Mon·Sep 26, 2022Monday·September 26, 2022

1. 01*

   Report of the Topical Group on Top quark physics and heavy flavor production for Snowmass 2021

   Reinhard Schwienhorst · Doreen Wackeroth · Kaustubh Agashe · Simone Alioli · Javier Aparisi · Giuseppe Bevilacqua · Huan-Yu Bi · Raymond Brock · Abel Gutierrez Camacho · Fernando Febres Cordero · Jorge de Blas · Regina Demina and 59 other authors

   This report summarizes the work of the Energy Frontier Topical Group on EW Physics: Heavy flavor and top quark physics (EF03) of the 2021 Community Summer Study (Snowmass). It aims to highlight the physics potential of top-quark studies and heavy-flavor production processes (bottom and charm) at the HL-LHC and possible future hadron and lepton colliders and running scenarios.

   hep-phhep-ex39 citations
2. 02*

   How Broad is a Neutrino?

   Hannah Banks🇬🇧 · Kevin J. Kelly🇨🇭 · Matthew McCullough🇨🇭

   Canonical neutrino oscillations arise due to the propagation of three mass eigenstates from production to detection. We aspire to capture, in one simple framework, a broad range of new physics effects on neutrino propagation beyond this canonical picture - this can be done by promoting the neutrino propagators to the general Källén-Lehmann form. In this work we demonstrate how models predicting additional light propagating species of neutrino are naturally accommodated in this language and propose a simple model spectrum composed of just three `broadened' states as a flexible ansatz by which to explore the phenomenology of new physics in neutrino propagation. Reinterpreting existing neutrino oscillation measurements, we illustrate how this framework provides the capacity to probe deviations from the standard three-neutrino scenario systematically and generally. Whilst current data allows for relatively strong constraints on broadened neutrinos, we find the upcoming JUNO experiment will yield significant improvements, particularly for the heaviest neutrino, paving the way to a clearer understanding of how neutrinos propagate in vacuum.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Dark Matter from Evaporating Primordial Black Holes in the Early Universe

   Pratik Chattopadhyay🇬🇧 · Arnab Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Maxim Yu. Khlopov🇷🇺

   Primordial Black Holes (PBH) could dominate in the early universe and, evaporating before Big bang Nucleosynthesis, can provide new freeze in mechanism of dark matter (DM) production. The proposed scenario is considered for two possible mechanisms of PBH formation and the corresponding continuous PBH mass spectra so that the effect of non-single PBH mass spectrum is taken into account in the results of PBH evaporation, by which PBH dominance in the early universe ends. We specify the conditions under which the proposed scenario can explain production of dark matter in very early Universe.

   hep-phastro-ph.COInt.J.Geom.Meth.Mod.Phys.(2025)·11 citations
4. 04*

   A hidden self-interacting dark matter sector with first order cosmological phase transition and gravitational wave

   Wenyu Wang🇨🇳 · Wu-Long Xu🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳

   A dark scalar mediator can easily realize the self-interacting dark matter scenario and satisfy the constraint of the relic density of the dark matter. When the hidden sector is highly decoupled from the visible sector, the gravitational waves produced by the first order phase transition resulted from this dark scalar mediator will be an important signature to probe the dark sector physics. The simplest dark sector with one scalar and one Dirac fermion is studied in this work. A generic quartic finite-temperature potential is used to induce the strong first order phase transition. A joint analysis of the self-interacting dark matter, the relic density of the dark matter and the first order phase transition shows that the mass range of the dark scalar is about $(4\times 10^{-4}\sim 3)\mathrm{GeV}$. For the dark matter, when the temperature ratio $\xi$ between the hidden sector and the visible sector is larger than 0.1, its mass range is about $(10\mathrm{MeV}\sim 10\mathrm{GeV})$. The produced gravitational waves have a peak frequency of $(10^{-6}\sim 10^{-3})\mathrm{Hz}$ for a temperature ratio $0.1<\xi <1$, which may be detectable in future measurements.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2023)·18 citations
5. 05*

   Constraints from New CDF II W-Boson Mass On Top-Bottom Seesaw and the TopFlavor Models

   Guo-Li Liu🇨🇳

   In top-bottom seesaw and topflavor model, there may exist extra Higgses and vectorlike fermions, and we have examined the W mass anomaly reported by CDF II in these frames. We found that the CDF II W-boson mass data constrains the parameter r_t and z_t strictly in the two models, respectively, while the constraints on other parameters such as m_H, m_\chi are quite weak. Therefore, we conclude that in the two models, the W mass increment is sensitive to the extra fermions, but not the extra scalars. In topflavor model, we also consider the W mass increment induced by the mass mixing of the light and the heavy gauge bosons and the contribution is not too large and the constraints on the parameters x and y are weak.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Nontrivial One-loop Recursive Reduction Relation

