Fri·Nov 19, 2021Friday·November 19, 2021

1. 01*

   Electric dipole moments from colour-octet scalars

   Hector Gisbert🇩🇪 · Víctor Miralles🇪🇸 · Joan Ruiz-Vidal🇪🇸

   We present the contributions to electric dipole moments (EDMs) induced by the Yukawa couplings of an additional electroweak doublet of colour-octet scalars. The full set of one-loop diagrams and the enhanced higher-order effects from Barr-Zee diagrams are computed for the quark (chromo-)EDM, along with the two-loop contributions to the Weinberg operator. Using the stringent experimental upper limits on the neutron EDM, constraints on the parameter space of this model are derived.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2022)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Exploring smoking-gun signals of the Schwinger mechanism in QCD

   A. C. Aguilar🇧🇷 · M. N. Ferreira🇧🇷 · J. Papavassiliou🇪🇸

   In QCD, the Schwinger mechanism endows the gluons with an effective mass through the dynamical formation of massless bound-state poles that are longitudinally coupled. The presence of these poles affects profoundly the infrared properties of the interaction vertices, inducing crucial modifications to their fundamental Ward identities. Within this general framework, we present a detailed derivation of the non-Abelian Ward identity obeyed by the pole-free part of the three-gluon vertex in the soft-gluon limit, and determine the smoking-gun displacement that the onset of the Schwinger mechanism produces to the standard result. Quite importantly, the quantity that describes this distinctive feature coincides formally with the bound-state wave function that controls the massless pole formation. Consequently, this signal may be computed in two independent ways: by solving an approximate version of the pertinent Bethe-Salpeter integral equation, or by appropriately combining the elements that enter in the aforementioned Ward identity. For the implementation of both methods we employ two- and three-point correlation functions obtained from recent lattice simulations, and a partial derivative of the ghost-gluon kernel, which is computed from the corresponding Schwinger-Dyson equation. Our analysis reveals an excellent coincidence between the results obtained through either method, providing a highly nontrivial self-consistency check for the entire approach. When compared to the null hypothesis, where the Schwinger mechanism is assumed to be inactive, the statistical significance of the resulting signal is estimated to be three standard deviations.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thPRD(2022)·47 citations
3. 03*

   Detectable Electric Current induced by Dark Matter Axion in a Conductor

   Aiichi Iwazaki🇯🇵

   We propose a way of detecting dark matter axion by using two slabs of conductor. The flat surfaces are put to meet face to face so that they are parallel to each other. External magnetic field $B$ parallel to the surfaces is impressed. Radiations converted from the axion arise between two slabs. When we tune the spacing $l$ between two surfaces such as $l=\pi /m_a$ with axion mass $m_a$, a resonance occurs so that the radiations become strong. Furthermore, electric current flowing on the surface of the slabs is enhanced. We show that the electric current is large enough to be detectable at the resonance. It reaches $0.7\times 10^{-9}$A$(10^{-5}\text{mbox}eV/m_a{)}^{1/2}(B/5\text{mbox}T)(L/10\text{mbox}cm)(\sigma /3.3\times 10^7\mathrm{eV})$, using $6$N copper of the square slab with side length $L$ and high electrical conductivity $\sigma$ at temperature $T\sim 1$K. The power of the Joule heating is $0.3\times 10^{-22}\text{mbox}W(B/5\text{mbox}T{)}^2(10^{-5}\text{mbox}eV/m_a{)}^{1/2}(L/10\text{mbox}cm{)}^2(\sigma /3.3\times 10^7\mathrm{eV})$. When we amplify the power using LC circuit with $Q$ value, the signal to noise ratio is $4.5\times 10^4(Q/10^6)(B/5\text{mbox}T{)}^2(t_{obs}/1\sec {)}^{1/2}(10^{-5}\text{mbox}eV/m_a)(L/10\text{mbox}cm{)}^2(\sigma /3.3\times 10^7\mathrm{eV})$ with $t_{obs}$ observational time.

   hep-phPTEP(2022)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Update on strong and radiative decays of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ and their bottom cousins

   Hai-Long Fu🇨🇳 · Harald W. Grießhammer🇺🇸 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Christoph Hanhart🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

