Thu·Nov 18, 2021Thursday·November 18, 2021

1. 01*

   Neutrino meets ultralight dark matter: $0\mathbf{\nu \beta \beta }$ decay and cosmology

   Guo-yuan Huang🇩🇪 · Newton Nath🇮🇹

   We explore the neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay induced by an ultralight dark matter field coupled to neutrinos. The effect on $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay is significant if the coupling violates the lepton number, for which the $\Delta L=2$ transition is directly driven by the dark matter field without further suppression of small neutrino masses. As the ultralight dark matter can be well described by a classical field, the effect features a periodic modulation pattern in decay events. However, we find that in the early Universe such coupling will be very likely to alter the standard cosmological results. In particular, the requirement of neutrino free-streaming before the matter-radiation equality severely constrains the parameter space, such that the future $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay experiments can hardly see any signal even with a meV sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2022)·39 citations
2. 02*

   Gravitational Wave Gastronomy

   David I. Dunsky🇺🇸 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Hitoshi Murayama🇺🇸 · Yuki Sakakihara🇨🇳 · Graham White🇯🇵

   The symmetry breaking of grand unified gauge groups in the early Universe often leaves behind relic topological defects such as cosmic strings, domain walls, or monopoles. For some symmetry breaking chains, hybrid defects can form where cosmic strings attach to domain walls or monopoles attach to strings. In general, such hybrid defects are unstable, with one defect "eating" the other via the conversion of its rest mass into the other's kinetic energy and subsequently decaying via gravitational waves. In this work, we determine the gravitational wave spectrum from 1) the destruction of a cosmic string network by the nucleation of monopoles which cut up and "eat" the strings, 2) the collapse and decay of a monopole-string network by strings that "eat" the monopoles, 3) the destruction of a domain wall network by the nucleation of string-bounded holes on the wall that expand and "eat" the wall, and 4) the collapse and decay of a string-bounded wall network by walls that "eat" the strings. We call the gravitational wave signals produced from the "eating" of one topological defect by another gravitational wave gastronomy. We find that the four gravitational wave gastronomy signals considered yield unique spectra that can be used to narrow down the SO(10) symmetry breaking chain to the Standard Model and the scales of symmetry breaking associated with the consumed topological defects. Moreover, the systems we consider are unlikely to have a residual monopole or domain wall problem.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2022)·125 citations
3. 03*

   Constraining general U(1) interactions from neutrino-electron scattering measurements at DUNE near detector

   Kaustav Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Srubabati Goswami🇮🇳 · Samiran Roy🇮🇳

   The neutrino-electron scattering process is a powerful tool to explore new physics beyond the standard model. Recently the possibility of DUNE Near Detector (ND) to constrain various new physics scenarios using this process have been highlighted in the literature. In this work, we consider the most general U(1) model and probe the constraints on the mass and coupling strength of the additional $Z^{\prime }$ from $\nu -e$ scattering at DUNE ND. The presence of the $Z^{\prime }$ gives rise to extra interference effects. In the context of the general U(1) model, the destructive interference can occur in either neutrino or anti-neutrino channel or for both or none. This opens up the possibilities of getting four different type of signal in the neutrino and ant-neutrino runs of DUNE. We perform the analysis using both the total rate and binned events spectrum. Our results show that in a bin by bin analysis the effect of destructive interference is less compared to the analysis using total rate. We present the bounds on the $m_{Z^{\prime }}-g_X$ plane from $\nu -e$ scattering measurements at DUNE ND and compare these with those obtained from other $\nu -e$ scattering, COHERENT, and beam dump experiments. We show that the DUNE ND can give the best bound for certain mass ranges of $Z^{\prime }$.

   hep-phJHEP(2022)·34 citations
4. 04*

   Research on the Phase space of three- and four-body final states process

   Kang Yu🇨🇳 · De-Min Li🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳

   The analytical formulae for the phase space factors and the three-momenta of three- and four-body final states are derived for all sets of independent kinematic variables containing invariant mass variables. These formulae will help experimental physicist to perform the data analysis. As an example, we show how to use these formulae to distinguish the different mechanisms of $e+p\to e+J/\psi +p$ process for searching the signals of $P_c$ states at the energy region of Electron-Ion collider at China (EicC).

   hep-phhep-exCPC(2022)·3 citations
5. 05*

   Higher order approximations to the longitudinal structure function $F_L$ from the parametrization of $F_2$ based on the Laplace transformation

