PaperPanorama

HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Mon·Dec 13, 2021

23 papers14 primary·9 cross-listed·reconstructed*

  1. 01*

    Asymptotic nonlocality in non-Abelian gauge theories

    Jens Boos🇺🇸 · Christopher D. Carone🇺🇸

    Asymptotically nonlocal field theories represent a sequence of higher-derivative theories whose limit point is a ghost-free, infinite-derivative theory. Here, we extend previous work on pure scalar and Abelian gauge theories to asymptotically nonlocal non-Abelian theories. In particular, we confirm that there is a limit in which the Lee-Wick spectrum can be decoupled, but where the hierarchy problem is resolved via an emergent nonlocal scale that regulates loop diagrams and that is hierarchically smaller than the lightest Lee-Wick resonance.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·12 citations
  2. 02*

    Dijet and electroweak limits on a boson coupled to quarks

    Bogdan A. Dobrescu🇺🇸 · Felix Yu🇩🇪

    An insightful way of presenting the LHC limits on dijet resonances is the coupling-mass plot for a boson that has flavor-independent quark interactions. This also illustrates the comparison of low-mass LHC sensitivity with constraints on the flavor-independent boson from electroweak and quarkonium measurements. To derive these constraints, we compute the mixing with the , the photon, and the meson, emphasizing the logarithmic dependence on the masses of the new electroweak-charged fermions (``anomalons") required to cancel the gauge anomalies. We update the coupling-mass plot, extending it for masses from 5 GeV to 5 TeV.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·28 citations
  3. 03*

    Strong coupling at the -mass scale from an improved vector isovector spectral function

    Diogo Boito🇧🇷 · Maarten Golterman🇺🇸 · Kim Maltman🇨🇦 · Santiago Peris🇪🇸 · Marcus V. Rodrigues🇧🇷 · Wilder Schaaf🇺🇸

    We perform a precise extraction of the QCD coupling at the -mass scale, , from a new vector isovector spectral function which combines ALEPH and OPAL distributions for the dominant channels, , and , with estimates of sub-leading contributions obtained from electroproduction cross-sections using CVC, as well as BaBar results for . The fully inclusive spectral function thus obtained is entirely based on experimental data, without Monte Carlo input. From this new data set, we obtain , which corresponds to . This analysis can be improved on the experimental side with new measurements of the dominant , , and decay modes.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2025)·4 citations
  4. 04*

    Gluon and valence quark distributions for the pion and kaon in nuclear matter

    Parada T.P. Hutauruk🇰🇷 · Seung-il Nam🇰🇷

    In this paper we study the gluon and valence quark distributions in the pion and kaon in nuclear medium for various nuclear densities as well as in vacuum within the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with the help of the proper-time regularization scheme which simulates a confinement of QCD. The nuclear medium effect is also determined in the same model for the symmetric nuclear matter. We then analyze the gluon and valence quark distributions for the bound pion and kaon in symmetric nuclear matter as well as those in vacuum. We find that the valence quark and gluon distributions in vacuum have relatively good agreements with the experimental data, the lattice QCD simulations, and the JAM Monte-Carlo (MC) global fit QCD analysis. Evolving to the higher factorization scale 4 GeV, the in-medium gluon and valence-quark distributions of the pion for various nuclear densities are turned out to be almost unchanged in comparison to the vacuum cases. On the contrary, for the kaon, they increase significantly with respect to the densities. Finally, we find that the vacuum gluon distribution for the kaon is smaller than that for the pion, which is consistent with other theoretical predictions. This feature holds for the in-medium gluon distribution in the nuclear density up to the saturation density.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·18 citations
  5. 05*

    Nucleation at finite temperature: a gauge-invariant, perturbative framework

    Johan Löfgren🇸🇪 · Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf🇨🇳 · Philipp Schicho🇫🇮 · Tuomas V. I. Tenkanen🇸🇪

    We present a gauge-invariant framework for bubble nucleation in theories with radiative symmetry breaking at high temperature. As a procedure, this perturbative framework establishes a practical, gauge-invariant computation of the leading order nucleation rate, based on a consistent power counting in the high-temperature expansion. In model building and particle phenomenology, this framework has applications such as the computation of the bubble nucleation temperature and the rate for electroweak baryogenesis and gravitational wave signals from cosmic phase transitions.

    hep-phPRL(2023)·87 citations
  6. 06*

    Solar Active-Sterile Neutrino Conversion with Atomic Effects at Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments

    Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Pedro Pasquini🇨🇳 · Jie Sheng🇨🇳

