Tue·Jun 24, 2025Tuesday·June 24, 2025

1. 01*

   The measurement of the ${}^{99}$Tc $\beta$-decay spectrum and its implications for the effective value of weak axial coupling

   J. W. Song🇰🇷 · M. Ramalho🇫🇮 · M. K. Lee🇰🇷 · G. B. Kim🇺🇸 · I. Kim🇺🇸 · H. L. Kim🇺🇸 · Y. C. Lee🇰🇷 · K. R. Woo🇰🇷 · J. Kotila🇫🇮 · J. Kostensalo🇫🇮 · J. Suhonen🇫🇮 · H. J. Kim🇰🇷

   Measurements of $\beta$-spectral shapes is an important way to examine the effective value of the weak axial coupling $g_{\mathrm{A}}$. These stu\ dies focus specifically on forbidden non-unique ${\beta }^{-}$ transitions, as only in these cases is the spectral shape directly sensitive to th\ e ratio $g_{\mathrm{A}}/g_{\mathrm{V}}$. Here, the value of the weak vector coupling constant, $g_{\mathrm{V}}$, is fixed at 1.0 according to the Conserve\ d Vector Current (CVC) hypothesis. In previous studies for the fourth-forbidden non-unique ${\beta }^{-}$ decays of ${}^{113}$Cd [J.~Kostensalo \textit{et al.}, Phys. Lett. B 822, 136652 (2021)] and ${}^{115}$In [A.~F. Leder \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 232502 \ (2022) and L. Pagnanini \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 122501 (2024)] a quenched value was determined for the ratio $g_{\mathrm{A}}/g_{\mathrm{V}}$ using $g_{\mathrm{V}}=1.0$. A notable exception is the recent measurement and analysis of the second-forbidden non-unique $\beta$-decay transition in ${}^{99}$Tc, performed by M. Paulsen \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. C 110, 05503(2024). Where an enhanced ratio $$\begin{gathered} g_{ \\ rmA}/g_{\mathrm{V}}=1.526(92) \end{gathered}$$ was suggested. To resolve this apparently contradictory situation with the effective value of $g_{\mathrm{A}}$, we hav\ e performed calculations based on the nuclear shell model (NSM) Hamiltonians glekpn, jj45pnb, and the MQPM approach with a careful considera\ tion of the small relativistic vector nuclear matrix element (sNME). The theoretical spectra were compared to the ${}^{99}$Tc $\beta$-decay sp\ ectrum by using the 4$\pi$ gold absorber with a Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter (MMC). In all cases, we found that the data matches well with \ reduced $g_{\mathrm{A}}$/$g_{\mathrm{V}}$ values of 1.0--1.2. Our result contradicts the previously reported measurement for ${}^{99}$Tc and instead sup\ ports a quenched axial coupling as reported for other isotopes.

   nucl-ex1 citation
2. 02*

   New Determination of the ${}^{14}$C(n, $\gamma$)${}^{15}$C Reaction Rate and Its Astrophysical Implications

   Yuchen Jiang (1) · Zhenyu He (2)🇨🇳 · Yudong Luo (3)🇨🇳 · Wenyu Xin (4 and 5) · Jie Chen (6)🇨🇳 · Xinyue Li (7)🇨🇳 · Yangping Shen (1) · Bing Guo (1) · Guo Li (8)🇨🇳 · Danyang Pang (9 and 10)🇨🇳 · Tianli Ma (1) · Weike Nan (6) · Toshitaka Kajino (2 and 11 and 12)🇨🇳 · Weiping Liu (6 and 1) ((1) China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China, (2) School of Physics, International Research Center for Big-Bang Cosmology and Element Genesis, Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China, (3) School of Physics, Peking University, and Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China, (4) School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, (5) Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, (6) Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, (7) Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, (8) National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (9) School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China, (10) Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials and Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China, (11) National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan, (12) Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan)

