Tue·Aug 19, 2025Tuesday·August 19, 2025

1. 01*

   High-Energy Neutrinos from Cosmic-Ray Scatterings with Supernova Neutrinos

   Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Shunsaku Horiuchi🇺🇸

   Cosmic rays scattering with neutrinos produced in supernovae induce a flux of supernova neutrinos boosted to high energies. We calculate the neutrino flux arising from this new mechanism in environments with large cosmic-ray and supernova densities, such as some Active Galactic Nuclei. Under plausible astrophysical conditions, this flux may be detectable with high-energy neutrino telescopes, just considering the proton-neutrino scattering cross section expected in the Standard Model. Furthermore, the center of mass energy of such scatterings can reach $\sqrt{s}\sim 10-100$ TeV, where the proton-neutrino cross section may be enhanced by new physics such as extra-dimensional theories. The boosted neutrino signal benefits from such an enhancement in the cross section not only at the detection point on Earth, but also at production in astrophysical sources, which allows us to set novel constraints on the ultra-high energy proton-neutrino cross section with neutrino telescopes.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·4 citations
2. 02*

   In-medium heavy quark-antiquark $T$-matrix without partial wave expansion

   Anurag Tiwari🇨🇳 · Min He🇨🇳

   The T-matrix of the heavy quark-antiquark ($Q\bar{Q}$) pair interacting through a screened Cornell potential in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is computed without employing the partial wave expansion. This is compared with the results obtained using the conventional method of partial wave expansion. Through a comprehensive survey over a range of screening mass and center-of-mass energy, which, when combined, determine the orbital angular momentum involved in the scattering through the associated force range and incident momentum, it is demonstrated that a substantial number of partial wave terms are necessary to precisely match the full scattering amplitude directly obtained from the method without partial wave expansion. For moderate screening masses (corresponding to one to two times the crossover transition temperature) and center-of-mass energy, the number of partial waves required for satisfactory matching turns out as large as 10-20, substantially larger than what one would expect based on simply measuring the magnitudes of the first few partial wave amplitudes. This highlights the efficiency of the new method in directly obtaining the full scattering amplitude needed for further computation of phenomenological observables. We also employ the new method to calculate the T-matrix at center-of-mass energies below the $Q\bar{Q}$ mass threshold, and demonstrate the presence of bound states of different orbital quantum numbers simultaneously in a single energy scan.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2026)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Simulation of heavy quarkonium equilibration in the quark-gluon plasma

   Shouxing Zhao🇨🇳 · Min He🇨🇳

   We simulate the heavy quarkonium equilibration through transport in a static and homogeneous quark-gluon plasma (QGP) box within the semi-classical Boltzmann approach incorporating both the leading-order and next-to-leading-order dissociation and regeneration reactions. The scattering amplitudes involved are taken from perturbative computations based on effective color-electric dipole coupling of the heavy quarkonium with thermal gluons. By coupling the Langevin simulation of single heavy quark diffusion and the Boltzmann transport of the heavy quarkonium in a real-time fashion, we demonstrate how the kinetic and chemical equilibrium of heavy quarkonium with single heavy quarks in the medium is achieved in terms of both the bound state's yields and momentum distributions. The pertinent equilibration time turns out to be comparable to the lifetime of the QGP created in the most central heavy-ion collisions at the LHC energies. The role of the intricate interplay between the open and hidden heavy sector in the process of equilibration is highlighted. This work provides a dynamical way of understanding the phenomenological success of statistical hadronization model for charmonium production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and also paves the way for realistic phenomenological applications to heavy quarkonium transport.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Analysis of the semileptonic decays ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ and ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ in QCD sum rules

   Jie Lu🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Yu🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳 · Bin Wu🇨🇳

   In this article, the electroweak transition form factors of ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c$ and ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_c$ are analyzed within the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. In phenomenological side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered. In QCD side, the perturbative part and the contributions of vacuum condensates up to dimension 8 are also included. With the estimated form factors, we study the decay widths and branching ratios of semileptonic decays ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ and ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ ($l=e,\mu$ and $\tau$). Our results for the branching ratios of ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ are comparable with experimental data and the results from other collaborations. In addition, our prediction for the branching ratio of ${\Xi }_b\to {\Xi }_{c}l{\bar{\nu }}_l$ can provide a valuable reference for future experimental measurements.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Dynamical quark mass and finite volume effects in the Dyson-Schwinger Equations

   Li-Juan Zhou🇨🇳 · De-Xian Wei🇨🇳 · Zhong-Yi Liu🇨🇳 · Hong-Wei Zhong🇨🇳

   Within the framework of Dyson-Schwinger equations(DSEs) and by means of the Multiple Reflection Expansion approximation, we study the finite volume effects of the constituent quark mass in a strong external magnetic field. Since the magnetic field has influence on the coupling constant, the coupling constant controls the strength of strongly interaction in QCD, so we adopt the magnetic-field-dependent running coupling constant in simulation. The results show that in addition to the magnetic field, the masses of constituent quarks also have a significant dependence on the volume and the running coupling constant. The model behaves close to the infinite volume limit for large size, but the effect of the finite volume is significant when the system size $R$ is about $2-6$ fm.The finite volume effects and the magnetic-field-dependent running coupling constant have considerable influence on the phase transition.