    The recent XENON1T excess can be explained by the solar active-sterile neutrino conversion with bound electrons via light mediator. Nevertheless, the atomic effects are usually omitted in the solar neutrino explanations. We systematically establish a second quantization formalism for both bound and ionized electrons to account for the atomic effects. This formalism is of great generality to incorporate various interactions for both neutrino and dark matter scatterings. Our calculation shows that the change in the cross section due to atomic effects can have important impact on the differential cross section. It is necessary to include atomic effects in the low-energy electron recoil signal at dark matter direct detection experiments even for energetic solar neutrinos. With the best-fit values to the XENON1T data, we also project the event rate at PandaX-4T, XENONnT, and LZ experiments.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·15 citations
  7. 07*

    Dark biportals at direct detection

    Leonie Einfalt🇦🇹 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Massimiliano Procura🇦🇹 · Florian Reindl🇦🇹

    We present a study of the constraining power of low-threshold, high-resolution direct-detection experiments for a biportal simplified dark matter model. In the scenario we consider here, dark matter and Standard Model particles interact through two dark vector mediators one light and one heavy with respect to the momentum transfer in the experiment. Interference effects at the level of scattering amplitudes can lead to novel marked shape features in the differential recoil spectra, which are best exploited by high-resolution, low-threshold experiments. We identify the region in parameters space for our model where such effects are dominant and show that composite-target experiments with large atomic mass differences are ideal to explore these scenarios. We develop a profile likelihood approach to analyze presently available and future data. Using published results by the CRESST-III experiment and projections of future sensitivities for the COSINUS experiment, we constrain the parameter space in our model, thereby showing the potential of such an analysis on a class of dark matter models which exhibit non-standard features in the recoil spectra.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2022)·2 citations
  8. 08*

    Emerging Jets Displaced into the Future

    Paul Archer-Smith🇨🇦 · Dylan Linthorne🇨🇦 · Daniel Stolarski🇨🇦

    We examine the potential of future long-lived particle experiments to probe dark QCD models that feature Emerging Jets. The core of this analysis focuses on the transverse detectors AL3X, ANUBIS, CODEX-b, and MATHUSLA as they cover the most relevant parameter space, though the highly forward experiments MAPP, FORMOSA, and FASER are also explored. Geometric coverage of the detectors is calculated and used to determine the number of signal events and kinematic distribution measured for a collection of different benchmark models. This is used to map out the discovery potential of the Emerging Jets parameter space. Although all experiments demonstrate some reach, AL3X, ANUBIS, and MATHUSLA stand out as the most promising for exploring the dark QCD Emerging Jets parameter space.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·8 citations
  9. 09*

    Hadronic vacuum polarization contributions to the muon -2 in the space-like region

    Elisa Balzani🇮🇹 · Stefano Laporta🇮🇹 · Massimo Passera🇮🇹

    We present simple analytic expressions to compute the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon -2 in the space-like region up to next-to-next-to-leading order. These results can be employed in lattice QCD calculations of this contribution as well as in space-like determinations based on scattering data, like that expected from the proposed MUonE experiment at CERN.

    hep-phhep-latPLB(2022)·31 citations
  10. 10*

    Gravitational Focusing of Wave Dark Matter

    Hyungjin Kim🇩🇪 · Alessandro Lenoci🇩🇪

    A massive astrophysical object deforms a local distribution of dark matter, resulting in a local overdensity of dark matter. This phenomenon is often referred to as gravitational focusing. In the solar system, the gravitational focusing due to the Sun induces modulations of dark matter signals on terrestrial experiments. We consider the gravitational focusing of a light bosonic dark matter with a mass of less than about 10 eV. The wave nature of such dark matter candidates leads to unique signatures both in the local overdensity and in the spectrum, both of which can be experimentally relevant. We provide a formalism that captures both the gravitational focusing and the stochasticity of wave dark matter, paying particular attention to the similarity and difference to particle dark matter. Distinctive patterns in the density contrast and spectrum are observed when the de Broglie wavelength of dark matter becomes comparable or less than the size of the system and/or when the velocity dispersion of dark matter is sufficiently small. While gravitational focusing effects generally remain at a few percent level for a relaxed halo dark matter component, they could be much larger for dark matter substructures. With a few well-motivated dark matter substructures, we investigate how each substructure responds to the gravitational potential of the Sun. The limit at which wave dark matter behaves similar to particle dark matter is also discussed.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAPRD(2022)·40 citations
  11. 11*

