Mon·Mar 14, 2022Monday·March 14, 2022

1. 01*

   Tau Neutrinos in the Next Decade: from GeV to EeV

   Roshan Mammen Abraham · Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz · Carlos A. Argüelles · Akitaka Ariga · Tomoko Ariga · Adam Aurisano · Dario Autiero · Mary Bishai · Nilay Bostan · Mauricio Bustamante · Austin Cummings · Valentin Decoene and 54 other authors

   Tau neutrinos are the least studied particle in the Standard Model. This whitepaper discusses the current and expected upcoming status of tau neutrino physics with attention to the broad experimental and theoretical landscape spanning long-baseline, beam-dump, collider, and astrophysical experiments. This whitepaper was prepared as a part of the NuTau2021 Workshop.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exJ.Phys.G(2022)·74 citations
2. 02*

   Quantum SMEFT tomography: top quark pair production at the LHC

   Rafael Aoude🇧🇪 · Eric Madge🇮🇱 · Fabio Maltoni🇧🇪 · Luca Mantani🇬🇧

   Quantum information observables, such as entanglement measures, provide a powerful way to characterize the properties of quantum states. We propose to use them to probe the structure of fundamental interactions and to search for new physics at high energy. Inspired by recent proposals to measure entanglement of top quark pairs produced at the LHC, we examine how higher-dimensional operators in the framework of the SMEFT modify the Standard Model expectations. We explore two regions of interest in the phase space where the Standard Model produces maximally entangled states: at threshold and in the high-energy limit. We unveil a non-trivial pattern of effects, which depend on the initial state partons, $q\bar{q}$ or $gg$, on whether only linear or up to quadratic SMEFT contributions are included, and on the phase space region. In general, we find that higher-dimensional effects lower the entanglement predicted in the Standard Model.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·123 citations
3. 03*

   A Holistic Approach to Predicting Top Quark Kinematic Properties with the Covariant Particle Transformer

   Shikai Qiu🇺🇸 · Shuo Han🇺🇸 · Xiangyang Ju🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Haichen Wang🇺🇸

   Precise reconstruction of top quark properties is a challenging task at the Large Hadron Collider due to combinatorial backgrounds and missing information. We introduce a physics-informed neural network architecture called the Covariant Particle Transformer (CPT) for directly predicting the top quark kinematic properties from reconstructed final state objects. This approach is permutation invariant and partially Lorentz covariant and can account for a variable number of input objects. In contrast to previous machine learning-based reconstruction methods, CPT is able to predict top quark four-momenta regardless of the jet multiplicity in the event. Using simulations, we show that the CPT performs favorably compared with other machine learning top quark reconstruction approaches.

   hep-phhep-exphysics.data-anPRD(2023)·36 citations
4. 04*

   Fully polarized nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in pulsed plane waves

   Suo Tang🇨🇳

   Fully polarized nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production from a beam of polarized seed photons is investigated in pulsed plane-wave backgrounds. The particle (electron and positron) spin and photon polarization are comprehensively described with the theory of the density matrix. The compact expressions for the energy spectrum and spin polarization of the produced particles, depending on the initial polarization of the seed photon beam, are derived and discussed in both linearly and circularly polarized laser backgrounds. The numerical results suggest an appreciable improvement of the positron yield by orthogonalizing the photon polarization to the laser polarization, and the generation of a highly polarized positron beam from a beam of circularly polarized seed photons. The locally monochromatic approximation and the locally constant field approximation are derived and benchmarked with the full quantum electrodynamic calculations.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·31 citations
5. 05*

   Tree-level Interference in VBF production of $Vh$

   Chaitanya Paranjape🇮🇳 · Daniel Stolarski🇨🇦 · Yongcheng Wu🇺🇸

   We study the production of the Higgs in a association with a vector ($V=W,Z$) via the VBF process, VBF-VH. In the Standard Model (SM), this process exhibits tree-level destructive interference between between $W$ and $Z$ mediated processes and is thus very sensitive to deviations in Higgs couplings to vector bosons. We study this process at both the HL-LHC as well as future high energy lepton colliders. We show in particular that the scenario where Higgs couplings have the same magnitude but opposite relative sign as in the SM, a scenario that is very difficult to distinguish without interference, can be probed with this process at either collider.

