respectively. The ground state $T_{cs0}(2900{)}^0$ is mainly made of strongly overlapped an axial-vector $[cs{]}_{{\bar{3}}_c}$ and an axial-vector $[\bar{u}\bar{d}{]}_{3_c}$. The $P$-wave state $T_{cs1}(2900{)}^0$ is dominantly consisted of a gradually separated scalar or axial vector $[cs{]}_{{\bar{3}}_c}$ and a scalar $[\bar{u}\bar{d}{]}_{3_c}$ in the shape of a dumbbell. Supposing the states $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^{++}$ belong to the same isospin triplet, the mass of the state ${\left[[cu{]}_{{\bar{3}}_c}[\bar{s}\bar{d}{]}_{3_c}\right]}_{1_c}$ with symmetrical $U$-spin and $J^P=0^{+}$ is highly consistent with that of the states $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^{++}$ in the model. After coupling two color configurations, the state $[cu][\bar{s}\bar{d}]$ is slightly lighter than the states $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^0$ and $T_{c\bar{s}0}^a(2900{)}^{++}$. In addition, we also discuss the properties of other states in the model.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·28 citations
17. 17*

    Associated $\varphi$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and Future Circular Collider

    Celsina N. Azevedo🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇩🇪 · Bruno D. Moreira🇧🇷

    In this paper we analyze the associated $\varphi$ and $J/\Psi$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions through the double scattering mechanism for the energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC). Our results complement a previous analysis for the $\rho \rho$, $J/\Psi J/\Psi$ and $\rho J/\Psi$ production. We present our predictions for the total cross sections and rapidity distributions considering the rapidity ranges covered by the ALICE and LHCb detectors, which indicate that a future experimental analysis of $\varphi J/\Psi$ final state is feasible. These results point out that the study of the double vector meson photoproduction in heavy ion collisions can be useful to constrain the double scattering mechanism and improve our understanding of the QCD dynamics at high energies.

    hep-phhep-exEPJA(2023)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Prospects for strong coupling measurement at hadron colliders using soft-drop jet mass

    Holmfridur S. Hannesdottir🇺🇸 · Aditya Pathak🇬🇧 · Matthew D. Schwartz🇺🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸

    We compute the soft-drop jet-mass distribution from $pp$ collisions to NNLL accuracy while including nonperturbative corrections through a field-theory based formalism. Using these calculations, we assess the theoretical uncertainties on an ${\alpha }_s$ precision measurement due to higher order perturbative effects, nonperturbative corrections, and PDF uncertainty. We identify which soft-drop parameters are well-suited for measuring ${\alpha }_s$, and find that higher-logarithmic resummation has a qualitatively important effect on the shape of the jet-mass distribution. We find that quark jets and gluon jets have similar sensitivity to ${\alpha }_s$, and emphasize that experimentally distinguishing quark and gluon jets is not required for an ${\alpha }_s$ measurement. We conclude that measuring ${\alpha }_s$ to the 10% level is feasible now, and with improvements in theory a 5% level measurement is possible. Getting down to the 1% level to be competitive with other state-of-the-art measurements will be challenging.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·15 citations
19. 19*

    Measuring the Migdal effect in semiconductors for dark matter detection

    Duncan Adams🇺🇸 · Daniel Baxter🇺🇸 · Hannah Day🇺🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸

    The Migdal effect has received much attention from the dark matter direct detection community, in particular due to its power in setting limits on sub-GeV particle dark matter. Currently, there is no experimental confirmation of the Migdal effect through nuclear scattering using Standard Model probes. In this work, we extend existing calculations of the Migdal effect to the case of neutron-nucleus scattering, with a particular focus on neutron scattering angle distributions in silicon. We identify kinematic regimes wherein the assumptions present in current calculations of the Migdal effect hold for neutron scattering, and demonstrate that these include viable neutron calibration schemes. We then apply this framework to propose an experimental strategy to measure the Migdal effect in cryogenic silicon detectors using an upgrade to the NEXUS facility at Fermilab.

