Tue·Dec 14, 2021Tuesday·December 14, 2021

1. 01*

   $K\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ beyond the standard model

   Avital Dery🇺🇸 · Mitrajyoti Ghosh🇺🇸

   We analyze the New Physics sensitivity of a recently proposed method to measure the CP-violating $\mathcal{B}(K_S\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{)}_{\ell =0}$ decay rate using $K_S-K_L$ interference. We present our findings both in a model-independent EFT approach as well as within several simple NP scenarios. We discuss the relation with associated observables, most notably $\mathcal{B}(K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu })$. We find that simple NP models can significantly enhance $\mathcal{B}(K_S\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{)}_{\ell =0}$, making this mode a very promising probe of physics beyond the standard model in the kaon sector.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·16 citations
2. 02*

   The study of double-charm and double-strange tetraquarks

   Yuheng Wu · Xin Jin · Runxin Liu · Hongxia Huang · Jialun Ping

   In the framework of the quark delocalization color screening model (QDCSM), we systematically investigate the double-charm and double-strange tetraquark systems $cc\bar{s}\bar{s}$ with two structures: meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark. The bound-state calculation shows that there is no any bound state in present work. However, by applying a stabilization calculation and coupling all channels of both two structures, two new resonance states with $I{J}^P=00^{+}$ are obtained. One is more possible to be a molecular resonance state with a mass and width around $4256$ MeV and $60$ MeV, respectively; another one is more likely to be a compact resonance state with a mass and width around $4308$ MeV and $19$ MeV, respectively. Although no significant signals were observed in present experiment at the Belle collaboration, there is still some structures around $4.3$ GeV in the distributions of $M_{D_s^{+}{D}_s^{+}}$ and $M_{D_s^{\ast +}{D}_s^{\ast +}}$. We suggest that the experiment can be further tested with a larger amount of data.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·14 citations
3. 03*

   On the use of the Operator Product Expansion in finite-energy sum rules for light-quark correlators

   Diogo Boito🇧🇷 · Maarten Golterman🇺🇸 · Kim Maltman🇨🇦 · Santiago Peris🇪🇸

   Tau-based finite-energy sum-rule (FESR) analyses often assume that scales $s_0\sim m_{\tau }^2$ are large enough that (i) integrated duality violations (DVs) can be neglected, and (ii) contributions from non-perturbative OPE condensates of dimension $D$ scale as $({\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}/m_{\tau }{)}^D$, allowing the OPE series to be truncated at low dimension. The latter assumption is not necessarily valid since the OPE series is not convergent, while the former is open to question given experimental results for the electromagnetic, $I=1$ vector ($V$), $I=1$ axial vector ($A$) and $I=1$ $V+A$ current spectral functions, which show DV oscillations with amplitudes comparable in size to the corresponding ${\alpha }_s$-dependent perturbative contributions at $s\sim 2-3$ GeV${}^2$. Here, we discuss recently introduced new tools for assessing the numerical relevance of omitted higher-$D$ OPE contributions. Applying these to the ``truncated OPE'' strategy used in Refs.[1,2] and earlier work by the same authors, we find that this strategy fails to yield reliable results for the strong coupling from hadronic $\tau$ decays.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2025)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transition in a model with light sgoldstinos

   S. Demidov🇷🇺 · D. Gorbunov🇷🇺 · E. Kriukova🇷🇺

   We study previously unexplored possibility of triggering the first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) by interactions of the Standard Model (SM) particles with the sector responsible for low scale supersymmetry breaking. The low-energy theory apart from the SM particles contains additional scalar degrees of freedom -- sgoldstinos -- which contribute to the effective scalar potential and thus can trigger the first order EWPT. Remarkably, the latter requires only moderate couplings in the scalar sector. The perturbative description in terms of the effective theory seems formally to be applicable upto the scale of supersymmetry breaking: the Landau pole in the scalar sector is above $10^8$-$10^9$ GeV. We calculate the gravitational wave signal generated at this transition (it can be tested, e.g. by LISA, BBO and DECIGO) and briefly discuss the collider phenomenology of this scenario.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·9 citations
5. 05*

   Rare decays of the $B_s-$meson into four charged leptons in the framework of the Standard Model

   A. V. Danilina🇷🇺 · N. V. Nikitin🇷🇺

   In the framework of the Standard Model we present new theoretical predictions for the branching ratios, double and single differential distributions and forward -- backward leptonic asymmetries for the ${\bar{B}}_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ decay. In our consideration we take into account the $\varphi (1020)$ -- resonance contribution; the main contributions of four charmonium resonances : $\psi (3770)$, $\psi (4040)$, $\psi (4160)$ and $\psi (4415)$; $u\bar{u}$ -- resonant contribution from $\rho (770)$ and $\omega (782)$; tails contributions from $J/\psi$ and $\psi (2S)$ resonances; non -- resonant contribution of the $b\bar{b}$ - pairs, bremsstrahlung and the contribution of the weak annihilation. We provide the prediction for the branching ratio of ${\bar{B}}_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ decay with and without the $\varphi (1020)$ -- resonance contribution. We use the model of vector meson dominance (VMD) for calculation of resonances contributions and take into account all substantive terms in ${\bar{B}}_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ amplitude that was not considered in the previously papers.

   hep-phPhys.Scripta(2022)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Comment on "Supersoft Top Squarks"

   Radovan Dermisek🇺🇸

   It is shown that the mechanism to soften contributions of top squarks to the Higgs mass, discussed in "Supersoft Top Squarks", Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, no.15, 151801 (2020), is very similar, with identical result in the leading order, to the one discussed previously by the author in "Loop Suppressed Electroweak Symmetry Breaking", Phys. Rev. D 95, no.1, 015002 (2017). More general forms of Yukawa and soft mass squared matrices providing the same effect are also discussed.

   hep-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Toward diagnosing neutrino non-unitarity through CP phase correlations

   Hisakazu Minakata🇺🇸

   We discuss correlations between the $\nu$SM CP phase $\delta$ and the phases that originate from new physics which causes neutrino-sector unitarity violation (UV) at low energies. This study is motivated to provide one of the building pieces for a machinery to diagnose non-unitarity, our ultimate goal. We extend the perturbation theory of neutrino oscillation in matter proposed by Denton {\it et al.}~(DMP) to include the UV effect expressed by the $\alpha$ parametrization. By analyzing the DMP-UV perturbation theory to first order, we are able to draw a completed picture of the $\delta$ - UV phase correlations in the whole kinematical region covered by the terrestrial neutrino experiments. There exist the two regions with the characteristically different patterns of the correlations: (1) the chiral-type $[e^{-i\delta }{\alpha }_{\mu e},e^{-i\delta }{\alpha }_{\tau e},{\alpha }_{\tau \mu }]$ (PDG convention) correlation in the entire high-energy region $|\rho E|\text{gsim}6({\text{g/cm}}^3)$ GeV, and (2) (blobs of the $\alpha$ parameters) - $e^{\pm i\delta }$ correlation in anywhere else. Some relevant aspects for measurement of the UV parameters, such as the necessity of determining all the ${\alpha }_{\beta \gamma }$ elements at once, are also pointed out.

