Fri·Sep 23, 2022Friday·September 23, 2022

1. 01*

   Jet thermalization in QCD kinetic theory

   Y. Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸 · S. Schlichting🇩🇪 · I. Soudi🇺🇸

   We perform numerical studies in QCD kinetic theory to investigate the energy and angular profiles of a high energy parton - as a proxy for a jet produced heavy ion collisions - passing through a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). We find that the fast parton loses energy to the plasma mainly via a radiative turbulent gluon cascade that transport energy locally from the jet down to the temperature scale where dissipation takes place. In this first stage, the angular structure of the turbulent cascade is found to be relatively collimated. However, when the lost energy reaches the plasma temperature is it rapidly transported to large angles w.r.t. the jet axis and thermalizes. We investigate the contribution of the soft jet constituents to the total jet energy. We show that for jet opening angles of about 0.3 rad or smaller the effect is negligible. Conversely, larger opening angles become more and more sensitive to the thermal component of the jet and thus to medium response. Our result showcase the importance of the jet cone size in mitigating or enhancing the details of dissipation in jet quenching observables.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·49 citations
2. 02*

   Coupled-channel dynamics with chiral long-range forces in the open-charm sector of QCD

   Matthias F.M. Lutz🇩🇪 · Xiao-Yu Guo🇨🇳 · Yonggoo Heo🇩🇪 · C.L. Korpa🇭🇺

   We perform an analysis of Lattice QCD data in the open-charm sector based on the chiral SU(3) Lagrangian. The low-energy constants are adjusted to recover the open-charm meson masses on Lattice QCD ensembles from HPQCD, ETMC and HSC with pion and kaon masses smaller than 550 MeV. A significant set of low-energy parameters is obtainable only if the most recent information from HSC on scattering observables is included in our global fit. For the first time our analysis considers the effect of left-hand cuts as developed in terms of a generalized potential approach (GPA) previously by one of the authors. Here we use coupled-channel interaction terms at the one-loop level. The elastic s-wave and p-wave $D\pi$, $DK$ and $D\bar{K}$ scattering phase shifts on ensembles with nominal pion masses of about 239 MeV and 391 MeV are reproduced faithfully. Based on such low-energy parameters we predict s- and p-wave phase shifts and inelasticities at physical quark masses, where the statistical uncertainties in the phase shifts are smaller than 1 degree always. Most striking would be the exotic s-wave $D_s\pi$ channel, for which we predict a resonance state at about 2.287 GeV where the phase shift passes through 90 degrees.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2022)·17 citations
3. 03*

   Theory Techniques for Precision Physics -- Snowmass 2021 TF06 Topical Group Report

   Radja Boughezal🇺🇸 · Zoltan Ligeti🇺🇸 · Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · Supratim Das Bakshi🇪🇸 · Fabrizio Caola🇬🇧 · Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Alvaro Diaz-Carmona🇪🇸 · Wen Chen🇨🇳 · Neda Darvishi🇨🇳 · Brian Henning🇨🇭 · Sebastian Jaskiewicz🇬🇧 · Teppei Kitahara🇯🇵 and 17 other authors

   The wealth of experimental data collected at laboratory experiments suggests that there is some scale separation between the Standard Model (SM) and phenomena beyond the SM (BSM). New phenomena can manifest itself as small corrections to SM predictions, or as signals in processes where the SM predictions vanish or are exceedingly small. This makes precise calculations of the SM expectations essential, in order to maximize the sensitivity of current and forthcoming experiments to BSM physics. This topical group report highlights some past and forthcoming theory developments critical for maximizing the sensitivity of the experimental program to understanding Nature at the shortest distances.

   hep-ph12 citations
4. 04*

   Charged pseudoscalar and vector meson masses under strong magnetic fields in an extended NJL model

   J.P. Carlomagno🇦🇷 · D. Gomez Dumm🇦🇷 · M.F. Izzo Villafañe🇦🇷 · S. Noguera🇪🇸 · N.N. Scoccola🇦🇷

   The mass spectrum of ${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\rho }^{+}$ mesons in the presence of a static uniform magnetic field $\vec{B}$ is studied within a two-flavor NJL-like model. We improve previous calculations taking into account the effect of Schwinger phases carried by quark propagators, and using an expansion of meson fields in terms of the solutions of the corresponding equations of motion for nonzero $B$. It is shown that the meson polarization functions are diagonal in this basis. Our numerical results for the ${\rho }^{+}$ meson spectrum are found to disfavor the existence of a meson condensate induced by the magnetic field. In the case of the ${\pi }^{+}$ meson, $\pi$ - $\rho$ mixing effects are analyzed for the meson lowest energy state. The predictions of the model are compared with available lattice QCD results.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·27 citations
5. 05*

   Matching the B-meson quasidistribution amplitude in the RI/MOM scheme

   Ji Xu🇨🇳 · Xi-Ruo Zhang🇨🇳

   Within the framework of large momentum effective theory (LaMET), the light-cone distribution amplitude of $B$-meson in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) can be extracted from lattice calculations of quasidistribution amplitude through hard-collinear factorization formula. This quasiquantity can be renormalized in a regularization-independent momentum subtraction scheme (RI/MOM). In this work, we derive the matching coefficient which connects the renormalized quasiditribution amplitude in the RI/MOM scheme and standard LCDA in the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ scheme at one-loop accuracy. Our numerical analysis approves of the feasibility of RI/MOM scheme for renormalizing $B$-meson quasidistribution amplitude. These results will be crucial for exploring the partonic structure of heavy-quark hadrons.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·17 citations
6. 06*

   Generalized Chiral Kinetic Equations

   Shu-Xiang Ma🇨🇳 · Jian-Hua Gao🇨🇳

   We derive the generalized chiral kinetic equations which are applicable to the fermions with arbitrary mass. We show how the dynamical magnetic-moment distribution function could lead to spin polarization and electric charge separation. We also show how the electric/magnetic moment distribution and pseudoscalar distribution could be induced by vorticity and electromagnetic field in global equilibrium.