   hep-phCPC(2026)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Charmed hadron production in the QGSJET-III model: relevance to calculations of the prompt atmospheric neutrino background

   Sergey Ostapchenko🇩🇪 · Günter Sigl🇩🇪

   The treatment of charmed hadron production in the framework of the QGSJET-III Monte Carlo generator is developed, including both perturbative and nonperturbative contributions. For the former, a leading order (LO) perturbative formalism is employed. The so-called $K$-factor designed to take effectively into account higher order corrections, which controls the magnitude of the LO perturbative contribution, is fixed based on a comparison with experimental data on $D$ meson production at the Large Hadron Collider. For the nonperturbative intrinsic charm, a phenomenological Regge-based treatment is developed, with the corresponding normalization being chosen based on measurements of the spectra of ${\Lambda }_c$ baryons at large values of Feynman $x$. The model is applied for a calculation of the prompt atmospheric muon neutrino flux in the $10-100$ TeV and $1-10$ PeV energy intervals.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Pomeron evolution, entanglement entropy and Abramovskii-Gribov-Kancheli cutting rules

   Mustapha Ouchen🇮🇱 · Alex Prygarin🇮🇱

   We use Pomeron evolution equation in zero transverse dimension based on the Abramovskii-Gribov-Kancheli~(AGK) cutting rules to calculate the von Neumann entropy and $q$-moments that used as an experimental test for the Koba-Nielsen-Olesen~(KNO) scaling. In order to avoid the negative probabilities that emerge from the negative AGK weights in the Minkowski space, we reformulate the Pomeron evolution in the Euclidean space. The resulting positive definite probabilities for cut and uncut Pomerons are used in calculating the $q$-moments. The comparison to the experimental data shows that our AGK based model successfully describes $q$-moments dependence on the mean multiplicity without any adjustable parameter in the experimental data of the $\mathtt{p}-\mathtt{p}$ collisions by $\mathtt{ALICE}$ Collaboration.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
8. 08*

   QCD sum rule study of the tensor ${\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0$ dibaryon state

   M. Ahmadi🇮🇷 · H. Mohseni🇮🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷

   We study the exotic ${\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0$ dibaryon state with quantum numbers $J^P=2^{+}$ within the framework of QCD sum rules. A tensor interpolating current is constructed to determine the mass and residue of this state, including explicit calculations of contributions from quark, gluon, and mixed vacuum condensates up to dimension nine. The numerical analysis yields a mass of $m_{{\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0}=2426_{-108}^{+101}\mathrm{MeV}$ and a residue of $f_{{\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0}=\left(2.30_{-0.45}^{+0.49}\right)\times 10^{-4}{\mathrm{GeV}}^8$. The predicted mass lies about $38\mathrm{MeV}$ below the $2m_{{\Delta }^0}$ threshold, which indicates the possible existence of a bound molecular configuration. Consequently, the tensor ${\Delta }^0{\Delta }^0$ dibaryon may serve as a promising candidate for future experimental searches.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·1 citation
9. 09*

   A holographic analysis of the pion

   Jeff Forshaw🇬🇧 · Ruben Sandapen🇨🇦

   Being simultaneously a bound state and a pseudo-Goldstone boson of chiral symmetry breaking, the pion is an ideal probe of the intertwined phenomena of confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. Here, we compute the low energy pion observables with light-front holography, taking into account longitudinal dynamics using an ansatz that explores the strong degeneracy of the `t Hooft and Li-Vary models as well as their underlying connection in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$ as recently noted by Vegh.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Resolution of spin crisis, and notes on the Bjorken sum rule, anomaly and constituent quark

    J. Pasupathy · Janardhan P. Singh🇮🇳

    It is shown that the widely used parton model expression for $g_1$ in polarized proton-lepton scattering is incorrect as it ignores gluon-quark spin entanglement. Therefore, there is no spin crisis. A brief summary of results of the theoretical evaluation of non-octet axial vector current renormalization constants and anomaly -anomaly vacuum correlator is given. It suggests that anomaly plays an important role in the transformation of current quarks to constituent quarks and chiral symmetry breaking.

    hep-phhep-exhep-th0 citations
11. 11*

    Prospects for $P$ and $CP$ violation in ${\Lambda }_c^{+}$ decays with polarized beam at Super Tau-Charm Facility

    Hong-Jian Wang🇨🇳 · Cheng Wang🇨🇳 · Hao Sun🇨🇳 · Pei-Rong Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-Rui Lyu🇨🇳 · Rong-Gang Ping🇨🇳

