Tue·Mar 15, 2022Tuesday·March 15, 2022

1. 01*

   Probing heavy-flavor parton distribution functions at hadron colliders

   Keping Xie🇺🇸 · Marco Guzzi🇺🇸 · Pavel Nadolsky🇺🇸

   Precision measurements of heavy-flavor hadroproduction at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have the ability to probe heavy-flavor parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. Sensitivity of inclusive $B^{\pm }$ meson production cross section measurements at LHCb 13 TeV to the bottom-quark PDF is illustrated by using theory predictions obtained with a the S-ACOT-MPS general mass variable flavor number (GMVFN) scheme within the QCD factorization formula. This approach can easily be extended to other heavy-flavor production processes, such as $Z$ boson production in association with a bottom- or a charm-jet. The inclusion of such measurements will represent an important improvement for future global QCD analyses that aim at reducing uncertainties of heavy-flavor PDFs, provided that a consistent general mass treatment in $pp$ collisions is used. This work is related to the activities of the Snowmass topic groups EF03, and EF06.

   hep-ph3 citations
2. 02*

   Leveraging universality of jet taggers through transfer learning

   Frédéric A. Dreyer🇬🇧 · Radosław Grabarczyk🇬🇧 · Pier Francesco Monni🇨🇭

   A significant challenge in the tagging of boosted objects via machine-learning technology is the prohibitive computational cost associated with training sophisticated models. Nevertheless, the universality of QCD suggests that a large amount of the information learnt in the training is common to different physical signals and experimental setups. In this article, we explore the use of transfer learning techniques to develop fast and data-efficient jet taggers that leverage such universality. We consider the graph neural networks LundNet and ParticleNet, and introduce two prescriptions to transfer an existing tagger into a new signal based either on fine-tuning all the weights of a model or alternatively on freezing a fraction of them. In the case of $W$-boson and top-quark tagging, we find that one can obtain reliable taggers using an order of magnitude less data with a corresponding speed-up of the training process. Moreover, while keeping the size of the training data set fixed, we observe a speed-up of the training by up to a factor of three. This offers a promising avenue to facilitate the use of such tools in collider physics experiments.

   hep-phcs.CVcs.LGhep-exEPJC(2022)·25 citations
3. 03*

   Testing neutrino flavor models

   Julia Gehrlein🇺🇸 · Serguey Petcov🇮🇹 · Martin Spinrath🇹🇼 · Arsenii Titov🇪🇸

   Finding a rationale behind the observed pattern of neutrino mixings has been at the focus of neutrino flavor model building. Many different approaches have been put forward including models based on symmetries. Among the most predictive models based on symmetries are models which predict not only the mixing parameters but also correlations between them. These mixing sum rules allow to probe flavor models in the future. In this white paper we collect the predictions for the mixing parameters from flavor models based on discrete symmetries broken to certain residual symmetries of the lepton mass matrices and from models with modular symmetries to contrast them with bounds from current and future oscillations experiments.

   hep-phhep-ex17 citations
4. 04*

   Precision electroweak physics at the LHeC and FCC-eh

   Daniel Britzger🇩🇪 · Max Klein🇬🇧 · Hubert Spiesberger🇩🇪

   The proposed electron-proton collider experiments LHeC and FCC-eh at CERN are the highest resolution microscopes that can be realised in the present century and they would represent a really unique research facility. We exploit simulated neutral-current and charged-current deep-inelastic scattering data of the LHeC and the FCC-eh and examine their sensitivity for precision physics in the Electroweak sector of the Standard Model (SM), like the effective weak mixing angle ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{\text{W},\ell }^{\text{eff}}$, or the light-quark weak-neutral-current couplings. Unique measurements are further feasible at high precision for the running of the weak mixing angle, as well as for electroweak effects in charged current interactions. The sensitivity to beyond SM effects is studied using the generic $S$, $T$ and $U$ parameterization. The report summarizes previous studies about the LHeC and presents new prospects for the FCC-eh.

   hep-phhep-exPoS(2022)·9 citations
5. 05*

   Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Fundamental Physics and Beyond the Standard Model

   Emanuele Berti🇺🇸 · Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰 · Zoltán Haiman🇺🇸 · Daniel E. Holz🇺🇸 · Emil Mottola🇺🇸 · Suvodip Mukherjee🇨🇦 · Bangalore Sathyaprakash🇺🇸 · Xavier Siemens🇺🇸 · Nicolás Yunes🇺🇸

   Gravitational wave detectors are formidable tools to explore strong-field gravity, especially black holes and neutron stars. These compact objects are extraordinarily efficient at producing electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. As such, they are ideal laboratories for fundamental physics and have an immense discovery potential. The detection of black hole binaries by third-generation Earth-based detectors, space-based detectors and pulsar timing arrays will provide exquisite tests of general relativity. Loud "golden" events and extreme mass-ratio inspirals can strengthen the observational evidence for horizons by mapping the exterior spacetime geometry, inform us on possible near-horizon modifications, and perhaps reveal a breakdown of Einstein's gravity. Measurements of the black-hole spin distribution and continuous gravitational-wave searches can turn black holes into efficient detectors of ultralight bosons across ten or more orders of magnitude in mass. A precise monitoring of the phase of inspiralling binaries can constrain the existence of additional propagating fields and characterize the environment in which the binaries live, bounding the local dark matter density and properties. Gravitational waves from compact binaries will probe general relativity and fundamental physics in previously inaccessible regimes, and allow us to address fundamental issues in our current understanding of the cosmos.

   hep-phgr-qchep-th27 citations
6. 06*

   High-pressure TPCs in pressurized caverns: opportunities in dark matter and neutrino physics

   Benjamin Monreal🇺🇸

   The natural gas and hydrogen storage industries have experience creating huge, pressurized underground spaces. The most common of these is "solution mining", a method for making brine-filled cavities in salt formations. Unlike conventionally-mined underground spaces, these spaces are (a) inexpensive to construct and operate, (b) naturally serve as pressure vessels, at size scales impossible to construct in a conventional lab, and (b) permit safe use of flammable and/or toxic materials. If various engineering challenges could be met, solution-mined caverns would allow unprecedentedly-large high pressure gas TPCs. Lined rock caverns (LRC) may permit high pressure TPCs of considerable size in more conventional spaces. In this whitepaper, we review some of the new physics opportunities available in these caverns and suggest an R&D program needed to realize them.

   hep-phnucl-exphysics.ins-det3 citations
7. 07*

   The $Z_3$ soft breaking in the I(2+1)HDM and its probes at present and future colliders

   D. Hernández-Otero🇲🇽 · J. Hernández-Sánchez🇲🇽 · S. Moretti🇬🇧 · T. Shindou🇯🇵

   A $Z_3$ symmetric 3-Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) with two inert doublets and one active doublet (that plays the role of the Higgs doublet), the so-called I(2+1)HDM, is studied. We discuss the behaviour of this 3HDM realisation when one allows for a $Z_3$ soft breaking term. Such a symmetry enables the presence of a two-component Dark Matter (DM) scenario in the form of "Hermaphrodite DM", where the two inert candidates have opposite CP parity and are protected by this discrete symmetry from decaying into Standard Model (SM) particles. Furthermore, the two DM states are potentially distinguishable from each other as they cannot be subsumed into a complex field, having different masses and gauge couplings. With this in mind, we study differential spectra with a distinctive shape from which the existence of two different DM component distributions could be easily inferred. We prove this to be possible at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) via the $q\bar{q}\to 2l+H_1{H}_1$ and $q\bar{q}\to 2l+A_1{A}_1$ processes as well as at a future electron-positron machine via the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to 2l+H_1{H}_1$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to 2l+A_1{A}_1$ channels, where $l=e,\mu$.

   hep-ph5 citations
8. 08*

   Large Spin-2 Signals at the Cosmological Collider

   Xi Tong🇨🇳 · Zhong-Zhi Xianyu🇨🇳

   We study the theory and phenomenology of massive spin-2 fields during the inflation with nonzero background chemical potential, and extend the cosmological collider physics to tensor modes. We identify a unique dimension-5 and parity-violating chemical potential operator for massive spin-2 fields, which leads to a ghost-free linear theory propagating one scalar mode and two tensor modes. The chemical potential greatly boosts the production of one tensor mode even for very heavy spin-2 particles, and thereby leads to large and distinct cosmological collider signals for massive spin-2 particles. The large signals show up at the tree-level in both the curvature trispectrum and the tensor-curvature mixed bispectrum.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2022)·82 citations
9. 09*

   Towards deconstructing the simplest seesaw mechanism

   Sanjoy Mandal🇰🇷 · O. G. Miranda🇲🇽 · G. Sanchez Garcia🇲🇽 · J. W. F. Valle🇪🇸 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳

   The triplet or type-II seesaw mechanism is the simplest way to endow neutrinos with mass in the Standard Model (SM). Here we review its associated theory and phenomenology, including restrictions from $S$, $T$, $U$ parameters, neutrino experiments, charged lepton flavour violations as well as collider searches. We also examine restrictions coming from requiring consistency of electroweak symmetry breaking, i.e. perturbative unitarity and stability of the vacuum. Finally, we discuss novel effects associated to the scalar mediator of neutrino mass generation namely, (i) rare processes, e.g. $l_{\alpha }\to l_{\beta }\gamma$ decays, at the intensity frontier, and also (ii) four-lepton signatures in colliders at the high-energy frontier. These can be used to probe neutrino properties in an important way, providing a test of the absolute neutrino mass and mass-ordering, as well as of the atmospheric octant. They may also provide the first evidence for charged lepton flavour violation in nature. In contrast, neutrino non-standard interaction strengths are found to lie below current detectability.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·50 citations
10. 10*

    Astrophysical and Cosmological Probes of Dark Matter

    Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Mariangela Lisanti🇺🇸 · Samuel D. McDermott🇺🇸 · Nicholas L. Rodd🇨🇭 · Christoph Weniger🇳🇱 · Yacine Ali-Haïmoud🇺🇸 · Malte Buschmann🇺🇸 · Ilias Cholis🇺🇸 · Djuna Croon🇬🇧 · Adrienne L. Erickcek🇺🇸 · Vera Gluscevic🇺🇸 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 and 7 other authors