   hep-phhep-thPLB(2023)·7 citations
7. 07*

   Precise determination of the top-quark on-shell mass $M_t$ via its scale-invariant perturbative relation to the top-quark $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ mass ${\overline{m}}_t({\overline{m}}_t)$

   Xu-Dong Huang🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Xu-Chang Zheng🇨🇳 · Jiang Yan🇨🇳 · Zhi-Fei Wu🇨🇳 · Hong-Hao Ma🇨🇳

   It has been shown that the principle of maximum conformality (PMC) provides a systematic way to solve conventional renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities. The scale-fixed predictions for physical observables using the PMC are independent of the choice of renormalization scheme -- a key requirement of renormalization group invariance. In the paper, we derive new degeneracy relations based on the renormalization group equations that involve both the usual $\beta$-function and the quark mass anomalous dimension ${\gamma }_m$-function, respectively. These new degeneracy relations lead to an improved PMC scale-setting procedures, such that the correct magnitudes of the strong coupling constant and the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-running quark mass can be fixed simultaneously. By using the improved PMC scale-setting procedures, the renormalization scale dependence of the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-on-shell quark mass relation can be eliminated systematically. Consequently, the top-quark on-shell (or $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$) mass can be determined without conventional renormalization scale ambiguity. Taking the top-quark $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ mass ${\overline{m}}_t({\overline{m}}_t)=162.5_{-1.5}^{+2.1}$ GeV as the input, we obtain $M_t\simeq 172.41_{-1.57}^{+2.21}$ GeV. Here the uncertainties are combined errors with those also from $\Delta {\alpha }_s(M_Z)$ and the approximate uncertainty stemming from the uncalculated five-loop terms predicted through the Padé approximation approach.

   hep-phCPC(2024)·9 citations
8. 08*

   Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and $<\eta >$ Mechanism in the Left-Right Symmetric Model

   Takeshi Fukuyama🇯🇵 · Toru Sato🇯🇵

   The neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay is studied in the framework of left-right symmetric model. The coexistence of left and right handed currents induces rather complicated interactions in the mixing of lepton and hadrons, called $<\lambda >$ mechanism and $<\eta >$ mechanism in addition to the conventional effective neutrino mass $<m_{\nu }>$ mechanism. In this letter we indicate the possible magnification of $<\eta >$ mechanism and importance to survey $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay of different nuclei for specifying New Physics beyond the Standard Model.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Investigating the collinear splitting effects of boosted dark matter at neutrino detectors

   Jinmian Li🇨🇳 · Junle Pei🇨🇳 · Cong Zhang🇨🇳

   We study the probing prospects of cosmic ray boosted dark matter (DM) in the framework of simplified electron-philic dark photon model. Focusing on the dark matter and dark photon masses around keV $\sim$ MeV scale, we consider the bounds obtained from the XENON1T and Super-K experiments. The electron bound state effects are treated carefully in calculating the XENON1T constraint. As for the detection at neutrino detector where the energy threshold is relatively higher, the large logarithmic effects induced by the scale hierarchy between the masses and momentum transfer are considered by introducing the DM parton distribution function (PDF). The logarithmic effects will reduce the electron recoil rate for DM scattering in neutrino detectors. Moreover, we find the DUNE and JUNO experiments provide high sensitivities for probing the dark photon component in the DM PDF through the dark Compton process. We also check the Bullet Cluster constraint on the DM self-scattering cross section.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Freeze-out Forbidden Dark Matter in the Hidden Sector in the Mass Range from sub-GeV to TeV

    Kwei-Chou Yang🇹🇼

    Kinematically forbidden channels can set the freeze-out dark matter (DM) relic abundance. These channels are described by DM annihilations into heavier states, which vanish at zero temperature limit, but occur at finite temperatures in the early Universe. For the case that the final state of the forbidden channel is scalar mediators that couple to Standard Model (SM) matter through mixing with the SM Higgs, the signals from DM-nucleon interactions and from mediator-related missing energy or displaced vertices could be detected by direct detections and particle physics experiments, respectively. We thus present a study on the simplest secluded vector dark matter model that can exhibit this scenario in the mass range from sub-GeV to TeV. The dark matter resides in the hidden sector, which is in thermal equilibrium with the SM before freeze-out. During freeze-out, the depletion of its density results from its annihilation into two heavier but metastable scalars, where the coupling can be determined by having the correct relic density and constrained by the perturbative unitarity bound. However, much of the allowed parameter space is insensitive to the mixing angle between the hidden scalar and SM Higgs. We find that a more significant mass splitting between DM and the mediator can be allowed only in the sub-GeV region. Moreover, the mass splitting in the TeV region is required to be within the percent level. This model of the forbidden DM interacting with SM particles through the scalar portal is testable in experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-exJHEP(2022)·14 citations
11. 11*

    Can the Higgs Still Account for the g-2 Anomaly?

    Fayez Abu-Ajamieh🇮🇳 · Sudhir K. Vempati🇮🇳

    We use an Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach to evaluate the viability of the Higgs to account for the $g-2$ anomaly. Although the SM contribution of the Higgs to the muon's magnetic dipole moment is negligible, using a \textit{bottom-up} EFT, we show that given the current level of experimental limits on the Higgs sector, the Higgs can still yield a viable solution to the $g-2$ anomaly if its couplings to the rest of the SM particles are allowed to deviate from their SM predictions. Further, applying unitarity arguments, we show that such a solution would indicate a scale of New Physics (NP) of $\sim 10-18$ TeV, which could be lowered to $\sim 5$ TeV if the Higgs couplings to the $W$ and $Z$ are assumed to conform to their SM predictions. We show that such a scenario could yield significant enhancement to the di-Higgs production in muon colliders, thus providing further motivation for its consideration. A key takeaway of this study is to highlight the importance of measuring the $\bar{\mu }\mu hh$ coupling in future experiments.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·9 citations
12. 12*

    Halo-Independent Dark Matter Electron Scattering Analysis with In-Medium Effects

    Muping Chen🇺🇸 · Graciela B. Gelmini🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵

    Dark matter (DM)-electron scattering is a prime target of a number of direct DM detection experiments and constitutes a promising avenue for exploring interactions of DM in the sub-GeV mass-range, challenging to probe with nuclear recoils. We extend the recently proposed halo-independent analysis method for DM-electron scattering, which allows to infer the local DM halo properties without any additional assumptions about them, to include in-medium effects through dielectric functions of the target material. We show that in-medium effects could significantly affect halo-independent analysis response functions for germanium and silicon and thus are essential for proper inference of local DM halo characteristics from direct DM detection data.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPLB(2023)·12 citations
13. 13*

    Tachyonic production of dark relics: a non-perturbative quantum study

    Kimmo Kainulainen🇫🇮 · Olli Koskivaara🇫🇮 · Sami Nurmi🇫🇮

    We study production of dark relics during reheating after the end of inflation in a system consisting of a non-minimally coupled spectator scalar field and the inflaton. We derive a set of renormalized quantum transport equations for the one-point function and the two-point function of the spectator field and solve them numerically. We find that our system can embody both tachyonic and parametric instabilities. The former is an expected result due to the non-minimal coupling, but the latter displays new features driven by a novel interplay of the two-point function with the Ricci scalar. We find that when the parametric instability driven by the two-point function takes place, it dominates the total particle production. The quantitative results are also found to be highly sensitive to the model parameters.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJHEP(2023)·21 citations
14. 14*

    Strange magnetars admixed with fermionic dark matter

    Osvaldo Ferreira🇧🇷 · Eduardo S. Fraga🇧🇷

    We discuss strange stars admixed with fermionic dark matter in the presence of a strong magnetic field using the two-fluid Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations. We describe strange quark matter using the MIT bag model and consider magnetic fields in the range $\sim 10^{17}-10^{18}$ G. For the fermionic dark matter, we consider the cases of free particles and strongly self-interacting particles, with dark fermion masses $m=5,100,500$ GeV. We discuss the effects of dark matter and a strong magnetic field on the masses and radii of the stars, as well as on its tidal deformability. Even though strong magnetic fields contribute to decreasing the total mass of the star, they attenuate the rate of decrease in the maximum mass brought about by increasing the dark matter fraction in the admixed system. The most intensely affected observable, however, is the tidal deformability, with variations on the range of $70\%-90\%$ for reasonable values of the magnetic field or dark matter central energy density.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2023)·16 citations
15. 15*

    Two-Real-Singlet-Model Benchmark Planes

    Tania Robens🇭🇷

    In this manuscript, I briefly review the Benchmark Planes in the Two-Real-Singlet Model (TRSM), a model that enhances the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector by two real singlets that obey a Z2 x Z2' symmetry. In this model, all fields acquire a vacuum expectation value, such that the model contains in total 3 CP-even neutral scalars that can interact with each other. All interactions with SM-like particles are inherited from the SM-like doublet via mixing. I remind the readers of the previously proposed benchmark planes, and briefly discuss possible production at future Higgs factories, as well as regions in a more generic scan of the model. For these, I also discuss the use of the W-boson mass as a precision observable to determine allowed/ excluded regions in the models parameter space. This work builds on a whitepaper submitted to the Snowmass process.

    hep-phSymmetry(2023)·24 citations
16. 16*

    Axion-assisted Resonance Oscillation Rescues the Dodelson-Widrow Mechanism

    Shu-Yuan Guo🇨🇳 · Xuewen Liu🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    The $\mathrm{keV}$ scale sterile neutrino was a qualified candidate for dark matter particles in the Dodelson-Widrow mechanism. But the mixing angle, needed to provide enough amount of dark matter, is in contradiction with the astrophysical observations. To alleviate such tension, we introduce an effective interaction, i.e. $g_a(\varphi /\Lambda ){\partial }_{\mu }a\overline{{\nu }_{\alpha }}{\gamma }^{\mu }{\gamma }_5{\nu }_{\alpha }$, among Standard Model neutrino ${\nu }_{\alpha }$, axion $a$, and singlet $\varphi$. The axial-vector interaction form is determined by the axion shift symmetry, and the singlet $\varphi$ with dynamically varied vacuum expectation value is introduced to reinforce the axial-vector coupling strength and evade the stringent neutrino oscillation constraints. The effective potential generated by the new interaction {could cancel} the SM counterpart, resulting in an {enhanced converting} probability between SM neutrino and sterile neutrino. Hence, the production rate of sterile neutrinos can be substantially enlarged with smaller mixing compared to the DW mechanism.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·2 citations
17. 17*

    Muon-Electron Scattering at NNLO

    Tim Engel🇨🇭

    This thesis provides a pedagogical overview of the theoretical foundations of the McMule framework, a Monte Carlo integrator for processes with muons and other leptons. Among other things, we show how the simple infrared structure in QED can be exploited to construct FKS${}^{\ell }$, a subtraction scheme for soft singularities to all orders in perturbation theory. Furthermore, we present the method of massification as a solution to the problem of multi-scale integrals in the presence of large scale hierarchies. Finally, we introduce next-to-soft stabilisation as an elegant tool to stabilise the numerically delicate real-virtual contribution. To this end, we generalise the Low-Burnett-Kroll theorem for massive fermions to one loop. This allows for a straightforward application of the method without the need of explicit calculations. We have developed all of these techniques with fully differential NNLO QED calculations in mind and have successfully applied them to many processes such as the muon decay as well as Bhabha and Møller scattering. One of the main drivers of these developments has been the MUonE experiment requiring a high-precision theory prediction for muon-electron ($\mu$-$e$) scattering at the level of $10\text{ppm}$. The multi-scale nature of $\mu$-$e$ scattering makes this process particularly challenging from a technical point of view. Only the combined application of FKS${}^{\ell }$, massification, and next-to-soft stabilisation makes the corresponding calculation possible. This thesis therefore presents for the first time the fully differential calculation of the complete set of NNLO corrections to $\mu$-$e$ scattering. This represents a major step towards the ambitious $10\text{ppm}$ target precision of the MUonE experiment.

    hep-ph17 citations
18. 18*

    Kinematical higher-twist corrections in ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to M\bar{M}$