    hep-phastro-ph.IMhep-exphysics.ins-detPRD(2023)·30 citations
20. 20*

    Indirect detection, direct detection, and collider detection cross-sections for a 70 GeV dark matter WIMP

    Bailey Tallman🇺🇸 · Alexandra Boone🇺🇸 · Caden LaFontaine🇺🇸 · Trevor Croteau🇺🇸 · Quinn Ballard🇺🇸 · Sabrina Hernandez🇺🇸 · Spencer Ellis🇺🇸 · Adhithya Vijayakumarm🇺🇸 · Fiona Lopez🇺🇸 · Samuel Apata🇺🇸 · Jehu Martinez🇺🇸 · Roland Allen🇺🇸

    Assuming a dark matter fraction ${\Omega }_{DM}=0.27$ and a reduced Hubble constant $h=0.73$, we obtain a value of 70 GeV/c${}^2$ for the mass of the dark matter WIMP we have previously proposed. We also obtain a value for the annihilation cross section given by $⟨{\sigma }_{ann}v⟩=1.19\times 10^{-26}$ cm${}^3$/s in the present universe, consistent with the current limits for dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Both the mass and cross-section are consistent with analyses of the Galactic-center gamma rays observed by Fermi-LAT and the antiprotons observed by AMS-02 if these data are interpreted as resulting from dark matter annihilation. The spin-independent cross-section for direct detection in Xe-based experiments is estimated to be slightly above $10^{-48}$ cm${}^2$, presumably just within reach of the LZ and XENONnT experiments with $\gtrsim 1000$ days of data taking. The cross-section for production in high-energy proton collisions via vector boson fusion is estimated to be $\sim 1$ femtobarn, possibly within reach of the high-luminosity LHC, with $\ge 140$ GeV of missing energy accompanied by two jets.

    hep-phPoS(2022)·4 citations
21. 21*

    Constraining ultralight vector dark matter with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array second data release

    Yu-Mei Wu🇨🇳 · Zu-Cheng Chen🇨🇳 · Qing-Guo Huang🇨🇳 · Xingjiang Zhu🇨🇳 · N. D. Ramesh Bhat🇦🇺 · Yi Feng🇨🇳 · George Hobbs🇦🇺 · Richard N. Manchester🇦🇺 · Christopher J. Russell🇦🇺 · R. M. Shannon🇦🇺

    Composed of ultralight bosons, fuzzy dark matter provides an intriguing solution to challenges that the standard cold dark matter model encounters on sub-galactic scales. The ultralight dark matter with mass $m\sim 10^{-23}\mathrm{eV}$ will induce a periodic oscillation in gravitational potentials with a frequency in the nanohertz band, leading to observable effects in the arrival times of radio pulses from pulsars. Unlike scalar dark matter, pulsar timing signals induced by the vector dark matter are dependent on the oscillation direction of the vector fields. In this work, we search for ultralight vector dark matter in the mass range of $[2\times 10^{-24},2\times 10^{-22}]\mathrm{eV}$ through its gravitational effect in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) second data release. Since no statistically significant detection is made, we place $95\%$ upper limits on the local dark matter density as ${\rho }_{\mathrm{VF}}\lesssim 5GeV/c{\mathrm{m}}^3$ for $m\lesssim 10^{-23}\mathrm{eV}$. As no preferred direction is found for the vector dark matter, these constraints are comparable to those given by the scalar dark matter search with an earlier 12-year data set of PPTA.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEgr-qc+1PRD(2022)·49 citations
22. 22*

    Exploring Anisotropic Lorentz Invariance Violation from the Spectral-Lag Transitions of Gamma-Ray Bursts