    While astrophysical and cosmological probes provide a remarkably precise and consistent picture of the quantity and general properties of dark matter, its fundamental nature remains one of the most significant open questions in physics. Obtaining a more comprehensive understanding of dark matter within the next decade will require overcoming a number of theoretical challenges: the groundwork for these strides is being laid now, yet much remains to be done. Chief among the upcoming challenges is establishing the theoretical foundation needed to harness the full potential of new observables in the astrophysical and cosmological domains, spanning the early Universe to the inner portions of galaxies and the stars therein. Identifying the nature of dark matter will also entail repurposing and implementing a wide range of theoretical techniques from outside the typical toolkit of astrophysics, ranging from effective field theory to the dramatically evolving world of machine learning and artificial-intelligence-based statistical inference. Through this work, the theory frontier will be at the heart of dark matter discoveries in the upcoming decade.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEJHEAp(2022)·95 citations
11. 11*

    T violation without complex entries in lepton mixing matrix

    A. V. Chukhnova🇷🇺 · A. E. Lobanov🇷🇺

    We demonstrate that T invariance can be violated even when Pontecorvo--Maki--Nakagawa--Sakata lepton mixing matrix is real. We obtain a sufficient condition of T violation in neutrino oscillations in matter and electromagnetic field. In the two-flavor model we derive the T-violating spin-flavor transition probabilities. Then we prove that the transition probabilities for neutrino in moving medium in electromagnetic field differ from those for antineutrino in matter composed of antiparticles and electromagnetic field only in the sign of the T-violating term.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Ultraheavy particle dark matter

    Daniel Carney🇺🇸 · Nirmal Raj🇨🇦 · Yang Bai🇺🇸 · Joshua Berger🇺🇸 · Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Joseph Bramante🇨🇦 · Christopher Cappiello🇨🇦 · Maíra Dutra🇨🇦 · Reza Ebadi🇺🇸 · Kristi Engel🇺🇸 · Edward Kolb🇺🇸 · J. Patrick Harding🇺🇸 and 16 other authors

    We outline the unique opportunities and challenges in the search for "ultraheavy" dark matter candidates with masses between roughly $10\mathrm{TeV}$ and the Planck scale $m_{\mathrm{pl}}\approx 10^{16}\mathrm{TeV}$. This mass range presents a wide and relatively unexplored dark matter parameter space, with a rich space of possible models and cosmic histories. We emphasize that both current detectors and new, targeted search techniques, via both direct and indirect detection, are poised to contribute to searches for ultraheavy particle dark matter in the coming decade. We highlight the need for new developments in this space, including new analyses of current and imminent direct and indirect experiments targeting ultraheavy dark matter and development of new, ultra-sensitive detector technologies like next-generation liquid noble detectors, neutrino experiments, and specialized quantum sensing techniques.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exSciPost Phys.Core(2023)·91 citations
13. 13*

    Helicity-dependent distribution of strange quarks in the proton from nonlocal chiral effective theory

    Fangcheng He🇨🇳 · Chueng-Ryong Ji🇺🇸 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · Y. Salamu🇨🇳 · A. W. Thomas🇦🇺 · P. Wang🇨🇳 · X. G. Wang🇦🇺

    The helicity-dependent strange quark distribution in the proton, $\Delta s$, is calculated in a nonlocal chiral SU(3) effective field theory. The hadronic proton to meson plus octet or decuplet baryon splitting functions are derived at the one-loop level, with loop integrals rendered finite by correlation functions introduced in the nonlocal Lagrangian. Within the convolution framework, the proton strange helicity distribution is obtained using spin-flavor symmetry to constrain the input valence quark distributions in the hadronic intermediate states. The polarized strange quark distribution is found to be quite small, with the lowest moment of $\Delta s$ negative, but consistent with recent global QCD analyses.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2022)·9 citations
14. 14*

    Understanding mass hierarchy in collisional energy loss through heavy flavor data

    Bojana Ilic🇷🇸 · Magdalena Djordjevic🇷🇸

    While experimental observations, such as the mass hierarchy effect, are attributed and analyzed within radiative models, their interpretation crucially depends on collisional energy loss contribution, which is often neglected in such analyses. To our knowledge, neither a (direct) simple relation between collisional energy loss and heavy quark mass is established, nor an observable that quantifies this effect. On the other hand, the upcoming high-luminosity measurements at RHIC and LHC will generate heavy flavor data with unprecedented precision, providing an opportunity to utilize high-pT heavy flavor data to analyze the interaction mechanisms in the quark-gluon plasma. To this end, we employ a recently developed DREENA framework based on our dynamical energy loss formalism to study the mass hierarchy in heavy flavor suppression. We present i) Analytical derivation of a direct relation between collisional suppression/energy loss and heavy quark mass. ii) A novel observable sensitive only to the collisional energy loss mechanism to be tested by future high-precision experiments. iii) Analytical and numerical extraction of the mass hierarchy in collisional energy losses through this observable.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2022)·3 citations
15. 15*

    Detection of Inelastic Dark Matter via Electron Recoils in SENSEI

    Yuchao Gu🇨🇳 · Lei Wu🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    The low-threshold experiment SENSEI, which uses the ultralow-noise silicon Skipper-CCD to explore light dark matter from the halo, has achieved the most rigorous limitations on light DM-electron scattering cross section. In this work, we investigate the inelastic DM-electron scattering process with the SENSEI data and derive the constraints on the inelastic dark matter model with a $U(1)$ gauge boson as the mediator. Comparing with elastic scattering process, we find that the down-scattering process with the mass splitting $\delta \equiv m_{{\chi }_2}-m_{{\chi }_1}<0$ is more strongly constrained while the up-scattering process $\delta >0$ gets the weaker limits. For the down-scattering process with mass splitting $\delta \sim -5$ eV, the DM mass $m_{\chi }$ can be excluded down to as low as 0.1 MeV.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·21 citations
16. 16*

    Early-Universe Model Building

    Pouya Asadi🇺🇸 · Saurabh Bansal🇺🇸 · Asher Berlin🇺🇸 · Raymond T. Co🇺🇸 · Djuna Croon🇬🇧 · Yanou Cui🇺🇸 · David Curtin🇨🇦 · Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine🇺🇸 · Hooman Davoudiasl🇺🇸 · Luigi Delle Rose🇪🇸 · Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Jeff A. Dror🇺🇸 and 28 other authors

    Theoretical investigations into the evolution of the early universe are an essential part of particle physics that allow us to identify viable extensions to the Standard Model as well as motivated parameter space that can be probed by various experiments and observations. In this white paper, we review particle physics models of the early universe. First, we outline various models that explain two essential ingredients of the early universe (dark matter and baryon asymmetry) and those that seek to address current observational anomalies. We then discuss dynamics of the early universe in models of neutrino masses, axions, and several solutions to the electroweak hierarchy problem. Finally, we review solutions to naturalness problems of the Standard Model that employ cosmological dynamics.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO54 citations
17. 17*

    Heavy Neutral Lepton Searches at the Electron-Ion Collider: A Snowmass Whitepaper

    Brian Batell🇺🇸 · Tathagata Ghosh🇮🇳 · Tao Han🇺🇸 · Keping Xie🇺🇸

    In this whitepaper, we consider the model of heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) as an example to explore the potential of new physics searches at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We propose two broad categories of search strategies depending on the HNL lifetime: direct searches for the prompt decay of HNLs with a short lifetime and displaced vertex searches for long-lived ones. After identifying the most promising signals and the corresponding backgrounds, we perform a detailed simulation to estimate the sensitivity of the EIC to HNLs, accounting for detector thresholds, resolutions, and geometric acceptance. We derive projections for the EIC reach to the HNL squared mixing angle as a function of the HNL mass under the electron flavor mixing dominance hypothesis. Our findings indicate that the EIC can provide comparable sensitivity to the existing constraints for the prompt searches, while the displaced vertex searches can cover substantial new ground for HNLs in the 1-10 GeV mass range. Our proposed strategies are generally applicable to other new physics scenarios as well and motivate additional phenomenological exploration and dedicated future searches at the EIC.

    hep-phhep-ex11 citations
18. 18*

    Memory effects on energy loss and diffusion of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma

    Marco Ruggieri🇨🇳 · Pooja🇮🇳 · Jai Prakash🇮🇳 · Santosh K. Das🇮🇳

    We study the dynamics of heavy quarks in a thermalized quark-gluon plasma with a time-correlated thermal noise, $\eta$. In this case it is said that $\eta$ has memory. We use an integro-differential Langevin equation in which the memory enters via the thermal noise and the dissipative force. We assume that the time correlations of the noise decay exponentially on a time scale, $\tau$, that we treat as a free parameter. We compute the effects of $\tau \ne 0$ on the thermalization time of the heavy quarks, on their momentum broadening and on the nuclear modification factor. We find that overall memory slows down the momentum evolution of heavy quarks: in fact, transverse momentum broadening and the formation of $R_{AA}$ are slowed down by memory and the thermalization time of the heavy quarks become larger. The potential impact on other observables is discussed briefly.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·51 citations
19. 19*

    The Path forward to N${}^3$LO

    Fabrizio Caola🇬🇧 · Wen Chen🇨🇳 · Claude Duhr🇩🇪 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · Bernhard Mistlberger🇺🇸 · Frank Petriello🇺🇸 · Gherardo Vita🇺🇸 · Stefan Weinzierl🇩🇪

    The LHC experiments will achieve percent level precision measurements of processes key to some of the most pressing questions of contemporary particle physics: What is the nature of the Higgs boson? Can we successfully describe the interaction of fundamental particles at high energies? Is there physics beyond the Standard Model at the LHC? The capability to predict and describe such observables at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N${}^3$LO) in QCD perturbation theory is paramount to fully exploit these experimental measurements. We describe the current status of N${}^3$LO predictions and highlight their importance in the upcoming precision phase of the LHC. Furthermore, we identify key conceptual and mathematical developments necessary to see wide-spread N${}^3$LO phenomenology come to fruition.

    hep-ph81 citations
20. 20*

    Theoretical developments in the SMEFT at dimension-8 and beyond

    Simone Alioli🇮🇹 · Radja Boughezal🇺🇸 · Weiguang Cao🇯🇵 · Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Álvaro Díaz-Carmona🇪🇸 · Supratim Das Bakshi🇪🇸 · Gauthier Durieux🇨🇭 · Lukáš Gráf🇺🇸 · Guilherme Guedes🇪🇸 · Brian Quinn Henning🇨🇭 · Teppei Kitahara🇯🇵 · Hao-Lin Li🇧🇪 and 15 other authors

    In this contribution to the Snowmass 2021 process we review theoretical developments in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) with a focus on effects at the dimension-8 level and beyond. We review the theoretical advances that led to the complete construction of the operator bases for the dimension-8 and dimension-9 SMEFT Lagrangians. We discuss the possibility of obtaining all-orders results in the $1/\Lambda$ expansion for certain SMEFT observables as well as the current status of renormalization group running and implications for positivity, and briefly present the on-shell approach to constructing SMEFT amplitudes. Finally we present several new phenomenological effects that first arise at dimension-8 and discuss the impact of these terms on experimental analyses.