    Cédric Lorcé🇫🇷 · Bernard Pire🇫🇷 · Qin-Tao Song🇨🇳

    We estimate kinematical higher-twist (up to twist 4) corrections to the ${\gamma }^{\ast }(q_1)\gamma (q_2)\to M(p_1)\bar{M}(p_2)$ amplitudes at large $Q^2=-q_1^2$ and small $s=(q_1+q_2{)}^2$, where $M$ is a scalar or pseudoscalar meson. This process is known to factorize at leading twist into a perturbatively calculable coefficient function and generalized distribution amplitudes (GDAs). The kinematical higher-twist contributions of order $s/Q^2$ and $m^2/Q^2$ turn out to be important in the cross section, considering the kinematics accessible at Belle and Belle II. We present numerical estimates for the cross section for ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ with the $\pi \pi$ GDA extracted from Belle measurements and with the asymptotic $\pi \pi$ GDA as inputs to study the magnitude of the kinematical corrections. To see how the target mass corrections of order $m^2/Q^2$ affect the cross section, we also perform the calculation for ${\gamma }^{\ast }\gamma \to \eta \eta$ by using a model $\eta \eta$ GDA.In the range $s>1$ GeV${}^2$, the kinematical higher-twist corrections account for $\sim 15\%$ of the total cross section, an effect which is not negligible. Since $\pi \pi$ GDAs are the best way to access the pion energy-momentum tensor (EMT), our study demonstrates that an accurate evaluation of EMT form factors requires the inclusion of kinematical higher-twist contributions.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·17 citations
19. 19*

    Heavy-flavor impact on CTEQ-TEA global QCD analyses

    Marco Guzzi🇺🇸 · Alim Ablat🇨🇳 · Sayipjamal Dulat🇨🇳 · Tie-Jiun Hou🇨🇳 · Pavel M. Nadolsky🇺🇸 · Ibrahim Sitiwaldi🇨🇳 · Keping Xie🇺🇸 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

    We discuss heavy-flavor production at hadron colliders in recent global QCD analyses to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. We discuss heavy-flavor treatments in precision theory predictions at the LHC. In particular, we discuss factorization schemes in presence of heavy flavors in proton-proton collisions, as well as the impact of heavy-flavor production at the LHC on PDFs. We show results of recent updates beyond CT18, the latest global QCD analysis from the CTEQ-TEA group.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Light stringy states and the $g-2$ of the muon

    Pascal Anastasopoulos🇦🇹 · Elias Niederwieser🇦🇹 · François Rondeau🇫🇷

    In this work, we evaluate the contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($(g-2{)}_{\mu }$) coming from light stringy states in a D-brane semi-realistic configuration. A scalar which couples only to the muon can have a mass sufficiently light to provide a significant contribution to the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$. This scenario can arise in intersecting D-brane models, where such light scalars correspond to the first stringy excitations of an open string stretched between two D-branes intersecting with a very small angle. In this article, we show that there is a region in the space of the geometric parameters of the internal manifold where such scalar light stringy states can explain (part) of the observed discrepancy in the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$. In a low string scale framework with $M_s\sim 10\mathrm{TeV}$, we show that an excited Higgs with mass $\mathcal{O}(250\mathrm{MeV})$, living in an intersection with an angle of order $\mathcal{O}(10^{-10})$, can provide a significant contribution of one-tenth of the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ discrepancy. This leads to a lower bound for the compact dimension where the branes intersect of order $\mathcal{O}(10^{-8}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1})$. We also study patterns in D-brane configurations that realize our proposal, both in three and four stacks models.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2022)·3 citations
21. 21*

    A Better Angle on Hadron Transverse Momentum Distributions at the EIC

    Anjie Gao🇺🇸 · Johannes K. L. Michel🇺🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸 · Zhiquan Sun🇺🇸

    We propose an observable $q_{\ast }$ sensitive to transverse momentum dependence (TMD) in $eN\to ehX$, with $q_{\ast }/E_N$ defined purely by lab-frame angles. In 3D measurements of confinement and hadronization this resolves the crippling issue of accurately reconstructing small transverse momentum $P_{hT}$. We prove factorization for $\mathrm{d}{\sigma }_h/\mathrm{d}{q}_{\ast }$ for $q_{\ast }\ll Q$ with standard TMD functions, enabling $q_{\ast }$ to substitute for $P_{hT}$. A double-angle reconstruction method is given which is exact to all orders in QCD for $q_{\ast }\ll Q$. $q_{\ast }$ enables an order-of-magnitude improvement in the expected experimental resolution at the EIC.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2023)·16 citations
22. 22*

    Neutrino Fast Flavor Pendulum. Part 2: Collisional Damping

    Ian Padilla-Gay🇩🇰 · Irene Tamborra (Niels Bohr Institute)🇩🇰 · Georg G. Raffelt (Max Planck Institute for Physics)🇩🇪

    In compact astrophysical objects, the neutrino density can be so high that neutrino-neutrino refraction can lead to fast flavor conversion of the kind ${\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_e\leftrightarrow {\nu }_x{\bar{\nu }}_x$ with $x=\mu ,\tau$, depending on the neutrino angle distribution. Previously, we have shown that in a homogeneous, axisymmetric two-flavor system, these collective solutions evolve in analogy to a gyroscopic pendulum. In flavor space, its deviation from the weak-interaction direction is quantified by a variable $\cos \vartheta$ that moves between $+1$ and $\cos {\vartheta }_{\min }$, the latter following from a linear mode analysis. As a next step, we include collisional damping of flavor coherence, assuming a common damping rate $\Gamma$ for all modes. Empirically we find that the damped pendular motion reaches an asymptotic level of pair conversion $f=A+(1-A)\cos {\vartheta }_{\min }$ (numerically $A\simeq 0.370$) that does not depend on details of the angular distribution (except for fixing $\cos {\vartheta }_{\min }$), the initial seed, nor $\Gamma$. On the other hand, even a small asymmetry between the neutrino and antineutrino damping rates strongly changes this picture and can even enable flavor instabilities in otherwise stable systems.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2022)·62 citations
23. 23*

    Resolving the Scales of the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Energy Correlators

