Mon·Oct 10, 2022Monday·October 10, 2022

1. 01*

   Snowmass Theory Frontier: Effective Field Theory

   Matthew Baumgart🇺🇸 · Fady Bishara🇩🇪 · Tomas Brauner🇳🇴 · Joachim Brod🇺🇸 · Giovanni Cabass🇺🇸 · Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Claudia de Rham🇬🇧 · Patrick Draper🇺🇸 · A. Liam Fitzpatrick🇺🇸 · Martin Gorbahn🇬🇧 · Sean Hartnoll🇬🇧 and 25 other authors

   We summarize recent progress in the development, application, and understanding of effective field theories and highlight promising directions for future research. This Report is prepared as the TF02 "Effective Field Theory" topical group summary for the Theory Frontier as part of the Snowmass 2021 process.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exhep-th22 citations
2. 02*

   Single Inclusive Hadron Production in DIS at Small $x$: Next to Leading Order Corrections

   Filip Bergabo🇺🇸 · Jamal Jalilian-Marian🇺🇸

   We calculate the one-loop corrections to single inclusive hadron production in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) at small $x$ in the forward rapidity region using the Color Glass Condensate formalism. We show that the divergent parts of the next to leading order (NLO) corrections either cancel among each other or lead to $x$ (rapidity) evolution of the leading order (LO) dipole cross section according to the JIMWLK evolution equation and DGLAP evolution of the parton-hadron fragmentation function. The remaining finite parts constitute the NLO (${\alpha }_s$) corrections to the LO single inclusive hadron production cross section in DIS at small $x$.

   hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2023)·49 citations
3. 03*

   Modified hybrid inflation, reheating and stabilization of the electroweak vacuum

   Merna Ibrahim🇪🇬 · Mustafa Ashry🇪🇬 · Esraa Elkhateeb🇪🇬 · Adel M.Awad🇪🇬 · Ahmad Moursy🇪🇬

   We propose a modification to the standard hybrid inflation model \cite{Linde:1993cn}, that connects a successful hybrid inflation scenario to the standard model Higgs sector, via the electroweak vacuum stability. The proposed model results in an effective inflation potential of a hilltop-type, with both the trans-Planckian and sub-Planckian inflation regimes consistent with the recent Planck/BICEP combined results. Reheating via the inflation sector decays to right-handed neutrinos is considered. An upper bound on the reheating temperature $T_{\mathrm{R}}\text{lsim}2\times 10^{11}(1\times 10^{13})$ GeV, for large~(small) field inflation, will suppress contributions from one-loop quantum corrections to the inflation potential. This may push the neutrino Yukawa couplings to be $\mathcal{O}(1)$ and affect the vacuum stability. We show that the couplings of the SM Higgs to the inflation sector can guarantee the electroweak vacuum stability up to the Planck scale. The so-called hybrid Higgs-inflaton model leads to a positive correction for the Higgs quartic coupling at a threshold scale, which is shown to have a very significant effect in stabilizing the electroweak vacuum. We find that even with $\mathcal{O}(1)$ neutrino Yukawa couplings, threshold corrections leave the SM vacuum stability intact.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·7 citations
4. 04*

   Confronting anomalous kaon correlations measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV

   Joseph I. Kapusta🇺🇸 · Scott Pratt🇺🇸 · Mayank Singh🇺🇸

   Measurements of the dynamical correlations between neutral and charged kaons in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV by the ALICE Collaboration display anomalous behavior relative to conventional heavy-ion collision simulators such as AMPT, EPOS, and HIJING. We consider other conventional statistical models, none of which can reproduce the magnitude and centrality dependence of the correlations. The data can be reproduced by coherent emission from domains which grow in number and volume with increasing centrality. We show that the energy released by condensation of strange quarks may be sufficient to explain the anomaly.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·8 citations
5. 05*