    hep-ph19 citations
21. 21*

    New approach to DM searches with mono-photon signature

    Jan Kalinowski🇵🇱 · Wojciech Kotlarski🇩🇪 · Krzysztof Mekala🇵🇱 · Kamil Zembaczynski🇵🇱 · Aleksander Filip Zarnecki🇵🇱

    High energy e${}^{+}$e${}^{-}$ colliders offer unique possibility for the most general dark matter search based on the mono-photon signature. Analysis of the energy spectrum and angular distributions of photons from the initial state radiation can be used to search for hard processes with invisible final state production. Most studies in the past focused on scenarios assuming heavy mediator exchange. We notice however, that scenarios with light mediator exchange are still not excluded by existing experimental data, if the mediator coupling to Standard Model particles is very small. We proposed a novel approach, where the experimental sensitivity to light mediator production is defined in terms of both the mediator mass and mediator width. This approach is more model independent than the approach assuming given mediator coupling values to SM and DM particles. Summarised in this contribution are published results of our studies concerning simulation of mono-photon events with WHIZARD and the expected sensitivity of the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) experiments to dark matter production.

    hep-ph3 citations
22. 22*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier: Synergies between dark matter searches and multiwavelength/multimessenger astrophysics

    Shin'ichiro Ando🇳🇱 · Sebastian Baum🇺🇸 · Michael Boylan-Kolchin🇺🇸 · Esra Bulbul🇩🇪 · Michael Burgess🇩🇪 · Ilias Cholis🇺🇸 · Philip von Doetinchem🇺🇸 · JiJi Fan🇺🇸 · Patrick J. Harding🇺🇸 · Shunsaku Horiuchi🇺🇸 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Oscar Macias🇳🇱 and 14 other authors

    This whitepaper focuses on the astrophysical systematics which are encountered in dark matter searches. Oftentimes in indirect and also in direct dark matter searches, astrophysical systematics are a major limiting factor to sensitivity to dark matter. Just as there are many forms of dark matter searches, there are many forms of backgrounds. We attempt to cover the major systematics arising in dark matter searches using photons -- radio and gamma rays -- to cosmic rays, neutrinos and gravitational waves. Examples include astrophysical sources of cosmic messengers and their interactions which can mimic dark matter signatures. In turn, these depend on commensurate studies in understanding the cosmic environment -- gas distributions, magnetic field configurations -- as well as relevant nuclear astrophysics. We also cover the astrophysics governing celestial bodies and galaxies used to probe dark matter, from black holes to dwarf galaxies. Finally, we cover astrophysical backgrounds related to probing the dark matter distribution and kinematics, which impact a wide range of dark matter studies. In the future, the rise of multi-messenger astronomy, and novel analysis methods to exploit it for dark matter, will offer various strategic ways to continue to enhance our understanding of astrophysical backgrounds to deliver improved sensitivity to dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM+111 citations
23. 23*

    $D_s^{\ast }\to \varphi$ helicity form factors and the exclusive weak decays

    Shan Cheng🇨🇳 · Yao-hui Ju🇨🇳 · Qin Qin🇨🇳 · Fu-sheng Yu🇨🇳

    The decay width of the $D_s^{\ast }$ meson is dominated by the electromagnetic mode $D_s^{\ast }\to D_s\gamma$, and it is thus the longest-lived charged vector meson. In light of this point, we perform the first QCD LCSRs calculation of $D_s^{\ast }\to \varphi$ helicity form factors and discuss the experiment potential of discovering exclusive $D_s^{\ast }$ weak decays. The main result is the partial decay widths, which read as ${\Gamma }_{D_s^{\ast }\to l\nu }=2.44\times 10^{-12}\mathrm{GeV}$, ${\Gamma }_{D_s^{\ast }\to \varphi l\nu }=(3.28_{-0.71}^{+0.82})\times 10^{-14}\mathrm{GeV}$, ${\Gamma }_{D_s^{\ast }\to \varphi \pi }=(3.81_{-1.33}^{+1.52})\times 10^{-14}\mathrm{GeV}$ and ${\Gamma }_{D_s^{\ast }\to \varphi \rho }=(1.16_{-0.39}^{+0.42})\times 10^{-13}\mathrm{GeV}$. We show that these channels are promising in the near future, serving as the first experimental observation of weak decays of a vector meson, and would open up a new playground for precision test of the standard model.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·8 citations
24. 24*

    Future prospects for parton showers

    Neda Darvishi🇺🇸 · Joshua Isaacson M.R. Masouminia🇬🇧 · Zoltan Nagy🇩🇪 · Peter Richardson🇬🇧 · Davison E. Soper🇺🇸

    In this brief Snowmass White Paper for the Theory Frontier, we argue that there have been important recent developments in the algorithms used to generate a simulated parton shower and that further progress can be achieved in the coming decade. A much more detailed exposition can be found in a corresponding White Paper of the Energy Frontier.

    hep-ph4 citations
25. 25*

    A new Monte Carlo Generator for BSM physics in $B\to K^{\ast }{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays with an application to lepton non-universality in angular distributions

    A. Sibidanov🇺🇸 · T. E. Browder🇺🇸 · S. Dubey🇺🇸 · S. Kohani🇺🇸 · R. Mandal🇩🇪 · S. Sandilya🇮🇳 · R. Sinha🇮🇳 · S. E. Vahsen🇺🇸

    Within the widely used EvtGen framework, we have added a new event generator model for $B\to K^{\ast }{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ with improved standard model (SM) decay amplitudes and possible BSM physics contributions, which are implemented in the operator product expansion in terms of Wilson coefficients. This event generator can then be used to investigate the experimental sensitivity to the most general BSM signal resulting from dimension-six operators. We describe the advantages and potential of the newly developed `Sibidanov Physics Generator' in improving experimental sensitivity of searches for lepton non-universal BSM physics and clarifying signatures. The new generator can properly simulate BSM scenarios, interference between SM and BSM amplitudes, and correlations between different BSM observables as well as acceptance bias. We show that exploiting such correlations substantially improves experimental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the utility of the MC generator, we examine the prospects for improved measurements of lepton non-universality in angular distributions for $B\to K^{\ast }{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ decays from the expected 50 ab${}^{-1}$ data set of the Belle II experiment, using a four-dimensional unbinned maximum likelihood fit. We describe promising experimental signatures and correlations between observables. The use of lepton-universality violating $\Delta$-observables significantly reduces uncertainties in the SM expectations due to QCD and resonance effects and is ideally suited for Belle II with the large data sets expected in the next decade. Our simulation studies also show that Belle II should have excellent sensitivity to BSM physics in the Wilson coefficients $C_7$ and $C_7^{\prime }$, which appears at low $q^2$ in the di-electron channel.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·8 citations
26. 26*

    QCD effects in non-QCD theories

    Vladimir Dzhunushaliev🇰🇿 · Vladimir Folomeev🇰🇬

    It is shown that, in some non-QCD theories, there are effects shared by QCD: (i)~in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory containing a nonlinear spinor field, there is a mass gap; (ii)~in SU(3) Proca-Higgs theory, there are flux tube solutions with a longitudinal electric field required for producing a force binding quarks; (iii)~in non-Abelian Proca-Higgs theories, there exist flux tube solutions with a momentum directed along the tube axis and particlelike solutions with a nonvanishing total angular momentum created by crossed color electric and magnetic fields; in QCD, such configurations may contribute to the proton spin. We discuss the conjecture that such non-QCD theories might be a consequence of approximate solution of an infinite set of Dyson-Schwinger equations describing the procedure of nonperturbative quantization. The phenomenon of dimensional transmutation for nonperturbative quantization and the analogy between nonperturbative quantization and turbulence modeling are also discussed.

    hep-phhep-thFound.Phys.(2022)·5 citations
27. 27*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Puzzling Excesses in Dark Matter Searches and How to Resolve Them

    Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Seodong Shin🇰🇷 · Liang Yang🇺🇸 · Govinda Adhikari🇺🇸 · Haider Alhazmi🇸🇦 · Tsuguo Aramaki🇺🇸 · Daniel Baxter🇺🇸 · Francesca Calore🇫🇷 · Regina Caputo🇺🇸 · Ilias Cholis🇺🇸 · Tansu Daylan🇺🇸 · Mattia Di Mauro🇮🇹 and 27 other authors

    Intriguing signals with excesses over expected backgrounds have been observed in many astrophysical and terrestrial settings, which could potentially have a dark matter origin. Astrophysical excesses include the Galactic Center GeV gamma-ray excess detected by the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope, the AMS antiproton and positron excesses, and the 511 and 3.5 keV X-ray lines. Direct detection excesses include the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation signal, the XENON1T excess, and low-threshold excesses in solid state detectors. We discuss avenues to resolve these excesses, with actions the field can take over the next several years.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex48 citations
28. 28*

    Diagrammatic structures of the Nielsen identity

    Yi-Lei Tang🇨🇳

    The $\Gamma$-function, or the effective potential of a gauge field theory should comply with the Nielsen identity, which implies how the effective potential evolves as we shift the gauge-fixing term. In this paper, relying on an abelian toy model, we aim at proving this identity in a diagrammatic form with the ${\overline{R}}_{\xi }$ gauge. The basic idea is to find out the ghost chain after partially differentiating the diagram by the $\xi$ parameter, and shrink the waists of the diagram into points to separate the bulk-part and $C$-part of the diagrams. The calculations can be generalized to the models implemented with non-abelian groups, multiple Higgs and fermion multiplets, and to the finite temperature cases. Inspired by this, we also suggest that when resumming the super-daisy diagrams, one can deduct some irrelevant terms at the connections between the daisy ringlets to fit the Nielsen identity up to arbitrary $\hslash$ orders.

    hep-phhep-thNPB(2024)·0 citations
29. 29*

    Contribution of the Weinberg-type Operator to atomic and nuclear electric dipole moments

    Naohiro Osamura🇯🇵 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Nodoka Yamanaka🇯🇵