   hep-phPTEP(2022)·6 citations
8. 08*

   The Status of ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ Baryon: investigating quark-diquark model

   Halil Mutuk🇹🇷

   Inspired by the discovery of the doubly-charmed and doubly-charged ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ baryon, in this present work, we investigate spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 mass spectra and magnetic moments of $ccu$ baryon in quark-diquark model with a nonrelativistic potential. In the quark-diquark picture, the three-body problem of the $ccu$ baryon is reduced to the two-body bound state problem. We obtained ground and radially excited mass spectra and magnetic moments of the ground state. Ground state mass spectra agree well with the results in the literature, especially with lattice QCD computations. Predictions for the magnetic moment are compatible with the literature. According to our results, $cu$ diquark clustering in the ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ baryon is more favorable than the $cc$ diquark clustering.

   hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.Plus(2022)·24 citations
9. 09*

   New analyses of event shape observables in electron-positron annihilation and the determination of ${\alpha }_s$ running behavior in perturbative domain

   Sheng-Quan Wang🇨🇳 · Chao-Qin Luo🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Leonardo Di Giustino🇮🇹

   In this paper, we give comprehensive analyses for event shape observables in electron-positron annihilation by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) which is a rigorous scale-setting method to eliminate the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in perturbative QCD predictions. Conventionally the renormalization scale and theoretical uncertainties in event shape observables are often evaluated by setting the scale to the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$. The event shape distributions using this conventional scale setting are plagued by the large renormalization scale uncertainty and underestimate the experimental data. Moreover, since the renormalization scale is simply fixed to the center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$, only one value of the coupling ${\alpha }_s$ at the single scale $\sqrt{s}$ can be extracted. In contrast, the PMC renormalization scales are determined by absorbing the nonconformal $\beta$ contributions that govern the behavior of the running coupling via the Renormalization Group Equation (RGE). The resulting PMC scales change with event shape kinematics, reflecting the virtuality of the underlying quark and gluon subprocess. The PMC scales thus yield the correct physical behavior of the scale and the PMC predictions agree with precise event shape distributions measured at the LEP experiment. More importantly, we can precisely determine the running of the QCD coupling constant ${\alpha }_s(Q^2)$ over a wide range of $Q^2$ in perturbative domain from event shape distributions measured at a single center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·12 citations
10. 10*

    Radiative Correction to Lepton Proton Scatterings in Manifestly Lorentz-Invariant Chiral Perturbation Theory

    Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Qu-Zhi Li🇨🇳 · Han-Qing Zheng🇨🇳

    Manifestly Lorentz-invariant baryon chiral perturbation theory is used to calculate the radiative correction of low energy elastic lepton proton scatterings. Corrections of differential cross section and charge asymmetry are given at chiral next-to-leading order $(\mathcal{O}(p^2))$ with a nonzero lepton mass, which are infrared and ultraviolet finite. The results are basically consistent with previous predictions based on hadron model calculation, but they are somewhat different from calculations based on heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, especially in charge asymmetry.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2022)·11 citations
11. 11*

    Studying the potential of QQq at finite temperature in a holographic model

    Xun Chen🇨🇳 · Bo Yu🇨🇳 · Peng-Cheng Chu🇨🇳 · Xiao-hua Li🇨🇳

    Using the gauge/gravity duality, we investigate the string breaking and dissolution of two heavy quarks coupled to a light quark at finite temperature. It is found that there exist three configurations of QQq with the increase of separate distance for heavy quarks in the confined phase. Besides, the string breaking occurs at the distance $L_{\mathrm{QQq}}=1.27\mathrm{fm}$($T=0.1\mathrm{GeV}$) for the decay mode $\mathrm{QQq}\to \mathrm{Qqq}+\mathrm{Q}\bar{\mathrm{q}}$. In the deconfined phase, QQq will melt at a certain distance then becomes free quarks. At last, we compare the potential of QQq with that of $\mathrm{Q}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}$ and find $\mathrm{Q}\bar{\mathrm{Q}}$ is more stable than QQq at high temperature.

    hep-phCPC(2022)·14 citations
12. 12*

    Electromagnetic form factors of neutron and neutral stange hyperons in the oscillating view of point

    An-Xin Dai🇨🇳 · Zhong-Yi Li🇨🇳 · Lei Chang🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

    Based on the recently precise measurements of the electron-positron annihilation reactions into a neutron and anti-neutron pair by BESIII collaboration, the effective form factor of neutron was determined in the time like region, and it was found that the effective form factor of neutron is smaller than the ones of proton. The effective form factors of neutron shows a periodic behaviour, similar to the case of proton. Here, a compared analysis for $\Lambda$, ${\Sigma }^0$ and ${\Xi }^0$ is performed. Fits of the available data on the effective form factors of $\Lambda$, ${\Sigma }^0$ and ${\Xi }^0$ with charge zero, allow to show a universal phenomenon of the oscillation behavior in their effective form factors. However, this needs to be confirmed by future precise experiments. Both theoretical and experimental investigations of this phenomenon can shed light on the reaction mechanisms of the electron-positron annihilation process.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thCPC(2022)·16 citations
13. 13*

    Probing parton saturation and the gluon dipole via diffractive jet production at the Electron-Ion Collider

    E. Iancu🇫🇷 · A.H. Mueller🇺🇸 · D.N. Triantafyllopoulos🇮🇹

    We demonstrate that hard dijet production via coherent inelastic diffraction is a promising channel for probing gluon saturation at the Electron-Ion Collider. By $inelastic$ diffraction we mean a process in which the two hard jets - a quark-antiquark pair generated by the decay of the virtual photon - are accompanied by a softer gluon jet, emitted by the quark or the antiquark. This process can be described as the elastic scattering of an effective gluon-gluon dipole. The cross section takes a factorised form, between a hard factor and a unintegrated ("Pomeron") gluon distribution describing the transverse momentum imbalance between the hard dijets. The dominant contribution comes from the black disk limit and leads to a dijet imbalance of the order of the target saturation momentum $Q_s$ evaluated at the rapidity gap. Integrating out the dijet imbalance, we obtain a collinear factorization where the initial condition for the DGLAP evolution is set by gluon saturation.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRL(2022)·69 citations
14. 14*