   Excited doubly heavy baryons production via top-quark decays

   Hong-Hao Ma🇨🇳 · Juan-Juan Niu🇨🇳 · Xu-Chang Zheng🇨🇳

   Within the framework of NRQCD, we calculate the production of excited doubly heavy baryons ${\Xi }_{bQ}$ through the semi-inclusive production process $t\to ⟨bQ⟩[n]\to {\Xi }_{bQ}+\bar{Q}+W^{+}$, where $Q=b$ or $c$ quark. The intermediate diquark state $⟨bQ⟩[n]$ is in the excited $P$-wave state, including ${[}^1{P}_1]$ and ${[}^3{P}_J]$ ($J=$0, 1 or 2) in both color antitriplet state $\overline{3}$ and color sixtuplet state $6$, that is, $⟨bc⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\overline{3}/6}$, $⟨bc⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_{\overline{3}/6}$, $⟨bb⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\overline{3}}$, and $⟨bb⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_6$. We find that the contributions from the P-wave states are about one order lower than the S-wave contributions, and this conclusion is consistent with others. We also analyze the invariant mass and angle differential distributions, and the theoretical uncertainty from the mass parameters and the renormalization scale. Finally, we can expect that about $1.14\times 10^{3-5}$ events of excited ${\Xi }_{bc}$ and $2.47\times 10^{1-3}$ events of excited ${\Xi }_{bb}$ can be produced per year at the LHC or HL-LHC with $\mathcal{L}$ =$10^{34-36}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Gravitational form factors of the baryon octet with flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking

   Ho-Yeon Won🇰🇷 · June-Young Kim🇺🇸 · Hyun-Chul Kim🇰🇷

   We investigate the gravitational form factors of the baryon octet within the framework of the SU(3) chiral quark-soliton model, considering the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking, and the corresponding energy-momentum tensor distributions. We examine the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking to the mass, angular momentum, pressure, and shear force distributions of the baryon octet. We first find that a heavier baryon is energetically more compact than a lighter one. For the spin distributions of the baryon octet, they are properly normalized to their spins and are decomposed into the flavor-singlet axial charge and the orbital angular momentum even when the flavor SU(3) symmetry is broken. While the effects of the flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking differently contribute to the angular momentum distributions for the octet baryons, they are found to be rather small. The spin and orbital angular momentum almost equally contribute to the angular momentum distributions for the octet baryons. We also estimate the effects of the flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking to the pressure and shear force distributions. Interestingly, even if we include the effects of the SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, the shear force distributions are kept to be positive over $r$. It indicates that the Polyakov & Schweitzer local stability condition is kept to be intact with the flavor SU(3) symmetry broken. Lastly, we discuss how much the gravitational form factors vary with the effects of flavor SU(3) symmetry breaking considered.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·34 citations
7. 07*

   Light sterile neutrinos effects in processes with electron and muon neutrinos

   V. V. Khruschov🇷🇺 · S. V. Fomichev🇷🇺

   Sterile neutrinos with various masses could be participated in astrophysical and cosmological processes including mixing with active neutrinos, if exist. It is considered the possible effects of mixing of active and sterile neutrinos with masses of the order or less than 1 eV. For oscillation processes involving electron and muon neutrinos, as well as for beta decay and neutrinoless double beta decay processes, the contributions of light sterile neutrinos in the characteristics of these processes are calculated. For this purpose the estimates of the mixing parameters in the model with three active and three sterile neutrinos are made taking into account experimental data. Two cases of sterile neutrinos masses distribution are considered in detail. The results obtained can be used for interpretation of available experimental data, and also for predictions of subsequent experimental results.

   hep-ph1 citation
8. 08*

   The dipole formalism for massive initial-state particles and its application to dark matter calculations

   Julia Harz🇩🇪 · Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Mohamed Younes Sassi🇩🇪 · Luca Paolo Wiggering🇩🇪