   G.R. Boroun🇮🇷 · B. Rezaei🇮🇷

   We describe the determination of the longitudinal structure function $F_L$ at NLO and NNLO approximations, using Laplace transform techniques, into the parametrization of $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and its derivative with respect to $\ln Q^2$ at low values of the Bjorken variable $x$. The obtained results are comparable with others by considering the effect of the charm quark mass to the longitudinal structure function, which leads to rescaling variable for $n_f=4$. Numerical calculations and comparison with H1 data demonstrate that the suggested method provides reliable $F_L(x,Q^2)$ at small $x$ in a wide range of $Q^2$ values and can be applied as well in analyses of ultra-high energy processes with cosmic neutrinos. The obtained longitudinal structure functions with and without the LHeC simulated uncertainties [CERN-ACC-Note-2020-0002, LHeC Collaboration and FCC-he Study Group, P. Agostini et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. {\bf48}, 110501(2021).] are compared with the H1 Collaboration data [Eur.Phys.J.C{\bf74}, 2814(2014) and Eur.Phys.J.C{\bf71}, 1579 (2011)] and with the results from CT18 [Phys.Rev.D{\bf103}, 014013(2021)] parametrization model at NLO and NNLO approximations.

   hep-phPRD(2022)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Experimental signals for a second resonance of the Higgs field

   Maurizio Consoli🇮🇹 · Leonardo Cosmai🇮🇹

   In the region of invariant mass 620$÷$740 GeV, we have analyzed the ATLAS sample of 4-lepton events that could indicate a new scalar resonance produced mainly via gluon-gluon fusion. These data suggest the existence of a new heavy state $H$ whose mass $660÷680$ GeV would fit well with the theoretical range $M_H=690\pm 10(\mathrm{stat})\pm 20(\mathrm{sys})\mathrm{GeV}$ for the hypothetical second resonance of the Higgs field that has been recently proposed and which would couple to longitudinal W's with the same typical strength of the low-mass state at $125$ GeV. Since the total width ${\Gamma }_H$ is very poorly determined, to sharpen the analysis of the precious ATLAS data, we have considered a particular correlation between resonating peak cross section ${\sigma }_R(pp\to H\to 4l)$ and the ratio ${\gamma }_H={\Gamma }_H/M_H$. This correlation should be nearly insensitive to the precise value of ${\Gamma }_H$ and mainly determined by the lower mass $m_h=$ 125 GeV. Equivalently, if this correlation holds true, one could also fit $m_h$ from the 4-lepton data in the high-mass range 620$÷$740 GeV. The result $(m_h{)}^{\mathrm{fit}}\sim (125\pm 13)$ GeV reproduces the direct measurement of the Higgs particle mass and thus supports the idea that $m_h$ and $M_H$ are the masses of two different excitations of the same field. Therefore, if we combine with the excess at 680 GeV in the ATLAS $\gamma \gamma$ distribution, there are now two signals for a new resonance in the same mass region. Even though, quantitatively, the global statistical significance of each effect is modest, still the sharp correlation ${\gamma }_H-{\sigma }_R$ in the 4-lepton channel should induce to consider seriously these indications.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·16 citations
7. 07*

   Wide-angle photoproduction of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$-meson and its gluon content

   Peter Kroll🇩🇪 · Kornelija Passek-Kumerički🇭🇷

   We investigate wide-angle photoproduction of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ meson within the handbag approach to twist-3 accuracy. It turns out that, due to the gluon content of the ${\eta }^{\prime }$, this process is dominated by twist-2 in contrast with pion and $\eta$ photoproduction. Using the presently available information on the twist-2 and twist-3 distribution amplitudes and on the $\eta -{\eta }^{\prime }$ mixing, we provide prediction for the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ cross section and helicity correlations. It is argued that ${\eta }^{\prime }$ photoproduction is well suited to improve our knowledge of the two-gluon distribution amplitude.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2022)·8 citations
8. 08*

   Numerical simulation of Bohr-like and Thomson-like dark atoms with nuclei

   T. E. Bikbaev (1)🇷🇺 · M. Yu. Khlopov (1, 2 and 3)🇷🇺 · A. G. Mayorov (1) ((1) National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, Russia, (2) Institute of Physics, Southern Federal University, Rostov on Don, Russia, (3) Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, Paris, France)🇷🇺

   The puzzles of direct dark matter searches can be solved in the scenario of dark atoms, which bind hypothetical, stable, lepton-like particles with charge $-2n$, where $n$ is any natural number, with $n$ nuclei of primordial helium. Avoid experimental discovery because they form with primary helium neutral atom-like states $OHe$ ($X-$ helium), called "dark" atoms. The proposed solution to this problem involves rigorous proof of the existence of a low-energy bound state in the dark atom interaction with nuclei. It implies self-consistent account for nuclear attraction and Coulomb repulsion in such an interaction. We approach the solution of this problem by numerical modeling to reveal the essence of the processes of dark atom interaction with nuclei. We start with the classical three-body problem, to which the effects of quantum physics are added. The numerical model of the dark atom interaction was developed for $O^{--}$ having a charge of $-2$, bound with He in Bohr-like $OHe$ dark atom and for $-2n$ charged $X$ bound with $n$ $\alpha$-particle nucleus in the Thomson-like atom $XHe$. The development of our approach should lead to the solution of the puzzles of direct dark matter searches in the framework of dark atom hypothesis.

   hep-ph2 citations
9. 09*

   Can we use heavy nuclei to detect relic neutrinos?