   We present a novel experiment to investigate the spectroscopic factor of the ${}^{15}$C ground state for the first time using single-neutron $removal$ transfer reactions on ${}^{15}$C. Two consistent spectroscopic factors were derived from the (p, d) and (d, t) reactions, which were subsequently used to deduce the ${}^{14}$C(n, $\gamma$)${}^{15}$C reaction cross section and the corresponding stellar reaction rate. A typical cross section of (3.89 $\pm$ 0.76) $\mu$b is determined at $E_{{}_{c.m.}}$ = 23.3 keV. At the temperature range of 0.01-4 GK, our new reaction rate is 2.4-3.7 times higher than that of the first direct measurement and 20\%-25\% lower than that of the most recent direct measurement, respectively. Moreover, it is interesting that we can associate a long-standing nuclear structure issue, i.e., the so-called ``quenching'' effect, with this astrophysically relevant reaction. Finally, motivated by astrophysical interests of this reaction decades ago, implications of our new rate on several astrophysical problems are evaluated using state-of-the-art theoretical models. Our calculations demonstrate that the abundances of ${}^{14}$N and ${}^{15}$N can be enhanced in the inner regions of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, though with minimal impact on the chemical compositions of the interstellar medium. In the inhomogeneous Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the updated reaction rate can lead to a $\sim 20\%$ variation in the final yields of ${}^{15}$N in neutron rich regions. For the $r$-process in the core-collapse supernovae, a slight difference of $\sim 0.2\%$ in the final abundances of heavy elements with $A>90$ can be found by using our new rate.

   nucl-exastro-ph.HEApJ(2025)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Imaging nuclear shape through anisotropic and radial flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

   STAR Collaboration

   Most atomic nuclei exhibit ellipsoidal shapes characterized by quadrupole deformation ${\beta }_2$ and triaxiality $\gamma$, and sometimes even a pear-like octupole deformation ${\beta }_3$. The STAR experiment introduced a new "imaging-by-smashing" technique [arXiv:2401.06625, arXiv:2501.16071] to image the nuclear global shape by colliding nuclei at ultra-relativistic speeds and analyzing outgoing debris. Features of nuclear shape manifest in collective observables like anisotropic flow $v_n$ and radial flow via mean transverse momentum $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$. We present new measurements of the variances of $v_n$ ($n=2$, 3, and 4) and $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, and the covariance of $v_n^2$ with $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$, in collisions of highly deformed ${}^{238}$U and nearly spherical ${}^{197}$Au. Ratios of these observables between the two systems effectively suppress common final-state effects, isolating the strong impact of uranium's deformation. By comparing results with state-of-the-art hydrodynamic model calculations, we extract ${\beta }_{2\mathrm{U}}$ and ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{U}}$ values consistent with those deduced from low-energy nuclear structure measurements. Measurements of $v_3$ and its correlation with $[p_{\mathrm{T}}]$ also provide the first experimental suggestion of a possible octupole deformation for ${}^{238}$U. These findings provide significant support for using high-energy collisions to explore nuclear shapes on femtosecond timescales, with implications for both nuclear structure and quark-gluon plasma studies.

   nucl-exhep-phnucl-thRept.Prog.Phys.(2025)·43 citations
4. 04*

   UrQMD Simulations of Higher-order Cumulants in Au+Au Collisions at High Baryon Density

   Xin Zhang🇨🇳 · Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiaofeng Luo🇨🇳 · Nu Xu🇨🇳

   High moments of conserved quantities such as net-baryon, net-electric charge, and net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions are sensitive to fluctuations caused by the QCD critical point (CP). The event-by-event analysis of high moments of the conserved charges has been widely used in experiments to search for the CP, especially in the RHIC-STAR experiment. In order to establish a {\it dynamical non-critical base line}, especially at the high baryon density region, we have performed a systematic analysis of the proton multiplicity distributions from Au+Au collisions at 3 $\le$ $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ $\le$ 9.2 GeV collisions. The results on beam energy, centrality and rapidity width dependence of proton (factorial) cumulants, up to the $4^{th}$ order, are extracted from the calculations of the hadronic transport model UrQMD. In addition, the effects of initial volume fluctuation is also discussed. These results will be important when we do physics analysis the RHIC beam energy scan (BES) data, especially for the fixed-target data and experimental data from future CBM experiment at FAIR.

