Wed·Oct 12, 2022Wednesday·October 12, 2022

1. 01*

   Photoproduction of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ in peripheral isobar collisions

   Shuo Lin🇨🇳 · Ren-Jie Wang🇨🇳 · JIan-Fei Wang🇨🇳 · Hao-Jie Xu🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳

   We investigate the photoproduction of di-electrons in peripheral collisions of ${}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}{+}_{44}^{96}\text{Ru}$ and ${}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}{+}_{40}^{96}\text{Zr}$ at 200 GeV. With the charge and mass density distributions given by the calculation of the density functional theory, we calculate the spectra of transverse momentum, invariant mass and azimuthal angle for di-electrons at 40-80\% centrality. The ratios of these spectra in Ru+Ru collisions over to Zr+Zr collisions are shown to be smaller than $(44/40{)}^4$ (the ratio of $Z^4$ for Ru and Zr) at low transverse momentum. The deviation arises from the different mass and charge density distributions in Ru and Zr. So the photoproduction of di-leptons in isobar collisions may provide a new way to probe the nuclear structure.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·18 citations
2. 02*

   Generation of neutrino dark matter, baryon asymmetry, and radiation after quintessential inflation

   Kohei Fujikura🇯🇵 · Soichiro Hashiba🇯🇵 · Jun'ichi Yokoyama🇯🇵

   We construct a model explaining dark matter, baryon asymmetry and reheating in quintessential inflation model. Three generations of right-handed neutrinos having hierarchical masses, and the light scalar field leading to self-interaction of active neutrinos are introduced. The lightest sterile neutrino is a dark matter candidate produced by a Dodelson-Widrow mechanism in the presence of a new light scalar field, while the heaviest and the next heaviest sterile neutrinos produced by gravitational particle production are responsible for the generation of the baryon asymmetry. Reheating is realized by spinodal instabilities of the Standard Model Higgs field induced by the non-minimal coupling to the scalar curvature, which can solve overproduction of gravitons and curvature perturbation created by the Higgs condensation.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·11 citations
3. 03*

   Radiative corrections to stop-antistop annihilation into gluons and light quarks

   Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Karol Kovařík🇩🇪 · Luca Paolo Wiggering🇩🇪

   We present the full one-loop SUSY-QCD corrections to stop-antistop annihilation into gluons and light quarks within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model including Sommerfeld enhancement effects from the exchange of multiple gluons between the incoming particles. These corrections are important as stop (co)annihilation becomes the dominant contribution to the relic density for scenarios with a small mass difference between the neutralino and the stop which are less constrained by current LHC searches and consistent with the observation of a 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson. We discuss important technical details of our one-loop, real emission, and resummation calculations where we pay particular attention to the cancellation of infrared divergences and the associated application of the dipole formalism for massive initial scalars. The corrections have been implemented in the dark matter precision tool DM@NLO which allows us to study numerically the impact of these corrections on the annihilation cross section. We find that for the chosen reference scenario the dominant correction comes from the Sommerfeld effect and that the pure NLO correction is below 3%. The inclusion of these radiative corrections is still large enough to decrease the relic density by more than 10% and shift the cosmologically preferred parameter region by a few GeV relative to the standard MicrOMEGAs result. Therefore, the inclusion of these corrections is mandatory if the experimental errors are taken as upper and lower bounds of the theory value.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Undemocratic Dirac seesaw

   Su-Ping Chen🇨🇳 · Pei-Hong Gu🇨🇳

   The standard model left-handed neutrinos and several right-handed neutrinos can obtain a tiny Dirac mass matrix through their mixings with relatively heavy Dirac fermions. In this Dirac seesaw scenario, the mixings involving the left-handed neutrinos can be allowed much larger than those involving the right-handed neutrinos. This undemocratic parameter choice is attractive to phenomenology. We show that the small mixings between the heavy Dirac fermions and the right-handed neutrinos can have a common origin with the observed baryon asymmetry in the universe. We also connect the introduction of right-handed neutrinos to the existence and stability of dark matter by a new $U(1)$ gauge symmetry for dark photon or baryon-minus-lepton number. We then specify how to embed our scenario into a left-right symmetric theory or a grand unification theory.

   hep-phNPB(2022)·7 citations
5. 05*

   Feynman integral reduction using Gröbner bases

   Mohamed Barakat🇩🇪 · Robin Brüser🇩🇪 · Claus Fieker · Tobias Huber🇩🇪 · Jan Piclum🇩🇪