   hep-ph2 citations
6. 06*

   Two-zero textures based on $A_4$ symmetry and unimodular mixing matrix

   N. Razzaghi🇮🇷 · S. M. M. Rasouli🇵🇹 · P. Parada🇵🇹 · P. V. Moniz🇵🇹

   Applying the $A_4$ symmetry in the scenario of unimodular second scheme of trimaximal $T{M}_2$ mixing matrix, where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal and the nature of neutrinos are Majorana, we investigate and analyze feasible two zeros neutrino mass matrices. Among the seven possible two-zero textures with $A_4$ symmetry, we have found that only two textures, namely the texture with $(e,e)$ and $(e,\mu )$ vanishing element of mass matrix and its permutation, are consistent with the experimental data in the non-perturbation method. We also obtain new significant relations between phases of our model, namely $\rho +\sigma =\varphi \pm \pi$ and ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{13}=\frac{2}{3}{R}_{\nu }$ where $R_{\nu }=\frac{\delta m^2}{\Delta m^2}$. Subsequently, by admitting the experimental ranges of $R_{\nu }$, we retrieve the allowed range of the unknown phase $\varphi$. Such a procedure assist us to determine the ranges of all the neutrino observable parameters, the masses of neutrinos, the CP-violating phases and $J$ parameter as well as to predict the normal hierarchy for the neutrino mass. Finally, we show that our predictions with respect to our herewith reported specific textures are consistent with the corresponding data reported from neutrino oscillation, cosmic microwave background and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments.

   hep-phSymmetry(2022)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Sterile neutrino rates for general $M$, $T$, $\mu$, $k$: review of a theoretical framework

   M. Laine🇨🇭

   The temperature of sphaleron freeze-out, $T\approx 130$ GeV, sets a scale for mechanisms for generating lepton asymmetries and converting them to baryon asymmetry (leptogenesis). For Majorana masses $M\gg \pi T$, leptogenesis takes place in the non-relativistic regime, while for $M\ll \pi T$, the dynamics is ultrarelativistic. The intermediate case $M\sim \pi T$ is the most cumbersome, as no effective theory methods are available. We review the definitions of and provide integral representations for all rate coefficients and mass corrections of $\mathcal{O}(h_{\nu }^2)$ in this regime, such that the expressions extrapolate to known limits and are gauge independent to the order computed, both in the symmetric and the Higgs phase, for any helicity, momentum, and set of chemical potentials. Road signs towards a numerical evaluation are offered.

   hep-phAnnals Phys.(2022)·10 citations
8. 08*

   Incident Velocity-Recoil Angle Distribution and Angular Recoil-Energy Spectrum of 3-Dimensional WIMP-Nucleus Scattering Events

   Chung-Lin Shan🇹🇼

   In this paper, as a supplementary of our study on the angular distribution of the recoil flux of WIMP-scattered target nuclei and on that of the WIMP effective scattering velocity distribution, we investigate the scattering probability distribution of the WIMP incident velocity versus the nuclear recoil angle in narrow recoil energy windows for different WIMP masses and target nuclei. Our simulation results show that, not only the velocity distribution of incident halo WIMPs, but also a factor of the recoil angle could affect the scattering probability distribution of the available incident velocity-recoil angle combination in a given recoil energy window. Consequently, the 1-D WIMP "effective" velocity distribution corresponding to the considered narrow energy window would not be consistent with that cut simply from the (generating) velocity distribution of incident halo WIMPs. And its contribution to the differential WIMP-nucleus scattering event rate in the considered energy window could thus not be simply estimated by integrating over the 1-D theoretical velocity distribution (of entire halo WIMPs).