    Jin-Nan Wei🇨🇳 · Zi-Ke Liu🇨🇳 · Jun-Jie Wei · Bin-Bin Zhang🇨🇳 · Xue-Feng Wu🇨🇳

    The observed spectral lags of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been widely used to explore possible violations of Lorentz invariance. However, these studies were generally performed by concentrating on the rough time lag of a single highest-energy photon and ignoring the intrinsic time lag at the source. A new way to test nonbirefringent Lorentz-violating effects has been proposed by analyzing the multi-photon spectral-lag behavior of a GRB that displays a positive-to-negative transition. This method gives both a plausible description of the intrinsic energy-dependent time lag and comparatively robust constraints on Lorentz-violating effects. In this work, we conduct a systematic search for Lorentz-violating photon dispersion from the spectral-lag transition features of 32 GRBs. By fitting the spectral-lag data of these 32 GRBs, we place constraints on a variety of isotropic and anisotropic Lorentz-violating coefficients with mass dimension $d=6$ and $8$. While our dispersion constraints are not competitive with existing bounds, they have the promise to complement the full coefficient space.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phUniverse(2022)·5 citations
23. 23*

    Analytical investigations on non-minimally coupled scalar fields outside neutral reflecting shells

    Yan Peng🇨🇳

    We study the existence of scalar fields outside neutral reflecting shells. We consider static massive scalar fields non-minimally coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We analytically investigated properties of scalar fields through the scalar field equation. In the small scalar field mass regime, we derive a compact resonance formula for the allowed masses of scalar fields in the composed scalar field and shell configurations.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thEPJC(2023)·0 citations
24. 24*

    Bremsstrahlung photon from a hadronizing quark-gluon plasma

    Taesoo Song🇩🇪

    Assuming that quark and antiquark numbers are separately conserved during hadronization, we calculate Bremsstrahlung photon from a hadronizing quark-gluon plasma. The quark and antiquark numbers are obtained from the hadron numbers in the statistical model and the transition amplitudes for the hadronization from the constraint that all quarks and antiquarks must be consumed in the hadronization. Then Bremsstrahlung photon from the hadronization is obtained in the soft photon approximation, and we find that its contribution to the direct photon increases in low-energy heavy-ion collisions and in peripheral collisions where the lifetime of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is relatively short.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·5 citations
25. 25*

    Soft gluon emission from heavy quark scattering in strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma

    Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Ilia Grishmanovskii🇩🇪 · Olga Soloveva🇩🇪

    We apply the Low's theorem to soft gluon emission from heavy quark scattering in the nonperturbative strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP). The sQGP is described in terms of the dynamical quasi-particles and adjusted to reproduce the EoS from lQCD at finite temperature and chemical potential. Since the emitted gluon is soft and of long wavelength, it does not provide information on the detailed structure of the scattering, and only the emission from incoming and outgoing partons is enough. It simplifies the calculations making the scattering amplitude factorizable into the elastic scattering and the emission of soft gluon. Imposing a proper upper limit on the emitted gluon energy, we obtain the guage-invariant scattering cross sections of heavy quarks with the massive partons of the medium as well as their transport coefficients (momentum drag and diffusion) in the QGP and compare with those from the elastic scattering without gluon emission.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
26. 26*

    Physical Implications of the Extrapolation and Statistical Bootstrap of the Nucleon Structure Function Ratio $\frac{F_2^n}{F_2^p}$ for Mirror Nuclei ${}^3$He and ${}^3$H

    Hannah Valenty🇺🇸 · Jennifer Rittenhouse West🇺🇸 · Fatiha Benmokhtar🇺🇸 · Douglas W. Higinbotham🇺🇸 · Asia Parker🇺🇸 · Erin Seroka🇺🇸

    A nuclear physics example of statistical bootstrap is used on the MARATHON data nucleon structure function ratio, $\frac{F_2^n}{F_2^p}$, in the quark momentum fraction $x_B\to 0$ and $x_B\to 1$ regions. The extrapolated $F_2$ ratio value as quark momentum fraction $x_B\to 1$ approaches 0.4 and this value is compared to theoretical predictions. The extrapolated ratio when $x_B\to 0$ favors the simple model of isospin symmetry with the complete dominance of seaquarks at low momentum fraction. At high-$x_B$, the proton quark distribution function ratio $d/u$ is derived from the $x\to 1$ ratio $\frac{F_2^n}{F_2^p}\to 0.4$ and found to be $d/u\to 1/6$. Our extrapolated values for both the $\frac{F_2^n}{F_2^p}$ ratio and the $d/u$ parton distribution function ratio most closely match perturbative QCD values from quark counting and helicity conservation arguments but still differ by roughly $7\%$. The mismatch to theoretical predictions may be ameliorated if two compatible models act simultaneously in the nucleon wavefunction. One such example is nucleon wavefunctions composed of a linear combination of a quark-diquark state and a 3-valence quark correlated state with coefficients that combine to give the extrapolated $F_2$ ratio of $0.4$.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Supernova Neutrinos as a Precise Probe of Nuclear Neutron Skin