   We investigate the reduction of Feynman integrals to master integrals using Gröbner bases in a rational double-shift algebra Y in which the integration-by-parts (IBP) relations form a left ideal. The problem of reducing a given family of integrals to master integrals can then be solved once and for all by computing the Gröbner basis of the left ideal formed by the IBP relations. We demonstrate this explicitly for several examples. We introduce so-called first-order normal-form IBP relations which we obtain by reducing the shift operators in Y modulo the Gröbner basis of the left ideal of IBP relations. For more complicated cases, where the Gröbner basis is computationally expensive, we develop an ansatz based on linear algebra over a function field to obtain the normal-form IBP relations.

   hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2023)·18 citations
6. 06*

   Stronger $C$-odd color charge correlations in the proton at higher energy

   Adrian Dumitru🇺🇸 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Risto Paatelainen🇫🇮

   The non-forward eikonal scattering matrix for dipole-proton scattering at high energy obtains an imaginary part due to a $C$-odd three gluon exchange. We present numerical estimates for the perturbative Odderon amplitude as a function of dipole size, impact parameter, their relative azimuthal angle, and light-cone momentum cutoff $x$. The proton is approximated as ${\psi }_{\mathrm{qqq}}|qqq⟩+{\psi }_{\mathrm{qqqg}}|qqqg⟩$, where ${\psi }_{\mathrm{qqq}}$ is a non-perturbative three quark model wave function while the gluon emission is computed in light-cone perturbation theory. We find that the Odderon amplitude increases as $x$ decreases from 0.1 to 0.01. At yet lower $x$, the reversal of this energy dependence would reflect the onset of universal small-$x$ renormalization group evolution.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·12 citations
7. 07*

   On the Higgs spectra of the 3-3-1 model

   Joao Paulo Pinheiro🇪🇸 · C. A. de S. Pires🇧🇷

   The minimal scalar sector of the 3-3-1 model is composed by the SU(3)${}_L$ triplet scalars $\eta$, $\rho$, $\chi$ and its potential allows the trilinear term $\frac{f}{\sqrt{2}}\chi \eta \rho$. Since $f$ is an energy scale associated to the explicit violation of Peccei-Quinn global symmetry, it is natural to consider in what energy scale such symmetry is broken and its consequences in the spectrum of scalars of the model. here, We show that $f$ determines the spectrum of scalars of the model. Hence, we develop the scalar sector considering $f$ belonging to four energy regimes, namely $f\ll ⟨\eta {⟩}_0$, $⟨\rho {⟩}_0$; $f=⟨\eta {⟩}_0$, $⟨\rho {⟩}_0$; $f=⟨\chi {⟩}_0$ and $f\gg ⟨\chi {⟩}_0$ and obtain the spectrum of scalars for each case. In the first and second cases the spectrum of scalars presents a set of new scalars belonging to the electroweak scale, while in the third case all new scalars belong to the 3-3-1 scale and the fourth case all the new scalars have masses lying at $f$ scale. All cases have a neutral CP-even scalar mimicking the standard Higgs.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·17 citations
8. 08*

   Exploring SMEFT operators in the tHq production at the LHC

   Monoranjan Guchait🇮🇳 · Arnab Roy🇮🇳

   We study the top-quark production along with a Higgs boson and a jet (tHq) at the LHC experiment within the framework of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). A strategy is developed to constrain the Wilson Coefficients (WC) corresponding to the associated SMEFT operators using the latest LHC measurements. The best-fit values of these WCs are presented. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of finding the effects of these operators on various kinematical observables of the tHq process at the LHC. We find that for a set of best-fitted values of the considered WCs, the excess of signal over the backgrounds can be achieved with a reasonable significance at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and for integrated luminosity options $\mathcal{L}=$300 $\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$ and 3000 $\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·7 citations
9. 09*

   Dark SU(2) Stueckelberg portal

   Valery E. Lyubovitskij🇩🇪 · Alexey S. Zhevlakov🇷🇺 · Aliaksei Kachanovich🇭🇷 · Serguei Kuleshov🇨🇱

   We study the non-abelian $SU(2{)}_D$ extension of the $U(1{)}_D$ Stueckelberg portal, which plays a role of the mediator between the Standard Model (SM) and Dark Sector (DS). This portal is specified by the Stueckelberg mechanism for generation of dark gauge boson masses. Proposed $U(1{)}_D\times SU(2{)}_D$ Stueckelberg portal has a connection with SM matter fields in analogy with Familon Model. We derive bounds on the couplings of dark portal bosons and SM particles, which govern diagonal and non-diagonal flavor transitions of quarks and leptons.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Electroweak Asymmetric Early Universe via a Scalar Condensate