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex1 citation
9. 09*

   Signatures of gluon saturation from structure-function measurements

   Nestor Armesto🇪🇸 · Tuomas Lappi🇫🇮 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Hannu Paukkunen🇫🇮 · Mirja Tevio🇫🇮

   We study experimentally observable signals for nonlinear QCD dynamics in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) at small Bjorken variable $x$ and moderate virtuality $Q^2$, by quantifying differences between the linear Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution and nonlinear evolution with the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. To remove the effect of the parametrization freedom in the initial conditions of both equations, we first match the predictions for the DIS structure functions $F_2$ and $F_{\mathrm{L}}$ from both frameworks in a region in $x,Q^2$ where both frameworks should provide an accurate description of the relevant physics. The differences in the dynamics are then quantified by the deviations when one moves away from this matching region. For free protons we find that the differences in $F_2$ remain at a few-percent level, while in $F_{\mathrm{L}}$ the deviations are larger, up to $10\%$ at the EIC and $40\%$ at the LHeC kinematics. With a heavy nucleus the differences are up to $10\%$ in $F_2$, and can reach $20\%$ and $60\%$ in $F_{\mathrm{L}}$ for the EIC and the LHeC, respectively.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·31 citations
10. 10*

    Addressing the Gravitational Wave - Collider Inverse Problem

    Leon S. Friedrich🇨🇳 · Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf🇨🇳 · Tuomas V. I. Tenkanen🇸🇪 · Van Que Tran🇨🇳

    We provide a roadmap for analyzing the interplay between hypothetical future collider observations and the detection of a gravitational wave signal produced by a strong first order electroweak phase transition in beyond the Standard Model (BSM) theories. A cornerstone of this roadmap is a combination of a dimensionally reduced, three-dimensional effective field theory and results of both perturbation theory and non-perturbative lattice simulations. For the first time we apply these state-of-the-art methods to a comprehensive parameter space scan of a BSM theory. Concretely, we study an extension with the real scalar triplet, which admits a possible two-step electroweak symmetry-breaking thermal history. We find that (1) a first order transition during the second step could generate a signal accessible to LISA generation detectors and (2) the gravitational wave signal displays a strong sensitivity to the portal coupling between the new scalar and the Higgs boson, and (3) the ability for future experiments to detect the produced gravitational waves depends decisively on the wall velocity of the bubbles produced during the phase transition. We illustrate how a combination of direct and indirect measurements of the new scalar properties, in combination with the presence or absence of a gravitational wave detection, could test the model and identify the values of the model parameters.

    hep-ph40 citations
11. 11*

    Opportunities for new physics searches with heavy ions at colliders

    David d'Enterria🇨🇭 · Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Andrea Giammanco🇧🇪 · Jan Hajer🇵🇹 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪 · Roderik Bruce🇨🇭 · Nazar Burmasov🇷🇺 · Mateusz Dyndal🇵🇱 · Oliver Gould🇬🇧 · Iwona Grabowska-Bold🇵🇱 · Malgorzata Gumberidze🇩🇪 · Taku Gunji🇯🇵 and 6 other authors

    Opportunities for searches for phenomena beyond the Standard Model (BSM) using heavy-ions beams at high energies are outlined. Different BSM searches proposed in the last years in collisions of heavy ions, mostly at the Large Hadron Collider, are summarized. A few concrete selected cases are reviewed including searches for axion-like particles, anomalous $\tau$ electromagnetic moments, magnetic monopoles, and dark photons. Expectations for the achievable sensitivities of these searches in the coming years are given. Studies of CP violation in hot and dense QCD matter and connections to ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays physics are also mentioned.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2023)·52 citations
12. 12*

    New Physics searches in a low threshold scintillating argon bubble chamber measuring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in reactors

    E. Alfonso-Pita🇲🇽 · L. J. Flores🇲🇽 · Eduardo Peinado🇲🇽 · E. Vázquez-Jáuregui🇲🇽

    The sensitivity to New Physics of a low threshold scintillating argon bubble chamber measuring coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in reactors is reported. Namely, light scalar mediators, sterile neutrino oscillations, unitarity violation, and non-standard interactions are studied. The results indicate that this detector could be able to set stronger constraints than current limits set by the recent COHERENT measurements. Considering the best scenario, a 100 kg detector located 30 m from a 2000 MW${}_{th}$ reactor, a sterile neutrino search would cover most of the space parameter allowed from the reactor anti-neutrino anomaly fit. Unitarity violation studies could set constraints on ${\alpha }_{11}$ more stringent than the current oscillation experiments fit. A low threshold argon detector with very low backgrounds has the potential to explore New Physics in different scenarios and set competitive constraints.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2022)·12 citations
13. 13*