    SymmetryGAN: Symmetry Discovery with Deep Learning

    Krish Desai🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸

    What are the symmetries of a dataset? Whereas the symmetries of an individual data element can be characterized by its invariance under various transformations, the symmetries of an ensemble of data elements are ambiguous due to Jacobian factors introduced while changing coordinates. In this paper, we provide a rigorous statistical definition of the symmetries of a dataset, which involves inertial reference densities, in analogy to inertial frames in classical mechanics. We then propose SymmetryGAN as a novel and powerful approach to automatically discover symmetries using a deep learning method based on generative adversarial networks (GANs). When applied to Gaussian examples, SymmetryGAN shows excellent empirical performance, in agreement with expectations from the analytic loss landscape. SymmetryGAN is then applied to simulated dijet events from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to demonstrate the potential utility of this method in high energy collider physics applications. Going beyond symmetry discovery, we consider procedures to infer the underlying symmetry group from empirical data.

    hep-phphysics.data-anPRD(2022)·34 citations
  12. 12*

    Unifying baryogenesis with dark matter production

    Orlando Luongo🇮🇹 · Nicola Marcantognini🇮🇹 · Marco Muccino🇰🇿

    We here propose a mechanism that predicts, at early times, both baryon asymmetry and dark matter origin and that recovers the spontaneous baryogenesis during the reheating. Working with -invariant quark and lepton effective fields, with an interacting term that couples the evolution of Universe's environment field , we require a spontaneous symmetry breaking and get a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson . The pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson speeds the Universe up during inflation, playing the role of inflaton, enabling baryogenesis to occur. Thus, in a quasi-static approximation over , we impressively find both baryon and dark matter quasi-particle production rates, unifying \emph{de facto} the two scenarios. Moreover, we outline particle mixing and demonstrate dark matter takes over baryons. Presupposing that field energy density dominates as baryogenesis stops and employing recent limits on reheating temperature, we get numerical bounds over dark matter constituent, showing that the most likely dark matter boson would be consistent with MeV-scale mass candidates. Finally, we briefly underline our predictions are suitable to explain the the low-energy electron recoil event excess between and ~keV found by the \texttt{XENON1T} collaboration.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thGen.Rel.Grav.(2023)·15 citations
  13. 13*

    How to search for Mirror Stars with Gaia

    Aaron Howe🇨🇦 · Jack Setford🇨🇦 · David Curtin🇨🇦 · Christopher D. Matzner🇨🇦

    We show for the first time how to conduct a direct search for dark matter using Gaia observations. Its public astrometric data may contain the signals of mirror stars, exotic compact objects made of atomic dark matter with a tiny kinetic mixing between the dark and SM photon. Mirror stars capture small amounts of interstellar material in their cores, leading to characteristic optical/IR and X-ray emissions. We develop the detailed pipeline for conducting a mirror star search using data from Gaia and other stellar catalogues, and demonstrate our methodology by conducting a search for toy mirror stars with a simplified calculation of their optical/IR emissions over a wide range of mirror star and hidden sector parameters. We also obtain projected exclusion bounds on the abundance and properties of mirror stars if no candidates are found, demonstrating that Gaia is a new and uniquely powerful probe of atomic dark matter. Our study provides the blueprint for a realistic mirror star search that includes a more complete treatment of the captured interstellar gas in the future.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRJHEP(2022)·21 citations
  14. 14*

    Magic Zeroes and Hidden Symmetries

    Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Isabel Garcia Garcia🇺🇸 · Arkady Vainshtein🇺🇸 · Zhengkang Zhang🇺🇸

    Selection rules arising from accidental or broken symmetries may be sufficiently obscure that their agency is hidden, leading to the appearance of "magic zeroes" -- quantities that are suppressed without apparent recourse to a symmetry explanation. Magic zeroes and their corresponding hidden symmetries may shed new light on parametric hierarchies in the Standard Model and beyond. We identify the hidden symmetry responsible for a recently-discovered magic zero, the vanishing of the putative leading contribution to the anomalous dipole moments of the muon upon integrating out weak doublet and singlet vector-like fermions. Some of the tools involved -- spurion analysis leveraging discrete symmetries of the free theory, field redefinitions, spectator fields, and non-supersymmetric non-renormalization theorems -- may prove useful in the hunt for new magic zeroes and their hidden symmetries.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·21 citations
  15. 15*

    Relaxing inflation models with non-minimal coupling: A general study

    Tatsuki Kodama🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵

    We investigate the predictions of inflation models with a non-minimal coupling to gravity for inflationary observables such as the spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio in a general setting. We argue that, depending on the relation between the Jordan frame potential and a function characterizing the non-minimal coupling, one can classify the model into three categories each of which gives distinctive predictions for the inflationary observables. We derive general predictions for each class and also investigate some explicit models to discuss how the general features arise. Our results would be useful to design an inflation model consistent with observational constraints with a non-minimal coupling to gravity.

    astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·23 citations
  16. 16*

    The Spectra of IceCube Neutrino (SIN) candidate sources -- II. Source Characterisation

    P. Padovani🇩🇪 · P. Giommi🇮🇹 · R. Falomo🇮🇹 · F. Oikonomou🇳🇴 · M. Petropoulou🇬🇷 · T. Glauch🇩🇪 · E. Resconi🇩🇪 · A. Treves🇮🇹 · S. Paiano🇮🇹

    Eight years after the first detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos by IceCube we are still almost clueless as regards to their origin, although the case for blazars being neutrino sources is getting stronger. After the first significant association at the level in time and space with IceCube neutrinos, i.e. the blazar TXS 0506+056 at , some of us have in fact selected a unique sample of 47 blazars, out of which could be associated with individual neutrino track events detected by IceCube. Building upon our recent spectroscopy work on these objects, here we characterise them to determine their real nature and check if they are different from the rest of the blazar population. For the first time we also present a systematic study of the frequency of masquerading BL Lacs, i.e. flat-spectrum radio quasars with their broad lines swamped by non-thermal jet emission, in a -ray- and IceCube-selected sample, finding a fraction 24 per cent and possibly as high as 80 per cent. In terms of their broad-band properties, our sources appear to be indistinguishable from the rest of the blazar population. We also discuss two theoretical scenarios for neutrino emission, one in which neutrinos are produced in interactions of protons with jet photons and one in which the target photons are from the broad line region. Both scenarios can equally account for the neutrino-blazar correlation observed by some of us. Future observations with neutrino telescopes and X-ray satellites will test them out.

    astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GAhep-exhep-phMNRAS(2022)·37 citations
  17. 17*

    Non-perturbative thermal QCD at all temperatures: the case of mesonic screening masses

    Mattia Dalla Brida🇨🇭 · Leonardo Giusti🇮🇹 · Tim Harris🇬🇧 · Davide Laudicina🇮🇹 · Michele Pepe🇮🇹

    We present a strategy based on the step-scaling technique to study non-perturbatively thermal QCD up to very high temperatures. As a first concrete application, we compute the flavour non-singlet meson screening masses at 12 temperatures covering the range from GeV up to GeV in the theory with three massless quarks. The calculation is carried out by Monte Carlo simulations on the lattice by considering large spatial extensions in order to have negligible finite volume effects. For each temperature we have simulated 3 or 4 values of the lattice spacing, so as to perform the continuum limit extrapolation with confidence at a few permille accuracy. Chiral symmetry restoration manifests itself in our results through the degeneracy of the vector and the axial vector channels and of the scalar and the pseudoscalar ones. In the entire range of temperatures explored, the meson screening masses deviate from the free theory result, , by at most a few percent. These deviations, however, cannot be explained by the known leading term in the QCD coupling constant up to the highest temperature, where other contributions are still very relevant. In particular the vector-pseudoscalar mass splitting turns out to be of in the entire range explored, and it remains clearly visible up to the highest temperature, where the two screening masses are still significantly different within our numerical precision. The pattern of different contributions that we have found explains why it has been difficult in the past to match non-perturbative lattice results at GeV with the analytic behaviour at asymptotically high temperatures.

    hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thJHEP(2022)·50 citations
  18. 18*

    Localization at the quenched SU(3) phase transition

    Tamas G. Kovacs (Eotvos U. and Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.)🇭🇺

    It is known that the deconfining transition of QCD is accompanied by the appearance of localized eigenmodes at the low end of the Dirac spectrum. In the quenched case localization appears exactly at the critical temperature of deconfinement. In the present work, using quenched simulations exactly at the critical temperature, we show that the localization properties of low Dirac modes change abruptly between the confined and deconfined phase. This means that in the real Polyakov loop sector, the mobility edge has a discontinuity at the critical temperature. In contrast, in the complex sector, there is no such discontinuity at , even the lowest Dirac modes remain delocalized at the critical temperature in the deconfined phase.

    hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2022)·9 citations
  19. 19*

    First Lattice QCD Study of Proton Twist-3 GPDs

    Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Krzysztof Cichy🇵🇱 · Martha Constantinou🇺🇸 · Jack Dodson🇸🇪 · Andreas Metz🇺🇸 · Aurora Scapellato🇺🇸 · Fernanda Steffens🇩🇪