   Oleksii Mikulenko🇳🇱 · Yevheniia Cheipesh🇳🇱 · Vadim Cheianov🇳🇱 · Alexey Boyarsky🇳🇱

   Recent analysis of the viability of solid state-based relic neutrino detectors has revealed the fundamental necessity for the use of heavy, $A>100$, $\beta$-decayers as neutrino targets. Of all heavy isotopes, ${}^{171}$Tm and ${}^{151}$Sm stand out for their sufficiently low decay energies, reasonable half-life times and stable daughter nuclei. However, the crucial bit of information, that is the soft neutrino capture cross-section is missing for both isotopes. The main reason for that is a particular type of $\beta$-decay, which precludes a simple link between the isotope's half-life time and the neutrino capture rate. Here we propose an experimental method to bypass this difficulty and obtain the capture cross-section of a soft neutrino by a given isotope from the isotope's $\beta$-spectrum.

   hep-phastro-ph.COEPJA(2023)·11 citations
10. 10*

    Techni-Composite Higgs models with (a)symmetric dark matter candidates

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Mads T. Frandsen🇩🇰 · Wei-Chih Huang🇩🇰 · Martin Rosenlyst🇩🇰 · Philip Sørensen🇩🇪

    We propose a novel class of composite models that feature both a technicolor and a composite Higgs vacuum limit, resulting in an asymmetric dark matter candidate. These Techni-Composite Higgs models are based on an extended left-right electroweak symmetry with a pseudo-Nambu Goldstone boson Higgs and stable dark matter candidates charged under a global $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_X$ symmetry, connected to the baryon asymmetry at high temperatures via the $SU(2{)}_{\mathrm{R}}$ sphaleron. We consider, as explicit examples, four-dimensional gauge theories with fermions charged under a new confining gauge group $G_{\mathrm{HC}}$.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2022)·11 citations
11. 11*

    Resonant mode of elastic scattering of protons at ultra-high energies

    M. L. Nekrasov🇷🇺

    An interpretation is given for elastic proton scattering at ultra-high energies with impact-parameter amplitude exceeding the black disk limit. It is shown that this scattering mode can arise due to the contribution of an exceptional intermediate state that unites correlated partons of colliding protons at ultra-high energies into a single coherent system. The behavior of the real part of the amplitude in this mode is discussed.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2022)·5 citations
12. 12*

    Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda K_S^0$, ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^0{K}_S^0$, and ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}^{-}$ decays at Belle

    Belle collaboration: Y. Li · J. X. Cui🇨🇳 · S. Jia🇨🇳 · C. P. Shen🇨🇳 · I. Adachi🇯🇵 · J. K. Ahn🇰🇷 · H. Aihara🇯🇵 · S. Al Said🇸🇦 · D. M. Asner🇺🇸 · H. Atmacan🇺🇸 · T. Aushev🇷🇺 · R. Ayad🇸🇦 and 203 other authors

    Using the entire data sample of $980{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider, we present measurements of the branching fractions of the Cabibbo-favored decays ${\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda K_S^0$, ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^0{K}_S^0$, and ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}^{-}$. Taking the decay ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}\text{pip}$ as the normalization mode, we measure the branching fraction ratio $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda K_S^0)/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.229\pm 0.008\pm 0.012$ with improved precision, and measure the branching fraction ratios $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^0{K}_S^0)/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.038\pm 0.006\pm 0.004$ and $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}^{-})/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.123\pm 0.007\pm 0.010$ for the first time. Taking into account the branching fraction of the normalization mode, the absolute branching fractions are determined to be $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to \Lambda K_S^0)=(3.27\pm 0.11\pm 0.17\pm 0.73)\times 10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^0{K}_S^0)=(0.54\pm 0.09\pm 0.06\pm 0.12)\times 10^{-3}$, and $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Sigma }^{+}{K}^{-})=(1.76\pm 0.10\pm 0.14\pm 0.39)\times 10^{-3}$. The first and second uncertainties above are statistical and systematic, respectively, while the third ones arise from the uncertainty of the branching fraction of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2022)·19 citations
13. 13*