    Jae Hyeok Chang🇺🇸 · María Olalla Olea-Romacho🇫🇷 · Erwin H. Tanin🇺🇸

    Finite temperature effects in the Standard Model tend to restore the electroweak symmetry in the early universe, but new fields coupled to the higgs field may as well reverse this tendency, leading to the so-called electroweak symmetry non-restoration (EW SNR) scenario. Previous works on EW SNR often assume that the reversal is due to the thermal fluctuations of new fields with negative quartic couplings to the higgs, and they tend to find that a large number of new fields are required. We observe that EW SNR can be minimally realized if the field(s) coupled to the higgs field develop(s) a stable condensate. We show that one complex scalar field with a sufficiently large global-charge asymmetry can develop a condensate as an outcome of thermalization and keep the electroweak symmetry broken up to temperatures well above the electroweak scale. In addition to providing a minimal benchmark model, our work hints on a class of models involving scalar condensates that yield electroweak symmetry non-restoration in the early universe.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2022)·21 citations
11. 11*

    From axion quality and naturalness problems to a high-quality ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ QCD relaxion

    Abhishek Banerjee🇮🇱 · Joshua Eby🇯🇵 · Gilad Perez🇮🇱

    We highlight general issues associated with quality and naturalness problems in theories of light QCD-axions, axion-like particles, and relaxions. We show the presence of Planck-suppressed operators generically lead to scalar coupling of axions with the Standard model. We present a new class of ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ QCD relaxion models that can address both the QCD relaxion CP problem as well as its quality problem. This new class of models also leads to interesting experimental signatures, which can be searched for at the precision frontier.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·27 citations
12. 12*

    Baby universes in 2d and 4d theories of quantum gravity

    Yuta Hamada🇯🇵 · Hikaru Kawai🇹🇼 · Kiyoharu Kawana🇯🇵

    The validity of the Coleman mechanism, which automatically tunes the fundamental constants, is examined in two-dimensional and four-dimensional quantum gravity theories. First, we consider two-dimensional Euclidean quantum gravity on orientable closed manifolds coupled to conformal matter of central charge $c\le 1$. The proper time Hamiltonian of this system is known to be written as a field theory of noncritical strings, which can also be viewed as a third quantization in two dimensions. By directly counting the number of random surfaces with various topologies, we find that the contribution of the baby universes is too small to realize the Coleman mechanism. Next, we consider four-dimensional Lorentzian gravity. Based on the difference between the creation of the mother universe from nothing and the annihilation of the mother universe into nothing, we introduce a non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian for the multiverse. We show that Coleman's idea is satisfied in this model and that the cosmological constant is tuned to be nearly zero. Potential implications for phenomenology are also discussed.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2022)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Modified uncertainty relations from classical and quantum gravity

    Fabian Wagner🇵🇱

    A good hundred years after the necessity for a quantum theory of gravity was acknowledged by Albert Einstein, the search for it continues to be an ongoing endeavour. Nevertheless, the field still evolves rapidly as manifested by the recent rise of quantum gravity phenomenology supported by an enormous surge in experimental precision. In particular, the minimum length paradigm ingrained in the program of generalized uncertainty principles (GUPs) is steadily growing in importance. The present thesis is aimed at establishing a link between modified uncertainty relations, derived from deformed canonical commutators, and curved spaces - specifically, GUPs and nontrivial momentum space as well as the related extended uncertainty principles (EUPs) and curved position space. In that vein, we derive a new kind of EUP relating the radius of geodesic balls, assumed to constrain the wave functions in the underlying Hilbert space, with the standard deviation of the momentum operator. This result is gradually generalized to relativistic particles in curved spacetime in accordance with the 3+1 decomposition. In a sense pursuing the inverse route, we find an explicit correspondence between theories yielding a GUP and quantum dynamics set on non-Euclidean momentum space. Quantitatively, the coordinate noncommutativity translates to momentum space curvature in the dual description, allowing for an analogous transfer of constraints from the literature. Finally, we find a formulation of quantum mechanics which proves consistent on the arbitrarily curved cotangent bundle. Along these lines, we show that the harmonic oscillator can not be used as a means to distinguish between curvature in position and momentum space, thereby providing an explicit instantiation of Born reciprocity in the context of curved spaces.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-th1 citation
14. 14*