   Tingfei Li🇨🇳

   In arXiv:2204.03190, we proposed a universal method to reduce one-loop integrals with both tensor structure and higher-power propagators. But the method is quite redundant as it does not utilize the results of lower rank cases when addressing certain tensor integrals. Recently, we found a remarkable recursion relation arXiv:2203.16881,2205.03000, where a tensor integral is reduced to lower-rank integrals and \textit{lower terms} corresponding to integrals with one or more propagators being canceled. However, the expression of the lower terms is unknown. In this paper, we derive this non-trivial recursion relation for non-degenerate and degenerate cases and provides an explicit expression for the lower terms, thus simplifying and speeding up the reduction process.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Production of exotic electromagnetic bound systems in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions with two-photon processes

   Gongming Yu🇨🇳 · Zhongxia Zhao🇨🇳 · Yanbing Cai🇨🇳 · Quangui Gao🇨🇳 · Qiang Hu🇨🇳 · Haitao Yang🇨🇳

   We calculate the production of exotic electromagnetic bound systems, which ia an consisting of a ($l^{+}{l}^{-}$) bound state system such as positronium, dimuonium, and ditauonium, by photon-photon interaction with the equivalent photon approximation in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions considering the nuclear form factor. The numerical results demonstrate that the experimental study of positronium, dimuonium, and ditauonium in ultra-peripheral collisions is feasible at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies.

   hep-phnucl-th8 citations
8. 08*

   A two-generational $\mathrm{SU}(7)$ model with extended weak sector: mass hierarchies, mixings, and the flavor non-universality

   Ning Chen🇨🇳 · Ying-nan Mao🇨🇳 · Zhaolong Teng🇨🇳 · Bin Wang🇨🇳 · Xiangjun Zhao🇨🇳

   We study a possible gauge symmetry breaking pattern in an $\mathrm{SU}(7)$ grand unified theory, which describes the mass origins of all electrically charged SM fermions of the second and the third generations. Two intermediate gauge symmetries of ${\mathcal{G}}_{341}\equiv \mathrm{SU}(3{)}_c\otimes \mathrm{SU}(4{)}_W\otimes \mathrm{U}(1{)}_{X_0}$ and ${\mathcal{G}}_{331}\equiv \mathrm{SU}(3{)}_c\otimes \mathrm{SU}(3{)}_W\otimes \mathrm{U}(1{)}_{X_1}$ arise above the electroweak scale. SM fermion mass hierarchies between two generations can be obtained through a generalized seesaw mechanism. The mechanism can be achieved with suppressed symmetry breaking VEVs from multiple Higgs fields that are necessary to avoid tadpole terms in the Higgs potential. Some general features of the $\mathrm{SU}(7)$ fermion spectrum will be described, which include the existence of vectorlike fermions, the tree-level flavor changing weak currents between the SM fermions and heavy partner fermions, and the flavor non-universality between different SM generations from the extended weak sector.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2023)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Broad resonance structure in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to f_1(1285){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and higher $\rho$-meson excitations

   Xiang Liu🇨🇳 · Qin-Song Zhou🇨🇳 · Li-Ming Wang🇨🇳

   Recently, the BaBar Collaboration reported a broad resonance structure near 2 GeV when analyzing the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to f_1(1285){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ process, which provides a good opportunity to study the higher $\rho$-mesonic states. When considering the $\rho (1900)$ and $\rho (2150)$ contributions, the experimental data of the cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to f_1(1285){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ around 2 GeV can be well depicted, especially the observed broad resonance structure in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to f_1(1285){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ containing two substructures is suggested by the present work. Additionally, we also indicate a possible signal of $\rho (5S)$ around 2.5 GeV in the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to f_1(1285){\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ process. The obtained result may provide a valuable hint to identify higher $\rho$ mesons, which will be a new task for the BESIII and Belle II experiments with the accumulation of higher precision data.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Phases and condensates in zero-temperature QCD at finite ${\mu }_I$ and ${\mu }_S$

    Jens O. Andersen🇳🇴

    I discuss pion and koan condensation and the the properties of the phases of QCD at finite isospin chemical potential ${\mu }_I$ and strangeness chemical potential ${\mu }_S$ at zero temperature using three-flavor chiral perturbation theory. Electromagnetic effects are included in the calculation of the phase diagram, which implies that the charged meson condensed phases become superconducting phases of QCD with a massive photon via the Higgs mechanism. Without electromagnetic effects, we show results for the light quark condensate and the pion condensate as functions of ${\mu }_I$ at next-to-leading (NLO) order in the low-energy expansion. The results are compared with recent lattice simulations and by including the NLO corrections, one obtains very good agreement.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·2 citations
11. 11*