    Anticharmed strange pentaquarks from the one-boson-exchange model

    Nijiati Yalikun🇨🇳 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

    Inspired by the LHCb's discovery of hidden-charm pentaquarks, the anticharmed strange pentaquarks $P_{\bar{c}s}$ in a favor of the hadronic molecule picture are investigated from the one-boson-exchange model. Similar to the hidden-charm pentaquarks, three molecular bound states, one with spin parity $J^P=1/2^{-}$ below the $\bar{D}\Sigma$ threshold and another two with $J^P=\{1/2^{-},3/2^{-}\}$ below the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }\Sigma$ threshold, are predicted at $3-3.2$ GeV mass region. The mass ordering of the later two states can be interchanged by different reductions of the $\delta (r)$ term. Furthermore, resonances associated with these three bound states are examined by considering $D_s^{-}N-\bar{D}\Lambda -\bar{D}\Sigma -{\bar{D}}^{\ast }\Lambda -{\bar{D}}^{\ast }\Sigma$ coupled-channel dynamics, and decay widths of them are predicted. Our study indicates that the $D_s^{-}p$ invariant mass spectrum in the ${\bar{B}}_s^0\to \bar{n}{D}_s^{-}p$ decay is an appropriate place to detect the $P_{\bar{c}s}$ pentaquarks.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2022)·26 citations
15. 15*

    Direct Detection of Spin-Dependent Sub-GeV Dark Matter via Migdal Effect

    Wenyu Wang🇨🇳 · Ke-Yun Wu🇨🇳 · Lei Wu🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳

    Motivated by the current strong constraints on the spin-independent dark matter (DM)-nucleus scattering, we investigate the spin-dependent (SD) interactions of the light Majorana DM with the nucleus mediated by an axial-vector boson. Due to the small nucleus recoil energy, the ionization signals have now been used to probe the light dark matter particles in direct detection experiments. With the existing ionization data, we derive the exclusion limits on the SD DM-nucleus scattering through Migdal effect in the MeV-GeV DM mass range. It is found that the lower limit of the DM mass can reach about several MeVs. Due to the momentum transfer correction induced by the light mediator, the bounds on the SD DM-nucleus scattering cross sections can be weakened in comparison with the heavy mediator.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exNPB(2022)·44 citations
16. 16*

    Dynamical generation of scalar mass in two Higgs doublet model under Yukawa interactions

    Tajdar Mufti🇵🇰

    Light scalars are among the expected particles in nature. If they indeed exist, dynamical generation of masses becomes an important phenomenon to investigate in scalar interactions. A two Higgs doublet model containing two complex doublet scalar fields, conveniently called the standard model Higgs and the second Higgs fields, is studied to explore the extent of dynamical mass generation and the field propagators in the model at different cutoff values. Both Higgs fields are coupled with each other by a real singlet scalar field through a modelled Yukawa interaction. The model is studied for various renormalized masses of the second Higgs field at various coupling strength. The renormalized mass of the standard model Higgs boson is kept at $125.09$ GeV. The model has strong indication of existence of critical coupling below $10^{-3}$ GeV. The observed dynamical masses are generally within $200$ MeV. The two Higgs propagators are found to be considerably stable compared to scalar singlet propagators despite cutoff effects. No phase structure in the parameter space was observed. The model is found non-trivial.

    hep-ph0 citations
17. 17*

    Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of a quark at one loop in light-front Hamiltonian QCD

    Jai More🇮🇳 · Asmita Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Sreeraj Nair🇨🇳 · Sudeep Saha🇮🇳

    We calculate the gravitational form factors (GFFs) and pressure, shear and energy distributions for a quark state dressed with a gluon at one loop in QCD. We use the light-front Hamiltonian approach. In the light-front gauge, we use a two-component formalism to eliminate the constrained fields. The state may be thought of as a perturbative model for a relativistic spin $1/2$ composite system having a gluonic degree of freedom. We compare the results with model calculations for a nucleon.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·26 citations
18. 18*

    Hadron Collider Probes of the Quartic Couplings of Gluons to the Photon and $Z$ Boson

    John Ellis🇬🇧 · Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Kai Ma🇨🇳

    We explore the experimental sensitivities of measuring the $gg\to Z\gamma$ process at the LHC to the dimension-8 quartic couplings of gluon pairs to the $Z$ boson and photon, in addition to comparing them with the analogous sensitivities in the $gg\to \gamma \gamma$ process. These processes can both receive contributions from 4 different CP-conserving dimension-8 operators with distinct Lorentz structures that contain a pair of gluon field strengths, ${\hat{G}}_{\mu \nu }^a$, and a pair of electroweak SU(2) gauge field strengths, $W_{\mu \nu }^i$, as well as 4 similar operators containing a pair of ${\hat{G}}_{\mu \nu }^a$ and a pair of U(1) gauge field strengths, $B_{\mu \nu }$. We calculate the scattering angular distributions for $gg\to Z\gamma$ and the $Z\to \bar{f}f$ decay angular distributions for these 4 Lorentz structures, as well as the Standard Model background. We analyze the sensitivity of ATLAS measurements of the $Z(\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-},\bar{\nu }\nu ,\bar{q}q)\gamma$ final states with integrated luminosities up to 139 fb${}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, showing that they exclude values $\lesssim 2$ TeV for the dimension-8 operator scales, and compare the $Z\gamma$ sensitivity with that of an ATLAS measurement of the $\gamma \gamma$ final state. We present combined $Z\gamma$ and $\gamma \gamma$ constraints on the scales of dimension-8 SMEFT operators and $\gamma \gamma$ constraints on the nonlinearity scale of the Born-Infeld extension of the Standard Model. We also estimate the sensitivities to dimension-8 operators of experiments at possible future proton-proton colliders with centre-of-mass energies of 25, 50 and 100 TeV, and discuss possible measurements of the $Z$ spin and angular correlations.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·17 citations
19. 19*

    CP-violation in oscillations of three neutrino generations: the case of degenerate masses

    E. K. Karkaryan🇷🇺

    CP-symmetry violates in oscillations of neutrinos in vacuum in presence of three generations. In this case there is an inherent complex phase in PMNS-matrix. When any two neutrino masses degenerate the CP-violation vanishes. In the present article different mechanisms of CP-symmetry recovery are demonstrated in case of two degenerate neutrino mass-states.

    hep-phhep-exPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2021)·0 citations
20. 20*

    Matching next-to-leading-order and high-energy-resummed calculations of heavy-quarkonium-hadroproduction cross sections