   nucl-exhep-phCPC(2026)·4 citations
5. 05*

   Neutron skin thickness for ${}^{nat}$Pb, ${}^{159}$Tb and effects of deformation on matter radii for Mg, Na, Ar isotopes

   Shingo Tagami🇯🇵 · Takaykui Myo🇯🇵 · Masanobu Yahiro🇯🇵

   Data on reaction cross section ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{R}}$ of proton scattering are available for ${}^{nat}$Pb (natural lead) and ${}^{159}$Tb. In addition, data on ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{R}}$ and/or interaction ones ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{I}}$ are available for Mg, Na, Ar isotopes. Our aim is to determine neutron skin thickness $r_{\mathrm{skin}}$ for ${}^{nat}$Pb, ${}^{159}$Tb and to investigate effects of deformation for Mg, Na, Ar isotopes. We use the chiral (Kyushu) $g$-matrix folding model for lower energies and the folding model based on the Love-Franey (LF) $t$-matrix for higher energies. For ${}^{159}$Tb, our skin value is $r_{\mathrm{skin}}=0.273\pm 0.073$~fm. As for ${}^{24}$Mg, our matter radius $r_{\mathrm{m}}({\sigma }_{\mathrm{R}})=3.03\pm 0.08$~fm determined from ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{R}}$ includes effects of deformation, whereas the corresponding $r_{\mathrm{m}}({\sigma }_{\mathrm{I}})=2.79\pm 0.15$~fm does not. Effects of deformation are seen for Mg isotopes, ${}^{21,23}$Na, ${}^{40}$Ar. Our result $r_{\mathrm{skin}}=0.271\pm 0.008$~fm for ${}^{nat}$Pb agrees with $r_{\mathrm{skin}}^{208}(\mathrm{PREX}\text{-}\mathrm{II})=0.283\pm 0.071$~fm for ${}^{208}$Pb, where we assume $A=208$ for ${}^{nat}$Pb.

   nucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Nuclear Cold QCD: Review and Future Strategy

   F. Arleo🇫🇷 · P. Caucal🇫🇷 · A. Deshpande🇺🇸 · J. M. Durham🇺🇸 · G. M. Innocenti🇺🇸 · J. Jalilian-Marian🇺🇸 · A. Kusina🇵🇱 · M. X. Liu🇺🇸 · Y. Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸 · C.-J. Naïm🇺🇸 · H. Paukkunen🇫🇮 · S. Platchkov🇫🇷 and 3 other authors

   This review examines data from hadron-nucleus collisions, primarily focusing on hard processes like Drell-Yan, heavy flavor and quarkonium production. It highlights observed modifications of particle yields as functions of momentum and rapidity, aiming to clarify the underlying QCD effects in cold nuclear matter (CNM). The paper outlines strategies for future experiments, including the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), to distinguish between these effects. Key questions address the universality of suppression mechanisms and the role of non-perturbative physics, providing a road map for upcoming nuclear data.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRC(2026)·15 citations
7. 07*

   System size dependence of charged hadrons directed flow at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV using a multi-phase transport model