    Estimating QCD uncertainties on antiproton spectra from dark-matter annihilation

    Adil Jueid🇰🇷 · Jochem Kip🇳🇱 · Roberto Ruiz de Austri🇪🇸 · Peter Skands🇦🇺

    In this talk, we discuss the physics modeling of antiproton spectra arising from dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay in a model-independent manner. The modeling of antiproton spectra contains some intrinsic uncertainties related to QCD parton showers and hadronisation of baryons. We briefly assess the sources of these uncertainties and their impact on antiproton energy spectra for a few selected DM scenarios. The results are provided in tabulated form for future analyses.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPoS(2022)·3 citations
14. 14*

    High-energy frontier of the muon g-2 at a muon collider

    Paride Paradisi🇮🇹 · Olcyr Sumensari🇫🇷 · Alessandro Valenti🇮🇹

    The long-standing muon g-2 anomaly can be explained by heavy new physics particles through chirally enhanced contributions. It has been recently proposed that a muon collider running at center-of-mass energies of several TeV could test these new physics scenarios in a model-independent way, through the study of high-energy processes such as mu+ mu- --> h gamma. In this work, we validate these findings, based on effective field theories, by considering selected renormalizable simplified models and by computing this one-loop process in full generality. Furthermore, we explore the interplay of direct and indirect high-energy searches to pin down the details of the underlying new physics model accommodating the muon g-2 anomaly.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·19 citations
15. 15*

    Displaced fat-jets and tracks to probe boosted right-handed neutrinos in the $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ model

    Rojalin Padhan🇮🇳 · Manimala Mitra🇮🇳 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Frank F. Deppisch🇬🇧

    We investigate the pair-production of Right-Handed Neutrinos (RHNs) via a $B-L$ $Z^{\prime }$ boson and the detection prospects at the High-Luminosity run of the LHC (HL-LHC) and a future $pp$ collider (FCC-hh). We focus on RHN states with a mass of $10-70$ GeV which naturally results in displaced vertices for small active-sterile mixing strengths. Being produced through a mass resonance with $m_{Z^{\prime }}\ge 1$ TeV, the RHNs are heavily boosted, leading to collimated decay products that give rise to fat-jets. We investigate the detection prospect of dedicated signatures in the inner detector and the muon spectrometer, namely a pair of displaced fat-jets and the associated tracks, respectively. We find that both the HL-LHC and FCC-hh can be sensitive to small active-sterile mixing $V_{\mu N}>10^{-6}$ and $V_{\mu N}>10^{-7}$ with the number of events reaching $\mathcal{O}(10)$ and $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$, respectively. This allows probing the generation of light neutrino masses through the Seesaw mechanism in this scenario.

    hep-phEPJC(2022)·16 citations
16. 16*

    BSM $\nu$ physics: complementarity across energies -- a white paper for Snowmass 2021

    Tao Han🇺🇸 · Jiajun Liao🇨🇳 · Hongkai Liu🇮🇱 · Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · Richard Ruiz🇵🇱

    We reiterate that there is significant complementarity between low-energy experiments and high-energy colliders in exploring new physics associated with neutrino properties and their mass generation mechanisms. Signals of the new physics in the two energy regimes may be correlated with each other from the same underlying dynamics. We demonstrate the complementary nature by presenting the physics reaches for the Seesaw models of Type I, II and III, and for general neutrino interactions in an effective field theory framework, and in a $Z^{\prime }$ model.

    hep-phhep-ex5 citations
17. 17*

    QCD Axion Search with ILC Beam Facility

    Hajime Fukuda🇺🇸 · Hidetoshi Otono🇯🇵 · Satoshi Shirai🇯🇵

    One of the most promising methods to search for axions is a light-shining-through-walls (LSW) experiment. In this work, we discuss the possibility of performing an LSW experiment at the ILC experiment, where photon beams are generated for positron production. The photon beam is energetic and intense; the energy is of order MeV and the number of photons is about $10^{24}$ per year. Due to the high energy and intensity, this LSW experiment can reveal the parameter region of the axion unexplored by previous ground-based experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·2 citations
18. 18*