    Jean-Philippe Lansberg🇫🇷 · Maxim Nefedov🇫🇷 · Melih A. Ozcelik🇫🇷

    The energy dependence of the total hadroproduction cross section of pseudo-scalar quarkonia is computed via matching Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) Collinear-Factorisation (CF) results with resummed higher-order corrections, proportional to ${\alpha }_s^n{\ln }^{n-1}(1/z)$, to the CF hard-scattering coefficient, where $z=M^2/\hat{s}$ with $M$ and $\hat{s}$ being the quarkonium mass and the partonic center-of-mass energy squared. The resummation is performed using High-Energy Factorisation (HEF) in the Doubly-Logarithmic (DL) approximation, which is a subset of the leading logarithmic $\ln (1/z)$ approximation. Doing so, one remains strictly consistent with the NLO and NNLO DGLAP evolution of the PDFs. By improving the treatment of the small-$z$ asymptotics of the CF coefficient function, the resummation cures the unphysical results of the NLO CF calculation. The matching is directly performed in the $z$-space and, for the first time, by using the Inverse-Error Weighting (InEW) matching procedure. As a by-product of the calculation, the NNLO term of the CF hard-scattering coefficient proportional to ${\alpha }_s^2\ln (1/z)$ is predicted from HEF.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·28 citations
21. 21*

    Revisiting PS191 limits on sterile neutrinos

    Dmitry Gorbunov🇷🇺 · Igor Krasnov🇷🇺 · Sergey Suvorov🇷🇺

    We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the sterile neutrino signal at the fixed target experiment PS191 operated on a proton beam of 19.2\,GeV at CERN in the eighties. We find that the strongest bounds the PS191 could obtain are significantly lower than what they published, and now are obsolete being surpassed by recent T2K, NA62, E949, TRIUMF and PIENU experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2022)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Jet quenching in glasma

    Margaret E. Carrington🇨🇦 · Alina Czajka🇵🇱 · Stanislaw Mrowczynski🇵🇱

    We discuss the transverse momentum broadening of hard probes traversing an evolving glasma, which is the earliest phase of the matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The coefficient $\hat{q}$ is calculated using the Fokker-Planck equation, and an expansion in the proper time $\tau$ which is applied to describe the temporal evolution of the glasma. The correlators of the chromodynamic fields that determine the Fokker-Planck collision term, which in turn provides $\hat{q}$, are computed to fifth order in $\tau$. The momentum broadening is shown to rapidly grow in time and reach a magnitude of several $\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^2/fm$. We show that the transient pre-equilibrium phase provides a contribution to the energy loss of hard probes which is comparable to that of the long lasting, hydrodynamically evolving, equilibrium phase.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2022)·68 citations
23. 23*

    Loop induced $h\to \gamma \gamma ,Z\gamma ,gg$ decays in 3-Higgs doublet models

    Emine Yildirim🇹🇷

    In this paper, we analyze the loop induced decays of neutral Higgs boson $h$ into pairs of photons, gluons, and Z$\gamma$ in 3-Higgs Doublet Models (3HDMs), where all the doublets have non-zero vacuum expectation values. In the 3HDM, there are contributions to these decays from loops of charged scalars $H_{1,2}^{\pm }$ that are not present in the Standard Model. We find an enhancement in the channel $h\to Z\gamma$ with respect to the Standard Model prediction in some parameter region while respecting constraints from the measurements of $h\to \gamma \gamma$ at the LHC. The charged Higgs bosons $H_{1,2}^{\pm }$ lead to the enhancement of $Z\gamma$ decay mode in some part of the parameter space of the 3HDM. Then, we discuss the correlations between the decay modes $h\to Z\gamma$ and $h\to \gamma \gamma$. Moreover, we study Type-I and Type-Z of 3HDMs and find that these types of 3HDMs can be distinguished via only the gluonic decays, since the contributions of the $H_{1,2}^{\pm }$ loops are dominant to those of fermion loops. We also investigate the effects of the model parameters on these loop induced decays. As an interesting phenomenological consequence, the 3HDM is dominantly governed by the parameters: two ratios of vacuum expectation values (VEVs); $\tan \gamma ,\tan \beta$ and the mixing angles of the CP-even Higgs bosons, ${\alpha }_{1,2}\text{and}\theta$.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·2 citations
24. 24*

    Diffractive longitudinal structure function at the Electron Ion Collider

    Nestor Armesto🇪🇸 · Paul R. Newman🇬🇧 · Wojciech Slominski🇵🇱 · Anna M. Stasto🇺🇸

    Possibilities for the measurement of the longitudinal structure function in diffraction $F_{\mathrm{L}}^{\mathrm{D}}$ at the future US Electron Ion Collider are investigated. The sensitivity to $F_{\mathrm{L}}^{\mathrm{D}}$ arises from the variation of the reduced diffractive cross section with centre-of-mass energy. Simulations are performed with various sets of beam energy combinations and for different assumptions on the precision of the diffractive cross section measurements. Scenarios compatible with current EIC performance expectations lead to an unprecedented precision on $F_{\mathrm{L}}^{\mathrm{D}}$ at the 5-10 % level in the best measured regions. While scenarios with data at a larger number of centre-of-mass energies allow the extraction of $F_{\mathrm{L}}^{\mathrm{D}}$ in the widest kinematic domain and with the smallest uncertainties, even the more conservative assumptions lead to precise measurements. The ratio $R^{\mathrm{D}}$ of photoabsorption cross sections for longitudinally to transversely polarised photons can also be obtained with high precision using a separate extraction method.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRD(2022)·8 citations
25. 25*

    Singlet-Doublet Self-interacting Dark Matter and Radiative Neutrino Mass

    Debasish Borah (1)🇮🇳 · Manoranjan Dutta (2)🇮🇳 · Satyabrata Mahapatra (2)🇮🇳 · Narendra Sahu (2) ((1) Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, (2) Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad)🇮🇳

    Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with a light mediator is a promising scenario to alleviate the small-scale problems of the cold dark matter paradigm while being consistent with the latter at large scales, as suggested by astrophysical observations. This, however, leads to an under-abundant SIDM relic due to large annihilation rates into mediator particles, often requiring an extension of the simplest thermal or non-thermal relic generation mechanism. In this work, we consider a singlet-doublet fermion dark matter scenario where the singlet fermion with a light scalar mediator gives rise to the velocity-dependent dark matter self-interaction through a Yukawa type attractive potential. The doublet fermion, by virtue of its tiny mixing with the singlet, can be long-lived and can provide a non-thermal contribution to the singlet relic at late epochs, filling the deficit in the thermal relic of singlet SIDM. The light scalar mediator, due to its mixing with the standard model Higgs, paves the path for detecting such SIDM at terrestrial laboratories leading to constraints on model parameters from CRESST-III and XENON1T experiments. Enlarging the dark sector particles by two more singlet fermions and one scalar doublet, all odd under an unbroken ${\mathcal{Z}}_2$ symmetry can also explain non-zero neutrino mass in scotogenic fashion.

    hep-phPRD(2022)·31 citations
26. 26*

    Mixed leptonic and hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon

    Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Thomas Teubner🇬🇧

    Higher-order hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon have been evaluated including next-to-next-to-leading-order insertions of hadronic vacuum polarization and next-to-leading-order corrections to hadronic light-by-light scattering. This leaves a set of mixed leptonic and hadronic corrections in the form of double-bubble topologies as the only remaining hadronic effect at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }^4)$. Here, we estimate these contributions by analyzing the respective cuts of the diagrams, suggesting that the impact is limited to $\lesssim 1\times 10^{-11}$ and thus negligible at the level of the final precision of the Fermilab $g-2$ experiment.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRL(2022)·36 citations
27. 27*