    The contribution of the CP violating three-gluon Weinberg operator, $\frac{1}{3!}w{f}^{abc}{ϵ}^{\nu \rho \alpha \beta }{G}_{\mu \nu }^a{G}_{\alpha \beta }^b{G}_{\rho }^{c\mu }$, to the atomic and nuclear EDMs is estimated using QCD sum rules. After calculating the transition matrix element between the pion and the vacuum through the Weinberg operator, we obtain the long-range CP-odd nuclear force by determining the isovector CP-odd pion-nucleon vertex, using chiral perturbation theory at NLO. The EDMs of ${}^{199}$Hg, ${}^{129}$Xe, ${}^{225}$Ra, ${}^2$H, and ${}^3$He are finally given including comprehensive uncertainty analysis. While the leading contribution of the ${}^{199}$Hg EDM is given by the intrinsic nucleon EDM, that of ${}^{129}$Xe atom may be dominated by the one-pion exchange CP-odd nuclear force generated by the Weinberg operator. From current experimental data of the ${}^{199}$Hg atomic EDM, we obtain an upper limit on the Weinberg operator magnitude of $\left|w\right|<4\times 10^{-10}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-2}$ if we assume that it is the only source of CP violation at the scale $\mu =1$ TeV.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thphysics.atom-phJHEP(2022)·15 citations
30. 30*

    Analysis of the ${\eta }_1(1855)$ as a $K{\bar{K}}_1(1400)$ molecular state

    Feng Yang🇨🇳 · Hong Qiang Zhu🇨🇳 · Yin Huang🇨🇳

    In this work, we study the radiative and strong decay of $S$-wave $K{\bar{K}}_1(1400)$ molecular state within the effective Lagrangians approach and find the relation between the $K{\bar{K}}_1(1400)$ molecular state and the newly observed ${\eta }_1(1855)$ state by comparing with the BESIII observation. The prediction indicates that the decay width can reach up to $182.97_{-3.50}^{+2.79}$ MeV, which can be confronted with the experimental data. If the ${\eta }_1(1855)$ could be $S$-wave $K{\bar{K}}_1(1400)$ molecular state, the $K{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\pi$ three-body decay provides the dominant contribution, not the $\eta {\eta }^{{}^{\prime }}$ channel found in the experiment. In addition, the partial width for ${\eta }_1(1855)\to \gamma \varphi$ can reach up to $17.95_{-0.43}^{+0.21}$ KeV. Those results can be measured in future experiments and used to test the nature of the ${\eta }_1(1855)$.

    hep-phNPA(2023)·34 citations
31. 31*

    Generation of Twisted Gamma-Rays via Two-Photon Transition

    Motomichi Tashiro🇯🇵 · Noboru Sasao🇯🇵 · Minoru Tanaka🇯🇵

    We present a new and efficient method of generating twisted gamma rays utilizing highly accelerated helium-like ions; they are excited to a chosen state by irradiating two optical lasers and emit a photon with orbital angular momentum in the deexcitation process. We study its emission rate together with other properties such as background and photo-ionization processes.

    hep-phphysics.acc-phphysics.atom-phAnnalen Phys.(2022)·1 citation
32. 32*

    LHCb future dark-sector sensitivity projections for Snowmass 2021

    Daniel Craik🇺🇸 · Phil Ilten🇺🇸 · Daniel Johnson🇺🇸 · Mike Williams🇺🇸

    We provide future LHCb dark-sector sensitivity projections for use in the Snowmass reports. These include updated projections for dark photons and the Higgs portal, along with new projections for axion-like particles that couple predominantly to gluons.

    hep-phhep-ex31 citations
33. 33*

    Stau study at the ILC and its implication for the muon g-2 anomaly

    Motoi Endo🇯🇵 · Koichi Hamaguchi🇯🇵 · Sho Iwamoto🇭🇺 · Shin-ichi Kawada🇯🇵 · Teppei Kitahara🇯🇵 · Takeo Moroi🇯🇵 · Taikan Suehara🇯🇵

    Once all the sleptons as well as the Bino are observed at the ILC, the Bino contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment (muon $g-2$) in supersymmetric (SUSY) models can be reconstructed. Motivated by the recently confirmed muon $g-2$ anomaly, we examine the reconstruction accuracy at the ILC with $\sqrt{s}$ = 500 GeV. For this purpose, measurements of stau parameters are important. We quantitatively study the determination of the mass and mixing parameters of the staus at the ILC. Furthermore, we discuss the implication of the stau study to the reconstruction of the SUSY contribution to the muon $g-2$. At the benchmark point of our choice, we find that the SUSY contribution to the muon $g-2$ can be determined with a precision of $\sim 1\%$ at the ILC.

    hep-phhep-ex7 citations
34. 34*

    Theories and Experiments for Testable Baryogenesis Mechanisms: A Snowmass White Paper

    J. L. Barrow🇺🇸 · Leah Broussard🇺🇸 · James M. Cline🇨🇦 · P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Gilly Elor🇩🇪 · Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Jacopo Ghiglieri🇫🇷 · Julia Harz🇩🇪 · Yuri Kamyshkov🇺🇸 · Juraj Klaric🇧🇪 · Lisa W. Koerner🇺🇸 and 7 other authors

    The baryon asymmetry of the Universe is one of the central motivations to expect physics beyond the Standard Model. In this Snowmass white paper, we review the challenges and opportunities in testing some of the central paradigms that predict physics at scales low enough to expect new experimental data in the next decade. Focusing on theoretical ideas and some of their experimental implications, in particular, we discuss neutron-antineutron transformations, flavor observables, next generation colliders, future neutron facilities, gravitational waves, searches for permanent electric dipole moments, $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay and some future large underground experiments as methods to test post-sphaleron baryogenesis, electroweak baryogenesis, mesogenesis and low scale leptogenesis. Finally, we comment on the cases where high scale physics can be probed through some of these same mechanisms.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th38 citations
35. 35*

    Dark Matter Physics from the CMB-S4 Experiment

    Cora Dvorkin🇺🇸 · Renée Hlozek🇨🇦 · Rui An🇺🇸 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine🇺🇸 · Gerrit S. Farren🇬🇧 · Vera Gluscevic🇺🇸 · Daniel Grin🇺🇸 · David J. E. Marsh🇬🇧 · Joel Meyers🇺🇸 · Keir K. Rogers🇨🇦 · Katelin Schutz🇨🇦 · Weishuang Linda Xu🇺🇸

    The nature of dark matter is one of the major puzzles of fundamental physics, integral to the understanding of our universe across almost every epoch. The search for dark matter takes place at different energy scales, and use data ranging from particle colliders to astrophysical surveys. We focus here on CMB-S4, a future ground-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment, which is expected to provide exquisite measurements of the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies. These measurements (on their own and in combination with other surveys) will allow for new means to shed light on the nature of dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO36 citations
36. 36*

    Functions Beyond Multiple Polylogarithms for Precision Collider Physics

    Jacob L. Bourjaily🇺🇸 · Johannes Broedel🇨🇭 · Ekta Chaubey🇮🇹 · Claude Duhr🇩🇪 · Hjalte Frellesvig🇩🇰 · Martijn Hidding🇸🇪 · Robin Marzucca🇩🇰 · Andrew J. McLeod🇨🇭 · Marcus Spradlin🇺🇸 · Lorenzo Tancredi🇩🇪 · Cristian Vergu🇩🇰 · Matthias Volk🇩🇪 and 5 other authors

    Feynman diagrams constitute one of the essential ingredients for making precision predictions for collider experiments. Yet, while the simplest Feynman diagrams can be evaluated in terms of multiple polylogarithms -- whose properties as special functions are well understood -- more complex diagrams often involve integrals over complicated algebraic manifolds. Such diagrams already contribute at NNLO to the self-energy of the electron, $t\bar{t}$ production, $\gamma \gamma$ production, and Higgs decay, and appear at two loops in the planar limit of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. This makes the study of these more complicated types of integrals of phenomenological as well as conceptual importance. In this white paper contribution to the Snowmass community planning exercise, we provide an overview of the state of research on Feynman diagrams that involve special functions beyond multiple polylogarithms, and highlight a number of research directions that constitute essential avenues for future investigation.

    hep-phhep-th147 citations
37. 37*

    The parton distribution function in a pion with Minkowskian dynamics

    W. de Paula (ITA-S. José, Brazil)🇧🇷 · E. Ydrefors (IMP-Lanzhou, China)🇨🇳 · J.H. Alvarenga Nogueira (ITA-S. José, Brazil and INFN-Rome, Italy)🇧🇷 · T. Frederico (ITA-S. José, Brazil)🇧🇷 · G. Salmè (INFN-Rome, Italy)🇮🇹

    The parton distribution of the pion is obtained for the first time from the solution of a dynamical equation in Minkowski space. The adopted equation is the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter one with a ladder kernel, described in terms of i) constituent quarks and gluons degrees of freedom, and ii) an extended quark-gluon vertex. The masses of quark and gluon as well as the interaction-vertex scale have been chosen in a range suggested by lattice QCD calculations, and calibrated to reproduce both pion mass and decay constant. Beside the full parton distribution, we have also calculated the contribution from the light-front valence wave function, corresponding to the lowest Fock component in the expansion of the pion state. After applying an evolution with an effective charge and a LO splitting function, a detailed and inspiring comparison with both the extracted experimental data ( with and without resummation effects) and other recent calculations obtained in different frameworks is presented. Interestingly, in a wide region of longitudinal-momentum fraction, the parton distribution function receives sizable contributions from the higher Fock-components of the pion state at the initial scale, while approaching the tail the light-front valence component dominates, as expected. Moreover, an exponent $\sim$ 3 is found suitable for describing the tail at the scale 5.2 GeV.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·39 citations
38. 38*

    Energy-Energy Correlators for Precision QCD

    Duff Neill🇺🇸 · Gherardo Vita🇺🇸 · Ivan Vitev🇺🇸 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    In this contribution to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021) we review recent progress in the evaluation and application of the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC) event shape observable in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation, hadronic collisions, and deep inelastic scattering. The importance of EEC as a precision probe of the perturbative and non perturbative aspects of QCD dynamics is emphasized. It can be used to extract the strong coupling constant and to constrain TMD distribution functions. Closely related energy-correlation shape variables have also been used to tag boosted objects produced in high energy collisions. The opportunities to study EEC at the future Electron-Ion Collider are also highlighted.

    hep-phnucl-th27 citations
39. 39*

    Hadron spectroscopy at STCF

    Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Haiping Peng🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳 · Xiaorong Zhou🇨🇳

    Despite that quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong interaction, has colorful quarks and gluons as its basic degrees of freedom, all fundamental particles participating the strong interaction that can be directly detected in experiments are colorless or color-singlet hadrons. This phenomenon is called color confinement. Because of that, the study of hadron spectroscopy is essential in improving our understanding of the nonperturbative regime of QCD and to reveal the mechanism of color confinement. The high-luminosity electron-positron collision machine under discussion, Super tau-Charm Facility (STCF), can play an essential role in hadron spectroscopy by discovering new hadron resonances and measuring properties of known hadrons with an unprecedented precision. In the following, we will discuss briefly the topics on hadron spectroscopy that will be investigated at STCF.