    Axion Instability Supernovae

    Jeremy Sakstein🇺🇸 · Djuna Croon🇬🇧 · Samuel D. McDermott🇺🇸

    New particles coupled to the Standard Model can equilibrate in stellar cores if they are sufficiently heavy and strongly coupled. In this work, we investigate the astrophysical consequences of such a scenario for massive stars by incorporating new contributions to the equation of state into a state of the art stellar structure code. We focus on axions in the "cosmological triangle", a region of parameter space with $300\mathrm{keV}\lesssim m_a\lesssim 2$ MeV, $g_{a\gamma \gamma }\sim 10^{-5}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ that is not presently excluded by other considerations. We find that for axion masses $m_a\sim m_e$, axion production in the core drives a new stellar instability that results in explosive nuclear burning that either drives a series of mass-shedding pulsations or completely disrupts the star resulting in a new type of optical transient -- an \textit{Axion Instability Supernova}. We predict that the upper black hole mass gap would be located at $37{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }\le M\le 107{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ in these theories, a large shift down from the standard prediction, which is disfavored by the detection of the mass gap in the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA GWTC-2 gravitational wave catalog beginning at $46_{-6}^{+17}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. Furthermore, axion-instability supernovae are more common than pair-instability supernovae, making them excellent candidate targets for JWST. The methods presented in this work can be used to investigate the astrophysical consequences of any theory of new physics that contains heavy bosonic particles of arbitrary spin. We provide the tools to facilitate such studies.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR+1PRD(2022)·21 citations
19. 19*

    Interpretable machine learning in Physics

    Christophe Grojean🇩🇪 · Ayan Paul🇩🇪 · Zhuoni Qian🇨🇳 · Inga Strümke🇳🇴

    Adding interpretability to multivariate methods creates a powerful synergy for exploring complex physical systems with higher order correlations while bringing about a degree of clarity in the underlying dynamics of the system.

    hep-phcs.LGNature Rev.Phys.(2022)·20 citations
20. 20*

    Snowmass2021 CMB-HD White Paper

    The CMB-HD Collaboration: Simone Aiola🇺🇸 · Yashar Akrami🇺🇸 · Kaustuv Basu🇩🇪 · Michael Boylan-Kolchin🇺🇸 · Thejs Brinckmann🇮🇹 · Sean Bryan🇺🇸 · Caitlin M. Casey🇺🇸 · Jens Chluba🇬🇧 · Sebastien Clesse🇧🇪 · Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine🇺🇸 · Luca Di Mascolo🇮🇹 · Simon Dicker🇺🇸 and 51 other authors

    CMB-HD is a proposed millimeter-wave survey over half the sky that would be ultra-deep (0.5 uK-arcmin) and have unprecedented resolution (15 arcseconds at 150 GHz). Such a survey would answer many outstanding questions about the fundamental physics of the Universe. Major advances would be 1.) the use of gravitational lensing of the primordial microwave background to map the distribution of matter on small scales (k~10 h Mpc^(-1)), which probes dark matter particle properties. It will also allow 2.) measurements of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects on small scales to map the gas density and velocity, another probe of cosmic structure. In addition, CMB-HD would allow us to cross critical thresholds: 3.) ruling out or detecting any new, light (< 0.1 eV) particles that were in thermal equilibrium with known particles in the early Universe, 4.) testing a wide class of multi-field models that could explain an epoch of inflation in the early Universe, and 5.) ruling out or detecting inflationary magnetic fields. CMB-HD would also provide world-leading constraints on 6.) axion-like particles, 7.) cosmic birefringence, 8.) the sum of the neutrino masses, and 9.) the dark energy equation of state. The CMB-HD survey would be delivered in 7.5 years of observing 20,000 square degrees of sky, using two new 30-meter-class off-axis crossed Dragone telescopes to be located at Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert. Each telescope would field 800,000 detectors (200,000 pixels), for a total of 1.6 million detectors.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-exhep-ph180 citations
21. 21*