    The ups and downs of inelastic dark matter: Electron recoils from terrestrial upscattering

    Timon Emken🇸🇪 · Jonas Frerick🇩🇪 · Saniya Heeba🇨🇦 · Felix Kahlhoefer🇩🇪

    The growing interest in the interactions between dark matter particles and electrons has received a further boost by the observation of an excess in electron recoil events in the XENON1T experiment. Of particular interest are dark matter models in which the scattering process is inelastic, such that the ground state can upscatter into an excited state. The subsequent exothermic downscattering of such excited states on electrons can lead to observable signals in direct detection experiments and gives a good fit to the XENON1T excess. In this work, we study terrestrial upscattering, i.e. inelastic scattering of dark matter particles on nuclei in the Earth, as a plausible origin of such excited states. Using both analytical and Monte Carlo methods, we obtain detailed predictions of their density and velocity distribution. These results enable us to explore the time dependence of the flux of excited states resulting from the rotation of the Earth. For the case of XENON1T, we find the resulting daily modulation of the electron recoil signal to be at the level of 10% with a strong dependence on the dark matter mass.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2022)·34 citations
28. 28*

    Tau Appearance from High-Energy Neutrino Interactions

    Alfonso Garcia Soto🇺🇸 · Pavel Zhelnin🇺🇸 · Ibrahim Safa🇺🇸 · Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸

    High-energy muon- and electron-neutrinos yield a non-negligible flux of tau neutrinos as they propagate through Earth. In this letter, we address the impact of this additional component in the PeV and EeV energy regimes for the first time. This contribution is predicted to be significantly larger than the atmospheric background above 300 TeV, and alters current and future neutrino telescopes' capabilities to discover a cosmic tau-neutrino flux. Further we demonstrate that Earthskimming neutrino experiments, designed to observe tau neutrinos, will be sensitive to cosmogenic neutrinos even in extreme scenarios without a primary tau-neutrino component.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2022)·20 citations
29. 29*

    Red-Giant Branch Stellar Cores as Macroscopic Dark Matter Detectors

    Christopher Dessert🇺🇸 · Zachary Johnson🇺🇸

    We show that macroscopic dark matter (DM) impacts on the degenerate helium cores of red-giant branch (RGB) stars can ignite helium fusion via DM-baryon elastic scattering. The onset of helium burning leads to a characteristic drop in luminosity and rise in temperature that marks the transition to a horizontal branch star. We show that such impacts can alter the RGB luminosity function of globular clusters (GCs), focusing in particular on the GC M15. Using models of M15 stars constructed with the stellar simulation code MESA, we compute the expected DM-ignition event rates and the theoretical RGB luminosity functions under the null and signal hypotheses. We constrain DM with masses $10^{17}\mathrm{g}\lesssim m_{\chi }\lesssim 10^{20}\mathrm{g}$ and geometric cross sections $10^2{\mathrm{cm}}^2\lesssim {\sigma }_{\chi n}\lesssim 10^7{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ assuming that the DM in M15 is sourced by the background Milky Way halo. We also place more stringent constraints assuming that M15 formed in a DM subhalo that survives today.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HE+1PRD(2022)·10 citations
30. 30*

    Symmetries of the nucleon-nucleon $S$-matrix and effective field theory expansions

    Silas R. Beane🇺🇸 · Roland C. Farrell🇺🇸

    The s-wave nucleon-nucleon (NN) scattering matrix ($S$-matrix) exhibits UV/IR symmetries which are hidden in the effective field theory (EFT) action and scattering amplitudes, and which explain some generic features of the phase shifts. These symmetries offer clarifying interpretations of existing pionless EFT expansions, and suggest starting points for novel expansions. The leading-order (LO) $S$-matrix obtained in the pionless EFT with scattering lengths treated exactly is shown to have a UV/IR symmetry which leaves the sum of s-wave phase shifts invariant. A new scheme, which treats effective range corrections exactly, and which possesses a distinct UV/IR symmetry at LO, is developed up to NLO (next-to-LO) and compared with data.

    ↳ nucl-thcond-mat.quant-gashep-phFew Body Syst.(2022)·20 citations
31. 31*

    Influence of collective nuclear vibrations on initial state eccentricities in Pb+Pb collisions

    B.G. Zakharov🇷🇺

    We study within the Monte Carlo Glauber model the influence of collective quantum effects in the Pb nucleus on the azimuthal anisotropy coefficients ${ϵ}_{2,3}$ in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energies. To account for the quantum effects, we modify the sampling of the nucleon positions by applying suitable filters that guarantee that the colliding nuclei have the mean squared quadrupole and octupole moments consistent with the ones extracted from the experimental quadrupole and octupole strength functions for the Pb nucleus with the help of the energy weighted sum rule. Our Monte Carlo Glauber model with the modified sampling of the nucleon positions leads to ${ϵ}_2\{2\}/{ϵ}_3\{2\}\approx 0.8$ at centrality $\lesssim 1$\%, which allows to resolve the $v_2$-to-$v_3$ puzzle.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phJ.Exp.Theor.Phys.(2022)·4 citations
32. 32*

    (Un)balanced holographic superconductors with electric and spin motive force coupling

    Nathalia P. Aprile (Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil)🇧🇷 · Betti Hartmann (University College London, UK)🇬🇧 · Jutta Kunz (Universitaet Oldenburg, Germany)🇩🇪

    We study holographic phase transitions in (2+1) dimensions that possess interacting phases which result from a direct coupling between the two U(1) gauge fields. This can be interpreted as a non-minimal interaction between the electric and spin motive forces of the dual model. We first present a new analytical solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations that describes a black hole with charge non-equivalent to the sum of the asymptotic charges of the two U(1) gauge fields and briefly discuss formation of uncharged scalar hair on this solution. We then study the formation of charged scalar hair on an uncharged black hole background and discuss the dual description of balanced as well as unbalanced superconductors.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phUniverse(2022)·0 citations
33. 33*

    Excitations of static isolated fermions in the Higgs phase of gauge Higgs theory

    Kazue Matsuyama🇺🇸 · Jeff Greensite🇺🇸

    A spectrum of localized excitations of isolated static fermions has been discovered in several different gauge Higgs theories. In lattice numerical simulations, we show that the charged elementary particles can have the spectrum of excitations in the Higgs phase of SU(3) gauge Higgs theory, $q=2$ Abelian Higgs theory, Landau-Ginzburg theory, and in chiral U(1) gauge Higgs theory. Possibly these excited states of the isolated fermions can be observed in ARPES studies of conventional superconductors. Also, we consider that similar kinds of excitations could exist in other gauge Higgs theories, such as the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.