    Transverse $\Lambda$ polarization in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ processes within a TMD factorization approach and the polarizing fragmentation function

    Umberto D'Alesio🇮🇹 · Leonard Gamberg🇺🇸 · Francesco Murgia🇮🇹 · Marco Zaccheddu🇮🇹

    We perform a re-analysis of Belle data for the transverse $\Lambda$ and $\bar{\Lambda }$ polarization in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation processes within a transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization approach. We consider two data sets, one referring to the associated production of $\Lambda$'s with a light unpolarized hadron in an almost back-to-back configuration, and one for the inclusive $\Lambda$ production, with the reconstruction of the thrust axis. We adopt the Collins-Soper-Sterman framework and employ the recent formulation on the factorization of single-inclusive hadron production. This extends a previous phenomenological study carried out in a more simplified TMD approach, leading to a new extraction of the polarizing fragmentation function (FF). While confirming several features of the previous analysis, here we include the proper QCD scale dependence of this TMD FF and carefully exploit the role of its nonperturbative component. The compatibility, within a unique TMD factorization scheme, of double and single-inclusive hadron production is discussed in detail. Moreover, we consider another data set for inclusive $\Lambda$ production, at much larger energies, from the OPAL Collaboration, in order to test the consistency of the entire approach. Finally, we elaborate on some fundamental issues like the role of $SU(2)$ isospin symmetry and the heavy quark contributions.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·19 citations
12. 12*

    Radiation from Axion star-Neutron star binaries with a tilted rotation axis in the presence of plasma

    A. Kyriazis🇺🇸

    We investigate the form of the radiation emitted by an axion star-neutron star binary using a $f(r)=\text{sech(r/R)}$ profile for the axion star. Our analysis takes into account the co-rotating plasma of the neutron star. We find that that there is significant enhancement to the radiated power if the neutron star's spin is tilted towards the plane of the axion star-neutron star orbit, compared to the case where it is perpendicular. We also examine whether the neutron star's co-rotating plasma can play a role in the emitted power and we find that even though dilute axion stars can in principle radiate more efficiently than dense axion stars, they will be pulled apart by the tidal forces of the neutron star

    hep-phastro-ph.HEJHEP(2022)·4 citations
13. 13*

    (sub)GeV Dark Matter in the $U(1{)}_X$ Higgs Portal Model

    Amir Amiri🇮🇷 · Bastián Díaz Sáez🇨🇱 · Karim Ghorbani🇮🇷

    In this research we consider a $U(1{)}_X$ gauge boson acting as a dark matter candidate. The vector dark matter (DM) gets mass when a complex singlet scalar breaks the gauge symmetry spontaneously, adding a second Higgs boson to the spectra. The dark matter candidates communicate with the SM particles via a scalar-Higgs portal. In this work, we concentrate on the masses of the vector dark matter and the scalar mediator below 10 GeV, aka light dark matter. Although we assume thermal freeze-out for the vector DM using the zero-moment of the full Boltzmann equation to calculate the relic abundance, we explore the effects of the second-moment when the vector DM annihilates resonantly. As typically light DM is highly sensitive to CMB bounds, we focus on two thermal mechanisms which alleviate this bound: dark matter annihilation via forbidden channels and near a pole. Other bounds from colliders, thermalization conditions, beam-dump experiments, and astrophysical observations are imposed. Taking into account all the bounds including the direct detection upper limits, the viable space is achieved.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPLB(2023)·8 citations
14. 14*

    Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics for for Snowmass 2021

    Rana X. Adhikari🇺🇸 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Ke Fang🇺🇸 · B. S. Sathyaprakash🇺🇸 · Kirsten Tollefson🇺🇸 · Tiffany R. Lewis🇺🇸 · Kristi Engel🇺🇸 · Amin Aboubrahim🇩🇪 · Ozgur Akarsu🇹🇷 · Yashar Akrami🇺🇸 · Roberto Aloisio🇮🇹 · Rafael Alves Batista🇪🇸 and 109 other authors

    Cosmic Probes of Fundamental Physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE25 citations
15. 15*

    Strong Supernova 1987A Constraints on Bosons Decaying to Neutrinos

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Georg G. Raffelt🇩🇪 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇺🇸

    Majoron-like bosons would emerge from a supernova (SN) core by neutrino coalescence of the form $\nu \nu \to \varphi$ and $\bar{\nu }\bar{\nu }\to \varphi$ with 100 MeV-range energies. Subsequent decays to (anti)neutrinos of all flavors provide a flux component with energies much larger than the usual flux from the "neutrino sphere." The absence of 100 MeV-range events in the Kamiokande-II and Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven signal of SN 1987A implies that less than 1% of the total energy was thus emitted and provides the strongest constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling of $g\lesssim 10^{-9}\mathrm{MeV}/m_{\varphi }$ for $100\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_{\varphi }\lesssim 100\mathrm{MeV}$. It is straightforward to extend our new argument to other hypothetical feebly interacting particles.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRL(2023)·112 citations
16. 16*