    Weak decays of the charmed baryons offer an ideal platform to study parity ($P$) and charge conjugation-parity ($CP$) violation in quark sector, to stringently test the Standard Model and search for new physics. It is a key goal in the next-generation positron-electron collider, such as the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF). Thanks to the quantum-entangled pair production with super high luminosity and the possibility of beam polarization, STCF provides a unique environment to probe such symmetry violations with unprecedented sensitivity. In this paper, we evaluate the precisions of the $P$-violating parameters and subsequently obtain the expected sensitivity of the $CP$-violating parameters in charmed baryon decays of ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to p{\pi }^0$, $p\eta$, $\Lambda K^{+}$, ${\Sigma }^0{K}^{+}$, and ${\Sigma }^{+}{K}_S^0$, regarding to different polarization setups in STCF. The study suggests that the implementation of longitudinal beam polarization in STCF would greatly enhance the experimental capability in studying $P$ and $CP$ violation.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Bayesian Calibration of the Crossterms Eigenvolume HRG Model: Integrating Lattice QCD and Experimental Data

    Nachiketa Sarkar🇮🇳

    We perform a Bayesian calibration of the Cross--term Excluded-Volume Hadron Resonance Gas (Cross EV--HRG) model, which incorporates flavor-dependent repulsive interactions within a thermodynamically consistent framework. For the first time, the thermal model is simultaneously constrained using lattice QCD (LQCD) thermodynamic observables and centrality-resolved hadron yield data from Pb--Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\mathrm{TeV}$ measured by the ALICE Collaboration. We also find that the calibration outcome is strongly data-dependent in terms of constraining power and uncertainty structure. In particular, LQCD observables alone provide only weak constraints on the eigenvolume parameters, while the inclusion of hadron yield data substantially enhances the constraining power and induces a nontrivial reshaping of the posterior distributions. We further investigate the impact of correlated experimental systematic uncertainties by constructing a phenomenological covariance matrix and systematically varying its strength, demonstrating that a careful and consistent treatment of systematic correlations is essential for reliable parameter estimation. Across all calibration scenarios, the parameters associated with multi-strange hadrons remain only moderately constrained, which may reflect limitations of the currently established hadron resonance spectrum. No clear monotonic hierarchy of strange-hadron eigenvolume radii emerges within the present uncertainties, indicating that further dedicated studies are required.

    hep-ph1 citation
13. 13*

    Non-invertible Symmetry as a Solution to the Strong CP Problem in a GUT-inspired Standard Model

    Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇯🇵

    We propose a three-zero texture for the down-quark mass matrix within a $SU(5)$ GUT-inspired Standard Model, enforced by a non-invertible selection rule originating from ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauging of ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetries. Assuming CP invariance at the high-energy scale, our framework solves the strong CP problem while reproducing a realistic quark mass matrix. The CP symmetry is spontaneously broken down at an intermediate scale via complex vacuum expectation values of new scalar fields ${\eta }_i$, which generate the CP phase in the CKM matrix without inducing the QCD $\bar{\theta }$ term. The present model incorporates three generations of matter, Higgs, and additional scalars with a common structure under the non-invertible symmetry, which may be naturally embedded into $SO(10)$ GUTs at high energies.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·28 citations
14. 14*

    Triple-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquarks

    Samson Clymton🇰🇷 · Hyun-Chul Kim🇰🇷 · Terry Mart🇮🇩

    We investigate the possible existence of triple-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquark states in the off-shell coupled-channel formalism. The open-charm meson-baryon ${\bar{D}}_s{\Omega }_c$, ${\bar{D}}_s{\Omega }_c^{\ast }$, ${\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }{\Omega }_c$, and ${\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }{\Omega }_c^{\ast }$ channels are considered, together with the hidden-charm $J/\psi \Omega$ channel. The two-body kernel Feynman amplitudes are constructed from an effective Lagrangian based on hidden local symmetry and heavy-quark spin symmetry. The coupled Blankenbecler-Sugar equation is solved in the partial-wave helicity basis. We observe two triple-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquark states: $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4787)$ and $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4841)$, both with $J^P=1/2^{-}$. The $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4787)$ couples dominantly to the ${\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }{\Omega }_c$ and ${\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }{\Omega }_c^{\ast }$ channels, while the $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4841)$ couples almost exclusively to the ${\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }{\Omega }_c^{\ast }$ channel. The total transition cross sections of ${\bar{D}}_s^{(\ast )}{\Omega }_c^{(\ast )}\to J/\psi \Omega$ indicate that the $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4787)$ is clearly visible in the $J/\psi \Omega$ invariant mass spectrum, whereas the $P_{c\bar{c}sss}(4841)$ is obscured by cusp structures and background contributions.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·7 citations
15. 15*

    Complete Light Long-Lived Particles searches in Type-I 2HDM

    Xueying Qi🇨🇳 · Huayang Song🇰🇷 · Wei Su🇨🇳

    Recently, the study of long-lived particles (LLPs) has attracted increasing attention. In this work, we analyze the full parameter space of the Type-I Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) that allows for light long-lived scalar ($H$) and pseudoscalar ($A$) particles. When involving a light beyongd Standard Model (BSM) Higgs, the $\Delta S$ could be the main contribution during the global fit of the oblique parameters, which is different to $\Delta T$ being the main factor for heavy BSM Higgs cases. By imposing theoretical constraints such as vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity, together with current experimental bounds, we summarize a complete region for a potential light $H$ with $\cos (\beta -\alpha )\simeq \frac{1}{\tan \beta }$, light $A$ with $\cos (\beta -\alpha )\simeq \frac{1}{\tan \beta }\frac{2m_H^2-m_h^2}{m_H^2-m_h^2}$, and point out the invisible Higgs decay is the most important constraint. We further identify viable regions for LLPs and propose four benchmark regions that simultaneously accommodate a light long-lived particle and explain the $W$ boson mass anomaly. For these benchmarks, we present the reaches of FASER and FASER~2, where FASER~2 improves the sensitivity by approximately two orders of magnitude compared to FASER.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·3 citations
16. 16*