    Recoil imaging for directional detection of dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

    C. A. J. O'Hare🇦🇺 · D. Loomba🇺🇸 · K. Altenmüller🇪🇸 · H. Álvarez-Pol🇪🇸 · F. D. Amaro🇵🇹 · H. M. Araújo🇬🇧 · D. Aristizabal Sierra🇨🇱 · J. Asaadi🇺🇸 · D. Attié🇫🇷 · S. Aune🇫🇷 · C. Awe🇺🇸 · Y. Ayyad🇪🇸 and 155 other authors

    Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond.

    ↳ physics.ins-detastro-ph.COhep-exhep-ph33 citations
22. 22*

    Revisiting the chiral effective action in holographic models

    Carlos Hoyos🇪🇸 · Niko Jokela🇫🇮 · Daniel Logares🇪🇸

    We obtain the pion decay constant and coefficients of fourth derivative terms in the chiral Lagrangian for massless quarks in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model. We extract these quantities from the two-pion scattering amplitude, which we compute directly in the holographic dual through tree-level Witten diagrams. Identification of the low energy coefficients in the chiral action is subtle as their values will be shifted when the tower of massive vector bosons are integrated out. Indeed, by a direct comparison with the existing standard procedure of constructing the chiral action with radial modes in the gravity dual, we explicitly show that there are finite 't Hooft coupling corrections that have been missed. This suggests that past derivations of effective actions from holographic models may have to be revisited and future derivations more carefully considered.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·4 citations
23. 23*

    Search for secluded dark matter towards the Galactic Centre with the ANTARES neutrino telescope

    A. Albert🇫🇷 · S. Alves🇪🇸 · M. Andre🇪🇸 · M. Anghinolfi🇮🇹 · G. Anton🇩🇪 · M. Ardid🇪🇸 · S. Ardid🇪🇸 · J.-J. Aubert🇫🇷 · J. Aublin🇫🇷 · B. Baret🇫🇷 · S. Basa🇫🇷 · B. Belhorma🇲🇦 and 137 other authors

    Searches for dark matter (DM) have not provided any solid evidence for the existence of weakly interacting massive particles in the GeV-TeV mass range. Coincidentally, the scale of new physics is being pushed by collider searches well beyond the TeV domain. This situation strongly motivates the exploration of DM masses much larger than a TeV. Secluded scenarios contain a natural way around the unitarity bound on the DM mass, via the early matter domination induced by the mediator of its interactions with the Standard Model. High-energy neutrinos constitute one of the very few direct accesses to energy scales above a few TeV. An indirect search for secluded DM signals has been performed with the ANTARES neutrino telescope using data from 2007 to 2015. Upper limits on the DM annihilation cross section for DM masses up to 6 PeV are presented and discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2022)·21 citations
24. 24*

    Directional Detection of Dark Matter Using Solid-State Quantum Sensing

    Reza Ebadi🇺🇸 · Mason C. Marshall🇺🇸 · David F. Phillips🇺🇸 · Johannes Cremer🇺🇸 · Tao Zhou🇺🇸 · Michael Titze🇺🇸 · Pauli Kehayias🇨🇭 · Maziar Saleh Ziabari · Nazar Delegan🇺🇸 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸 · Alexander O. Sushkov🇺🇸 · F. Joseph Heremans🇺🇸 and 3 other authors

    Next-generation dark matter (DM) detectors searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) will be sensitive to coherent scattering from solar neutrinos, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. Directional detectors improve sensitivity to WIMP DM despite the irreducible neutrino background. Wide-bandgap semiconductors offer a path to directional detection in a high-density target material. A detector of this type operates in a hybrid mode. The WIMP or neutrino-induced nuclear recoil is detected using real-time charge, phonon, or photon collection. The directional signal, however, is imprinted as a durable sub-micron damage track in the lattice structure. This directional signal can be read out by a variety of atomic physics techniques, from point defect quantum sensing to x-ray microscopy. In this white paper, we present the detector principle and review the status of the experimental techniques required for directional readout of nuclear recoil tracks. Specifically, we focus on diamond as a target material; it is both a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies and a promising component of next-generation semiconductor electronics. Based on the development and demonstration of directional readout in diamond over the next decade, a future WIMP detector will leverage or motivate advances in multiple disciplines towards precision dark matter and neutrino physics.