   The dark matter abundance plays a crucial role in the determination of the valid parameter space of models both in the case of a discovery of dark matter and in the context of exclusion limits. Reliable theoretical predictions of the dark matter relic density require technically demanding precision calculations, which were so far limited in their automation due to challenges in the treatment of infrared divergences appearing in higher order calculations. In particular, massive initial states need to be considered in early Universe computations, so that the known dipole subtraction methods could not be directly exploited. We therefore provide a full generalization of the dipole subtraction method by Catani and Seymour to supersymmetric (SUSY) QCD with massive initial states. All dipole splitting functions and their integrated counterparts are given explicitly for four different dimensional schemes. To showcase their application, we apply our results to dark matter (co)annihilation processes in the context of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. We also demonstrate the accuracy of the dipole method by comparing our numerical results with those obtained with the phase space slicing method. Our analytical results will facilitate future automation of dark matter abundance calculations at next-to-leading order for both SUSY and non-SUSY models.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
9. 09*

   Investigation of a candidate spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ hidden-charm triple strange pentaquark state $P_{csss}$

   K. Azizi🇮🇷 · Y. Sarac🇹🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

   A candidate triple strange pentaquark state, $P_{csss}$, is investigated through its strong decay channel $P_{csss}\to {\Omega }^{-}J/\psi$. To calculate the relevant strong coupling constants, two possible interpolating currents with spin-parity $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ are used. Though the chosen currents for the state under consideration have spin-parity quantum numbers $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, they couple to both the positive and negative parity states simultaneously and the corresponding decay widths are obtained for both parities. These widths are obtained as $\Gamma (P_{csss}\to J/\psi {\Omega }^{-})=201.4\pm 82.5\mathrm{MeV}$ for the negative and $\Gamma ({\tilde{P}}_{csss}\to J/\psi {\Omega }^{-})=316.4\pm 107.8\mathrm{MeV}$ for the positive parity state when the first current is used. For the second current, we obtain $\Gamma (P_{csss}\to J/\psi {\Omega }^{-})=252.5\pm 116.7\mathrm{MeV}$ for the negative and $\Gamma ({\tilde{P}}_{csss}\to J/\psi {\Omega }^{-})=361.1\pm 98.4\mathrm{MeV}$ for the positive parity state. These results may provide insights into future experimental observations of such candidate states and help to distinguish and fix their properties.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2023)·15 citations
10. 10*

    Asymptotic Grand Unification: The SO(10) case

    Mohammed Omer Khojali🇸🇩 · Alan S. Cornell🇿🇦 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Ammar Abdalgabar🇸🇦 · Corentin Cot🇫🇷

    We explicitly test the asymptotic grand unification of a minimal 5-dimensional model with SO(10) gauge theory compactified on an $S^1/Z_2\times Z_2^{\prime }$ orbifold. We consider all matter fields as propagating in the bulk and show that the gauge couplings asymptotically run to a fixed point in the UV. However, the Yukawa couplings will typically hit a Landau pole right above the compactification scale in this class of SO(10) models.

    hep-ph8 citations
11. 11*

    Reconstructing parton collisions with machine learning techniques

    German F. R. Sborlini🇪🇸 · David F. Rentería-Estrada🇲🇽 · Roger J. Hernández-Pinto🇲🇽 · Pia Zurita🇩🇪

    Having access to the parton-level kinematics is important for understanding the internal dynamics of particle collisions. Here, we present new results aiming to an efficient reconstruction of parton collisions using machine-learning techniques. By simulating the collider events, we related experimentally-accessible quantities with the momentum fractions of the involved partons. We used photon-hadron production to exploit the cleanliness of the photon signal, including up to NLO QCD-QED corrections. Neural networks led to an outstanding reconstruction efficiency, suggesting a powerful strategy for unveiling the behaviour of the fundamental bricks of matter in high-energy collisions.

    hep-phhep-thPoS(2022)·0 citations
12. 12*

    A Predictive $SO(10)$ Model

    George Lazarides🇬🇷 · Rinku Maji🇮🇳 · Rishav Roshan🇰🇷 · Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸

    We discuss some testable predictions of a non-supersymmetric $SO(10)$ model supplemented by a Peccei-Quinn symmetry. We utilize a symmetry breaking pattern of $SO(10)$ that yields unification of the Standard Model gauge couplings, with the unification scale also linked to inflation driven by an $SO(10)$ singlet scalar field with a Coleman-Weinberg potential. Proton decay mediated by the superheavy gauge bosons may be observable at the proposed Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. Due to an unbroken $Z_2$ gauge symmetry from $SO(10)$, the model predicts the presence of a stable intermediate mass fermion which, together with the axion, provides the desired relic abundance of dark matter. The model also predicts the presence of intermediate scale topologically stable monopoles and strings that survive inflation. The monopoles may be present in the Universe at an observable level. We estimate the stochastic gravitational wave background emitted by the strings and show that it should be testable in a number of planned and proposed space and land based experiments. Finally, we show how the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe is realized via non-thermal leptogenesis.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2022)·26 citations
13. 13*

    New Constraints on Dark Matter and Cosmic Neutrino Profiles through Gravity

    Yu-Dai Tsai🇺🇸 · Joshua Eby🇯🇵 · Jason Arakawa🇺🇸 · Davide Farnocchia🇺🇸 · Marianna S. Safronova🇺🇸

    We derive purely gravitational constraints on dark matter and cosmic neutrino profiles in the solar system using asteroid (101955) Bennu. We focus on Bennu because of its extensive tracking data and high-fidelity trajectory modeling resulting from the OSIRIS-REx mission. We find that the local density of dark matter is bound by ${\rho }_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim 3.3\times 10^{-15}kg/{\mathrm{m}}^3\simeq 6\times 10^6{\bar{\rho }}_{\mathrm{DM}}$, in the vicinity of $\sim 1.1$ au (where ${\bar{\rho }}_{\mathrm{DM}}\simeq 0.3GeV/c{\mathrm{m}}^3$). We show that high-precision tracking data of solar system objects can constrain cosmic neutrino overdensities relative to the Standard Model prediction ${\bar{n}}_{\nu }$, at the level of $\eta \equiv n_{\nu }/{\bar{n}}_{\nu }\lesssim 1.7\times 10^{11}(0.1\mathrm{eV}/m_{\nu })$ (Saturn), comparable to the existing bounds from KATRIN and other previous laboratory experiments (with $m_{\nu }$ the neutrino mass). These local bounds have interesting implications for existing and future direct-detection experiments. Our constraints apply to all dark matter candidates but are particularly meaningful for scenarios including solar halos, stellar basins, and axion miniclusters, which predict or allow overdensities in the solar system. Furthermore, introducing a DM-SM long-range fifth force with a strength ${\tilde{\alpha }}_D$ times stronger than gravity, Bennu can set a constraint on ${\rho }_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim {\bar{\rho }}_{\mathrm{DM}}\left(6\times 10^6/{\tilde{\alpha }}_D\right)$. These constraints can be improved in the future as the accuracy of tracking data improves, observational arcs increase, and more missions visit asteroids.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ex+1JCAP(2024)·28 citations
14. 14*

    The impact of neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling on new physics searches

    Nina M. Coyle🇺🇸 · Shirley Weishi Li🇺🇸 · Pedro A. N. Machado🇺🇸

    Accurate neutrino-nucleus interaction modeling is an essential requirement for the success of the accelerator-based neutrino program. As no satisfactory description of cross sections exists, experiments tune neutrino-nucleus interactions to data to mitigate mis-modeling. In this work, we study how the interplay between near detector tuning and cross section mis-modeling affects new physics searches. We perform a realistic simulation of neutrino events and closely follow NOvA's tuning, the first published of such procedures in a neutrino experiment. We analyze two illustrative new physics scenarios, sterile neutrinos and light neutrinophilic scalars, presenting the relevant experimental signatures and the sensitivity regions with and without tuning. While the tuning does not wash out sterile neutrino oscillation patterns, cross section mis-modeling can bias the experimental sensitivity. In the case of light neutrinophilic scalars, variations in cross section models completely dominate the sensitivity regardless of any tuning. Our findings reveal the critical need to improve our theoretical understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions, and to estimate the impact of tuning on new physics searches. We urge neutrino experiments to follow NOvA's example and publish the details of their tuning procedure, and to develop strategies to more robustly account for cross section uncertainties, which will expand the scope of their physics program.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·20 citations
15. 15*