    The spectra of $bc\bar{b}\bar{c}$ tetraquark states from a diquark-antidiquark perspective

    Zhen-Yang Wang🇨🇳 · Jing-Juan Qi🇨🇳 · Zhen-Hua Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin-Heng Guo🇨🇳

    Within the diquark-antidiquark framework, this study investigates the masses of ground-state tetraquarks composed of heavy charm ($c$) and bottom ($b$) quarks and antiquarks, using the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. We establish the Bethe-Salpeter equations for the fully heavy $bc\bar{b}\bar{c}$ tetraquarks to the leading order in $1/m_Q$ expansion. These equations are subsequently solved numerically under the covariant instantaneous approximation with kernels containing scalar confinement and one-gluon exchange terms. Our results show that the spectra of all possible $S$-wave tetraquark states are above the corresponding two lowest meson decay thresholds via the quark rearrangement. This implies that the ground $bc\bar{b}\bar{c}$ tetraquark states should be broad.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Stringy Constraints on Modular Flavor Models

    Keiya Ishiguro🇯🇵 · Takafumi Kai🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵

    We investigate stringy constraints on moduli spaces in modular flavor models by analyzing moduli-dependent threshold corrections in heterotic string vacua. While moduli play a crucial role in determining the flavor structure of fermions predicted by modular flavor models, the parameter space in which their vacuum expectation values are allowed has not been fully explored. In this work, within the framework of perturbative heterotic string theory on toroidal orbifolds, we derive constraints on the moduli space and study their systematic behavior. We characterize the stringy constraints in terms of the dilaton, the beta-function coefficients, and the ratio between a complex-structure modulus and a Kähler modulus. It is found that the large value of the modulus controlling the flavor structure, i.e., $\tau \simeq i\infty$, lies in the Swampland, and the self-dual point $\tau =i$ is also disfavored in the large volume regime of toroidal backgrounds. In addition, we discuss the phenomenological implications of these stringy constraints.

    hep-phhep-th1 citation
18. 18*

    Quantum-entangled B mesons and CP violation: a brief overview

    Zhi-zhong Xing🇨🇳

    This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of the quantum-entangled production of neutral meson-antimeson pairs, and to highlight the first discovery of a clean physical CP-violating phase in coherent neutral-$B$ decays as a smoking gun of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism of CP violation in the standard model of particle physics.

    hep-phhep-exInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·2 citations
19. 19*

    Roles of ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ molecular states in decay $B^{+}\to D^{\ast +}{D}^{-}{K}^{+}$

    Zuo-Ming Ding🇨🇳 · Qi Huang🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳

    This study investigates the three-body decay process $B^{+}\to D^{\ast +}{D}^{-}{K}^{+}$, aiming to explore the possible origins of $T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}^{\ast }(2870{)}^0$ and ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ as intermediate states. Within the molecular state framework, $T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}^{\ast }(2870{)}^0$ and ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ are considered as possible ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{}$ and $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ molecular states, respectively. Using effective Lagrangians, the interaction kernels of the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ systems are constructed within the one-boson-exchange model. The corresponding rescattering amplitudes and pole positions are obtained by solving the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation. These amplitudes are incorporated into the decay amplitude of the three-body process, and the $D^{-}{K}^{+}$ and $D^{\ast +}{D}^{-}$ invariant mass spectra are simulated via Monte Carlo methods. To better reproduce the experimental data, additional Breit-Wigner contributions from $T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}1}^{\ast }(2900{)}^0$, ${\chi }_{c1}(4010)$, and $h_c(4300)$ are included. The results show a pronounced enhancement near 2900 MeV in the $D^{-}{K}^{+}$ invariant mass spectrum, strongly supporting the interpretation of $T_{\bar{c}\bar{s}0}^{\ast }(2870{)}^0$ as a ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecular state. While the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecular state provides a reasonable contribution to the $D^{-}{K}^{+}$ spectrum, the $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ molecular state yields no significant effect on either the $D^{-}{K}^{+}$ or $D^{\ast +}{D}^{-}$ distributions. This suggests that the observed ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$ structure around 3872 MeV may not be interpreted as a $D^{\ast }\bar{D}$ molecular state.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
20. 20*

    Completing Axion Double Level Crossings

    Hai-Jun Li🇨🇳 · Wei Chao🇨🇳 · Huai-Ke Guo🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Zhou🇨🇳