    ↳ physics.ins-detastro-ph.COhep-exhep-phAVS Quantum Sci. 4, 044701 (2022)·28 citations
25. 25*

    Collectivity in Ultra-Peripheral Pb+Pb Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

    Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸

    We present the first full (3+1)D dynamical simulations of ultra-peripheral Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Extrapolating from p+Pb collisions, we explore whether a quasi-real photon ${\gamma }^{\ast }$ interacting with the lead nucleus in an ultra-peripheral collision can create a many-body system exhibiting fluid behavior. Assuming strong final-state interactions, we provide model results for charged hadron multiplicity, identified particle mean transverse momenta, and charged hadron anisotropic flow coefficients, and compare them with experimental data from the ALICE and ATLAS collaborations. The elliptic flow hierarchy between p+Pb and ${\gamma }^{\ast }$+Pb collisions is dominated by the difference in longitudinal flow decorrelations and reproduces the experimental data well. We have demonstrated that our theoretical framework provides a quantitative tool to study particle production and collectivity for all system sizes, ranging from central heavy-ion collisions to small asymmetric collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider and even at the future Electron-Ion Collider.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRL(2022)·48 citations
26. 26*

    Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies

    Elcio Abdalla🇧🇷 · Guillermo Franco Abellán🇫🇷 · Amin Aboubrahim🇩🇪 · Adriano Agnello🇩🇰 · Ozgur Akarsu🇹🇷 · Yashar Akrami🇺🇸 · George Alestas🇬🇷 · Daniel Aloni🇺🇸 · Luca Amendola🇩🇪 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Richard I. Anderson🇨🇭 · Nikki Arendse🇩🇰 and 191 other authors

    In this paper we will list a few important goals that need to be addressed in the next decade, also taking into account the current discordances between the different cosmological probes, such as the disagreement in the value of the Hubble constant $H_0$, the ${\sigma }_8$--$S_8$ tension, and other less statistically significant anomalies. While these discordances can still be in part the result of systematic errors, their persistence after several years of accurate analysis strongly hints at cracks in the standard cosmological scenario and the necessity for new physics or generalisations beyond the standard model. In this paper, we focus on the $5.0\sigma$ tension between the {\it Planck} CMB estimate of the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the SH0ES collaboration measurements. After showing the $H_0$ evaluations made from different teams using different methods and geometric calibrations, we list a few interesting new physics models that could alleviate this tension and discuss how the next decade's experiments will be crucial. Moreover, we focus on the tension of the {\it Planck} CMB data with weak lensing measurements and redshift surveys, about the value of the matter energy density ${\Omega }_m$, and the amplitude or rate of the growth of structure (${\sigma }_8,f{\sigma }_8$). We list a few interesting models proposed for alleviating this tension, and we discuss the importance of trying to fit a full array of data with a single model and not just one parameter at a time. Additionally, we present a wide range of other less discussed anomalies at a statistical significance level lower than the $H_0$--$S_8$ tensions which may also constitute hints towards new physics, and we discuss possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals.[Abridged]

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJHEAp(2022)·1630 citations
27. 27*

    Symmetry Group Equivariant Architectures for Physics

    Alexander Bogatskiy🇺🇸 · Sanmay Ganguly🇯🇵 · Thomas Kipf🇨🇭 · Risi Kondor🇺🇸 · David W. Miller🇺🇸 · Daniel Murnane🇺🇸 · Jan T. Offermann🇺🇸 · Mariel Pettee🇺🇸 · Phiala Shanahan🇺🇸 · Chase Shimmin🇺🇸 · Savannah Thais🇺🇸