    hep-ph18 citations
40. 40*

    A new tool to search for physics beyond the Standard Model in $\bar{B}\to D^{\ast +}{\ell }^{-}\bar{\nu }$

    Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Thomas Browder🇺🇸 · Quinn Campagna🇺🇸 · Alakabha Datta🇺🇸 · Shawn Dubey🇺🇸 · Lopamudra Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Alexei Sibidanov🇺🇸

    Recent experimental results in $B$ physics from Belle, BaBar and LHCb suggest new physics (NP) in the weak $b\to c$ charged-current and the $b\to s$ neutral-current processes. Here we focus on the charged-current case and specifically on the decay modes $B\to D^{\ast +}{\ell }^{-}\bar{\nu }$ with $\ell =e,\mu ,$ and $\tau$. The world averages of the ratios $R_D$ and $R_D^{\ast }$ currently differ from the Standard Model (SM) by $3.4\sigma$ while $\Delta A_{FB}=A_{FB}(B\to D^{\ast }\mu \nu )-A_{FB}(B\to D^{\ast }e\nu )$ is found to be $4.1\sigma$ away from the SM prediction in an analysis of 2019 Belle data. These intriguing results suggest an urgent need for improved simulation and analysis techniques in $B\to D^{\ast +}{\ell }^{-}\bar{\nu }$ decays. Here we describe a Monte Carlo Event-generator tool based on EVTGEN developed to allow simulation of the NP signatures in $B\to D^{\ast }{\ell }^{-}\nu$, which arise due to the interference between the SM and NP amplitudes. As a demonstration of the proposed approach, we exhibit some examples of NP couplings that are consistent with current data and could explain the $\Delta A_{FB}$ anomaly in $B\to D^{\ast }{\ell }^{-}\nu$ while remaining consistent with other constraints. We show that the $\Delta$-type observables such as $\Delta A_{FB}$ and $\Delta S_5$ eliminate most QCD uncertainties from form factors and allow for clean measurements of NP. We introduce correlated observables that improve the sensitivity to NP. We discuss prospects for improved observables sensitive to NP couplings with the expected 50 ab${}^{-1}$ of Belle II data, which seems to be ideally suited for this class of measurements.

    hep-phhep-ex8 citations
41. 41*

    Prompt electron and tau neutrinos and antineutrinos in the forward region at the LHC

    Weidong Bai🇨🇳 · Milind Vaman Diwan🇺🇸 · Maria Vittoria Garzelli🇩🇪 · Yu Seon Jeong🇰🇷 · Karan Kumar🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸

    Neutrino fluxes at high rapidity and at high energy are sensitive to QCD dynamics of heavy-flavor production in kinematic regions where measurements have not yet been made. The FASER$\nu$ and SND@LHC experiments scheduled for Run 3 at the LHC and the proposed Forward Physics Facility with a suite of experiments during the High-Luminosity LHC phase will probe neutrinos at high pseudorapidity. This short paper reports on recent evaluations of the prompt ${\nu }_{\tau }+{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ and ${\nu }_e+{\bar{\nu }}_e$ double-differential cross sections in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider from the production and decays of $D_s^{\pm }$ and $D^{\pm }$, respectively. For $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV, the double-differential neutrino energy and pseudorapidity distributions are evaluated at NLO QCD. Data tables with these predictions are presented. Future work needed to refine predictions of neutrino and antineutrino fluxes in the forward region at the LHC is discussed.

    hep-phhep-exJHEAp(2022)·17 citations
42. 42*

    Snowmass White Paper: Strong CP Beyond Axion Direct Detection

    Nikita Blinov🇨🇦 · Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱 · Patrick Draper🇺🇸 · Isabel Garcia Garcia🇺🇸 · Benjamin Lillard🇺🇸 · Jessie Shelton🇺🇸

    We sketch recent progress and promising future directions for research connected with the strong CP problem. Topics surveyed include axion dark matter substructure and its gravitational detection; axion model building and the quality problem; experimental tests of ultraviolet solutions; and connections to lattice QCD.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lat15 citations
43. 43*

    Electroweak renormalization based on gauge-invariant vacuum expectation values of non-linear Higgs representations: 1. Standard Model

    Stefan Dittmaier🇩🇪 · Heidi Rzehak🇩🇪

    The renormalization of vacuum expectation value parameters, such as $v$ in the Standard Model (SM), is an important ingredient in electroweak renormalization, where this issue is connected to the treatment of tadpoles. Tadpole counterterms can be generated in two different ways in the Lagrangian: in the course of parameter renormalization, or alternatively via Higgs field redefinitions. The former typically leads to small corrections originating from tadpoles, but in general suffers from gauge dependences if MSbar renormalization conditions are used for mass parameters. The latter is free from gauge dependences, but is prone to very large corrections in MSbar schemes, jeopardizing perturbative stability in predictions. In this paper we propose a new scheme for tadpole renormalization, dubbed Gauge-Invariant Vacuum expectation value Scheme (GIVS), which is a hybrid scheme of the two mentioned types, with the benefits of being gauge independent and perturbatively stable. The GIVS is based on the gauge-invariance property of Higgs fields, and the corresponding parameters like $v$, in non-linear representations of Higgs multiplets. We demonstrate the perturbative stability of the GIVS in the SM by discussing the conversion between on-shell and MSbar renormalized masses.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·27 citations
44. 44*

    NNLO+PS with MiNNLO${}_{\mathrm{PS}}$: status and prospects

    Luca Buonocore🇨🇭 · Mauro Chiesa🇮🇹 · Gabriël Koole🇩🇪 · Daniele Lombardi🇩🇪 · Javier Mazzitelli🇩🇪 · Pier Francesco Monni🇨🇭 · Paolo Nason🇩🇪 · Emanuele Re🇫🇷 · Luca Rottoli🇨🇭 · Marius Wiesemann🇩🇪 · Giulia Zanderighi🇩🇪 · Silvia Zanoli🇩🇪

    We summarize the current status and near future prospects for next-to-next-to-leading order calculations matched to parton shower based on the MiNNLO${}_{\mathrm{PS}}$ method. We give a theoretical overview, illustrate selected results for $ZZ\to 4\ell$ and top-pair production processes at the LHC, and provide an outlook of the future challenges.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
45. 45*

    Two-Higgs-doublet models in light of current experiments: a brief review

    Lei Wang🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

    We briefly survey several typical CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs) in light of current experiments. First we derive the masses and couplings of the mass eigenstates from the Lagrangians. Then we analyze the constraints from theory and oblique electroweak parameters. Finally, we delineate the status of 2HDM in light of the LHC searches, the dark matter detections and the muon $g-2$ measurement.

    hep-phhep-exCommun.Theor.Phys.(2022)·66 citations
46. 46*

    Muon Collider Physics Summary

    Chiara Aimè · Aram Apyan · Mohammed Attia Mahmoud · Nazar Bartosik · Alessandro Bertolin · Maurizio Bonesini · Salvatore Bottaro · Dario Buttazzo · Rodolfo Capdevilla · Massimo Casarsa · Luca Castelli · Maria Gabriella Catanesi and 113 other authors

    The perspective of designing muon colliders with high energy and luminosity, which is being investigated by the International Muon Collider Collaboration, has triggered a growing interest in their physics reach. We present a concise summary of the muon colliders potential to explore new physics, leveraging on the unique possibility of combining high available energy with very precise measurements.

    hep-phhep-ex181 citations
47. 47*

    The physics case of a 3 TeV muon collider stage

    Jorge De Blas · Dario Buttazzo · Rodolfo Capdevilla · David Curtin · Roberto Franceschini · Fabio Maltoni · Patrick Meade · Federico Meloni · Shufang Su · Eleni Vryonidou · Andrea Wulzer · Chiara Aimè and 122 other authors

    In the path towards a muon collider with center of mass energy of 10 TeV or more, a stage at 3 TeV emerges as an appealing option. Reviewing the physics potential of such muon collider is the main purpose of this document. In order to outline the progression of the physics performances across the stages, a few sensitivity projections for higher energy are also presented. There are many opportunities for probing new physics at a 3 TeV muon collider. Some of them are in common with the extensively documented physics case of the CLIC 3 TeV energy stage, and include measuring the Higgs trilinear coupling and testing the possible composite nature of the Higgs boson and of the top quark at the 20 TeV scale. Other opportunities are unique of a 3 TeV muon collider, and stem from the fact that muons are collided rather than electrons. This is exemplified by studying the potential to explore the microscopic origin of the current $g$-2 and $B$-physics anomalies, which are both related with muons.

    hep-phhep-ex176 citations
48. 48*

    Phenomenological aspects of composite Higgs scenarios: exotic scalars and vector-like quarks

    Avik Banerjee🇸🇪 · Diogo Buarque Franzosi🇸🇪 · Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Gabriele Ferretti🇸🇪 · Thomas Flacke🇰🇷 · Benjamin Fuks🇫🇷 · Manuel Kunkel🇩🇪 · Luca Panizzi🇸🇪 · Werner Porod🇩🇪 · Leonard Schwarze🇩🇪

    Composite Higgs models usually contain additional pseudo Nambu Goldstone bosons and vector-like quarks. We discuss various aspects related to their LHC phenomenology and provide summary plots of exclusion limits using currently available information. We also describe a general parametrisation implemented in a software for Monte Carlo simulations and study the SU(5)/SO(5) scenario as a concrete example.

    hep-phhep-ex45 citations
49. 49*

    Two-fermion final states at International Linear Collider

    Taikan Suehara🇯🇵

    The pair productions of leptons and quarks at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs factory are an important probe for new physics via precise measurements. The discovery and exclusion limits of $Z^{\prime }$ models at the International Linear Collider with $\sqrt{s}=250$, 500 and 1000 GeV are calculated with selection efficiencies estimated in the existing full simulation studies. It shows a large potential of BSM searches with precise measurements at future energy-frontier $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
50. 50*