    In this work, we present the refinement of axion double level crossings within the context of multi-axion mass mixing, specifically focusing on cases where the number of axions exceeds two. Our investigation reveals that double level crossings are a common phenomenon in the mass mixing of the $Z_{\mathcal{N}}$ axion and axion-like particles. Physically, these double level crossings involve a first level crossing at high temperatures followed by a second level crossing induced by the $Z_{\mathcal{N}}$ axion mass transition at $T_{\mathrm{QCD}}$. We introduce the general model for double level crossings, along with several toy examples, and redefine the light and heavy axion scenarios. In the light axion scenario, double level crossings can occur multiple times in the large $\mathcal{N}$ limit. However, excessively large values of $\mathcal{N}$ may also prevent the occurrence of double level crossings. Conversely, in the heavy axion scenario, excessively small $\mathcal{N}$ may similarly prevent their occurrence. Our findings also have some intriguing implications for axion cosmology.

    hep-phastro-ph.CONPB(2026)·3 citations
21. 21*

    Thermodynamics of Heavy Quarkonium in a Bayesian Holographic QCD model

    Liqiang Zhu🇨🇳 · Ou-Yang Luo🇨🇳 · Xun Chen🇨🇳 · Kai Zhou🇨🇳 · Hanzhong Zhang🇨🇳 · Defu Hou🇨🇳

    Leveraging high-precision lattice QCD data on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility at vanishing chemical potential, we construct a Bayesian holographic QCD model and systematically analyze the thermodynamic properties of heavy quarkonium in QCD matter under varying temperatures and chemical potentials. We compute the quark-antiquark interquark distance, potential energy, entropy, binding energy, and internal energy. We present detailed posterior distribution results of the thermodynamic quantities of heavy quarkonium, including maximum a posteriori (MAP) value estimates and 95\% confidence levels (CL). Through numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we find that increasing temperature and chemical potential decrease the quark distance, thereby facilitating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium and leading to suppressed potential energy. The increase in temperature and chemical potential also raise the entropy and entropy force, further accelerating the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. The calculated results of binding energy indicate that higher temperature and chemical potential enhance the tendency of heavy quarkonium to dissociate into free quarks. Internal energy also increases with rising temperature and chemical potential. These findings provide significant theoretical insights into the properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions and lay a solid foundation for the interpretation and validation of future experimental data. Finally, we also present the results for the free energy, entropy, and internal energy of single quark.

    hep-phNucl.Sci.Tech.(2026)·5 citations
22. 22*

    Scaling behaviour of charged particles generated in Xe$-$Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.44 TeV using the AMPT model

    Zarina Banoo🇮🇳 · Ramni Gupta🇮🇳 · Salman K. Malik🇮🇳 · Sheetal Sharma🇮🇳 · Fakhar Ul Haider🇮🇳 · Balwan Singh🇮🇳

    The spatial configurations of particles produced in the kinematic phase space during a heavy-ion collision reflect the characteristics of the system created in the collision. The scaling behaviour of the multiplicity fluctuations is studied for the charged particles generated in Xe--Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$~=~5.44~TeV using the String Melting (SM) mode of the AMPT (A Multi-Phase Transport) model. The scaling behaviour of the normalized factorial moments ($F_{\text{q}}$) gives significant information about the dynamics of the system under study. A linear power-law growth of the $F_{\text{q}}$ with the increasing phase space resolution, termed as intermittency, is investigated. The anomalous fractal dimension $D_{\text{q}}$ is determined, which is linked to the self-similarity and fractal nature of the particle emission spectra, whose dependence on the order of the moment ($q$) is characterised by the intermittency index (${\phi }_{\text{q}}$). Relating $q^{\mathrm{th}}$ order Normalised Factorial Moment (NFM) with $F_2$, the scaling exponent ($\nu$) is determined that quantifies the dynamics of the system created by these collisions and is analyzed for its dependence on the transverse momentum bin width ($\Delta p_{\text{T}}$). Results presented may be interpreted as model predictions and baseline expectations.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thNPA(2026)·0 citations
23. 23*

    Polarized electromagnetic radiation by chiral media with time-dependent chiral chemical potential

    Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸

    We investigate photon production from media characterized by a time-dependent chiral chemical potential ${\mu }_5(t)$. We first consider the chiral anomaly as a small perturbation and show that ${\mu }_5\to 2\gamma$ process generates non-polarized radiation, as the probabilities of producing right and left-handed photons are equal. In chiral semimetal with a vanishing chiral chemical potential but a finite separation of Weyl nodes, $\mathbf{\Delta }(t)$, the photon production vanishes at the leading order of perturbation theory. We then employ the method of Bogolyubov transformation to obtain the photon spectrum that sums up all powers of ${\mu }_5$. Employing the exactly solvable model ${\mu }_5(t)\propto A+B\tanh (t/\tau )$, we demonstrate that the spectrum exhibits strong circular polarization, whose direction is determined by the sign of ${\mu }_5$. The spectrum contains resonances associated with the instability of the electromagnetic field in chiral media. We discuss potential phenomenological applications of these findings.