    Physical theories grounded in mathematical symmetries are an essential component of our understanding of a wide range of properties of the universe. Similarly, in the domain of machine learning, an awareness of symmetries such as rotation or permutation invariance has driven impressive performance breakthroughs in computer vision, natural language processing, and other important applications. In this report, we argue that both the physics community and the broader machine learning community have much to understand and potentially to gain from a deeper investment in research concerning symmetry group equivariant machine learning architectures. For some applications, the introduction of symmetries into the fundamental structural design can yield models that are more economical (i.e. contain fewer, but more expressive, learned parameters), interpretable (i.e. more explainable or directly mappable to physical quantities), and/or trainable (i.e. more efficient in both data and computational requirements). We discuss various figures of merit for evaluating these models as well as some potential benefits and limitations of these methods for a variety of physics applications. Research and investment into these approaches will lay the foundation for future architectures that are potentially more robust under new computational paradigms and will provide a richer description of the physical systems to which they are applied.

    ↳ cs.LGastro-ph.IMcs.AIhep-ex+130 citations
28. 28*

    Higgs Factory Considerations

    J.A. Bagger🇺🇸 · B.C. Barish🇺🇸 · S. Belomestnykh🇺🇸 · P.C. Bhat🇺🇸 · J.E. Brau🇺🇸 · M. Demarteau🇺🇸 · D. Denisov🇺🇸 · S.C. Eno🇺🇸 · C.G.R. Geddes🇺🇸 · P.D. Grannis🇺🇸 · A. Hutton🇺🇸 · A.J. Lankford🇺🇸 and 11 other authors

    We discuss considerations that can be used to formulate recommendations for initiating a lepton collider project that would provide precision studies of the Higgs boson and related electroweak phenomena.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-ph6 citations
29. 29*

    Searching for Kerr in the 2PM amplitude

    Rafael Aoude🇧🇪 · Kays Haddad🇸🇪 · Andreas Helset🇺🇸

    The classical scattering of spinning objects is well described by the spinor-helicity formalism for heavy particles. Using these variables, we derive spurious-pole-free, all-spin opposite-helicity Compton amplitudes (factorizing on physical poles to the minimal, all-spin three-point amplitudes of ref. \cite{Arkani-Hamed:2017jhn}) in the classical limit for QED, QCD, and gravity. The cured amplitudes are subject to deformations by contact terms, the vast majority of whose contributions we can fix by imposing a relation between spin structures -- motivated by lower spin multipoles of black hole scattering -- at the second post-Minkowskian (2PM) order. For QED and gravity, this leaves a modest number of unfixed coefficients parametrizing contact-term deformations, while the QCD amplitude is uniquely determined. Our gravitational Compton amplitude allows us to push the state-of-the-art of spinning-2PM scattering to any order in the spin vectors of both objects; we present results here and in the auxiliary file \texttt{2PMSpin8Aux.nb} up to eighth order in the spin vectors. Interestingly, despite leftover coefficients in the Compton amplitude, imposing the aforementioned relation between spin structures uniquely fixes some higher-spin parts of the 2PM amplitude.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2022)·129 citations
30. 30*

    Snowmass2021 Cosmic Frontier White Paper: Observational Facilities to Study Dark Matter

    Sukanya Chakrabarti🇺🇸 · Alex Drlica-Wagner🇺🇸 · Ting S. Li🇨🇦 · Neelima Sehgal🇺🇸 · Joshua D. Simon🇺🇸 · Simon Birrer🇺🇸 · Duncan A. Brown🇺🇸 · Rebecca Bernstein🇺🇸 · Alberto D. Bolatto🇺🇸 · Philip Chang🇺🇸 · Kyle Dawson🇺🇸 · Paul Demorest🇺🇸 and 12 other authors

    We present an overview of future observational facilities that will significantly enhance our understanding of the fundamental nature of dark matter. These facilities span a range of observational techniques including optical/near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, measurements of the cosmic microwave background, pulsar timing, 21-cm observations of neutral hydrogen at high redshift, and the measurement of gravitational waves. Such facilities are a critical component of a multi-pronged experimental program to uncover the nature of dark matter, while often providing complementary measurements of dark energy, neutrino physics, and inflation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-ph33 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.