    ↳ hep-latcond-mat.supr-conhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2022)·0 citations
34. 34*

    Proca balls with angular momentum or flux of electric field

    Vladimir Dzhunushaliev🇰🇿 · Vladimir Folomeev🇰🇬

    Within SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory, we obtain a family of nontopological static solutions describing localized, finite-energy configurations (Proca balls). The gauge symmetry of the theory is explicitly broken by introducing a vector Proca field whose components have different masses. Such solutions describe particlelike systems,the crucial feature of which is that they either possess a nonzero total angular momentum or have a flux of electric field through the plane of symmetry of such objects. It is shown that the angular momentum is provided by static crossed electric and magnetic fields. The existence of the solutions is caused by the fact that we circumvent the conditions of the no-go theorem, according to which there are no stationary and axially symmetric spinning excitations for the 't~Hooft-Polyakov monopoles, Julia-Zee dyons, sphalerons, and also vortices. The dependence of some integral physical quantities on the ratio of the Proca-field masses is studied. It is demonstrated that the inclusion of external sources (charges) enables one to obtain solutions with equal Proca-field masses. We also discuss the possibilities of using quarks as sources of the Proca field under investigation and for treating the Proca balls as glueballs in SU(2) Higgs-Proca theory.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2022)·14 citations
35. 35*

    Folding Amplitudes into Form Factors: An Antipodal Duality

    Lance J. Dixon🇺🇸 · Omer Gurdogan🇬🇧 · Andrew J. McLeod🇨🇭 · Matthias Wilhelm🇩🇰

    We observe that the three-gluon form factor of the chiral part of the stress-tensor multiplet in planar $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory is dual to the six-gluon MHV amplitude on its parity-preserving surface. Up to a simple variable substitution, the map between these two quantities is given by the antipode operation defined on polylogarithms (as part of their Hopf algebra structure), which acts at symbol level by reversing the order of letters in each term. We provide evidence for this duality through seven loops.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRL(2022)·70 citations
36. 36*

    Effective quantum gravity, cosmological constant and the Standard Model of particle physics

    Breno L. Giacchini🇨🇳 · Tibério de Paula Netto🇨🇳 · Ilya L. Shapiro🇧🇷

    The renormalization group in effective quantum gravity can be consistently formulated using the Vilkovisky and DeWitt version of effective action and assuming a non-zero cosmological constant. Taking into account that the vacuum counterpart of the cosmological constant is dramatically different from the observed energy density of vacuum, the running of the last quantity in the late cosmology indicates strong constraints on the physics beyond the minimal Standard Model of particle physics.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2022)·5 citations
37. 37*

    Scope and convergence of the hopping parameter expansion in finite temperature QCD with heavy quarks around the critical point

    Naoki Wakabayashi🇯🇵 · Shinji Ejiri🇯🇵 · Kazuyuki Kanaya🇯🇵 · Masakiyo Kitazawa🇯🇵

    Hopping parameter expansion is a useful tool to investigate heavy dynamical quarks in lattice QCD, while the range of its applicability has been sometimes questioned. We study the convergence and the valid range of the hopping parameter expansion in the determination of the critical point (critical quark mass) of QCD with heavy quarks at finite temperature and density. On lattices with sufficiently large spatial extent, the terms in the hopping parameter expansion are classified into Wilson loop terms and Polyakov-type loop terms. We first study the case of the worst convergence in which all the gauge link variables are unit matrices and thus the Wilson loops and the Polyakov-type loops get their maximum values. We perform explicit calculation up to more than 100th order of the hopping parameter expansion. We show that the hopping parameter expansion is convergent up to the chiral limit of free Wilson quarks. We then perform a Monte-Carlo simulation to measure correlation among Polyakov-type loop terms up to the 20th order of the hopping parameter expansion. In previous studies, strong correlation between the leading order Polyakov loop term and the next-to-leading order bent Polyakov loop terms was reported and used to construct an effective theory to incorporate the next-to-leading order effect by a shift of the leading order coupling parameter. We establish that the strong correlation among Polyakov-type loop terms holds also at higher orders of the hopping parameter expansion, and extend the effective theory to incorporate higher-order effects up to high orders. Using the effective theory, we study the truncation error of the hopping parameter expansion. We find that the previous next-to-leading order result of the critical point for $N_t=4$ are well reliable. For $N_t\ge 6$, we need to incorporate higher-order effects in the effective theory.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPTEP(2022)·16 citations
38. 38*

    Advances in lattice hadron physics calculations using the gradient flow

    K.U. Can🇦🇺 · R. Horsley🇬🇧 · Y. Nakamura🇯🇵 · H. Perlt🇩🇪 · P.E.L. Rakow🇬🇧 · G. Schierholz🇩🇪 · H. Stüben · R.D. Young🇦🇺 · J.M. Zanotti🇦🇺

    Lattice calculations of hadronic observables are aggravated by short-distance fluctuations. The gradient flow, which can be viewed as a particular realisation of the coarse-graining step of momentum space RG transformations, proves a powerful tool for evolving the lattice gauge field to successively longer length scales for any initial coupling. Already at small flow times we find the signal-to-noise ratio of two- and three-point functions significantly enhanced and the projection onto the ground state largely improved, while the effect on the hadronic observables considered here to be negligible. A further benefit is that far fewer conjugate gradient iterations are needed for the Wilson-Dirac inverter to converge. Additionally, we find the renormalisation constants of quark bilinears to be significantly closer to unity.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2022)·2 citations
39. 39*

    Energy stored on a cosmological horizon and its thermodynamic fluctuations in holographic equipartition law

    Nobuyoshi Komatsu🇯🇵

    Our Universe is expected to finally approach a de Sitter universe whose horizon is considered to be in thermal equilibrium. In the present article, both the energy stored on the horizon and its thermodynamic fluctuations are examined through the holographic equipartition law. First, it is confirmed that a flat Friedmann--Robertson--Walker universe approaches a de Sitter universe, using a cosmological model close to lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM) models. Then, based on the holographic equipartition law, the energy density of the Hubble volume is calculated from the energy on the Hubble horizon of a de Sitter universe. The energy density for a de Sitter universe is constant and the order of the energy density is consistent with the order of that for the observed cosmological constant. Second, thermodynamic fluctuations of energy on the horizon are examined, assuming stable fluctuations around thermal equilibrium states. A standard formulation of the fluctuations for a canonical ensemble is applied to the Hubble horizon of a de Sitter universe. The thermodynamic fluctuations of the energy are found to be a universal constant corresponding to the Planck energy, regardless of the Hubble parameter. In contrast, the relative fluctuations of the energy can be characterized by the ratio of the one-degree-of-freedom energy to the Planck energy. At the present time, the order of the relative fluctuations should be within the range of a discrepancy derived from a discussion of the cosmological constant problem, namely a range approximately from $10^{-60}$ to $10^{-123}$. The present results may imply that the energy stored on the Hubble horizon is related to a kind of effective dark energy, whereas the energy that can be `maximally' stored on the horizon may behave as if it were a kind of effective vacuum-like energy in an extended holographic equipartition law.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2022)·15 citations
40. 40*