    hep-phcond-mat.mtrl-scinucl-thPLB(2026)·5 citations
24. 24*

    Transfer Learning for Neutrino Scattering: Domain Adaptation with GANs

    Jose L. Bonilla🇵🇱 · Krzysztof M. Graczyk🇵🇱 · Artur M. Ankowski🇵🇱 · Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee🇵🇱 · Beata E. Kowal🇵🇱 · Hemant Prasad🇵🇱 · Jan T. Sobczyk🇵🇱

    Transfer learning (TL) is used to extrapolate the physics information encoded in a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) trained on synthetic neutrino-carbon inclusive scattering data to related processes such as neutrino-argon and antineutrino-carbon interactions. We investigate how much of the underlying lepton-nucleus dynamics is shared across different targets and processes. We also assess the effectiveness of TL when training data is obtained from a different neutrino-nucleus interaction model. Our results show that TL not only reproduces key features of lepton kinematics, including the quasielastic and $\Delta$-resonance peaks, but also significantly outperforms generative models trained from scratch. Using data sets of 10,000 and 100,000 events, we find that TL maintains high accuracy even with limited statistics. Our findings demonstrate that TL provides a well-motivated and efficient framework for modeling (anti)neutrino-nucleus interactions and for constructing next-generation neutrino-scattering event generators, particularly valuable when experimental data are sparse.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exnucl-ex+1PRD(2026)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Unravelling Pentaquarks with Born--Oppenheimer effective theory

    Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Abhishek Mohapatra🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪

    The hidden-charm pentaquark states $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4312\right)}^{+}$, $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4380\right)}^{+}$, $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4440\right)}^{+}$, and $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4457\right)}^{+}$, all with isospin $I=1/2$, were discovered by the LHCb collaboration in the decay process ${\Lambda }_b^0\to J/\psi p{K}^{-}$. Although their quantum numbers remain undetermined, these states have generated significant theoretical interest. We analyze their spectrum and decay patterns-including those of their spin partners-within the Born--Oppenheimer effective field theory (BOEFT), a framework grounded in QCD. At leading order in BOEFT, we identify these pentaquark states as bound states in BO potentials that exhibit at short-distance a repulsive octet behavior and a nonperturbative shift due to the adjoint baryons masses, while asymptotically approaching the ${\Sigma }_c\bar{D}$ threshold. We further incorporate $\mathcal{O}(1/m_Q)$ spin-dependent corrections to compute pentaquark multiplet spin splittings. Based on the spectrum, semi-inclusive decay widths to $J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c$, and the decay width ratios to ${\Lambda }_c\bar{D}$ and ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, we provide the first theoretical predictions for the adjoint baryon masses, which can be confirmed by future lattice QCD studies. Moreover, our analysis supports the quantum number assignments: $J^P=(1/2{)}^{-}$ for $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4312\right)}^{+}$, $(3/2{)}^{-}$ for $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4380\right)}^{+}$, $(1/2{)}^{-}$ for $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4457\right)}^{+}$, and $(3/2{)}^{-}$ for $P_{c\bar{c}}{\left(4440\right)}^{+}$. We also present results for the lowest bottom pentaquarks.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·15 citations
26. 26*

    Search for Light Inelastic Dark Matter with Low-Energy Ionization Signatures in PandaX-4T

    Yu-Chen Wang🇨🇳 · Youhui Yun🇨🇳 · Hong-Jian He🇨🇳 · Yue Meng🇨🇳

    Direct detection of light dark matter (DM) is generally difficult due to its small recoil energy. The inelastic scattering of DM can produce unique signatures in the DM direct detection experiments. Using the low-energy unpaired ionization data from PandaX-4T, we newly analyze the probe of the exothermic inelastic dark matter (ineDM). We demonstrate that PandaX-4T can probe the ineDM mass-splitting down to 0.05 keV and probe the ineDM mass to the sub-GeV range. For the ineDM with a dark photon mediator, we use the PandaX-4T data to impose stringent bounds on the mixing parameter between the dark photon and photon.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex4 citations
27. 27*

    Phenomenological Constraints on Higgs reheating

    Yann Cado🇫🇷 · Mathieu Gross🇫🇷 · Yann Mambrini🇫🇷 · Keith Olive🇺🇸

    In many models of inflation, reheating is realized through a coupling between the inflaton and the Higgs boson. Often, the mass of the inflaton is of order $10^{13}$GeV determined by the amplitude of the scalar fluctuation spectrum. However, in models where the inflaton potential is of the form $V\sim {\varphi }^k$ about its minimum, the inflaton is massless for $k\ge 4$ unless a bare mass term, $\frac{1}{2}{m}_{\varphi }^2{\varphi }^2$, is present. In this case, the inflaton mass may be of order the electroweak scale and may be subject to existing collider constraints. In particular, we investigate the constraints on the inflaton mass and reheating temperature $T_{\mathrm{rh}}$ arising from the decay of $\varphi$ into $\mathcal{H}$ through an interaction term $\mu \varphi |\mathcal{H}{|}^2$. We perform a renormalization group analysis to determine the relative values of $\mu$ and $m_{\varphi }$ such that the Higgs potential remains stable (and perturbative) at high energy. Taking into account the running of the Higgs quartic self-coupling and the experimental constraints from the LHC via the $\text{HiggsTools}$ public code, we find that $3.4\times 10^6$ GeV $\lesssim T_{\mathrm{rh}}\lesssim 3.9\times 10^{12}$ GeV with a corresponding constraint on the inflaton bare mass $260\mathrm{GeV}\lesssim m_{\varphi }\lesssim 3.8\times 10^{10}\mathrm{GeV}$. The dependencies between $T_{\mathrm{rh}}$ and the inflaton bare mass $m_{\varphi }$ as well as between $\mu$ and $m_{\varphi }$ are provided.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
28. 28*