    Toward the ultimate reach of current imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes and their sensitivity to TeV dark matter

    Alessandro Montanari🇫🇷 · Emmanuel Moulin🇫🇷 · Nicholas L. Rodd🇨🇭

    Indirect detection opens a unique window for probing thermal dark matter (DM): the same annihilation process that determined the relic abundance in the early Universe drives the present day astrophysical signal. While TeV-scale particles weakly coupled to the Standard Model face undoubted challenges from decades of null searches, the scenario remains compelling, and simple realizations such as Higgsino DM remain largely unexplored. The fate of such scenarios could be determined by gamma-ray observations of the centre of the Milky Way with Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). We consider the ultimate sensitivity of current IACTs to a broad range of TeV-scale DM candidates - including specific ones such as the Wino, Higgsino, and Quintuplet. To do so, we use realistic mock H.E.S.S.-like observations of the inner Milky Way halo, and provide a careful assessment of the impact of recent Milky Way mass modeling, instrumental and astrophysical background uncertainties in the Galactic Center region, and the theoretical uncertainty on the predicted signal. We find that the dominant systematic for IACT searches in the inner Galaxy is the unknown distribution of DM in that region, however, beyond this the searches are currently statistically dominated indicating a continued benefit from more observations. For two-body final states at $1\mathrm{TeV}$, we find a H.E.S.S.-like observatory is sensitive to $⟨\sigma v⟩\sim 3\times 10^{-26}-4\times 10^{-25}{\mathrm{cm}}^3{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$, except for neutrino final states, although we find results competitive with ANTARES. In addition, the thermal masses for the Wino and Quintuplet can be probed; the Higgsino continues to be out of reach by at least a factor of a few. Our conclusions are also directly relevant to the next generation Cherenkov Telescope Array, which remains well positioned to be the discovery instrument for thermal DM.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·23 citations
16. 16*

    Megahertz Gravitational Waves from Neutron Star Mergers

    Diego Blas🇪🇸 · Jorge Casalderrey-Solana🇪🇸 · David Mateos🇪🇸 · Mikel Sanchez-Garitaonandia🇫🇷

    Neutron star mergers provide a unique laboratory for the study of strong-field gravity coupled to quantum chromodynamics in extreme conditions. The frequencies and amplitudes of the resulting gravitational waves encode invaluable information about the merger. Simulations to date have shown that these frequencies lie in the kilohertz range. They have also shown that, if quantum chromodynamics possesses a first-order phase transition at high baryon density, then this is likely to be accessed during the merger dynamics. Here we show that this would result in the nucleation of superheated and/or supercompressed bubbles whose subsequent dynamics would produce gravitational waves in the megahertz range. We estimate the amplitude of this signal and compare it to the sensitivity of planned future detectors.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2026)·37 citations
17. 17*

    Studying the impact of the nucleon size in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    João Paulo Picchetti🇧🇷

    The hydrodynamic stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions simulations requires an energy density profile of the system as an initial condition. In the process of converting the two colliding nuclei into such an energy distribution, some specification about the $\text{size}$ of their constituent nucleons inevitably has to be made. Nucleons are commonly modeled as bidimensional Gaussians, and the Gaussian width (the nucleon-width) is a free parameter of the simulation. A best-fit value of the nucleon-width can be inferred by Bayesian Analyses, where the model is confronted with experimental data. Some of the most recent analyses have obtained surprisingly large values for the nucleon width parameter, exceeding in over 50 % the current value for the proton charged radius. This motivates the development of a better understanding of the role played by this parameter inside the simulation. In this work, we perform simulations of Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV using a state-of-the-art hybrid simulation chain, using three different values of the nucleon width inside the initial condition generator T${}_{\text{R}}$ENTo, and systematically investigate its effects on the initial condition characteristics and observables. The nucleon-width strongly affects the eccentricity harmonics and the gradients in the initial condition. The $⟨p_T⟩$ of particles in the simulation using $w$ = 0.5 fm is much larger than experimental data. We associate this to the combination of stronger gradients in the initial condition and the coupling of a conformal pre-equilibrium dynamics to the hydrodynamic simulation. Our findings suggest that the large values of the nucleon width returned by recent Bayesian Analyses were necessary to lower the mean transverse momentum, by damping the gradients in the initial condition.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
18. 18*