   The isospin breaking and radiative decay widths of the positive-parity charm-strange mesons, $D_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $D_{s1}$, and their predicted bottom-strange counterparts, $B_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $B_{s1}$, as hadronic molecules are revisited. This is necessary, since the $B_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $B_{s1}$ masses used in Eur. Phys. J. A 50 (2014) 149 were too small, in conflict with the heavy quark flavour symmetry. Furthermore, not all isospin breaking contributions were considered. We here present a method to restore heavy quark flavour symmetry, correcting the masses of $B_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $B_{s1}$, and include the complete isospin breaking contributions up to next-to-leading order. With this we provide updated hadronic decay widths for all of $D_{s0}^{\ast }$, $D_{s1}$, $B_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $B_{s1}$. Results for the partial widths of the radiative deays of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ are also renewed in light of the much more precisely measured $D^{\ast +}$ width. We find that $B_s{\pi }^0$ and $B_s\gamma$ are the preferred channels for searching for $B_{s0}^{\ast }$ and $B_{s1}$, respectively.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJA(2022)·44 citations
5. 05*

   Confronting cosmic ray electron and positron excesses with hybrid triplet Higgs portal dark matter

   Shao-Long Chen🇨🇳 · Amit Dutta Banik🇨🇳 · Ze-Kun Liu🇨🇳

   We perform a detailed study of scalar dark matter with triplet Higgs extensions of the Standard Model in order to explain the cosmic ray electron and positron excesses reported by AMS-02 and DAMPE. A detailed analysis of AMS-02 positron excess reveals that for different orderings (normal, inverted and quasi-degenerate) of neutrino mass, the hybrid triplet Higgs portal framework is more favored with respect to the single triplet Higgs portal for TeV scale dark matter. We also show that the resonant peak and continuous excess in DAMPE cosmic ray data can be well explained with the hybrid triplet Higgs portal dark matter when a dark matter sub-halo nearby is taken into account.

   hep-phCPC(2022)·4 citations
6. 06*

   The strangest lifetime: A bizarre story of $\tau ({\Omega }_c^0)$

   Hai-Yang Cheng🇹🇼

   For a long time it has been established both experimentally and theoretically that ${\Omega }_c^0$ is shortest-lived among the four singly charmed baryons which decay weakly. The situation was dramatically changed in 2018 when LHCb reported a new measurement of the ${\Omega }_c^0$ lifetime using semileptonic $b$-hadron decays. The value is nearly four times larger than the previous world average of $\tau ({\Omega }_c^0)$ and it is confirmed by the most recent LHCb measurement with the prompt production. In this viewpoint article, we review the status and point out that heavy quark expansion (HQE) fails to apply to ${\Omega }_c^0$ to the order of $1/m_c^4$. By demanding a sensible HQE for ${\Omega }_c^0$ will lead to a lifetime of ${\Omega }_c^0$ longer than ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latSci. Bull. \textbf{67}, 445-447 (2022)·18 citations
7. 07*

   Aspects of BFKL physics at HERA

   H. Jung (Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany)🇩🇪

   Aspects of small x physics at HERA are discussed in honor of the work of Lev Lipatov, who influenced and motivated a whole generation of physicists to investigate this new region of phase space. The introduction of transverse momentum dependent parton densities is one of the essential aspects of small x and BFKL physics, and its extension to all flavors with application to various processes marks a new milestone.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
8. 08*

   Reconciling the FOPT and CIPT Predictions for the Hadronic Tau Decay Rate

   Miguel A. Benitez-Rathgeb🇦🇹 · Diogo Boito🇧🇷 · Andre H. Hoang🇦🇹 · Matthias Jamin🇦🇹

   In a recent work it was suggested that the discrepancy observed in the perturbation series behavior of the $\tau$ hadronic decay rate determined in the FOPT and CIPT approaches can be explained from a different infrared sensitivity inherent to both methods, assuming that the major source of the discrepancy is the asymptotic behavior of the series related to the gluon condensate renormalon. This implies that the predictions of both methods may be reconciled in infrared subtracted perturbation theory. In this talk we explore this implication concretely in the large-${\beta }_0$ approximation, where the perturbation series is known to all orders, using a renormalon-free scheme for the gluon condensate.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2025)·14 citations
9. 09*