    Lattice QCD studies on decuplet baryons as meson-baryon bound states in the HAL QCD method

    Kotaro Murakami🇯🇵 · Yutaro Akahoshi🇯🇵 · Sinya Aoki🇯🇵 · Takumi Doi🇯🇵 · Kenji Sasaki🇯🇵

    We study decuplet baryons from meson-baryon interactions in lattice QCD, in particular, $\Delta$ and $\Omega$ baryons from P-wave $I=3/2$ $N\pi$ and $I=0$ $\Xi \bar{K}$ interactions, respectively. Interaction potentials are calculated in the HAL QCD method using 3-quark-type source operators at $m_{\pi }\approx 410\text{MeV}$ and $m_K\approx 635\text{MeV}$, where $\Delta$ as well as $\Omega$ baryons are stable. We use the conventional stochastic estimate of all-to-all propagators combined with the all-mode averaging to reduce statistical fluctuations. We have found that the $\Xi \bar{K}$ system has a weaker attraction than the $N\pi$ system while the binding energy from the threshold is larger for $\Omega$ than $\Delta$. This suggests that an inequality $m_N+m_{\pi }-m_{\Delta }<m_{\Xi }+m_{\bar{K}}-m_{\Omega }$ comes mainly from a smaller spatial size of a $\Xi \bar{K}$ bound state due to a larger reduced mass, rather than its interaction. Root-mean-square distances of bound states in both systems are small, indicating that $\Delta$ and $\Omega$ are tightly bound states and thus can be regarded qualitatively as composite states of 3 quarks. Results of binding energies agree with those obtained from temporal 2-point functions within large systematic errors, which arise dominantly from the lattice artifact at short distances.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPTEP(2023)·7 citations
15. 15*

    The Sphaleron Rate from 4D Euclidean Lattices

    Marc Barroso Mancha🇩🇪 · Guy D. Moore🇩🇪

    We develop a new method to determine thermal activation rates, such as for bubble nucleation, topology change, \textsl{etc.}, using 4-dimensional Euclidean methods. This allows nonperturbative study on the lattice. We then investigate the strong sphaleron rate in pure-glue QCD at temperatures between 1.3 $\text{Tc}$ and 1000 $T_{\mathrm{c}}$, making contact with previous results but extending them down close to the critical temperature. The extension to full QCD will be straightforward. Limitations of the proposal (the inability to compute a certain dynamical prefactor, puzzling large-volume behavior, and the inability to treat temperatures $T<1.3T_{\mathrm{c}}$) are also discussed.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thJHEP(2023)·29 citations
16. 16*

    Flow-oriented perturbation theory

    Michael Borinsky🇨🇭 · Zeno Capatti🇨🇭 · Eric Laenen🇳🇱 · Alexandre Salas-Bernárdez🇪🇸

    We introduce a new diagrammatic approach to perturbative quantum field theory, which we call flow-oriented perturbation theory (FOPT). Within it, Feynman graphs are replaced by strongly connected directed graphs (digraphs). FOPT is a coordinate space analogue of time-ordered perturbation theory and loop-tree duality, but it has the advantage of having combinatorial and canonical Feynman rules, combined with a simplified $i\epsilon$ dependence of the resulting integrals. Moreover, we introduce a novel digraph-based representation for the S-matrix. The associated integrals involve the Fourier transform of the flow polytope. Due to this polytope's properties, our S-matrix representation exhibits manifest infrared singularity factorization on a per-diagram level. Our findings reveal an interesting interplay between spurious singularities and Fourier transforms of polytopes.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2023)·11 citations
17. 17*

    Searching Lorentz invariance violation from cosmic photon attenuation

    Hao Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    Lorentz invariance violation~(LIV) can change the threshold behavior predicted by special relativity and cause threshold anomalies which affect the propagation of cosmic photons. In this work, we focus on the threshold anomaly effect on cosmic photon attenuations by extragalactic background light~(EBL) and discuss how to identify LIV from observations of very high energy~(VHE) photons propagated from long distance in the universe. We point out that the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory~(LHAASO), one of the most sensitive gamma-ray detector arrays currently operating at TeV and PeV energies, is an ideal facility for performing such LIV searching. We apply the proposed strategy to discuss the newly observed gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A to demonstrate the predictive ability of our suggestions.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phEPJC(2023)·18 citations
18. 18*