    Nuclear effects in the deuteron and global QCD analyses

    S.I. Alekhin🇩🇪 · S.A. Kulagin🇷🇺 · R. Petti🇺🇸

    We report the results of a new global QCD analysis, which includes deep-inelastic $e/\mu$ scattering data off proton and deuterium, as well as Drell-Yan lepton pair production in proton-proton and proton-deuterium collisions and $W^{\pm }/Z$ boson production data from $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions at the LHC and Tevatron. Nuclear effects in the deuteron are treated in terms of a nuclear convolution approach with bound off-shell nucleons within a weak binding approximation. The off-shell correction is controlled by a universal function of the Bjorken variable $x$ describing the modification of parton distributions in bound nucleons, which is determined in our analysis along with the parton distribution functions of the proton. A number of systematic studies are performed to estimate the uncertainties arising from the use of various deuterium datasets, from the modeling of higher twist contributions to the structure functions, from the treatment of target mass corrections, as well as from the nuclear corrections in the deuteron. We obtain predictions for the ratios $F_2^n/F_2^p$, and $d/u$, focusing on the region of large $x$. We also compare our results with the ones obtained by other QCD analyses, as well as with the recent data from the MARATHON experiment.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·22 citations
51. 51*

    Snowmass White Paper: Effective Field Theory Matching and Applications

    Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸 · Zhengkang Zhang🇺🇸

    Mapping UV theories onto low energy effective descriptions is a procedure known as matching. The last decade has seen tremendous progress in the development of new tools for efficiently performing matching calculations, by relying on so-called functional methods. This white paper summarizes the status of functional matching. Specifically, matching for relativistic theories is a fully solved problem up to one-loop order in perturbation theory, and to arbitrary order in the effective field theory expansion. A streamlined prescription that has been partially automated facilitates the application of functional matching to phenomenological studies in the Standard Model EFT framework.

    hep-ph8 citations
52. 52*

    Top-quark mass extraction from $t\bar{t}j+X$ events at the LHC: theory predictions

    Simone Alioli🇮🇹 · Juan Fuster🇪🇸 · Maria Vittoria Garzelli🇩🇪 · Alessandro Gavardi🇮🇹 · Adrian Irles🇪🇸 · Davide Melini🇮🇱 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Peter Uwer🇩🇪 · Katharina Voß🇩🇪

    Past work has proven the possibility of extracting the top-quark mass, one of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model, from the comparison of theory predictions and experimental measurements of differential cross-sections for $t\bar{t}j+X$ hadroproduction. Various experimental analyses in this respect have already been performed, and new ones are in preparation on the basis of the latest data from $pp$ collisions collected at the Large Hadron Collider. We have produced and made public a comprehensive set of theoretical predictions for the relevant differential distributions, ready to be used for presently ongoing and forthcoming experimental analyses. We investigate the role of different theoretical inputs, in particular the factorization and renormalization scales, PDFs and top-quark mass renormalization schemes, and we quantify the uncertainties related to different choices for these inputs, providing recommendations.

    hep-ph7 citations
53. 53*

    WIMP Dark Matter at High Energy Muon Colliders $-$A White Paper for Snowmass 2021

    Tao Han🇺🇸 · Zhen Liu🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Xing Wang🇺🇸

    In a previous publication, we showed that a high energy muon collider can make decisive statements about the electroweak (WIMP) Dark Matter (DM), reaching a DM mass which could give the observed thermal relic abundance. In this document, we report new studies of the spin-$0$ minimal WIMP DM at high energy muon colliders, and update our results on the fermionic spin-$1/2$ case. We find that, by combining multiple inclusive missing mass search channels, it is possible to fully cover the thermal targets of fermionic and scalar doublets, and Dirac triplet, with a 10 TeV muon collider. Higher energies, 14 TeV$-$30 TeV, would be able to cover the thermal targets of Majorana and scalar triplet. For direct discovery of the higher EW multiplets with $n\ge 5$, one may need to go beyond a 30 TeV muon collider to fully cover their thermal mass expectation.

    hep-ph25 citations
54. 54*

    Improving Di-Higgs Sensitivity at Future Colliders in Hadronic Final States with Machine Learning

    Artur Apresyan🇺🇸 · Daniel Diaz🇺🇸 · Javier Duarte🇺🇸 · Sanmay Ganguly🇯🇵 · Raghav Kansal🇺🇸 · Nan Lu🇺🇸 · Cristina Mantilla Suarez🇺🇸 · Samadrita Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Cristían Peña🇺🇸 · Brian Sheldon🇺🇸 · Si Xie🇺🇸

    One of the central goals of the physics program at the future colliders is to elucidate the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking, including precision measurements of the Higgs sector. This includes a detailed study of Higgs boson (H) pair production, which can reveal the H self-coupling. Since the discovery of the Higgs boson, a large campaign of measurements of the properties of the Higgs boson has begun and many new ideas have emerged during the completion of this program. One such idea is the use of highly boosted and merged hadronic decays of the Higgs boson ($\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{b}\bar{\mathrm{b}}$, $\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{WW}\to \mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}\mathrm{q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}$) with machine learning methods to improve the signal-to-background discrimination. In this white paper, we champion the use of these modes to boost the sensitivity of future collider physics programs to Higgs boson pair production, the Higgs self-coupling, and Higgs-vector boson couplings. We demonstrate the potential improvement possible at the Future Circular Collider in hadron mode, especially with the use of graph neural networks.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
55. 55*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Dark Matter Physics from Halo Measurements

    Keith Bechtol🇺🇸 · Simon Birrer🇺🇸 · Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine🇺🇸 · Katelin Schutz🇨🇦 · Susmita Adhikari🇮🇳 · Mustafa Amin🇺🇸 · Arka Banerjee🇮🇳 · Simeon Bird🇺🇸 · Nikita Blinov🇨🇦 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Celine Boehm🇦🇺 · Kevin Bundy🇺🇸 and 32 other authors

    The non-linear process of cosmic structure formation produces gravitationally bound overdensities of dark matter known as halos. The abundances, density profiles, ellipticities, and spins of these halos can be tied to the underlying fundamental particle physics that governs dark matter at microscopic scales. Thus, macroscopic measurements of dark matter halos offer a unique opportunity to determine the underlying properties of dark matter across the vast landscape of dark matter theories. This white paper summarizes the ongoing rapid development of theoretical and experimental methods, as well as new opportunities, to use dark matter halo measurements as a pillar of dark matter physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GA80 citations
56. 56*

    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering: Terrestrial and astrophysical applications

    M. Abdullah🇺🇸 · H. Abele🇦🇹 · D. Akimov🇷🇺 · G. Angloher🇩🇪 · D. Aristizabal-Sierra · C. Augier🇫🇷 · A. B. Balantekin🇺🇸 · L. Balogh🇨🇦 · P. S. Barbeau🇺🇸 · L. Baudis🇨🇭 · A. L. Baxter🇺🇸 · C. Beaufort🇫🇷 and 263 other authors

    Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) is a process in which neutrinos scatter on a nucleus which acts as a single particle. Though the total cross section is large by neutrino standards, CE$\nu$NS has long proven difficult to detect, since the deposited energy into the nucleus is $\sim$ keV. In 2017, the COHERENT collaboration announced the detection of CE$\nu$NS using a stopped-pion source with CsI detectors, followed up the detection of CE$\nu$NS using an Ar target. The detection of CE$\nu$NS has spawned a flurry of activities in high-energy physics, inspiring new constraints on beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics, and new experimental methods. The CE$\nu$NS process has important implications for not only high-energy physics, but also astrophysics, nuclear physics, and beyond. This whitepaper discusses the scientific importance of CE$\nu$NS, highlighting how present experiments such as COHERENT are informing theory, and also how future experiments will provide a wealth of information across the aforementioned fields of physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex122 citations
57. 57*

    Flavor Anomalies and Quark-Lepton Unification

    Pavel Fileviez Perez🇺🇸 · Clara Murgui🇺🇸

    We show that one can explain the neutral and charged anomalies in B-meson decays in the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification.The implications for flavor violating processes are discussed in detail. Strikingly, experimental observations suggest that the unification of quarks and leptons could be realized below the $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ TeV scale.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·9 citations
58. 58*

    Derivative Portal Dark Matter

    Yu-Pan Zeng🇨🇳

    We propose a new kind of Dark Matter: Derivative Portal Dark Matter. This kind of Dark Matter connects to the Standard Model through a massive mediator, which links to the Standard Model in derivative form. The derivative of a mediator in momentum space corresponds to the mediated momentum, which vanishes in the zero momentum transfer limit. As a result, this kind of Dark Matter can evade stringent constraint from the Dark Matter direct detection while fitting the Dark Matter relic density observation naturally. We explore several UV complete models of this kind of Dark matter. What's more, we show that these models also survive from Dark Matter indirect detection and collider search.

    hep-phhep-thNPB(2026)·3 citations
59. 59*

    Revisiting the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination

    Zhiqi Huang🇨🇳

    The quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination, recently suggested by Kereselidze et al., is a non-standard process where an electron and two neighboring protons in the early universe directly form an ionized hydrogen molecule in a highly excited state, which then descends to lower levels or dissociates. It has been suggested that the increased binding energy due to the participation of a second proton may lead to an earlier cosmic recombination that alleviates the Hubble tension. Revisiting the quasi-molecular channel of recombination in more details, we find that the original work significantly overestimated the probability of finding a pair of adjacent protons in the relevant epoch ($z\sim$ a few thousand). Our new estimation suggests that the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination cannot be the primary cause of the Hubble tension.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th+1MNRAS(2022)·3 citations
60. 60*

    Bridging the Gap: Spectral Distortions meet Gravitational Waves

    Thomas Kite🇬🇧

    This talk has the goal of introducing two upcoming exciting avenues of discovery in precision Cosmology: spectral distortions (SDs) and gravitational waves (GWs). The former signals offer a clear window into the state of the primordial plasma at times prior to recombination, and thus sheds light on small-scale primordial perturbations, dark matter decay and black hole formation to just mention a few scenarios. The latter signals, which are already offering new insights into the landscape of black hole and neutron star mergers, will reveal intricate dynamics of the early universe including primordial black holes, inflationary potentials, and even reheating dynamics. An elegant link is drawn between these two future observations since primordial GW backgrounds will source SDs, a coupling which offers unique insight to over six decades of GW frequencies. More importantly the SD visibility window bridges the gap between astrophysical high- and cosmological low-frequency measurements. This means SDs will not only complement other GW observations, but will be the sole probe of physical processes at certain scales.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th0 citations
61. 61*