    Photon emission in the graphene under the action of a quasiconstant external electric field

    S. P. Gavrilov🇷🇺 · D. M. Gitman🇷🇺

    Following a nonperturbative formulation of strong-field QED developed in our earlier works, and using the Dirac model of the graphene, we construct a reduced QED_{3,2} to describe one species of the Dirac fermions in the graphene interacting with an external electric field and photons. On this base, we consider the photon emission in this model and construct closed formulas for the total probabilities. Using the derived formulas, we study probabilities for the photon emission by an electron and for the photon emission accompanying the vacuum instability in the quasiconstant electric field that acts in the graphene plane during the time interval T. We study angular and polarization distribution of the emission as well as emission characteristics in a high frequency and low frequency approximations. We analyze the applicability of the presented calculations to the graphene physics in laboratory conditions. In fact, we are talking about a possible observation of the Schwinger effect in these conditions.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallhep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2023)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Editorial: New Frontiers in Holographic Duality -- From quantum complexity and black holes to hydrodynamics and neutron stars

    Ayan Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳

    Over the last twenty five years, holographic duality has revolutionised our understanding of gauge theories, quantum many-body systems and also quantum black holes. This topical issue is a collection of review articles on recent advances in fundamentals of holographic duality and its applications with special focus on a few areas where it is inter-disciplinary to a large measure. The aim is to provide a sufficient background on relevant phenomenology and other theoretical areas such as quantum information theory to researchers whose primary expertise is in quantum fields, strings and gravity, and also the necessary concepts and methods of holography to researchers in other fields, so that these recent developments could be grasped and hopefully further developed by a wider community. The topics relating to fundamental aspects include understanding of bulk spacetime reconstruction in holography in the framework of quantum error correction along with the spectacular advances in resolution of the information paradoxes of quantum black holes; quantum complexity and its fundamental role in connecting holography with quantum information theory; theoretical and experimental advances in quantum simulators for information mirroring and scrambling in quantum black holes, and teleportation via wormholes; and a pedagogical review on wormholes also. The topics related to applied holography include applications to hydrodynamic attractor and its phenomenological implications, modelling of equation of state of QCD matter in neutron stars, and finally estimating hadronic contribution to light-by-light scattering for theoretical computation of the muon's $g-2$.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phnucl-th+1EPJC(2022)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Entropy and its conservation in expanding Universe

    Sinya Aoki🇯🇵 · Kiyoharu Kawana🇯🇵

    We investigate properties of the conserved charge in general relativity, recently proposed by one of the present authors with his collaborators, in the inflation era, the matter dominated era and the radiation dominated era of the expanding Universe. We show that the conserved charge in the inflation era becomes the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy for de Sitter space, and it becomes the matter entropy and the radiation entropy in the matter and radiation dominated eras, respectively, while the charge itself is always conserved. These properties are qualitatively confirmed by a numerical analysis of a model with a scalar field and radiations. Results in this paper provide more evidences on the interpretation that the conserved charge in general relativity corresponds to entropy.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·5 citations
21. 21*