    Probing high-energy solar axion flux with a large scintillation neutrino detector

    Giuseppe Lucente🇮🇹 · Newton Nath🇮🇹 · Francesco Capozzi🇮🇹 · Maurizio Giannotti🇺🇸 · Alessandro Mirizzi🇮🇹

    We investigate the 5.49 MeV solar axions flux produced in the $p(d,{}^3\mathrm{He})a$ reaction and analyze the potential to detect it with the forthcoming large underground neutrino oscillation experiment Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). The JUNO detector could reveal axions through various processes such as Compton and inverse Primakoff conversion, as well as through their decay into two photons or electron-positron pairs inside the detector. We perform a detailed numerical analysis in order to forecast the sensitivity on different combinations of the axion-electron ($g_{ae}$), axion-photon ($g_{a\gamma }$), and isovector axion-nucleon ($g_{3aN}$) couplings, using the expected JUNO data for different benchmark values of axion mass in a model-independent way. We find that JUNO would improve by approximately one order of magnitude current bounds by Borexino and it has the best sensitivity among neutrino experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRhep-exPRD(2022)·26 citations
17. 17*

    Determination of the total cross section and $\rho$-parameter from elastic scattering in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

    Hasko Stenzel🇩🇪

    A new measurement of elastic $pp$ scattering at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS-ALFA detector is presented. The measurement was performed using data recorded in a special run of the LHC with ${\beta }^{\star }=2.5$ km. The elastic cross-section was measured differentially in the Mandelstam $t$ variable and from a fit to $\text{d}\sigma /\text{d}t$ the total cross section, the $\rho$-parameter and parameters of the nuclear slope are determined. The results for ${\sigma }_{\text{tot}}$ and $\rho$ are \begin{equation*} \sigma_{\textrm{tot}}(pp\rightarrow X) = \mbox{104.7} \; \pm 1.1 \; \mbox{mb} , \; \; \rho = \mbox{0.098} \; \pm 0.011 . \end{equation*} The energy evolution of ${\sigma }_{\text{tot}}$ and $\rho$, connected through dispersion relations, is compared to several models. Furthermore, the total inelastic cross section is determined from the difference of the total and elastic cross section, and the ratio of the elastic to total cross section is calculated.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2022)·3 citations
18. 18*

    Searches for Lepton Flavor Violation in Tau Decays at Belle II

    Swagato Banerjee🇺🇸

    Searches for lepton flavor violation in tau decays are unambiguous signatures of new physics. The branching ratios of tau leptons at the level of 10^-10 - 10^-9 can be probed with 50 ab^-1 of electron-positron annihilation data being collected by the Belle II experiment at the world's highest luminosity accelerator, the SuperKEKB, located at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, in Tsukuba, Japan. Searches with such expected sensitivity will either discover new physics or strongly constrain several new physics models.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phUniverse(2022)·28 citations
19. 19*

    Towards critical and supercritical electromagnetic fields

    M. Marklund🇸🇪 · T. G. Blackburn🇸🇪 · A. Gonoskov · J. Magnusson · S. S. Bulanov🇺🇸 · A. Ilderton🇬🇧

    The availability of ever stronger, laser-generated electromagnetic fields underpins continuing progress in the study and application of nonlinear phenomena in basic physical systems, ranging from molecules and atoms to relativistic plasmas and quantum electrodynamics. This raises the question: how far will we be able to go with future lasers? One exciting prospect is the attainment of field strengths approaching the Schwinger critical field $E_{\text{cr}}$ in the laboratory frame, such that the field invariant $E^2-c^2{B}^2>E_{\text{cr}}^2$ is reached. The feasibility of doing so has been questioned, on the basis that cascade generation of dense electron-positron plasma would inevitably lead to absorption or screening of the incident light. Here we discuss the potential for future lasers to overcome such obstacles, by combining the concept of multiple colliding laser pulses with that of frequency upshifting via a tailored laser-plasma interaction. This compresses the electromagnetic field energy into a region of nanometer size and attosecond duration, which increases the field magnitude at fixed power but also suppresses pair cascades. Our results indicate that 10-PW-class laser facilities could be capable of reaching $E_{\text{cr}}$. Such a scenario opens up prospects for experimental investigation of phenomena previously considered to occur only in the most extreme environments in the Universe.

    ↳ physics.plasm-phhep-phHigh Power Laser Sci.Eng.(2023)·15 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.