    Carlota Andres🇫🇷 · Fabio Dominguez🇪🇸 · Raghav Kunnawalkam Elayavalli🇺🇸 · Jack Holguin🇫🇷 · Cyrille Marquet🇫🇷 · Ian Moult🇺🇸

    Jets provide us with ideal probes of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions, since its dynamics at its different scales is imprinted into the multi-scale substructure of the final state jets. We present a new approach to jet substructure in heavy-ion collisions based on the study of correlation functions of energy flow operators. By analysing the two-point correlator of an in-medium quark jet, we demonstrate that the spectra of correlation functions robustly identify the scales defined by the properties of the QGP, particularly those associated with the onset of colour coherence.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2023)·129 citations
24. 24*

    The cost of an ALP solution to the neutral $B$-anomalies

    J. Bonilla🇪🇸 · A. de Giorgi🇪🇸 · B. Gavela🇪🇸 · L. Merlo🇪🇸 · M. Ramos🇪🇸

    The neutral anomalies in $B$ decays are analysed in terms of the tree-level exchange of an axion-like-particle (ALP), within the effective field theory framework. The complete two-dimensional parameter space for ALP couplings to electrons and muons is explored. The solutions to $R_K$ and to the two energy bins of $R_{K^{\ast }}$ are confronted with the impact of ALP exchange on other observables (meson oscillations, leptonic and semileptonic decays of $B$ mesons including searches for new resonances, astrophysical constraints), as well as with the theoretical domain of validity of the effective theory. Solutions based on ALPs heavier than $B$ mesons, or lighter than twice the muon mass, are shown to be excluded. In contrast, the exchange of on-shell ALPs provides solutions to $R_K$ and/or $R_{K^{\ast }}$ within $2\sigma$ sensitivity which are technically compatible with those constraints. Furthermore, a ''golden ALP mass'' is identified at the frontier between the two energy bin windows of $R_{K^{\ast }}$, which could simultaneously explain these two $R_{K^{\ast }}$ anomalies together with $R_K$; this calls for the convenience of different energy binning which would easily clear up this (unlikely) possibility. The impact of smearing on data analysis is also discussed. When loop effects are taken into account, the solutions found can be in addition compatible with the data on the $g-2$ of the electron but not simultaneously with those on the $g-2$ of the muon. Furthermore, loop effects may require fine-tunings of some coupling values.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·30 citations
25. 25*

    Charge Symmetry Breaking Effects on Neutron Beta Decay in Non-Relativistic Quark Models

    Jacob W. Crawford🇺🇸 · Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

    A formalism for the study of charge symmetry breaking (CSB) effects is discussed and used to analyze the effects of charge symmetry breaking on neutron beta decay. The effect of including CSB reduces the beta decay matrix element by an amount on the order of $10^{-4}$, a value much larger than the previous estimate. A much smaller contribution due to proton recoil is treated as well, which is found to be on the order of $10^{-6}$. The current uncertainty in the value of $V_{ud}$ is also of order $10^{-4}$. An improvement of that uncertainty by an order of magnitude would require that charge symmetry breaking effects should be included in future analyses.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2022)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Return of 4U~1730--22 after 49 years silence: the peculiar burst properties of the 2021/2022 outbursts observed by Insight-HXMT

    Yu-Peng Chen · Shu Zhang · Long Ji · Shuang-Nan Zhang · Ling-Da Kong · Peng-Ju Wang · Zhi Chang · Jing-Qiang Peng · Jian Li · Jin-Lu Qu · Zhao-Sheng Li · Lian Tao · Ming-Yu Ge

    After in quiescence for 49 years, 4U~1730--22 became active and had two outbursts in 2021 \& 2022; ten thermonuclear X-ray bursts were detected with Insight-HXMT. Among them, the faintest burst showed a double-peaked profile, placing the source as the 5th accreting neutron star (NS) exhibiting double/triple-peaked type-I X-ray bursts; the other bursts showed photospheric radius expansion (PRE). The properties of double-peaked non-PRE burst indicate that it could be related to a stalled burning front. For the five bright PRE bursts, apart from the emission from the neutron star (NS) surface, we find the residuals both in the soft ($<$3 keV) and hard ($>$10 keV) X-ray band. Time-resolved spectroscopy reveals that the excess can be attributed to an enhanced pre-burst/persistent emission or the Comptonization of the burst emission by the corona/boundary-layer. We find, the burst emission shows a rise until the photosphere touches down to the NS surface rather than the theoretical predicted constant Eddington luminosity. The shortage of the burst emission in the early rising phase is beyond the occlusion by the disk. We speculate that the findings above correspond to that the obscured part (not only the lower part) of the NS surface is exposed to the line of sight due to the evaporation of the obscured material by the burst emission, or the burst emission is anisotropic ($\xi >1$) in the burst early phase. In addition, based on the average flux of PRE bursts at their touch-down time, we derive a distance estimation as 10.4 kpc.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Pion superfluid phase transition under external magnetic field including inverse magnetic catalysis effect

    Shijun Mao🇨🇳 · Yvming Tian🇨🇳

    Pion superfluid phase transition under external magnetic field including the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) effect is investigated by the Pauli-Villars regularized NJL model. Based on the Goldstone's theorem, we apply the massless Goldstone boson (${\pi }^{+}$ meson) to determine the onset of pion superfluid phase. The inverse magnetic catalysis effect is introduced by the magnetic field dependent coupling $G(eB)$, which is a decreasing function of magnetic field. At fixed temperature and baryon chemical potential, the critical isospin chemical potential for pion superfluid phase transition including IMC effect increases as the magnetic field grows, which is similar as the case without IMC effect. This demonstrates that magnetic field disfavors the pion superfluid phase when considering or ignoring IMC effect. The critical isospin chemical potential at fixed magnetic field, temperature and baryon chemical potential is shifted to higher value by the IMC effect. Since it is more difficult to form pion superfluid with weaker coupling.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2022)·9 citations
28. 28*