    Modified Hawking temperatures of black holes in Lorentz violation theory

    S. Christina🇮🇳 · T. Ibungochouba Singh🇮🇳 · I. Ablu Meitei🇮🇳

    In this paper, the tunneling of scalar particles near the event horizons of Riemann space time, BTZ black hole and Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole are investigated by applying Hamilton-Jacobi equation with Lorentz violation theory in curved space time. The modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation is derived from Klein-Gordon equation of scalar particles induced by Lorentz violation theory in curved space time. The Hawking temperatures of Riemann space time and the BTZ black hole are modified due to the effect of Lorentz violation theory. Moreover, the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy near the event horizon of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole is also modified due to Lorentz violation theory. It is observed that the modified values of Hawking temperatures and change in Bekenstein-Hawking entropy depend upon the ether-like vectors $u^{\alpha }$.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thInt.J.Geom.Meth.Mod.Phys.(2023)·3 citations
22. 22*

    Confinement in $QCD$: novelties

    Adriano Di Giacomo🇮🇹

    We report on recent progress in understanding confinement of colour in $QCD$ as dual superconductivity of the vacuum. A gauge invariant version of the creation operator of monopoles is constructed whose vacuum expectation value is the order parameter. This order parameter is gauge-invariant from scratch, has no infrared divergences, is finite in the confined phase and vanishes in the deconfined phase. A natural explanation also emerges of why the electric field lines in the flux tubes keep no memory of the colour orientation of the condensing monopoles. A further by-product is that the order parameter can be traded with the two-point vacuum parallel correlator of the chromo-electric field.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thNucl.Part.Phys.Proc.(2023)·0 citations
23. 23*

    Towards a unified treatment of $\Delta S=0$ parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes

    Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Girish Muralidhara🇺🇸

    We revisit the unified treatment of low-energy hadronic parity violation espoused by Desplanques, Donoghue, and Holstein to the end of an ab initio treatment of parity violation in low-energy nuclear processes within the Standard Model. We use our improved effective Hamiltonian and precise non-perturbative assessments of the quark charges of the nucleon within lattice QCD to make new assessments of the parity-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants. Comparing with recent, precise measurements of hadronic parity violation in few-body nuclear reactions, we find improved agreement with these experimental results, though some tensions remain. We thus note the broader problem of comparing low-energy constants from nuclear and few-nucleon systems, considering, too, unresolved theoretical issues in connecting an ab initio, effective Hamiltonian approach to chiral effective theories. We note how future experiments and lattice QCD studies could sharpen the emerging picture, promoting the study of hadronic parity violation as a laboratory for testing ``end-to-end'' theoretical descriptions of weak processes in hadrons and nuclei at low energies.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·9 citations
24. 24*

    Towards a Quantum Simulation of Nonlinear Sigma Models with a Topological Term

    Jack Y. Araz🇬🇧 · Sebastian Schenk🇬🇧 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    We determine the mass gap of a two-dimensional $O(3)$ nonlinear sigma model augmented with a topological $\theta$-term using tensor network and digital quantum algorithms. As proof of principle, we consider the example $\theta =\pi$ and study its critical behaviour on a quantum simulator by examining the entanglement entropy of the ground state. We confirm that the quantum theory is massless in the strong-coupling regime, in agreement with analytical results. However, we also highlight the limitations of current quantum algorithms, designed for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, in the theory simulation at weak coupling. Finally, we compare the performance of our quantum algorithms to classical tensor network methods.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phhep-thPRA(2023)·19 citations
25. 25*

    Searching for dilaton fields in the Ly$\alpha$ forest

    Louis Hamaide🇬🇧 · Hendrik Müller🇩🇪 · David J. E. Marsh🇬🇧

    Dilatons (and moduli) couple to the masses and coupling constants of ordinary matter, and these quantities are fixed by the local value of the dilaton field. If, in addition, the dilaton with mass $m_{\varphi }$ contributes to the cosmic dark matter density, then such quantities oscillate in time at the dilaton Compton frequency. We show how these oscillations lead to broadening and shifting of the Voigt profile of the Ly$\alpha$ forest, in a manner that is correlated with the local dark matter density. We further show how tomographic methods allow the effect to be reconstructed by observing the Ly$\alpha$ forest spectrum of distant quasars. We then simulate a large number of quasar lines of sight using the lognormal density field, and forecast the ability of future astronomical surveys to measure this effect. We find that in the ultra low mass range $10^{-32}\text{ eV}\le m_{\varphi }\le 10^{-28}\text{ eV}$ upcoming observations can improve over existing limits to the dilaton electron mass and fine structure constant couplings set by fifth force searches by up to five orders of magnitude. Our projected limits apply assuming that the ultralight dilaton makes up a few percent of the dark matter density, consistent with upper limits set by the cosmic microwave background anisotropies.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2022)·11 citations
26. 26*