    Weinberg Operator Contribution to the Hadronic CP Violation

    Nodoka Yamanaka🇯🇵

    The CP violating Weinberg operator (or the gluon chromo-electric dipole moment) is generated in many candidates of new physics beyond the standard model, and it contributes to observables such as the electric dipole moments (EDM) of the neutron, nuclei and atoms. In this proceedings contribution, we review the present understanding of the Weinberg operator as well as the result of the estimation of its effect to the EDM of ${}^3$He nucleus through the contact CP-odd nuclear force.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exJPS Conf.Proc.(2022)·2 citations
41. 41*

    Atmospheric & geodesic controls on muon rate: a numerical study based on Corsika

    Amélie Cohu🇫🇷 · Matias Tramontini🇦🇷 · Antoine Chevalier🇫🇷 · Jean-Christophe Ianigro🇫🇷 · Jacques Marteau🇫🇷

    Muon rate models play a key role in converting measured data into information on the density distributions of a target. Any given muography measurement, either in transmission or in scattering mode, requires a proper modelization of the muon flux according to the localization and to the atmospheric conditions. Two approaches are commonly used: either through semi-empirical models calibrated on existing data or via Monte-Carlo simulations. The former requires extrapolations to the field experiment conditions while the latter offers the advantage of tackling down in an unique way all relevant parameters such as barometric conditions, geomagnetic field, atmosphere density etc. Although significant progress were made in the last decades, precision muography experiments require more and more accuracy on the models, especially for the muons close to the horizon where large disparities still remain. In this paper we present detailed results obtained with the CORSIKA simulation framework to emphasize and quantify the impact of the environmental conditions on the sensitivity of muography measurements.

    ↳ physics.geo-phhep-exhep-phJAIS(2022)·1 citation
42. 42*

    Computation of QCD meson screening masses at high temperature

    Davide Laudicina🇮🇹 · Mattia Dalla Brida🇨🇭 · Leonardo Giusti🇮🇹 · Tim Harris🇬🇧 · Michele Pepe🇮🇹

    We compute flavor non-singlet meson screening masses in the chiral limit of QCD with $N_f=3$ quarks. The calculation is carried out at 12 temperatures from $T\approx 1$ GeV up to the electroweak scale. For each temperature we simulated several lattice spacings, so as to be able to perform the continuum limit extrapolation with confidence at a few permille accuracy. In the entire range of temperatures explored, the meson screening masses deviate from the free theory result $2\pi T$ by at most a few percent. Their values, however, cannot be explained by one-loop perturbation theory up to the electroweak scale, where the pseudoscalar and the vector screening masses are still significantly different within our precision. Chiral symmetry restoration manifests itself through the degeneracy of the pseudoscalar and the scalar channels and of the vector and the axial ones.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPoS(2022)·4 citations
43. 43*

    Going beyond the Standard paradigm of Cosmology: Torsion, gravitational anomalies and inflation without inflaton fields

    Nick E. Mavromatos🇬🇷

    I review a string-inspired cosmological model, with gravitational anomalies present at very early epochs, which includes a totally antisymmetric torsion, that in (3+1)-dimensions is equivalent to a pseudoscalar (Kalb-Ramond, string-model independent) axion field. Upon condensation of primordial gravitational waves (GW), that are created at a pre-inflationary era, the model leads to inflation of the so-called running-vacuum-model (RVM) type, which is realised without the need for external inflaton fields, being due to the non-linearities that characterise the gravitational theory. The model provides an alternative to the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm, and is also capable of inducing matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe, during the post-inflationary radiation era, in models with right-handed neutrinos in their matter spectra. The so-induced asymmetry is triggered by a Lorentz-symmetry-violating KR axion background that is generated during the RVM-inflationary period, as a consequence of the GW condensate. The modern era of this cosmology is argued to be characterised by observable (RVM-type) deviations from $\Lambda$CDM, with the potential of alleviating the observed tensions in the cosmological data.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPoS(2022)·2 citations
44. 44*

    Cosmological implications of $n_s\approx 1$ in light of the Hubble tension

    Fuminobu Takahashi🇯🇵 · Wen Yin🇯🇵

    Recently, a low-$z$ measurement of the Hubble constant, $H_0=73.04\pm 1.04km/s/Mpc$, was reported by the SH0ES Team. The long-standing Hubble tension, i.e. the difference between the Hubble constant from the local measurements and that inferred from the cosmic microwave background data based on the $\Lambda$CDM model, was further strengthened. There are many cosmological models modifying the cosmology after and around the recombination era to alleviate this tension. In fact, some of the models alter the small-scale fluctuation amplitude relative to larger scales, and thus require a significant modification of the primordial density perturbation, especially the scalar spectral index, $n_s$. In certain promising models, $n_s$ is favored to be larger than the $\Lambda$CDM prediction, and even the scale-invariant one, $n_s=1$, is allowed. In this Letter, we focus on the very early Universe models to study the implication of such unusual $n_s$. In particular, we find that an axiverse with an axion in the equilibrium distribution during inflation can be easily consistent with $n_s=1$. This is because the axion behaves as a curvaton with mass much smaller than the inflationary Hubble parameter. We also discuss other explanations of $n_s$ different from that obtained based on the $\Lambda$CDM.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPLB(2022)·53 citations
45. 45*

    Towards quantum Mechanics on the curved cotangent bundle

    Fabian Wagner🇵🇱

    The minimal-length paradigm is a cornerstone of quantum gravity phenomenology. Recently, it has been demonstrated that minimal-length quantum mechanics can alternatively be described as an undeformed theory set on a nontrivial momentum space. However, there is no fully consistent formulation of these theories beyond Cartesian coordinates in flat space and, in particular, no position representation. This paper is intended to take the first steps in bridging this gap. We find a natural position representation of the position and momentum operators on general curved cotangent bundles. In an expansion akin to Riemann normal coordinates with curvature in both position and momentum space, we apply the formalism perturbatively to the isotropic harmonic oscillator and the hydrogenic atom. Due to the symmetry of the harmonic oscillator under exchange of positions and momenta, we show that it is impossible to distinguish position- from momentum- space curvature with oscillators alone. Thus, we obtain an instantiation of Born reciprocity on the curved cotangent bundle, i. e. in precisely the way Born originally envisioned. It manifests itself as a symmetry mixing UV and IR physics, reminiscent of T-duality in string theory.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·7 citations
46. 46*