    Probing Purely Inelastic Scalar Dark Matter Across Colliders and Gravitational Wave Observatories

    Jinhui Guo🇨🇳 · Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Chenhao Peng🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ping Wang🇨🇳

    We propose and study a purely inelastic scalar dark matter model, where two real scalars-dark matter ${\varphi }_1$ and its excited partner ${\varphi }_2$ interact with the Standard Model via a Higgs portal. After mass diagonalization, only inelastic couplings remain, allowing the model to evade stringent bounds from direct detection. We show that thermal (co-)annihilation between ${\varphi }_1$ and ${\varphi }_2$ naturally yields the observed dark matter relic abundance. The same interaction structure can induce a strongly first-order phase transition in the early universe, generating detectable gravitational waves in upcoming experiments. Meanwhile, the slight mass splitting between ${\varphi }_1$ and ${\varphi }_2$, along with the heavy off-shell mediator SM Higgs, leads to long-lived particle signatures of ${\varphi }_2$ at the HL-LHC via the displaced muon-jets technique. We pinpoint a feasible parameter space where the correct relic abundance, observable gravitational waves, and collider signals can all be achieved concurrently, presenting a valuable chance to validate this scenario through a comprehensive examination encompassing cosmological, astrophysical, and collider investigations.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
29. 29*

    Deformations of Starobinsky Inflation in No-Scale SU(5) and SO(10) GUTs

    John Ellis🇬🇧 · Marcos A. G. Garcia🇲🇽 · Natsumi Nagata🇯🇵 · Dimitri V. Nanopoulos🇨🇭 · Keith A. Olive🇺🇸

    The original Starobinsky $R+R^2$ model of inflation is consistent with Planck and other measurements of the CMB, but recent results from the ACT and SPT Collaborations hint that the tilt of scalar perturbations may be in tension with the prediction of the Starobinsky model. No-scale models of inflation can reproduce the predictions of the Starobinsky model, but also provide a framework for incorporating deformations that could accommodate more easily the ACT and SPT data. We discuss this possibility in the contexts of SU(5) GUTs, taking into account the constraints on these models imposed by the longevity of the proton, the cold dark matter density and the measured value of the Higgs boson. We find that SU(5) with a CMSSM-like pattern of soft supersymmetry breaking has difficulty in accommodating all the constraints, whereas SU(5) with pure gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking can accommodate them easily. We also consider two SO(10) symmetry-breaking patterns that can accommodate the ACT and SPT data. In both the SU(5) and SO(10) models, the deformations avoid issues associated with large initial field values in the Starobinsky model: in particular, the total number of e-folds is largely independent of the initial conditions.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·24 citations
30. 30*

    LDMX -- The Light Dark Matter eXperiment

    Torsten Akesson (1)🇸🇪 · Layan Alsaraya (2)🇺🇸 · Stephen Appert (3)🇺🇸 · Charles Bell (4)🇺🇸 · Elizabeth Berzin (2)🇺🇸 · Nikita Blinov (5)🇨🇦 · Léo Borrel (3)🇺🇸 · Cameron Bravo (6)🇺🇸 · Liam Brennan (7)🇺🇸 · Lene Kristian Bryngemark (1)🇸🇪 · Pierfrancesco Butti (6)🇺🇸 · Riccardo Catena (1)🇸🇪 and 107 other authors

    The Light Dark Matter eXperiment (LDMX) is an electron fixed-target experiment optimized to search for sub-GeV dark matter production through the missing momentum signature. LDMX is designed to operate in End Station A at SLAC, using an 8 GeV electron beam accelerated alongside the LCLS-II drive beam. The design of the apparatus is strongly motivated by the performance requirements of a high-rate missing momentum search and leverages detector technologies and designs from other experiments along with existing facilities at SLAC. LDMX will improve on previous results by up to three orders of magnitude, enabling broad sensitivity to dark sector scenarios including the dark matter interaction strengths motivated by freeze-out of MeV-GeV mass dark matter to the observed relic abundance. With hermetic forward coverage, LDMX also has sensitivity to visible signatures of dark sectors and provides a unique probe of electron-nuclear interactions important to interpreting data from accelerator-based neutrino experiments. This report encompasses the technical design of the LDMX Detector, its simulated performance, and the physics capabilities of the experiment.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph18 citations
31. 31*