    Near-future discovery of the diffuse flux of ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrinos

    Victor Branco Valera🇩🇰 · Mauricio Bustamante🇩🇰 · Christian Glaser🇸🇪

    Ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos, with EeV-scale energies, carry with them unique insight into fundamental open questions in astrophysics and particle physics. For fifty years, they have evaded discovery, but maybe not for much longer, thanks to new UHE neutrino telescopes, presently under development. We capitalize on this upcoming opportunity by producing state-of-the-art forecasts of the discovery of a diffuse flux of UHE neutrinos in the next 10-20 years. By design, our forecasts are anchored in often-overlooked nuance from theory and experiment; we gear them to the radio array of the planned IceCube-Gen2 detector. We find encouraging prospects: even under conservative analysis choices, most benchmark UHE neutrino flux models available in the literature may be discovered within 10 years of detector exposure -- many sooner -- and may be distinguished from each other. Our results validate the transformative potential of next-generation UHE neutrino telescopes.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·33 citations
27. 27*

    State-of-the-Art Collapsar Jet Simulations Imply Undetectable Subphotospheric Neutrinos

    Ersilia Guarini🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra🇩🇰 · Ore Gottlieb🇺🇸

    Mounting evidence suggests that the launching of collapsar jets is magnetically driven. Recent general relativistic magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of collapsars reveal that the jet is continuously loaded with baryons, owing to strong mixing with the cocoon. This results in a high photosphere at $\gtrsim 10^{12}$ cm. Consequently, collisionless internal shocks below the photosphere are disfavored, and the neutrino production in the deepest jet regions is prevented, in contrast to what has been assumed in the literature. We find that subphotospheric neutrino production could only take place in the presence of collisionless sub-shocks or magnetic reconnection. Efficient particle acceleration is not possible in the cocoon, at the cocoon-counter cocoon shock interface, or at the shock driven by the cocoon in the event of a jet halted in an extended envelope. These subphotospheric neutrinos have energy $E_{\nu }\lesssim 10^5$ GeV for initial jet magnetizations ${\sigma }_0=15$-$2000$. More than one neutrino and antineutrino event is expected to be observed in Hyper-Kamiokande and IceCube DeepCore for sources located at $z\lesssim \mathcal{O}(0.1)$. Because of their energy, these neutrinos do not contribute to the diffuse flux detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Our findings have implications on neutrino searches ranging from gamma-ray bursts to luminous fast blue optical transients.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·16 citations
28. 28*

    How Clifford algebra can help understand second quantization of fermion and boson fields

    Norma Susana Mankoc Borstnik🇸🇮

    In the review article in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics (vol.121(2021) 103890)) the authors present the achievements so far of the spin-charge-family theory, which offers the explanation for all the so far observed properties of elementary fermion and boson fields, if the space-time is higher than d=(3+1), it must be $d\ge (13+1)$. Fermions interact with gravity only. Ref. PPNP (vol.121(2021) 103890)) presents, in addition to a rather detailed review of all the achievements of this theory so far, also an explanation for the postulates of the second quantization for fermionic fields: The internal space of fermions described with "basis vectors" represented by the Clifford odd objects manifests all the properties of fermion fields, including the anticommutativity of their creation and annihilation operators. This paper shows that even Clifford algebra objects provide a description of the internal space of boson fields manifesting all known properties of boson fields, explaining as well the reasons for the second quantization postulates for boson fields. Properties of fermion and boson fields with the internal spaces described by the Clifford odd and Clifford even objects are demonstrated on the toy model with $d=(5+1)$.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-phhep-th8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.