   Differential Cross Section Predictions for PRad-II from Dispersion Theory

   Yong-Hui Lin🇩🇪 · Hans-Werner Hammer🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

   We predict the differential cross sections for $e^{-}p$ and $e^{+}p$ elastic scattering in the PRad-\Rom{2} energy region. The prediction is based on form factors obtained in our previous high-precision analysis of space- and time-like data from dispersion theory and different sets of two-photon exchange corrections. We investigate the sensitivity of the cross sections to two-photon exchange effects and find that the differences between model calculations and phenomenological extractions of the two-photon corrections can not be resolved if the uncertainty in the form factors is taken into account.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exPLB(2022)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Enhancing the Large Hadron Collider Sensitivity to Charged and Neutral Broad Resonances of New Gauge Sectors

    Juri Fiaschi🇬🇧 · Francesco Giuli🇨🇭 · Francesco Hautmann🇧🇪 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧

    In scenarios beyond the Standard Model (BSM) characterized by charged ($W^{\prime }$) or neutral ($Z^{\prime }$) massive gauge bosons with large width, resonant mass searches are not very effective, so that one has to exploit the tails of the mass distributions measured at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In this case, the LHC sensitivity to new physics signals is influenced significantly by systematic uncertainties associated with the Parton Distribution Functions (PDF), particularly in the valence quark sector relevant for the multi-TeV mass region. As a BSM framework featuring such conditions, we consider the 4-Dimensional Composite Higgs Model (4DCHM), in which multiple $W^{\prime }$ and $Z^{\prime }$ broad resonances are present, with strongly correlated properties. By using the QCD tool xFitter, we study the implications on $W^{\prime }$ and $Z^{\prime }$ searches in Drell-Yan (DY) lepton decay channels that follow from the reduction of PDF uncertainties obtained through combining high-statistics precision measurements of DY lepton-charge and forward-backward asymmetries. We find that the sensitivity to the BSM states is greatly increased with respect to the case of base PDF sets, thereby enabling one to set more stringent limits on (or indeed discover) such new particles, both independently and in correlated searches.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·21 citations
11. 11*

    Doubly heavy baryons in Born-Oppenheimer EFT

    Jaume Tarrús Castellà🇺🇸

    We report on the recent progress on the computation of the doubly heavy baryon spectrum in effective field theory. The effective field theory is built upon the heavy-quark mass and adiabatic expansions. The potentials can be expressed as NRQCD Wilson loops with operator insertions. These are nonperturbative objects and so far only the one corresponding to the static potential has been computed with lattice QCD. We review the proposal for a parametrization of the potentials based in an interpolation between the short- and long-distance regimes. The long-distance description is obtained with a newly proposed Effective String Theory which coincides with the previous ones for pure gluodynamics but it is extended to contain a fermion field. We show the doubly heavy baryon spectrum with hyperfine contributions obtained using these parametrizations for the hyperfine potentials.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJ Web Conf.(2022)·5 citations
12. 12*

    Reliable Equations of State of Viscous Strong and Electroweak Matter

    Abdel Nasser Tawfik (Egyptian Ctr. Theor. Phys., Cairo and WLCAPP, Cairo)🇪🇬

    For the first time, a reliable estimation for the equations of state (EoS), bulk viscosity, and relaxation time, at temperatures ranging from a few MeV up to TeV or energy density up to $10^{16}$GeV/fm${}^3$. This genuine study covers both strong and electroweak epochs of the early Universe. Non--perturbation (up, down, strange, charm, and bottom quark flavor) and perturbative calculations (up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top quark flavors), are phenomenologically combined, at vanishing baryon--chemical potential. In these results, calculations from Polyakov linear--sigma model (PLSM) of the vacuum and thermal condensations of the gluons and the quarks (up, down, strange, and charm flavors) are also integrated. Furthermore, additional degrees of freedom (photons, neutrinos, charged leptons, electroweak particles, and scalar Higgs boson) are found significant along the entire range of temperatures. As never done before, the present study brings the standard model of elementary particles closer to the standard model for cosmology.

    hep-phgr-qc1 citation
13. 13*

    Upper Limit on the QCD Axion Mass from Isolated Neutron Star Cooling

    Malte Buschmann🇺🇸 · Christopher Dessert🇺🇸 · Joshua W. Foster🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Long🇺🇸 · Benjamin R. Safdi🇺🇸