    Measuring the CP properties of the Higgs sector at electron-positron colliders

    I. Božović-Jelisavc̆ić🇷🇸 · N. Vukas̆inović🇷🇸 · D. Jeans🇯🇵

    The violation of CP symmetry at the electro-weak scale is one of the essential ingredients for electro-weak baryogenesis. It is therefore of great interest to map the CP properties of the Higgs sector in as much detail as possible. A linear electron-positron Higgs factory collider will provide many opportunities to probe the CP nature of the Higgs sector, thanks to access to several Higgs production processes at a wide range of centre-of-mass energies. In this paper we report on two studies based on full simulation of detector response and realistic reconstruction algorithms: 1) a study of $h\to \tau \tau$ at ILC-250, in which mixing of CP eigenstates can be measured to a precision of 75~mrad; and 2) the current status of an ongoing study of the $ZZ$--fusion process at 1.4 TeV CLIC and 1 TeV ILC, for which we expect to achieve concrete results during the Snowmass study period.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph1 citation
62. 62*

    Renormalization of One-Pion Exchange in Chiral Effective Field Theory for Antinucleon-Nucleon Scattering

    Daren Zhou🇨🇳 · Bingwei Long🇨🇳 · R. G. E. Timmermans🇳🇱 · U. van Kolck🇫🇷

    The renormalization of iterated one-pion exchange (OPE) is studied in Chiral Effective Field Theory ($\chi$EFT) for the antinucleon-nucleon ($\overline{N}N$) system. The OPE potential is cut off at a certain distance and contact interactions are represented by a complex spherical well with the same radius. We investigate the dependence on the cutoff radius of the phase shifts, inelasticities, and mixing angles for the low partial waves in $\overline{N}N$ scattering. We show that renormalization requires additional contact interactions compared to the expectation based on naive dimensional analysis. Results after renormalization are compared with the state-of-the-art energy-dependent partial-wave analysis of $\overline{N}N$ data. We compare our conclusions with applications of $\chi$EFT to the nucleon-nucleon system.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2022)·5 citations
63. 63*

    Electron Scattering and Neutrino Physics

    A. M. Ankowski🇺🇸 · A. Ashkenazi🇮🇱 · S. Bacca🇩🇪 · J. L. Barrow🇺🇸 · M. Betancourt🇺🇸 · A. Bodek🇺🇸 · M. E. Christy🇺🇸 · L. Doria. S. Dytman🇺🇸 · A. Friedland🇺🇸 · O. Hen🇺🇸 · C. J. Horowitz🇺🇸 · N. Jachowicz🇧🇪 and 41 other authors

    A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino-nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments - both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program - and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and layout a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdle in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2023)·49 citations
64. 64*

    Probing heavy Majorana neutrino pair production at ILC in a $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ extension of the Standard Model

    Jurina Nakajima🇯🇵 · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Keisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Daniel Jeans🇯🇵 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Satomi Okada🇺🇸 · Ryo Yonamine🇯🇵

    We consider a gauged B$-$L (Baryon number minus Lepton number) extension of the Standard Model (SM), which is anomaly free in the presence of three SM singlet Right Handed Neutrinos (RHNs). Associated with the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge symmetry breaking, the RHNs acquire Majorana masses and then with the electroweak symmetry breaking, tiny Majorana masses for the SM(-like) neutrinos are naturally generated by the seesaw mechanism. As a result of the seesaw mechanism, the heavy mass eigenstates which are mainly composed of the SM-singlet RHNs obtain suppressed electroweak interactions through small mixings with the SM neutrinos. To investigate the seesaw mechanism, we study the pair production of heavy Majorana neutrinos through the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ at the 250 GeV and 500 GeV International Linear Collider (ILC). Considering the current and prospective future bounds on the B$-$L model parameters from the search for a resonant $Z^{\prime }$ boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), we focus on a "smoking-gun" signature of the Majorana nature of the heavy neutrinos: a final state with a pair of same-sign, same-flavor leptons, small missing momentum, and four hadronic jets. We estimate the projected significance of the signature at the ILC.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph4 citations
65. 65*

    Mapping topology of skyrmions and fractional quantum Hall droplets to nuclear EFT for ultra-dense baryonic matter

    Mannque Rho🇫🇷

    We describe the mapping at high density of topological structure of baryonic matter to a nuclear effective field theory that implements hidden symmetries emergent from strong nuclear correlations. The theory so constructed is found to be consistent with no conflicts with the presently available observations in both normal nuclear matter and compact-star matter. The hidden symmetries involved are "local flavor symmetry" of the vector mesons identified to be (Seiberg-)dual to the gluons of QCD and hidden "quantum scale symmetry" with an IR fixed point with a "genuine dilaton (GD)" characterized by non-vanishing pion and dilaton decay constants. Both the skyrmion topology for $N_f\ge 2$ baryons and the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) droplet topology for $N_f=1$ baryons are unified in the "homogeneous/hidden" Wess-Zumino term in the hidden local symmetry (HLS) Lagrangian. The possible indispensable role of the FQH droplets in going beyond the density regime of compact stars approaching scale-chiral restoration is explored by moving toward the limit where both the dilaton and the pion go massless.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.SRhep-phSymmetry(2022)·4 citations
66. 66*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Cosmological Simulations for Dark Matter Physics

    Arka Banerjee🇮🇳 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine🇺🇸 · Adrienne L. Erickcek🇺🇸 · Daniel Gilman🇨🇦 · Vera Gluscevic🇺🇸 · Stacy Kim🇬🇧 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · Yao-Yuan Mao🇺🇸 · Philip Mocz🇺🇸 · Ferah Munshi🇺🇸 · Ethan O. Nadler🇺🇸 and 6 other authors

    Over the past several decades, unexpected astronomical discoveries have been fueling a new wave of particle model building and are inspiring the next generation of ever-more-sophisticated simulations to reveal the nature of Dark Matter (DM). This coincides with the advent of new observing facilities coming online, including JWST, the Rubin Observatory, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and CMB-S4. The time is now to build a novel simulation program to interpret observations so that we can identify novel signatures of DM microphysics across a large dynamic range of length scales and cosmic time. This white paper identifies the key elements that are needed for such a simulation program. We identify areas of growth on both the particle theory side as well as the simulation algorithm and implementation side, so that we can robustly simulate the cosmic evolution of DM for well-motivated models. We recommend that simulations include a fully calibrated and well-tested treatment of baryonic physics, and that outputs should connect with observations in the space of observables. We identify the tools and methods currently available to make predictions and the path forward for building more of these tools. A strong cosmic DM simulation program is key to translating cosmological observations to robust constraints on DM fundamental physics, and provides a connection to lab-based probes of DM physics.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph21 citations
67. 67*

    Enhancement of incoherent bremsstrahlung in proton-nucleus scattering in the $\Delta$-resonance energy region

    Sergei P. Maydanyuk (1) ((1) Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine)

    We investigate emission of the bremsstrahlung photons in the scattering of protons off nuclei at the $\Delta$-resonance energy region. Including properties of $\Delta$-resonance in the nucleus-target to the bremsstrahlung model, we find the following. (1) Ratio between incoherent emission and coherent emission is about $10^6$--$10^7$ for $p+\text{isotope}[197]Au$ (without $\Delta$-resonance) at energy of proton beam $E_{\mathrm{p}}$ of 190~MeV, where the calculated full bremsstrahlung spectrum is in good agreement with experimental data. This confirms importance of incoherent processes in study of $\Delta$-resonances in this reaction, which have never been studied yet. We estimate coherent and incoherent contributions, electric and magnetic contributions, full bremsstrahlung spectra for the scattering of protons on the \isotope[12]{C}, \isotope[40]{Ca}, \isotope[208]{Pb} nuclei at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=800$~MeV, we find conditions for the most intensive bremsstrahlung emission. (2) Transition $pN\to {\Delta }^{+}N$ in the nucleus-target reinforces emission of bremsstrahlung photons in that reaction at $E_{\mathrm{p}}=800$~MeV. Difference between the spectra for normal nuclei and nuclei with included $\Delta$-resonance is larger for more light nuclei, but the spectra are larger for heavier nuclei. (3) Taking into account shortly lived state of $\Delta$-resonance, we find that the spectrum with $\Delta$-resonance in the nucleus-target is essentially larger in the high energy photon region than the spectrum without this $\Delta$-resonance (corresponding calculations for \isotope[12][\Delta]{C}, \isotope[40][\Delta]{Ca}, \isotope[208][\Delta]{Pb} in comparison with \isotope[12]{C}, \isotope[40]{Ca}, \isotope[208]{Pb} are provided). Such an aspect is recommended for registration of $\Delta$-resonances in nuclei in possible future experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·7 citations
68. 68*

    The two-loop bispectrum in the effective theory of large-scale structure

    Tobias Baldauf🇬🇧 · Mathias Garny🇩🇪 · Petter Taule🇩🇪 · Theo Steele🇬🇧

    We study the bispectrum of large-scale structure in the EFTofLSS including corrections up to two-loop. We derive an analytic result for the double-hard limit of the two-loop correction, and show that the UV-sensitivity can be absorbed by the same four EFT operators that renormalize the one-loop bispectrum. For the single-hard region, we employ a simplified treatment, introducing one extra EFT parameter. We compare our results to N-body simulations, and show that going from one- to two-loop extends the wavenumber range with percent-level agreement from $k\simeq 0.08$ to $0.15h/\mathrm{Mpc}$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph0 citations
69. 69*

    Study of the $h\gamma Z$ coupling at the ILC

    Y. Aoki🇯🇵 · K. Fujii🇯🇵 · J. Tian🇯🇵

    We studied the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to h\gamma$ process at the full simulation level, using a realistic detector model to study the feasibility to constrain the SM effective field theory (SMEFT) $h\gamma Z$ coefficient, ${\zeta }_{AZ}$, at the ILC. Assuming International Large Detector (ILD) operating at 250 GeV ILC, it is shown that the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to h\gamma$ process is much more difficult to observe than naively expected if there is no BSM contribution. We thus put upper limits on the cross section of this process. The expected combined 95% C.L. upper limits for full polarisations $(P_{e^{-}},P_{e^{+}})=(-100\%,+100\%)$ and $(+100\%,-100\%)$ are $\frac{{\sigma }_{h\gamma }^L}{{\sigma }_{SM}^L}<5.0$ and $\frac{{\sigma }_{h\gamma }^R}{{\sigma }_{SM}^R}<61.9$, respectively. The resultant 95% C.L. limit on ${\zeta }_{AZ}$ is $-0.020<{\zeta }_{AZ}<0.003$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph3 citations
70. 70*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Rubin Observatory after LSST

    Bob Blum🇺🇸 · Seth W. Digel🇺🇸 · Alex Drlica-Wagner🇺🇸 · Salman Habib🇺🇸 · Katrin Heitmann🇺🇸 · Mustapha Ishak🇺🇸 · Saurabh W. Jha🇺🇸 · Steven M. Kahn🇺🇸 · Rachel Mandelbaum🇺🇸 · Phil Marshall🇺🇸 · Jeffrey A. Newman🇺🇸 · Aaron Roodman🇺🇸 · Christopher W. Stubbs🇺🇸