    Report of the Snowmass 2021 Topical Group on Lattice Gauge Theory

    Zohreh Davoudi🇺🇸 · Ethan T. Neil🇺🇸 · Christian W. Bauer🇺🇸 · Tanmoy Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Thomas Blum🇺🇸 · Peter Boyle🇺🇸 · Richard C. Brower🇺🇸 · Simon Catterall🇺🇸 · Norman H. Christ🇺🇸 · Vincenzo Cirigliano🇺🇸 · Gilberto Colangelo🇨🇭 · Carleton DeTar🇺🇸 and 26 other authors

    Lattice gauge theory continues to be a powerful theoretical and computational approach to simulating strongly interacting quantum field theories, whose applications permeate almost all disciplines of modern-day research in High-Energy Physics. Whether it is to enable precision quark- and lepton-flavor physics, to uncover signals of new physics in nucleons and nuclei, to elucidate hadron structure and spectrum, to serve as a numerical laboratory to reach beyond the Standard Model, or to invent and improve state-of-the-art computational paradigms, the lattice-gauge-theory program is in a prime position to impact the course of developments and enhance discovery potential of a vibrant experimental program in High-Energy Physics over the coming decade. This projection is based on abundant successful results that have emerged using lattice gauge theory over the years: on continued improvement in theoretical frameworks and algorithmic suits; on the forthcoming transition into the exascale era of high-performance computing; and on a skillful, dedicated, and organized community of lattice gauge theorists in the U.S. and worldwide. The prospects of this effort in pushing the frontiers of research in High-Energy Physics have recently been studied within the U.S. decadal Particle Physics Planning Exercise (Snowmass 2021), and the conclusions are summarized in this Topical Report.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-th46 citations
29. 29*

    Preparations for Quantum Simulations of Quantum Chromodynamics in 1+1 Dimensions: (II) Single-Baryon $\beta$-Decay in Real Time

    Roland C. Farrell🇺🇸 · Ivan A. Chernyshev🇺🇸 · Sarah J. M. Powell🇨🇦 · Nikita A. Zemlevskiy🇺🇸 · Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Martin J. Savage🇺🇸

    A framework for quantum simulations of real-time weak decays of hadrons and nuclei in a 2-flavor lattice theory in one spatial dimension is presented. A single generation of the Standard Model is found to require 16 qubits per spatial lattice site after mapping to spin operators via the Jordan-Wigner transformation. Both quantum chromodynamics and flavor-changing weak interactions are included in the dynamics, the latter through four-Fermi effective operators. Quantum circuits which implement time evolution in this lattice theory are developed and run on Quantinuum's H1-1 20-qubit trapped ion system to simulate the $\beta$-decay of a single baryon on one lattice site. These simulations include the initial state preparation and are performed for both one and two Trotter time steps. The potential intrinsic error-correction properties of this type of lattice theory are discussed and the leading lattice Hamiltonian required to simulate $0\nu \beta \beta$-decay of nuclei induced by a neutrino Majorana mass term is provided.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·130 citations
30. 30*

    Precision physics with the Proton Spectrometer and diffractive physics measurements from CMS

    C. Royon🇺🇸

    We describe recent results from CMS and TOTEM on hard diffraction, diffractive jets and jet gap jet events. We also give the first sensitivities and limits on quartic anomalous couplings and axion-like particles at high mass using the LHC as a $\gamma \gamma$ collider. The predicted sensitivities with 300 fb${}^{-1}$ are better by two or three orders of magnitude compared to the more standard methods at the LHC without measuring intact protons after collision

    ↳ hep-exhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Kaonic Hanbury-Brown-Twiss radii at 200 GeV and 5.02 TeV

    Mubarak Alqahtani🇸🇦 · Michael Strickland🇺🇸

    We use 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydroQP) to make predictions for kaon Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) radii in 200 GeV and 5.02 TeV heavy-ion collisions. Using previously determined aHydroQP parameters, we compute kaonic HBT radii and their ratios as a function of the mean transverse momentum of the pair $k_T$. We first consider Au-Au collisions at 200 GeV, finding good agreement between aHydroQP predictions and experimental data up to $k_T\sim 0.8$ GeV. We then present predictions for kaonic HBT radii and their ratios in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions. Our aHydroQP predictions do not exhibit a clear $k_T$ scaling of the pion and kaon source radii, however, an approximate transverse mass $m_T$ scaling is observed, particularly at 200 GeV.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·8 citations
32. 32*

    The effects of self-interacting bosonic dark matter on neutron star properties

    Edoardo Giangrandi🇵🇹 · Violetta Sagun🇵🇹 · Oleksii Ivanytskyi🇵🇱 · Constança Providência🇵🇹 · Tim Dietrich🇩🇪

    We propose a model of asymmetric bosonic dark matter (DM) with self-repulsion mediated by the vector field coupled to the complex scalar particles. By adopting the two-fluid formalism, we study different DM distribution regimes, either, fully condensed inside the core of a star or, otherwise, distributed in a dilute halo around a neutron star (NS). We show that DM condensed in a core leads to a decrease of the total gravitational mass, radius and tidal deformability compared to a pure baryonic star with the same central density, which we will perceive as an effective softening of the equation of state (EoS). On the other hand, the presence of a DM halo increases the tidal deformability and total gravitational mass. As a result, an accumulated DM inside compact stars could mimic an apparent stiffening of strongly interacting matter equation of state and constraints we impose on it at high densities. From the performed analysis of the effect of DM particles in a MeV-GeV mass-scale, interaction strength, and relative DM fractions inside NSs we obtained a rigorous constraint on model parameters. Finally, we discuss several smoking guns of the presence of DM that are free from the above mentioned apparent modification of the strongly interacting matter equation of state. With this we could be probed with the future astrophysical and gravitational wave (GW) surveys.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phApJ(2023)·84 citations
33. 33*

    Effects of Initial Density Fluctuations on Cumulants in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV

    Xiaoqing Yue🇨🇳 · Yongjia Wang🇨🇳 · Qingfeng Li🇨🇳 · Fuhu Liu🇨🇳

    Within the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effect of initial density fluctuations on cumulants of the net-proton multiplicity distribution in Au + Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7 GeV was investigated by varying the minimum distance $d_{\min }$ between two nucleons in the initialization. It was found that the initial density fluctuations increased with the decrease of $d_{\min }$ from 1.6 fm to 1.0 fm, and the influence of $d_{\min }$ on the magnitude of the net-proton number fluctuation in a narrow pseudorapidity window ($\Delta \eta \le$ 4) was negligible even if it indeed affected the density evolution during the collision. At a broad pseudorapidity window ($\Delta \eta \ge$ 4), the cumulant ratios were enlarged when the initial density fluctuations were increased with the smaller value of $d_{\min }$, and this enhancement was comparable to that observed in the presence of the nuclear mean-field potential. Moreover, the enhanced cumulants were more evident in collisions with a larger impact parameter. The present work demonstrates that the fingerprint of the initial density fluctuations on the cumulants in a broad pseudorapidity window is clearly visible, while it is not obvious as the pseudorapidity window becomes narrow.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phUniverse(2022)·2 citations
34. 34*

    Gravitational coupling of QED and QCD: 3- and 4- point functions in momentum space

    Matteo Maria Maglio🇩🇪 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

    Conformal symmetry has important consequences for strong interactions at short distances and provides powerful tools for practical calculations. Even if the Lagrangians of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Electrodynamics (QED) are invariant under conformal transformations, this symmetry is broken by quantum corrections. The signature of the symmetry breaking is encoded in the presence of massless poles in correlators involving stress-energy tensors. We present a general study of the correlation functions $⟨TJJ⟩$ and $⟨TTJJ⟩$ of conformal field theory (CFT) in the flat background limit in momentum space, following a reconstruction method for tensor correlators. Furthermore, our analysis also focuses on studying the dimensional degeneracies of the tensor structures related to these correlators.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·0 citations
35. 35*

    Algorithms for minimal Picard-Fuchs operators of Feynman integrals

    Pierre Lairez🇫🇷 · Pierre Vanhove🇫🇷

    In even space-time dimensions the multi-loop Feynman integrals are integrals of rational function in projective space. By using an algorithm that extends the Griffiths--Dwork reduction for the case of projective hypersurfaces with singularities, we derive Fuchsian linear differential equations, the Picard--Fuchs equations, with respect to kinematic parameters for a large class of massive multi-loop Feynman integrals. With this approach we obtain the differential operator for Feynman integrals to high multiplicities and high loop orders. Using recent factorisation algorithms we give the minimal order differential operator in most of the cases studied in this paper. Amongst our results are that the order of Picard--Fuchs operator for the generic massive two-point $n-1$-loop sunset integral in two-dimensions is $2^n-\left(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n+1}{\lfloor \frac{n+1}{2}\rfloor }\right)$ supporting the conjecture that the sunset Feynman integrals are relative periods of Calabi--Yau of dimensions $n-2$. We have checked this explicitly till six loops. As well, we obtain a particular Picard--Fuchs operator of order 11 for the massive five-point tardigrade non-planar two-loop integral in four dimensions for generic mass and kinematic configurations, suggesting that it arises from $K3$ surface with Picard number 11. We determine as well Picard--Fuchs operators of two-loop graphs with various multiplicities in four dimensions, finding Fuchsian differential operators with either Liouvillian or elliptic solutions.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPLett.Math.Phys.(2023)·51 citations
36. 36*

    Chiral restoration of strange baryons

    Eduardo S. Fraga🇧🇷 · Rodrigo da Mata🇧🇷 · Savvas Pitsinigkos🇬🇧 · Andreas Schmitt🇬🇧

    We review the results of a phenomenological model for cold and dense nuclear matter exhibiting a chiral phase transition. The idea is to model the quark-hadron phase transition under neutron star conditions within a single model, but without adding quark degrees of freedom by hand. To this end, strangeness is included in the form of hyperonic degrees of freedom, whose light counterparts provide the strangeness in the chirally restored phase. In the future, the model can be used for instance to compute the surface tension at the (first-order) chiral phase transition and to study the possible existence of inhomogeneous phases.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·0 citations
37. 37*

    Parameterisations of thermal bomb explosions for core-collapse supernovae and 56Ni production

    Liliya Imasheva (1,2) · H.-Thomas Janka (1,3)🇩🇪 · Achim Weiss (1,2) ((1) MPI Astrophysics, Garching, (2) LMU, Munich, (3) TUM, Garching)

    Thermal bombs are a widely used method to artificially trigger explosions of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) to determine their nucleosynthesis or ejecta and remnant properties. Recently, their use in spherically symmetric (1D) hydrodynamic simulations led to the result that {56,57}Ni and 44Ti are massively underproduced compared to observational estimates for Supernova 1987A, if the explosions are slow, i.e., if the explosion mechanism of CCSNe releases the explosion energy on long timescales. It was concluded that rapid explosions are required to match observed abundances, i.e., the explosion mechanism must provide the CCSN energy nearly instantaneously on timescales of some ten to order 100 ms. This result, if valid, would disfavor the neutrino-heating mechanism, which releases the CCSN energy on timescales of seconds. Here, we demonstrate by 1D hydrodynamic simulations and nucleosynthetic post-processing that these conclusions are a consequence of disregarding the initial collapse of the stellar core in the thermal-bomb modelling before the bomb releases the explosion energy. We demonstrate that the anti-correlation of 56Ni yield and energy-injection timescale vanishes when the initial collapse is included and that it can even be reversed, i.e., more 56Ni is made by slower explosions, when the collapse proceeds to small radii similar to those where neutrino heating takes place in CCSNe. We also show that the 56Ni production in thermal-bomb explosions is sensitive to the chosen mass cut and that a fixed mass layer or fixed volume for the energy deposition cause only secondary differences. Moreover, we propose a most appropriate setup for thermal bombs.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thMNRAS(2022)·13 citations
38. 38*

    Imaging the initial condition of heavy-ion collisions and nuclear structure across the nuclide chart

    Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸 · Giuliano Giacalone🇩🇪 · Benjamin Bally🇫🇷 · James Daniel Brandenburg🇺🇸 · Ulrich Heinz🇺🇸 · Shengli Huang🇺🇸 · Dean Lee · Yen-Jie Lee · Wei Li🇺🇸 · Constantin Loizides🇺🇸 · Matthew Luzum🇧🇷 · Govert Nijs🇺🇸 and 9 other authors