    QED on the lattice and numerical perturbative computation of $g-2$

    Ryuichiro Kitano🇯🇵 · Hiromasa Takaura🇯🇵

    We compute the electron $g$ factor to the $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }^5)$ order on the lattice in quenched QED. We first study finite volume corrections in various IR regularization methods to discuss which regularization is optimal for our purpose. We find that in QED${}_L$ the finite volume correction to the effective mass can have different parametric dependences depending on the size of Euclidean time $t$ and match the `naive on-shell result' only at very large $t$ region, $t\gg L$. We adopt finite photon mass regularization to suppress finite volume effects exponentially and also discuss our strategy for selecting simulation parameters and the order of extrapolations to efficiently obtain the $g$ factor. We perform lattice simulation using small lattices to test feasibility of our calculation strategy. This study can be regarded as an intermediate step toward giving the five-loop coefficient independently of the preceding studies.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPTEP(2023)·5 citations
19. 19*

    Minisuperspace Quantum Cosmology from the Einstein-Cartan Path Integral

    Raymond Isichei🇬🇧 · João Magueijo (Imperial College)🇬🇧

    We derive the fixed-$\Lambda$ and unimodular propagators using the path integral formalism as applied to the Einstein-Cartan action. The simplicity of the action (which is linear in the lapse function) allows for an exact integration starting from the lapse function and the enforcement of the Hamiltonian constraint, leading to a product of Chern-Simons states if the connection is fixed at the endpoints. No saddle point approximation is needed. Should the metric be fixed at the endpoints, then, depending on the contour chosen for the connection, Hartle-Hawking or Vilenkin propagators are obtained. Thus, in this approach one trades a choice of contour in the lapse function for one in the connection, where appropriate. The unimodular propagators are also trivial to obtain via the path integral, and the previously derived expressions are recovered.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·11 citations
20. 20*

    Observability of the very-high-energy emission from GRB 221009A

    Giorgio Galanti🇮🇹 · Lara Nava🇮🇹 · Marco Roncadelli🇮🇹 · Fabrizio Tavecchio🇮🇹 · Giacomo Bonnoli🇮🇹

    The LHAASO Collaboration detected the gamma ray burst GRB 221009A at energies above $500\mathrm{GeV}$ with a tail extending up to $18\mathrm{TeV}$, whose spectral analysis has presently been performed up to $7\mathrm{TeV}$ for the lower energy instrument LHAASO-WCDA only, with no indication of a cutoff. Soon thereafter, Carpet-2 at Baksan Neutrino Observatory reported the observation of an air shower consistent with being caused by a photon of energy $251\mathrm{TeV}$ from the same GRB. Given the source redshift $z=0.151$, the expected attenuation due to the extragalactic background light is very severe so that these detections have proven very hard to explain. In this Letter, we show that the existence of axion-like-particles (ALPs) with mass $m_a\simeq (10^{-11}-10^{-7})\mathrm{eV}$ and two-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma \gamma }\simeq (3-5)\times 10^{-12}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ strongly reduce the optical depth of TeV photons, thus explaining the observations. Our ALPs meet all available constraints, are consistent with two previous hints at their existence and are good candidates for cold dark matter. Moreover, we show that Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) can explain the Carpet-2 result but not the LHAASO observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2023)·98 citations
21. 21*

    Starburst Nuclei as Light Dark Matter Laboratories

    Antonio Ambrosone🇮🇹 · Marco Chianese🇮🇹 · Damiano F.G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Antonio Marinelli🇮🇹 · Gennaro Miele🇮🇹

    Starburst galaxies are well-motivated astrophysical emitters of high-energy gamma-rays. They are well-known cosmic-ray "reservoirs", thanks to their large magnetic fields which confine high-energy protons for $\sim 10^5$ years. Over such long times, cosmic-ray transport can be significantly affected by scatterings with sub-GeV dark matter. Here we point out that this scattering distorts the cosmic-ray spectrum, and the distortion can be indirectly observed by measuring the gamma-rays produced by cosmic-rays via hadronic collisions. Present gamma-ray data show no sign of such a distortion, leading to stringent bounds on the cross section between protons and dark matter. These are highly complementary with current bounds and have large room for improvement with the future gamma-ray measurements in the 0.1-10 TeV range from the Cherenkov Telescope Array, which can strengthen the limits by as much as two orders of magnitude.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2023)·24 citations
22. 22*

    The Jet Opening Angle and Event Rate Distributions of Short Gamma-ray Bursts from Late-time X-ray Afterglows