    The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will begin the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) in 2024, spanning an area of 18,000 square degrees in six bands, with more than 800 observations of each field over ten years. The unprecedented data set will enable great advances in the study of the formation and evolution of structure and exploration of physics of the dark universe. The observations will hold clues about the cause for the accelerated expansion of the universe and possibly the nature of dark matter. During the next decade, LSST will be able to confirm or dispute if tensions seen today in cosmological data are due to new physics. New and unexpected phenomena could confirm or disrupt our current understanding of the universe. Findings from LSST will guide the path forward post-LSST. The Rubin Observatory will still be a uniquely powerful facility even then, capable of revealing further insights into the physics of the dark universe. These could be obtained via innovative observing strategies, e.g., targeting new probes at shorter timescales than with LSST, or via modest instrumental changes, e.g., new filters, or through an entirely new instrument for the focal plane. This White Paper highlights some of the opportunities in each scenario from Rubin observations after LSST.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph28 citations
71. 71*

    Snowmass 2021 White Paper: The Windchime Project

    The Windchime Collaboration: Alaina Attanasio · Sunil A. Bhave · Carlos Blanco🇺🇸 · Daniel Carney🇺🇸 · Marcel Demarteau🇺🇸 · Bahaa Elshimy🇺🇸 · Michael Febbraro🇺🇸 · Matthew A. Feldman · Sohitri Ghosh🇺🇸 · Abby Hickin · Seongjin Hong · Rafael F. Lang🇺🇸 and 13 other authors

    The absence of clear signals from particle dark matter in direct detection experiments motivates new approaches in disparate regions of viable parameter space. In this Snowmass white paper, we outline the Windchime project, a program to build a large array of quantum-enhanced mechanical sensors. The ultimate aim is to build a detector capable of searching for Planck mass-scale dark matter purely through its gravitational coupling to ordinary matter. In the shorter term, we aim to search for a number of other physics targets, especially some ultralight dark matter candidates. Here, we discuss the basic design, open R&D challenges and opportunities, current experimental efforts, and both short- and long-term physics targets of the Windchime project.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-ph41 citations
72. 72*

    Snowmass 2021: Quantum Sensors for HEP Science -- Interferometers, Mechanics, Traps, and Clocks

    Oliver Buchmueller🇬🇧 · Daniel Carney🇺🇸 · Thomas Cecil🇺🇸 · John Ellis🇬🇧 · R.F. Garcia Ruiz🇺🇸 · Andrew A. Geraci🇺🇸 · David Hanneke🇺🇸 · Jason Hogan🇺🇸 · Nicholas R. Hutzler🇺🇸 · Andrew Jayich🇺🇸 · Shimon Kolkowitz🇺🇸 · Gavin W. Morley🇬🇧 and 4 other authors

    A wide range of quantum sensing technologies are rapidly being integrated into the experimental portfolio of the high energy physics community. Here we focus on sensing with atomic interferometers; mechanical devices read out with optical or microwave fields; precision spectroscopic methods with atomic, nuclear, and molecular systems; and trapped atoms and ions. We give a variety of detection targets relevant to particle physics for which these systems are uniquely poised to contribute. This includes experiments at the precision frontier like measurements of the electron dipole moment and electromagnetic fine structure constant and searches for fifth forces and modifications of Newton's law of gravity at micron-to-millimeter scales. It also includes experiments relevant to the cosmic frontier, especially searches for gravitional waves and a wide variety of dark matter candidates spanning heavy, WIMP-scale, light, and ultra-light mass ranges. We emphasize here the need for more developments both in sensor technology and integration into the broader particle physics community.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phphysics.atom-ph+117 citations
73. 73*

    The Road Ahead for CODEX-b

    Giulio Aielli🇮🇹 · Juliette Alimena🇨🇭 · James Beacham🇺🇸 · Eli Ben-Haim🇫🇷 · Martino Borsato🇩🇪 · Matthew John Charles🇫🇷 · Xabier Cid Vidal🇪🇸 · Victor Coco🇨🇭 · Albert De Roeck🇨🇭 · Biplab Dey🇭🇺 · Raphael Dumps🇨🇭 · Vladimir V. Gligorov🇫🇷 and 27 other authors

    In this Snowmass contribution we present a comprehensive status update on the progress and plans for the proposed CODEX-b detector, intended to search for long-lived particles beyond the Standard Model. We review the physics case for the proposal and present recent progress on optimization strategies for the detector and shielding design, as well as the development of new fast and full simulation frameworks. A summary of the technical design for a smaller demonstrator detector (CODEX-$\beta$) for the upcoming Run~3 of the LHC is also discussed, alongside the road towards realization of the full experiment at the High-Luminosity LHC.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph41 citations
74. 74*

    White Paper on Light Sterile Neutrino Searches and Related Phenomenology

    M. A. Acero · C. A. Argüelles · M. Hostert · D. Kalra · G. Karagiorgi · K. J. Kelly · B. Littlejohn · P. Machado · W. Pettus · M. Toups · M. Ross-Lonergan · A. Sousa and 160 other authors

    This white paper provides a comprehensive review of our present understanding of experimental neutrino anomalies that remain unresolved, charting the progress achieved over the last decade at the experimental and phenomenological level, and sets the stage for future programmatic prospects in addressing those anomalies. It is purposed to serve as a guiding and motivational "encyclopedic" reference, with emphasis on needs and options for future exploration that may lead to the ultimate resolution of the anomalies. We see the main experimental, analysis, and theory-driven thrusts that will be essential to achieving this goal being: 1) Cover all anomaly sectors -- given the unresolved nature of all four canonical anomalies, it is imperative to support all pillars of a diverse experimental portfolio, source, reactor, decay-at-rest, decay-in-flight, and other methods/sources, to provide complementary probes of and increased precision for new physics explanations; 2) Pursue diverse signatures -- it is imperative that experiments make design and analysis choices that maximize sensitivity to as broad an array of these potential new physics signatures as possible; 3) Deepen theoretical engagement -- priority in the theory community should be placed on development of standard and beyond standard models relevant to all four short-baseline anomalies and the development of tools for efficient tests of these models with existing and future experimental datasets; 4) Openly share data -- Fluid communication between the experimental and theory communities will be required, which implies that both experimental data releases and theoretical calculations should be publicly available; and 5) Apply robust analysis techniques -- Appropriate statistical treatment is crucial to assess the compatibility of data sets within the context of any given model.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.ins-detJ.Phys.G(2024)·154 citations
75. 75*

    Snowmass 2021 Community Survey Report

    Garvita Agarwal🇺🇸 · Joshua L. Barrow🇺🇸 · Mateus F. Carneiro🇺🇸 · Erin Conley🇺🇸 · Maria Elidaiana da Silva Pereira🇩🇪 · Sam Hedges🇺🇸 · Samuel Homiller🇺🇸 · Ivan Lepetic🇺🇸 · Tianhuan Luo🇺🇸

    The Snowmass Community Survey was designed by the Snowmass Early Career (SEC) Survey Core Initiative team between April 2020 and June 2021, and released to the community on June 28, 2021. It aims to be a comprehensive assessment of the state of the high-energy particle and astrophysics (HEPA) community, if not the field, though the Snowmass process is largely based within the United States. Among other topics, some of the central foci of the Survey were to gather demographic, career, physics outlook, and workplace culture data on a large segment of the Snowmass community. With nearly $1500$ total interactions with the Survey, the SEC Survey team hopes the findings and discussions within this report will be of service to the community over the next decade. Some conclusions should reinforce the aspects of HEPA which are already functional and productive, while others should strengthen arguments for cultural and policy changes within the field.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.IMhep-phphysics.soc-ph6 citations
76. 76*

    UV and IR divergence-free calculation of the vertex function at arbitrary values of its arguments

    John Mashford🇦🇺

    The vertex function is analyzed using covariant spectral regularization without encountering any divergence, either UV or IR. The mathematics of covariant spectral regularization for covariant matrix valued measures with one Lorentz index on open subsets of Minkowski space is described. This is then applied to the case of the vertex function and expressions for the densities associated with the vertex function in the t channel and the s channel with respect to Lebesgue measure on Minkowski space are obtained. These densities are well defined, non-divergent and analytic over their domains of definition and are obtained without using renormalization or needing to consider final state radiation. The limit of the expression for the vertex function in the t channel at low energy and low momenta is computed resulting in the classical result for the leading order (LO) contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron. Also the density for the vertex function in the s channel is used to compute the LO vertex correction contribution to the high energy limit of the cross section for the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-ph1 citation
77. 77*

    Reconstruction of Large Radius Tracks with the Exa.TrkX pipeline

    Chun-Yi Wang🇹🇼 · Xiangyang Ju🇺🇸 · Shih-Chieh Hsu🇺🇸 · Daniel Murnane🇺🇸 · Paolo Calafiura🇺🇸 · Steven Farrell🇺🇸 · Maria Spiropulu🇺🇸 · Jean-Roch Vlimant🇺🇸 · Adam Aurisano🇺🇸 · V Hewes🇺🇸 · Giuseppe Cerati🇺🇸 · Lindsey Gray🇺🇸 and 13 other authors

    Particle tracking is a challenging pattern recognition task at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity-LHC. Conventional algorithms, such as those based on the Kalman Filter, achieve excellent performance in reconstructing the prompt tracks from the collision points. However, they require dedicated configuration and additional computing time to efficiently reconstruct the large radius tracks created away from the collision points. We developed an end-to-end machine learning-based track finding algorithm for the HL-LHC, the Exa.TrkX pipeline. The pipeline is designed so as to be agnostic about global track positions. In this work, we study the performance of the Exa.TrkX pipeline for finding large radius tracks. Trained with all tracks in the event, the pipeline simultaneously reconstructs prompt tracks and large radius tracks with high efficiencies. This new capability offered by the Exa.TrkX pipeline may enable us to search for new physics in real time.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phphysics.data-anJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2023)·2 citations
78. 78*

    Calculation without IR divergence of the soft photon high energy limit of final state radiation for the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$

    John Mashford🇦🇺

    In this paper it is shown that the final state radiation process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$ at tree level is not associated with any IR divergence in the soft photon high energy limit if the calculation is done using a careful treatment of a certain distributional object (in fact, a measure) arising from the Feynman amplitude for the process. Thus there need be no "infrared catastrophe" associated with the process. It is shown that, in fact, the cross section for the final state photons for the the process vanishes in the soft photon high energy limit.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-ph1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.