    The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion may modify the cooling rates of neutron stars (NSs). The axions are produced within the NS cores from nucleon bremsstrahlung and, when the nucleons are in superfluid states, Cooper pair breaking and formation processes. We show that four of the nearby isolated Magnificent Seven NSs along with PSR J0659 are prime candidates for axion cooling studies because they are coeval, with ages of a few hundred thousand years known from kinematic considerations, and they have well-measured surface luminosities. We compare these data to dedicated NS cooling simulations incorporating axions, profiling over uncertainties related to the equation of state, NS masses, surface compositions, and superfluidity. Our calculations of the axion and neutrino emissivities include high-density suppression factors that also affect SN 1987A and previous NS cooling limits on axions. We find no evidence for axions in the isolated NS data, and within the context of the KSVZ QCD axion model we constrain $m_a\lesssim 16$ meV at 95% confidence. An improved understanding of NS cooling and nucleon superfluidity could further improve these limits or lead to the discovery of the axion at weaker couplings.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRL(2022)·195 citations
14. 14*

    Unitarity Bounds on Effective Field Theories at the LHC

    Timothy Cohen🇺🇸 · Joel Doss🇺🇸 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸

    Effective Field Theory (EFT) extensions of the Standard Model are tools to compute observables $(e.g.$ cross sections with partonic center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{\hat{s}})$ as a systematically improvable expansion suppressed by a new physics scale $M$. If one is interested in EFT predictions in the parameter space where $M<\sqrt{\hat{s}}$, concerns of self-consistency emerge, which can manifest as a violation of perturbative partial-wave unitarity. However, when we search for the effects of an EFT at a hadron collider with center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ using an inclusive strategy, we typically do not have access to the event-by-event value of $\sqrt{\hat{s}}$. This motivates the need for a formalism that incorporates parton distribution functions into the perturbative partial-wave unitarity analysis. Developing such a framework and initiating an exploration of its implications is the goal of this work. Our approach opens up a potentially valid region of the EFT parameter space where $M\ll \sqrt{s}$. We provide evidence that there exist valid EFTs in this parameter space. The perturbative unitarity bounds are sensitive to the details of a given search, an effect we investigate by varying kinematic cuts.

    hep-phJHEP(2022)·21 citations
15. 15*

    Neutrino Physics Opportunities with the IsoDAR Source at Yemilab

    J. Alonso🇺🇸 · C.A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · A. Bungau🇺🇸 · J.M. Conrad🇺🇸 · B. Dutta🇺🇸 · Y.D. Kim🇰🇷 · E. Marzec🇺🇸 · D. Mishins🇺🇸 · S.H. Seo🇰🇷 · M. Shaevitz🇺🇸 · J. Spitz🇺🇸 · A. Thompson🇺🇸 · L. Waites🇺🇸 · D. Winklehner🇺🇸

    IsoDAR seeks to place a high-power-cyclotron and target combination, as an intense source of ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ at the level of $\sim 10^{23}$/year, close to a kiloton-scale neutrino detector in order to gain sensitivity to very short-baseline neutrino oscillations (${\bar{\nu }}_e\to {\bar{\nu }}_e$) and perform precision tests of the weak interaction, among other physics opportunities. Recently, IsoDAR has received preliminary approval to be paired with the 2.26~kton target volume liquid scintillator detector at the Yemi Underground Laboratory (Yemilab) in Korea, at a 17~m center-to-center baseline, and cavern excavation for IsoDAR is now complete. In this paper, we present the physics capabilities of IsoDAR@Yemilab in terms of sensitivity to oscillations (via inverse beta decay, IBD; ${\bar{\nu }}_e+p\to e^{+}+n$), including initial-state wavepacket effects, and the weak mixing angle (via elastic scattering off atomic electrons, ${\bar{\nu }}_e+e^{-}\to {\bar{\nu }}_e+e^{-}$). We also introduce a study of IsoDAR sensitivity to new particles, such as a light $X$ boson, produced in the target that decays to ${\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_e$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2022)·43 citations
16. 16*

    Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Limits and Relic Gravitational Waves Detection Prospects

    Tina Kahniashvili🇺🇸 · Emma Clarke🇺🇸 · Jonathan Stepp🇺🇸 · Axel Brandenburg🇸🇪

    We revisit the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) limits on primordial magnetic fields and/or turbulent motions accounting for the decaying nature of turbulent sources between the time of generation and BBN. This leads to larger estimates for the gravitational wave (GW) signal than previously expected. We address the detection prospects through space-based interferometers (for GWs generated around the electroweak energy scale) as well as pulsar timing arrays and astrometric missions (for GWs generated around the quantum chromodynamics energy scale).