    High-energy nuclear collisions encompass three key stages: the structure of the colliding nuclei informed by low-energy nuclear physics, the initial condition (IC) leading to the formation of quark-gluon plasma (QGP), and the hydrodynamic expansion and hadronization of the QGP leading to final-state hadrons observed experimentally. Recent advances in experimental and theoretical methods have ushered in a precision era, enabling an increasingly accurate understanding of these stages. However, most approaches involve simultaneously determining both QGP properties and initial conditions from a single collision system, creating complexity due to the coupled contributions of various stages to the final-state observables. To avoid this, we propose leveraging known knowledge of low-energy nuclear structure and hydrodynamic observables to constrain the IC independently. By conducting comparative studies of collisions involving isobar-like nuclei - species with similar mass numbers but different structures - we disentangle the initial condition's impacts from the QGP properties. This approach not only refines our understanding of the IC but also turns high-energy experiments into a precision tool for imaging nuclear structures, offering insights that complement traditional low-energy approaches. Opportunities for carrying out such comparative experiments at the LHC and other facilities could significantly advance both high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics. Additionally, this approach has implications for the future EIC. While the possibilities are extensive, we focus on selected proposals that could benefit both the high-energy and low-energy nuclear physics communities. Originally prepared as input for the long-range plan of U.S. nuclear physics, this white paper reflects the status as of September 2022, with a brief update on developments since then.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phnucl-thNucl.Sci.Tech.(2024)·128 citations
39. 39*

    Hybrid metric-Palatini Higgs inflation

    Minxi He🇯🇵 · Yusuke Mikura🇯🇵 · Yuichiro Tada🇯🇵

    We propose an extension of the Higgs inflation to the hybrid metric-Palatini gravity, where we introduce non-minimal couplings between Higgs and both the metric-type and the Palatini-type Ricci scalars. We study the inflationary phenomenology of our model and find that slow-roll inflation can be realized in the large-field regime, giving the observationally favored predictions. In particular, the scalar spectral index exhibits an attractor behavior to $n_{\mathrm{s}}\sim 0.964$, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio can take an arbitrary value depending on the non-minimal coupling parameters, with the metric-Higgs limit $r\sim 10^{-3}$ being the maximum. We also investigate the unitarity property of our model. As the ultraviolet (UV) cutoff as a low-energy effective field theory (EFT) of this model is significantly lower than the Planck scale due to a strong curvature of field-space, we consider a possible candidate of UV-extended theories with an additional scalar field introduced so as to flatten the field-space in five-dimension. While the field-space can be flatten completely and this approach can lead to a weakly-coupled EFT, we gain an implication that Planck-scale EFT can be only realized in the limit of metric-Higgs inflation. We also discuss generalizations of the model up to mass-dimension four.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·17 citations
40. 40*

    Massive Color-Kinematics Duality and Double-Copy for Kaluza-Klein Scattering Amplitudes

    Yao Li🇨🇳 · Yan-Feng Hang🇨🇳 · Hong-Jian He🇨🇳

    We study the scattering amplitudes of massive Kaluza-Klein (KK) states under toroidal compactification. We present a shifting method to quantitatively derive the scattering amplitudes of massive KK gauge bosons and KK gravitons from the corresponding massless amplitudes in the noncompactified higher dimensional theories. With these we construct the massive KK scattering amplitudes by extending the double-copy relations of massless scattering amplitudes within the field theory framework, including both the BCJ and CHY methods, and build up their connections to the massive KK KLT relations. We present the massive BCJ-type double-copy construction of the $N$-point KK gauge boson/graviton scattering amplitudes, and as the applications we derive explicitly the four-point KK scattering amplitudes as well as the five-point KK scattering amplitudes. We further study the nonrelativistic limit of these massive scattering amplitudes with the heavy external KK states and discuss the impact of the compactified extra dimensions on the low energy gravitational potential. Finally, we analyze the four-point and $N$-point mass spectral conditions and newly propose a novel group theory approach to prove that only the KK theories under toroidal compactification can satisfy these conditions for directly realizing massive double-copy in the field theory framework.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·9 citations
41. 41*

    Stability of multi-component relativistic viscous hydrodynamics from Israel-Stewart and reproducing DNMR from maximizing the entropy

    Dekrayat Almaalol🇺🇸 · Travis Dore🇺🇸 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸

    The Quark Gluon Plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions has three relevant conserved charges: baryon number (B), strangeness (S), and electric charge (Q). Here we derive the Israel-Stewart framework for BSQ diffusion coupled to shear and bulk viscosity and the thermodynamic derivatives needed to couple this to a BSQ equation of state. We reproduce a subset of the $\mathcal{J}$ terms in the DNMR approach and propose a technique to derive other terms from the maximum entropy principle. Finally, we preform a stability analysis that can be used to constraint transport coefficients in BSQ hydrodynamics.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·26 citations
42. 42*

    Prompt cusps and the dark matter annihilation signal

    M. Sten Delos🇩🇪 · Simon D. M. White🇩🇪

    As the first dark matter objects gravitationally condense, a density cusp forms immediately at every initial density maximum. Numerical simulations and theoretical arguments suggest that these prompt cusps can survive until the present day. We show that if dark matter is a thermally produced weakly interacting massive particle, many thousands of prompt cusps with individual masses similar to that of the Earth may be present in every solar mass of dark matter. This radically alters predictions for the amount and spatial distribution of dark matter annihilation radiation. The annihilation rate is boosted by at least an order of magnitude compared to previous predictions, both in the cosmological average and within galaxy-scale halos. Moreover, the signal is predominantly boosted outside of the centers of galactic halos, so alternative targets become significantly more attractive for indirect-detection searches. For example, prompt cusps present new opportunities to test the dark matter interpretation of the Galactic Center gamma-ray excess by searching for similar spectral signatures in the isotropic gamma-ray background and large-scale cosmic structure.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2023)·39 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.