    Xu-Run Huang🇨🇳 · Lie-Wen Chen🇨🇳

    A precise and model-independent determination of the neutron distribution radius $R_{\mathrm{n}}$ and thus the neutron skin thickness $R_{\mathrm{skin}}$ of atomic nuclei is of fundamental importance in nuclear physics, particle physics and astrophysics but remains a big challenge in terrestrial labs. We argue that the nearby core-collapse supernova (CCSN) in our Galaxy may render a neutrino flux with unprecedentedly high luminosity, offering perfect opportunity to determine the $R_{\mathrm{n}}$ and $R_{\mathrm{skin}}$ through the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS). We evaluate the potential of determining the $R_{\mathrm{n}}$ of lead (Pb) via CE$\nu$NS with the nearby CCSN neutrinos in the RES-NOVA project which is designed to hunt CCSN neutrinos using an array of archaeological Pb based cryogenic detectors. We find that an ultimate precision of $\sim 0.1\%$ for the $R_{\mathrm{n}}$ ($\sim 0.006$ fm for the $R_{\mathrm{skin}}$) of Pb can be achieved via RES-NOVA in the most optimistic case that the CCSN explosion were to occur at a distance of $\sim 1$ kpc from the Earth.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exPRD(2022)·9 citations
28. 28*

    Intermediate-Distance String Effects in Wilson Loops\\ via Boundary Action

    M. N. Khalil🇪🇬 · A. M. Khalaf🇪🇬 · A. S. Bakry🇨🇳 · M. Deliyergiyev🇨🇭 · A. A. Galal🇪🇬 · M. Kotb🇪🇬 · M. D. Okasha🇪🇬 · G. S. M. Ahmed🇪🇬

    The density profile of the QCD flux tube is investigated within the framework of the Lüscher-Weisz (LW) string action with two boundary terms. The transverse action profile and potential between static quarks are considered using Wilson's loop overlap formalism at zero temperature in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We find the predictions of the LW string matching the lattice data for the width of the energy-density and $Q\bar{Q}$ potential up to a small color-source separation of $R=0.32$\,fm.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phnucl-thLHEP(2023)·1 citation
29. 29*

    Report of the Frontier For Rare Processes and Precision Measurements

    Marina Artuso · Robert H. Bernstein · Alexey A. Petrov

    This is the Snowmass 2021 Rare and Precision Frontier Report. The Rare Processes and Precision Measurements Frontier, referred to as the ``Rare and Precision Frontier", or RPF, encompasses searches for extremely rare processes or tiny deviations from the Standard Model (SM) that can be studied with intense sources and high-precision detectors. Our community studies have identified several unique research opportunities that may pin down the scales associated with New Physics (NP) interactions and constrain the couplings of possible new degrees of freedom. Searches for rare flavor transition processes and precision measurements are indispensable probes of flavor and fundamental symmetries, and provide insights into physics that manifests itself at higher energy or through weaker interactions than those directly accessible at high-energy colliders.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph20 citations
30. 30*