    We present first results on selected twist-3 quark GPDs using the quasi-distribution method. This approach relates lattice QCD data and light-cone distribution functions using Large Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). We calculate quark-antiquark correlators of boosted nucleons coupled to non-local operators with vector and axial Dirac structure, which is transverse to the momentum boost. We use three values of the momentum boost, namely 0.83, 1.25, 1.67 GeV. The GPDs are defined in the symmetric (Breit) frame, which we implement here with 4-vector momentum transfer squared of 0, 0.69 and 1.39 GeV 2 , all at zero skewness. The calculation is performed using one ensemble of two degenerate light, a strange and a charm quark ( = 2 + 1 + 1) of maximally twisted mass fermions with a clover term, corresponding to a pion mass of 260 MeV.

    hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2022)·25 citations
  20. 20*

    Hybrid stars from a constrained equation of state

    Márcio Ferreira🇵🇹 · Renan Câmara Pereira🇵🇹 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    We determine, within a meta-model, the properties of the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS) that allow for a phase transition to deconfinement matter. It is shown that the properties that define the isoscalar channel are the ones that are affected, in particular, a phase transition implies much larger values of the skewness and kurtosis. The effect of multi-quark interaction channels in the description of the quark phase in hybrid stars is also studied. NS properties, such as the mass and radius of the quark core, show an interplay dependence between the 8-quark vector and the 4-quark isovector-vector interactions. We show that low mass NS, , may already contain a quark core, and satisfy all existing NS observational constraints. We discuss the strangeness content of the quark core and its influence on the speed of sound.

    nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·2 citations
  21. 21*

    Determination of the symmetry energy from the neutron star equation of state

    Pedro Barata de Tovar🇵🇹 · Márcio Ferreira🇵🇹 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    We analyze the uncertainties introduced in the determination of the neutron star matter proton fraction, in a range of densities close to the saturation density, if the cold -equilibrium neutron star matter equation of state (EoS) is known. In particular, we discuss the effect of neglecting the muon contribution and of considering that the energy density of nuclear matter is well described by taking only terms until second order in the proton-neutron asymmetry. It is shown that two types of uncertainties may be associated with the extraction of the symmetry energy from the -equilibrium equation of state: an overestimation if terms above the parabolic approximation on the asymmetry parameter are neglected, or an underestimation if the muon contribution is not considered. The effect of the uncertainty on the symmetric nuclear matter EoS on the determination of the proton fraction is discussed. It could be shown that the neutron star mass-radius curve is sensitive to the parabolic approximation on the asymmetry parameter.

    nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2021)·23 citations
  22. 22*

    Inflationary flavor oscillations and the cosmic spectroscopy

    Lucas Pinol🇪🇸 · Shuntaro Aoki🇰🇷 · Sébastien Renaux-Petel🇫🇷 · Masahide Yamaguchi🇯🇵

    Inflationary scenarios motivated by high-energy physics generically contain a plethora of degrees of freedom beyond the primordial curvature perturbation. The latter interacts in a simple way with what we name "inflationary flavor eigenstates", which differ, in general, from freely propagating "mass eigenstates". We show that the mixing between these misaligned states results in new striking behaviors in the squeezed limit of the curvature perturbation three-point function, depending not only on the mass spectrum but also on the "mixing angles" of the theory. These results bring about a new perspective on the cosmological collider program: contrary to a widespread belief, the primordial signal needs not be dominated by the lightest extra degree of freedom. Instead, we show that it may display either modulated oscillations, a broken power law, or a transition from oscillations to a power law, thus offering a detailed cosmic spectroscopy of the particle content of inflation.

    hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·62 citations
  23. 23*

    Axion cloud evaporation during inspiral of black hole binaries -- the effects of backreaction and radiation

    Takuya Takahashi🇯🇵 · Hidetoshi Omiya🇯🇵 · Takahiro Tanaka🇯🇵

    Ultralight scalar fields such as axions can form clouds around rotating black holes (BHs) by the superradiant instability. It is important to consider the evolution of clouds associated with BH binaries for the detectability of the presence of clouds through gravitational wave signals and observations of the mass and spin parameters of BHs. We re-examine the impact on the axion cloud due to the tidal perturbation from the companion in a binary system taking into account the following points. First, we study the influence of higher-multipole moments. Second, we consider the backreaction due to the angular momentum transfer between the cloud and the orbital motion. This angular momentum transfer further causes the backreaction to the hyperfine split through the change in geometry. Finally, we calculate the particle number flux to the infinity induced by the tidal interaction. As a result, we found that the scalar field is not reabsorbed by the BH. Instead, the scalar particles are radiated away to evaporate during the inspiral, irrespectively of the direction of the orbital motion, for almost equal mass binaries.

    gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPTEP(2022)·53 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.