   Kishora Nayak🇮🇳 · Vipul Bairathi🇨🇱

   The directed flow ($v_1$) of charged hadrons ($h^{\pm }$) in symmetric collision systems (O+O, Cu+Cu, Zr+Zr, Ru+Ru, Au+Au, and U+U) at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV using string-melting version of A Multiphase Transport (AMPT-SM) model is reported. The $v_1$ as a function of pseudo-rapidity ($\eta$) is obtained for transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) ranges of 0.2-2.0 GeV/$c$ and 2.0-5.0 GeV/$c$. The dependence of $v_1$-slope ($d{v}_1/d\eta$) at mid-rapidity on $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range, collision centrality, and system size are discussed particularly in the context of the hard-soft asymmetry in the flow profiles of produced particles. In the AMPT-SM model, a system size independence of the magnitude of $d{v}_1/d\eta$ between Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ is observed, and this finding is similar to the observation from the STAR experiment at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 200 GeV. In contrast, a strong centrality and system size dependence, with the opposite sign of $d{v}_1/d\eta$, is found for the high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ charged hadrons. The AMPT-SM model demonstrates a clear violation of the expected scaling of charged hadrons $(d{v}_1/d\eta )/A^{1/3}$ across different colliding systems.

   ↳ hep-phhep-exnucl-exEPJC(2025)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Investigation of the neutron-proton effective mass splitting via heavy ion collisions: Constraints and Implications

   Junping Yang🇨🇳 · Meiqi Sun🇨🇳 · Ying Cui🇨🇳 · Yangyang Liu🇨🇳 · Zhuxia Li🇨🇳 · Kai Zhao🇨🇳 · Yingxun Zhang🇨🇳

   The neutron-proton effective mass splitting ($\Delta m_{np}^{\ast }$) is investigated through analyses of heavy-ion collisions using the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model with both standard and extended Skyrme interactions. By uncovering the strong correlation between the slope of the neutron-to-proton yield ratio with respect to the kinetic energy (i.e., $S_{n/p}$) and $\Delta m_{np}^{\ast }$, we reveal that the constraints of the neutron-proton effective mass splitting via heavy ion collisions depend on the kinetic energy region of the emitted nucleons. At low kinetic energies, the data favor $m_n^{\ast }>m_p^{\ast }$ which is consistent with the nucleon-nucleus scattering analysis, while at high kinetic energies, they favor $m_n^{\ast }<m_p^{\ast }$. Our findings partly resolve the longstanding discrepancy in the constraints of neutron-proton effective mass splitting with heavy ion collisions and nucleon-nucleus scattering, and significantly advance the understanding of nucleon effective mass splitting through heavy ion collisions.

   ↳ nucl-thnucl-exPRC(2025)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Towards Quantum Simulation of Rotating Nuclei using Quantum Variational Algorithms

   Dhritimalya Roy🇮🇳 · Somnath Nag🇮🇳

   Quantum variational algorithms (QVAs) are increasingly potent tools for simulating quantum many-body systems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. This work examines the application of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) to four progressively complex models based on the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) framework. By incorporating single-particle spacings, pairing correlations, and rotational cranking terms, we evaluate VQE performance against exact diagonalization (ED) benchmarks. We provide a systematic benchmarking of VQE across a hierarchy of CNS-inspired Hamiltonians, explicitly identifying where hardware-efficient ansatz succeed and fail, and introducing quantum information diagnostics, the entanglement spectrum and Quantum Fisher Information, as novel probes of the pairing-rotation. Our results demonstrate that with a properly optimised multi-restart warm-starting strategy, VQE achieves near-machine-precision convergence ($|\Delta E|<10^{-4}$) across the full cranking frequency range $\omega \in [0,1.2]$ and we confirm that the same strategy reproduces an established ${}^6$He shell-model pairing benchmark, demonstrating that the RealAmplitudes ansatz is expressively sufficient for this problem class. The entanglement spectrum confirms the product-state character of the exact ground state throughout the pairing-rotation transition, while the Quantum Fisher Information identifies a finite-size precursor to the critical pair-breaking frequency. These results establish a systematic methodological baseline and provide a reproducible framework for the nuclear physics community.

   ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exquant-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2026)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Concept of the UCN Source at the WWR-K Reactor (AlSUN)

    Sayabek Sakhiyev🇰🇿 · Kylyshbek Turlybekuly · Asset Shaimerdenov · Darkhan Sairanbayev · Avganbek Sabidolda · Zhanibek · Kurmanaliyev · Akzhol Almukhametov · Olzhas Bayakhmetov · Ruslan Kiryanov · Ekaterina Korobkina🇺🇸 · Egor Lychagin🇷🇺 and 4 other authors

    We present the concept of the ultracold neutron (UCN) source with a superfluid helium-4 converter located in the thermal column of the WWR-K research reactor at the Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The conceptual design is based on the idea of accumulating UCNs in the source and effectively transporting them to experimental setups. We propose to improve the UCN density in the source by separating the heat and the UCN flows from the production volume and decreasing both, the temperature of the SuperFluid ${}^4$He (SF ${}^4$He) converter below $\sim$1 K and the coefficient of UCN wall loss below $\sim$$10^{-4}$. To achieve the operation temperatures below 1 K we plan to use a He-3 pumping cryogenic system and minimize the thermal load on the UCN accumulation trap walls. Additional gain in the total number of accumulated UCNs can be achieved due to use of a material of a high critical velocity for the walls of the accumulation trap. The implementation of such a design critically depends on the availability of materials with specific UCN and cryogenic properties. This paper describes the conceptual design of the source, discusses its implementation methods and material requirements, and plans for material testing studies.

    ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-exMDPI Physics(2025)·2 citations
11. 11*

    Inferring Neutron Star Nuclear Properties from Gravitational-Wave and Gamma-Ray Burst Observations

    Hsin-Yu Chen🇺🇸 · Ore Gottlieb🇺🇸

    Recent discoveries of long gamma-ray bursts accompanied by kilonova emission prompted interest in understanding their progenitors. If these long-duration bursts arise from neutron star mergers, similar to short gamma-ray bursts, it raises the question of which physical properties govern burst duration. The mass of the merger stands out as a key factor, strongly influencing the lifetime of the merger remnant, which in turn determines the burst duration: lighter mergers that form long-lived remnants produce short bursts, whereas more massive mergers result in short-lived remnants that collapse into black holes, powering longer bursts. In this paper, we compare merger rates from gravitational-wave observations of LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA with the rates of kilonova-associated long and short gamma-ray bursts, to identify a characteristic total neutron star mass that separates the two burst classes at $1.36_{-0.09}^{+0.08}$ times of the neutron star Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) mass (median and 68% confidence interval). This result suggests that massive neutron stars could survive an extended period after merger. Our findings are robust against substantial observational uncertainties and model assumptions. Moreover, we identify a correlation between the characteristic mass and the neutron star TOV mass, allowing constraints on the characteristic mass to be directly mapped to upper limits on the TOV mass. This establishes a novel, independent method for constraining the neutron star TOV mass and their equation of state using gravitational-wave and gamma-ray burst observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qcnucl-exApJ(2026)·4 citations
12. 12*

    Existence of nuclear modifications on longitudinal-transverse structure-function ratio

    S. Kumano🇨🇳

    It has been assumed that nuclear modification does not exist in the longitudinal-transverse structure-function ratio $R_N=F_L^N/(2x{F}_1^N)$ in lepton deep inelastic scattering. This assumption is widely used in obtaining structure functions of the "nucleon" from nuclear data such as the deuteron ones. However, nuclear modifications do exist theoretically at least in medium- and large-$x$ regions because nucleons in a nucleus move in any direction, which is not necessarily the longitudinal direction of the virtual-photon or weak-boson momentum in lepton scattering. Because of this transverse motion, the nucleon's transverse and longitudinal structure functions should mix with each other in nuclei with the mixture probability proportional to the nucleon's transverse momentum squared ${\vec{p}}_T^2/Q^2$. In this work, numerical results are explicitly shown regarding such nuclear modifications in the deuteron. These nuclear modifications are important for determining precise structure functions of the nucleon. Furthermore, modifications of $R_N$ should be investigated also at small $x$ by the future electron-ion collider to find interesting gluon dynamics in nuclei. Hopefully, this nuclear effect of $R_N$ could be found by future experimental measurements at lepton accelerator facilities.