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRL(2022)·20 citations
17. 17*

    A formal notion of genericity and term-by-term vanishing superpotentials at supersymmetric vacua from R-symmetric Wess-Zumino models

    James Brister🇨🇳 · Zheng Sun🇨🇳 · Greg Yang🇺🇸

    It is known in previous literature that if a Wess-Zumino model with an R-symmetry gives a supersymmetric vacuum, the superpotential vanishes at the vacuum. In this work, we establish a formal notion of genericity, and show that if the R-symmetric superpotential has generic coefficients, the superpotential vanishes term-by-term at a supersymmetric vacuum. This result constrains the form of the superpotential which leads to a supersymmetric vacuum. It may contribute to a refined classification of R-symmetric Wess-Zumino models, and find applications in string constructions of vacua with small superpotentials. A similar result for a scalar potential system with a scaling symmetry is discussed.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2021)·6 citations
18. 18*

    On the number of $e$-folds in the Jordan and Einstein frames

    Antonio Racioppi🇪🇪 · Martin Vasar🇪🇪

    We investigate how inflationary predictions are affected by the difference in the number of $e$-folds between the Jordan and Einstein frames. We study several test models in relation to a Jordan frame defined by the common Higgs-inflation-like non-minimal coupling to gravity and consider two different formulations of gravity: metric and Palatini. We find that the difference is quite contained in case of a metric Jordan frame while can be quite remarkable in case of a Palatini Jordan frame. We also discuss a way to overcome the discrepancy by introducing a frame invariant physical distance and a consequently frame invariant number of $e$-folds.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2022)·30 citations
19. 19*

    Imprint of chiral symmetry restoration on the Polyakov loop and the heavy quark free energy

    David Anthony Clarke🇩🇪 · Olaf Kaczmarek🇩🇪 · Frithjof Karsch🇩🇪 · Anirban Lahiri🇩🇪 · Mugdha Sarkar🇩🇪

    The Polyakov loop expectation value $⟨P⟩$ is an order parameter of the deconfinement transition in the heavy quark mass regime, whereas its sensitivity to the deconfinement of light, dynamical quarks is not apparent. From the perspective of an effective Lagrangian in the vicinity of the chiral transition, the Polyakov loop, $P$, is an energy-like observable, and $⟨P⟩$ should hence scale like the energy density. Using $N_f=2+1$ HISQ configurations at finite lattice spacing, we show that near the chiral transition temperature, the scaling behavior of $⟨P⟩$ and the heavy quark free energy $F_q$ is consistent with energy-like observables in the 3-$d$, O($N$) universality class. We extend this analysis to other Polyakov loop observables, including the response of the heavy quark free energy, $F_q$, to the baryon chemical potential, which is expected to scale like a specific heat.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2022)·1 citation
20. 20*

    FLAG Review 2021

    Y. Aoki🇯🇵 · T. Blum🇺🇸 · G. Colangelo🇨🇭 · S. Collins🇩🇪 · M. Della Morte🇩🇰 · P. Dimopoulos🇮🇹 · S. Dürr🇩🇪 · X. Feng🇨🇳 · H. Fukaya🇯🇵 · M. Golterman🇺🇸 · Steven Gottlieb🇺🇸 · R. Gupta🇺🇸 and 25 other authors

    We review lattice results related to pion, kaon, $D$-meson, $B$-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor $f_{+}(0)$ arising in the semileptonic $K\to \pi$ transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio $f_K/f_{\pi }$ and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements $V_{us}$ and $V_{ud}$. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of $SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R$ and $SU(3{)}_L\times SU(3{)}_R$ Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the $B_K$ parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four $B$ parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for $m_c$ and $m_b$ as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phEPJC(2022)·967 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.