    Revisiting GeV-scale annihilating dark matter with the AMS-02 positron fraction

    Iason Krommydas🇬🇷 · Ilias Cholis🇺🇸

    Antimatter cosmic-rays are used to probe new phenomena in physics, including dark matter annihilation. We use the cosmic-ray positron fraction spectrum by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, to search for such an annihilation signal in the Galaxy. We focus on dark matter with mass between 5 and 120 GeV, producing high-energy electrons and positrons. In these cosmic-ray energies the interplay of multiple astrophysical sources and phenomena, makes this search highly sensitive to the underlying astrophysical background assumptions. We use a vast public library of astrophysical models for the cosmic-ray positron fraction background, to derive robust upper limits on the dark matter's annihilation cross section for a number of annihilation channels. This library accounts for different types of cosmic-ray sources and uncertainties on their distribution in space and time. Also, it accounts for uncertainties on those sources' output, their injected into the interstellar medium cosmic-ray spectra and for uncertainties on cosmic-ray propagation. For any given dark matter particle mass and annihilation channel, upper limits on the annihilation cross section are given by bands that stretch a full order of magnitude in its value. Our work provides weaker limits compared to earlier results, that are however robust to all the relevant astrophysical uncertainties. Between 5 and 15 GeV, we find indications for a possible excess flux of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons. That excess is found for most, but not all of our astrophysical background parameter space, and its significance can vary appreciably. Further scrutiny is necessary to improve the understanding of these lower energy cosmic rays. Finally, we note that even if an excess signal is found in these energies, the current background uncertainties do not allow us to accurately deduce its underlying particle properties.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
31. 31*

    Matter traveling through a wormhole

    Karina Calhoun🇺🇸 · Brendan Fay🇺🇸 · Ben Kain🇺🇸

    We revisit the numerical evolution of Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormholes, which are constructed with a massless real ghost scalar field. For our simulations, we have developed a new code based on the standard 3+1 foliation of spacetime. We confirm that, for the massless symmetric wormhole, a pulse of regular scalar field causes the wormhole throat to collapse and form an apparent horizon, while a pulse of ghost scalar field can cause the wormhole throat to expand. As a new result, we show that it is possible for a pulse of regular matter to travel through the wormhole and then to send a light signal back before the wormhole collapses. We also evolve pulses of matter traveling through massive asymmetric wormholes, which has not previously been simulated.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Majorana Modes of Giant Vortices

    Logan Gates🇨🇦 · Alexander A. Penin🇨🇦

    We study Majorana zero modes bound to giant vortices in topological superconductors or topological insulator/normal superconductor heterostructures. By expanding in inverse powers of a large winding number $n$, we find an analytic solution for asymptotically all $n$ zero modes required by the index theorem. Contrary to the existing estimates, the solution is not pinned to the vortex boundary and is composed of the warped lowest Landau level states. While the dynamics which shapes the zero modes is a subtle interference of the magnetic effects and Andreev reflection, the solution is very robust and is determined by a single parameter, the vortex radius. The resulting local density of states has a number of features which give remarkable signatures for an experimental observation of the Majorana fermions in two dimensions.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.supr-conhep-phhep-thPRB(2023)·3 citations
33. 33*

    Directional Neutrino Searches for Galactic Center Dark Matter at Large Underground LArTPCs

    Matthew R. Buckley🇺🇸 · Andrew Mastbaum🇺🇸 · Gopolang Mohlabeng🇺🇸

    We investigate the sensitivity of a large, underground LArTPC-based neutrino detector to dark matter in the Galactic Center annihilating into neutrinos. Such a detector could have the ability to resolve the direction of the electron in a neutrino scattering event, and thus to infer information about the source direction for individual neutrino events. We consider the improvements on the expected experimental sensitivity that this directional information would provide. Even without directional information, we find a DUNE-like LArTPC detector is capable of setting limits on dark matter annihilation to neutrinos for dark matter masses above 30 MeV that are competitive with or exceed current experimental reach. While currently-demonstrated angular resolution for low-energy electrons is insufficient to allow any significant increase in sensitivity, these techniques could benefit from improvements to algorithms and the additional spatial information provided by novel 3D charge imaging approaches. We consider the impact of such enhancements to the resolution for electron directionality, and find that where electron-scattering events can be distinguished from charged-current neutrino interactions, limits on dark matter annihilation in the mass range where solar neutrino backgrounds dominate ($\lesssim 15$ MeV) can be significantly improved using directional information, and would be competitive with existing limits using $40$ kton$\times$year of exposure.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.