    Alicia Rouco Escorial (Northwestern University/CIERA) · Wen-fai Fong · Edo Berger🇺🇸 · Tanmoy Laskar · Raffaella Margutti🇺🇸 · Genevieve Schroeder · Jillian C. Rastinejad · Dylaan Cornish · Sarah Popp · Maura Lally · Anya E. Nugent🇺🇸 · Kerry Paterson and 5 other authors

    We present a comprehensive study of 29 short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) observed $\approx 0.8-60$ days post-burst using $Chandra$ and $XMM-Newton$. We provide the inferred distributions of SGRB jet opening angles and true event rates to compare against neutron star merger rates. We perform uniform analysis and modeling of their afterglows, obtaining 10 opening angle measurements and 19 lower limits. We report on two new opening angle measurements (SGRBs 050724A and 200411A) and eight updated values, obtaining a median value of $⟨{\theta }_{\mathrm{j}}⟩\approx 6.1^{\circ }$ [-3.2${}^{\circ }$,+9.3${}^{\circ }$] (68\% confidence on the full distribution) from jet measurements alone. For the remaining events, we infer ${\theta }_{\mathrm{j}}\gtrsim 0.5-26^{\circ }$. We uncover a population of SGRBs with wider jets of ${\theta }_{\mathrm{j}}\gtrsim 10^{\circ }$ (including two measurements of ${\theta }_{\mathrm{j}}\gtrsim 15^{\circ }$), representing $\sim 28\%$ of our sample. Coupled with multi-wavelength afterglow information, we derive a total true energy of $⟨E_{\mathrm{true},\mathrm{tot}}⟩\approx 10^{49}-10^{50}$\,erg which is consistent with MHD jet launching mechanisms. Furthermore, we determine a range for the beaming-corrected event rate of ${\mathfrak{R}}_{\mathrm{true}}\approx 360-1800$ Gpc${}^{-3}$ yr${}^{-1}$, set by the inclusion of a population of wide jets on the low end, and the jet measurements alone on the high end. From a comparison with the latest merger rates, our results are consistent with the majority of SGRBs originating from binary neutron star mergers. However, our inferred rates are well above the latest neutron star-black hole merger rates, consistent with at most a small fraction of SGRBs originating from such mergers.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·76 citations
23. 23*

    Cornering Extended Starobinsky Inflation with CMB and SKA

    Tanmoy Modak🇩🇪 · Lennart Röver🇩🇪 · Björn Malte Schäfer🇩🇪 · Benedikt Schosser🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪

    Starobinsky inflation is an attractive, fundamental model to explain the Planck measurements, and its higher-order extension may allow us to probe quantum gravity effects. We show that future CMB data combined with the 21cm intensity map from SKA will meaningfully probe such an extended Starobinsky model. A combined analysis will provide a precise measurement and intriguing insight into inflationary dynamics, even accounting for correlations with astrophysical parameters.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·18 citations
24. 24*

    Contrastive Neural Ratio Estimation for Simulation-based Inference

    Benjamin Kurt Miller🇳🇱 · Christoph Weniger🇳🇱 · Patrick Forré🇳🇱

    Likelihood-to-evidence ratio estimation is usually cast as either a binary (NRE-A) or a multiclass (NRE-B) classification task. In contrast to the binary classification framework, the current formulation of the multiclass version has an intrinsic and unknown bias term, making otherwise informative diagnostics unreliable. We propose a multiclass framework free from the bias inherent to NRE-B at optimum, leaving us in the position to run diagnostics that practitioners depend on. It also recovers NRE-A in one corner case and NRE-B in the limiting case. For fair comparison, we benchmark the behavior of all algorithms in both familiar and novel training regimes: when jointly drawn data is unlimited, when data is fixed but prior draws are unlimited, and in the commonplace fixed data and parameters setting. Our investigations reveal that the highest performing models are distant from the competitors (NRE-A, NRE-B) in hyperparameter space. We make a recommendation for hyperparameters distinct from the previous models. We suggest two bounds on the mutual information as performance metrics for simulation-based inference methods, without the need for posterior samples, and provide experimental results. This version corrects a minor implementation error in $\gamma$, improving results.

    ↳ stat.MLastro-ph.IMcs.LGhep-ph14 citations
25. 25*

    Names from Greek Myth in Fundamental Physics

    Nirmal Raj

    Greek mythology supplies fundamental physics with the names of numerous (100+) experiments, machines, codes, and phenomena. I present the central narrative of Greek mythos via these names. Hyperlinks are provided for their physics counterparts, and the names are collected in myth- and physics-themed indices.

    ↳ physics.pop-phhep-exhep-phphysics.ed-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.