    Modeling Compact Objects with Effective Field Theory I: The Effective Action

    Irvin Martinez🇿🇦

    This is part 1 of 3 from the master's thesis: Modeling Compact Objects with Effective Field Theory, supervised by Amanda Weltman. Using the Effective Field Theory framework for extended objects and the coset construction, we build the leading order effective action for the most general compact object allowed in an effective theory of gravity as general relativity. By recognizing the symmetry breaking pattern of a charged spinning compact object, we derive all the covariant building blocks and constraints to build up the relevant invariant operators in the action to all orders. We derive the effective action for a spinning extended object and make the connection to currently used theories, which use conjugates variables. Moreover, we build the action of a charged particle as well, and include the size structure effects, such as tidal deformation, polarization and dissipation in the quasi-static limit. The invariant operators in the action are accompanied by coefficients that encapsulates the properties of the compact object. We match the known coefficients of the effective action from the literature, and point out the unknown ones that are to be derived.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph3 citations
14. 14*

    Lyman-$\alpha$ constraints on freeze-in and superWIMPs

    Quentin Decant🇧🇪 · Jan Heisig🇧🇪 · Deanna C. Hooper🇫🇮 · Laura Lopez-Honorez🇧🇪

    Dark matter (DM) from freeze-in or superWIMP production is well known to imprint non-cold DM signatures on cosmological observables. We derive constraints from Lyman-$\alpha$ forest observations for both cases, basing ourselves on a reinterpretation of the existing Lyman-$\alpha$ limits on thermal warm DM. We exclude DM masses below 15 keV for freeze-in, in good agreement with previous literature, and provide a generic lower mass bound for superWIMPs that depends on the mother particle decay width. Special emphasis is placed on the mixed scenario, where contributions from both freeze-in and superWIMP are similarly important. In this case, the imprint on cosmological observables can deviate significantly from thermal warm DM. Furthermore, we provide a modified version of the Boltzmann code CLASS, analytic expressions for the DM distributions, and fits to the DM transfer functions that account for both mechanisms of production. Moreover, we also derive generic constraints from $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ measurements and show that they cannot compete with those arising from Lyman-$\alpha$ observations. For illustration, we apply the above generic limits to a coloured $t$-channel mediator DM model, in which case contributions from both freeze-in through scatterings and decays, as well as superWIMP production can be important. We map out the entire cosmologically viable parameter space, cornered by bounds from Lyman-$\alpha$ observations, the LHC, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2022)·117 citations
15. 15*

    Proton momentum and angular momentum decompositions with overlap fermions

    Gen Wang🇺🇸 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳 · Jian Liang🇨🇳 · Terrence Draper🇺🇸 · Keh-Fei Liu (chiQCD Collaboration)🇺🇸

    We present a calculation of the proton momentum and angular momentum decompositions using overlap fermions on a $2+1$-flavor RBC/UKQCD domain-wall lattice at 0.143 fm with a pion mass of 171 MeV which is close to the physical one. A complete determination of the momentum and angular momentum fractions carried by up, down, strange and glue inside the proton has been done with valence pion masses varying from 171 to 391 MeV. We have utilized fast Fourier transform on the stochastic-sandwich method for connected-insertion parts and the cluster-decomposition error reduction technique for disconnected-insertion parts has been used to reduce statistical errors. The full nonperturbative renormalization and mixing between the quark and glue operators are carried out. The final results are normalized with the momentum and angular momentum sum rules and reported at the physical valence pion mass at $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}(\mu =2\mathrm{GeV})$. The renormalized momentum fractions for the quarks and glue are $⟨x{⟩}^q=0.491(20)(23)$ and $⟨x{⟩}^g=0.509(20)(23)$, respectively, and the renormalized total angular momentum fractions for quarks and glue are $2J^q=0.539(22)(44)$ and $2J^g=0.461(22)(44)$, respectively. The quark spin fraction is $\Sigma =0.405(25)(37)$ from our previous work and the quark orbital angular momentum fraction is deduced from $2L^q=2J^q-\Sigma$ to be $0.134(22)(44)$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2022)·43 citations
16. 16*

    A Tail of Eternal Inflation

    Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Daniel Green🇺🇸 · Akhil Premkumar🇺🇸

    Non-trivial inflaton self-interactions can yield calculable signatures of primordial non-Gaussianity that are measurable in cosmic surveys. Surprisingly, we find that the phase transition to slow-roll eternal inflation is often incalculable in the same models. Instead, this transition is sensitive to the non-Gaussian tail of the distribution of scalar fluctuations, which probes physics inside the horizon, potentially beyond the cutoff scale of the Effective Field Theory of Inflation. We demonstrate this fact directly by calculating non-Gaussian corrections to Stochastic Inflation within the framework of Soft de Sitter Effective Theory, from which we derive the associated probability distribution for the scalar fluctuations. We find parameter space consistent with current observations and weak coupling at horizon crossing in which the large fluctuations relevant for eternal inflation can only be determined by appealing to a UV completion. We also show this breakdown of the perturbative description is required for the de Sitter entropy to reflect the number of de Sitter microstates.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phSciPost Phys.(2023)·35 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.