    ↳ hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PRC(2026)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Nuclear and neutron matter in the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory with next-to-leading order covariant chiral nuclear force

    Wei-Jiang Zou🇨🇳 · Yi-Long Yang🇨🇳 · Jun-Xu Lu🇨🇳 · Peng-Wei Zhao🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳 · Jie Meng🇨🇳

    The symmetric nuclear matter and pure neutron matter are investigated by the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock (RBHF) theory with the covariant chiral nuclear forces up to the next-to-leading order~(NLO). A fitting scheme to ensure the naturalness of the low-energy constants is proposed, which plays a crucial role in the proper description of nuclear matter. With a momentum cutoff $\Lambda =590$ MeV, the empirical saturation energy and density, as well as the incompressibility coefficient at the saturation density are reproduced well. The EoSs show less dependence on the momentum cutoff and become softer at densities above saturation density, in comparison with the previous leading order results. Given the good description for the saturation properties of nuclear matter, the present work encourages future studies of the finite nuclei in the framework of the RBHF theory with the NLO covariant chiral nuclear forces.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2026)·5 citations
14. 14*

    A new beamline for Resonant Excitation of Beams with Electromagnetic fields and Lasers (REBEL) and Stopping and Trapping of Radioactive Isotopes for Precision Experiments (STRIPE)

    Phillip Imgram🇩🇪 · Dinko Atanasov🇩🇪 · Michail Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis🇨🇭 · Paul Van den Bergh🇧🇪 · Tobias Christen · Ruben de Groote🇫🇮 · Ágota Koszorús🇨🇭 · Gerda Neyens🇧🇪 · Stefanos Pelonis

    We present two newly constructed experimental setups - REBEL (Resonant Excitation of Beams with Electromagnetic fields and Lasers) and STRIPE (Stopping and Trapping of Radioactive Isotopes for Precision Experiments) - integrated into a single offline beamline at KU Leuven. REBEL is designed for collinear laser spectroscopy of ion bunches following isobaric separation with a multireflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer, enabling high-sensitivity measurements of mass-selected fast-ion beams. In contrast, STRIPE focuses on the deceleration, trapping, and laser cooling of ions in a segmented linear Paul trap, optimized for long interrogation times and precision spectroscopy. The shared infrastructure features stable high-voltage operation ($<10$ ppm), modular vacuum sections, and a fast-beam switchyard to route ions to either experiment. Initial results include a mass-resolving power of $R\approx 12900$ in REBEL and successful ion trapping and laser cooling of ions with a kinetic energy of 10 keV in STRIPE, with improved performance achieved using a frequency-modulated cooling laser. This dual-system platform enables the development and benchmarking of advanced spectroscopy and trapping techniques and is compatible with future operation at radioactive ion beam facilities.

    ↳ physics.ins-detnucl-exphysics.app-phphysics.atom-phRev.Sci.Instrum.(2025)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Correlation between particle spectra and elliptic flow

    Tribhuban Parida🇮🇳 · Rupam Samanta🇵🇱 · Jean-Yves Ollitrault🇫🇷

    We introduce a new observable to probe the collective nature of the radial expansion of the quark-gluon plasma. This observable, dubbed $v_{02}(p_T)$, represents the correlation of the spectrum with elliptic flow, in the same way as the recently measured $v_0(p_T)$ represents the correlation of the spectrum with the transverse momentum per particle. The advantage of $v_{02}(p_T)$ over $v_0(p_T)$ is that it is measured using a three-particle cumulant, as opposed to a pair correlation, which significantly reduces the sensitivity to nonflow effects. We predict non-trivial differences between $v_{02}(p_T)$ and $v_0(p_T)$ in semi-central Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) on the basis of hydrodynamic simulations. A hint of these differences can be seen in the modification of $p_T$ spectra observed by ALICE in event-shape-engineered events.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPLB(2025)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.