    Alternative formulations of the twistor double copy

    Erick Chacón🇬🇧 · Silvia Nagy🇬🇧 · Chris D. White🇬🇧

    The classical double copy relating exact solutions of biadjoint scalar, gauge and gravity theories continues to receive widespread attention. Recently, a derivation of the exact classical double copy was presented, using ideas from twistor theory, in which spacetime fields are mapped to Cech cohomology classes in twistor space. A puzzle remains, however, in how to interpret the twistor double copy, in that it relies on somehow picking special representatives of each cohomology class. In this paper, we provide two alternative formulations of the twistor double copy using the more widely-used language of Dolbeault cohomology. The first amounts to a rewriting of the Cech approach, whereas the second uses known techniques for discussing spacetime fields in Euclidean signature. The latter approach indeed allows us to identify special cohomology representatives, suggesting that further application of twistor methods in exploring the remit of the double copy may be fruitful.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2022)·50 citations
47. 47*

    Mass estimates of the SU(2) $0^{++}$ glueball from spectral methods

    David Dudal🇧🇪 · Orlando Oliveira🇵🇹 · Martin Roelfs🇧🇪

    The estimation of the Källén-Lehmann spectral density from gauge invariant lattice QCD two point correlation functions is proposed, and explored via an inversion strategy based on Tikhonov regularisation. We test the method on a mesonic toy model, showing that our methodology is competitive with the traditional Maximum Entropy Method. As proof of concept the SU(2) glueball spectrum for the quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ is investigated, for various values of the lattice spacing, using the published data of arXiv:1910.07756. Our estimates for the ground state mass are in good agreement with the traditional approach, which is based on the large time exponential behaviour of the correlation functions. Furthermore, the spectral density also contains hints of excites states in the spectrum. Spectroscopic analysis of glueball two-point functions therefore provides a straightforward and insightful alternative to the traditional method based on the large time exponential behaviour of the correlation functions.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2022)·0 citations
48. 48*

    3+1 Dimension Schwinger Pair Production with Quantum Computers

    Bin Xu🇺🇸 · Wei Xue🇺🇸

    Real-time quantum simulation of quantum field theory in (3+1)D requires large quantum computing resources. With a few-qubit quantum computer, we develop a novel algorithm and experimentally study the Schwinger effect, the electron-positron pair production in a strong electric field, in (3+1)D. The resource reduction is achieved by treating the electric field as a background field, working in Fourier space transverse to the electric field direction, and considering parity symmetry, such that we successfully map the three spatial dimension problems into one spatial dimension problems. We observe that the rate of pair production of electrons and positrons is consistent with the theoretical predication of the Schwinger effect. Our work paves the way towards exploring quantum simulation of quantum field theory beyond one spatial dimension.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phPRD(2022)·8 citations
49. 49*

    Chirality: A Scientific Leitmotif

    Frank Wilczek🇸🇪

    Handedness, or chirality, has been a continuing source of inspiration across a wide range of scientific problems. After a quick review of some important, instructive historical examples, I present three contemporary case studies involving sophisticated applications of chirality at the frontier of present-day science in the measurement of the muon magnetic moment, in topological physics, and in exploring the "chirality" of time. Finally, I briefly discuss chirality as a source of fertile questions.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-ph0 citations
50. 50*

    Superradiance evolution of black hole shadows revisited

    Rittick Roy🇨🇳 · Sunny Vagnozzi🇬🇧 · Luca Visinelli🇨🇳

    Black hole (BH) shadows can be used to probe new physics in the form of ultra-light particles via the phenomenon of superradiant instability. By directly affecting the BH mass and spin, superradiance can lead to a time evolution of the BH shadow, which nonetheless has been argued to be unobservable through Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) over realistic observation timescales. We revisit the superradiance-induced BH shadow evolution including the competing effects of gas accretion and gravitational wave (GW) emission and, as a first step towards modelling realistic new physics scenarios which predict the existence of multiple ultra-light species, we study the system in the presence of two ultra-light bosons, whose combined effect could help reducing the shadow evolution timescale. We find that accretion and GW emission play a negligible role in our results (justifying previous simplified analyses), and that contrary to our intuition the inclusion of an additional ultra-light boson does not shorten the BH shadow evolution timescale and hence improve detection prospects. However, we point out an important subtlety concerning the observationally meaningful definition of the superradiance-induced BH shadow evolution timescale, which reduces the latter by about an order of magnitude, opening up the possibility of observing the superradiance-induced BH shadow evolution with upcoming VLBI arrays, provided angular resolutions just below the $\mu \mathrm{as}$ level can be reached. As a concrete example, we show that the angular size of the shadow of SgrA${}^{\ast }$ can change by up to $0.6\mu \mathrm{as}$ over a period as short as $16$ years, which further strengthens the scientific case for targeting the shadow of SgrA${}^{\ast }$ with next-generation VLBI arrays.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·149 citations
51. 51*

    Top-Down Anatomy of Flavor Symmetry Breakdown

    Alexander Baur🇩🇪 · Hans Peter Nilles🇩🇪 · Saul Ramos-Sanchez🇲🇽 · Andreas Trautner🇩🇪 · Patrick K.S. Vaudrevange🇩🇪

    A top-down approach to the flavor puzzle leads to eclectic flavor groups which include modular and traditional flavor symmetries. Based on examples of semirealistic T2/Z3 orbifold compactifications of heterotic string theory, we discuss the breakdown patterns of the eclectic flavor group via the interplay of vacuum expectation values (vevs) of moduli and flavon fields. This leads to an attractive flavor scheme with various possibilities to obtain "flavor hierarchies" through the alignment of these vevs. Despite the fact that the top-down approach gives strong restrictions for bottom-up flavor model building, it seems to be well suited to provide a realistic flavor pattern for quarks and leptons.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2022)·29 citations
52. 52*

    Probing ultra-light axions with the 21-cm Signal during Cosmic Dawn

    Selim C. Hotinli🇺🇸 · David J. E. Marsh🇬🇧 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸

    Ultra-light axions (ULAs) are a promising and intriguing set of dark-matter candidates. We study the prospects to use forthcoming measurements of 21-cm fluctuations from cosmic dawn to probe ULAs. We focus in particular on the velocity acoustic oscillations (VAOs) in the large-scale 21-cm power spectrum, features imprinted by the long-wavelength ($k\sim 0.1{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$) modulation, by dark-matter--baryon relative velocities, of the small-scale ($k\sim 10-10^3{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$) power required to produce the stars that heat the neutral hydrogen. Damping of small-scale power by ULAs reduces the star-formation rate at cosmic dawn which then leads to a reduced VAO amplitude. Accounting for different assumptions for feedback and foregrounds, experiments like HERA may be sensitive to ULAs with masses up to $m_{\alpha }\approx 10^{-18}\text{eV}$, two decades of mass higher than current constraints.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2022)·44 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.