    Dark Matter and the Early Formation of Supermassive Black Holes

    Andrew Imai🇺🇸 · Grant J. Mathews🇺🇸 · Guobao Tang🇺🇸 · Brian Zhang🇺🇸

    We investigate the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high redshift ($z\ge 10$) from a combination of dark matter capture, black-hole mergers, and gas accretion. It has previously been shown that SMBHs can form by $z\approx 10$ via black-hole mergers, Eddington-limited Bondi gas accretion and tidal disruption events with stars within dense nuclear clusters. Here, we examine the degree to which the capture of collisionless dark matter by a growing SMBH may also contribute. We first consider models deduced from cosmological simulations of galaxy formation and central BH formation. We show that in the case that the dense nuclear star cluster forms by cooling and collapse of gas, while the DM remains in a standard NFW profile, the contribution from cold dark matter accretion is insignificant. However, we suggest models for which dark matter clustering can occur (possibly by self interaction). We show that such clustering may affect SMBH growth. In such cases, a small seed stellar-remnant black hole can more easily reach $>10^7$ M${}_{\odot }$ by $z=10$ in the core of dense nuclear star clusters. This remains true for either cold dark matter or ultralight dark matter with the observationally inferred mass of $\sim 10^{-22}$ eV. We highlight the unique possible evolution of ULDM capture by the growing SMBH due to the fact that the ULDM de Broglie wavelength exceeds the initial nuclear star cluster half-mass radius.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2026)·2 citations
32. 32*

    From Hyperons to Hypernuclei: A New Route to Unravel Proton Spin Polarization

    Dai-Neng Liu🇨🇳 · Yun-Peng Zheng🇨🇳 · Wen-Hao Zhou🇨🇳 · Jin-Hui Chen🇨🇳 · Che Ming Ko🇺🇸 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Kai-Jia Sun🇨🇳 · Song Zhang🇨🇳

    Ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions create the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) known as the hottest, least viscous, and most vortical fluid ever produced in terrestrial laboratories. Its vortical structure has been uncovered through the spin polarization of Lambda ($\Lambda$) hyperons, attributed to the spin-orbit coupling that transfers the system's orbital angular momentum to the quark spin, which is then inherited by hadrons via quark recombination or coalescence. However, $\Lambda$ polarization reflects primarily the strange-quark component, leaving the spin dynamics of the up and down quarks largely unexplored. Although the proton is an ideal probe, its stability makes direct measurements experimentally challenging. Here, we propose to unravel proton spin polarization via hypertriton (${}_{\Lambda }^3\text{H}$) measurements, exploiting the fact that spin information is preserved when polarized nucleons and $\Lambda$ coalesce to form hypertriton. We show that, over a broad range of collision energies, the polarizations of proton, $\Lambda$, and hypertriton are related by a simple linear scaling law. Since both $\Lambda$ and hypertriton polarizations can be measured via their self-analyzing weak decays, this linear relation provides a practical experimental avenue for accessing spin polarizations of protons and neutrons-the dominant baryonic degrees of freedom in nuclear collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph8 citations
33. 33*

    Interact or Twist: Cosmological Correlators from Field Redefinitions Revisited

    Donggang Wang🇬🇧 · Xiangwei Wang🇨🇳 · Yi Wang🇨🇳 · Wenqi Yu🇨🇳

    In cosmology, correlation functions on a late-time boundary can arise from both field redefinitions and bulk interactions, which are usually believed to generate distinct results. In this letter, we propose a counterexample showcasing that correlators from local field redefinitions can be identical to the ones from bulk interactions. In particular, we consider a two-field model in de Sitter space, where the field space gets twisted by field redefinitions to yield a nontrivial reheating surface. We then exploit conformal symmetry to compute the three-point function, and show that the result takes the form of contact correlators with a total-energy singularity. Our finding suggests that in the effective field theory, a class of lower-dimensional operators, which were overlooked previously, may lead to nontrivial signals in cosmological correlators. As an illustration, we apply our result to cosmic inflation and derive a possibly leading signature of the Higgs in the primordial bispectrum.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph10 citations
34. 34*

    Toward extracting scattering phase shift from integrated correlation functions V: complex ${\varphi }^4$ field model in $3+1$ dimensions

    Peng Guo🇺🇸 · Frank X. Lee🇺🇸 · Andrei Alexandru🇺🇸

    In Ref.~\cite{Guo:2024zal} and associated studies, a relativistic finite-volume formalism in $1+1$ dimensions is proposed to extract infinite-volume scattering phaseshift. It is based on the difference of integrated correlation functions (ICF) rather than energy spectrum in the finite volume, and can be regarded as complementary to the well-known Lüscher} formalism. In the present work, the formalism is further extended into $3+1$ dimensional spacetime. The aim is to explore and demonstrate the challenges in applying the formalism to more practical settings. Specifically, Monte Carlo simulations of a complex ${\varphi }^4$ relativistic field model are carried out in both 2+1 and 3+1 dimensions on lattices of varying sizes, and phaseshifts for the contact interaction are extracted from the formalism using modest computing resources.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.