HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Jul 1, 2025Tuesday·July 1, 2025

60 papers—41 primary·19 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
A novel phenomenological approach to total charm cross-section measurements at the LHC
Yewon Yang🇩🇪 · Achim Geiser🇩🇪 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Oleksandr Zenaiev🇩🇪
We propose a novel, data-driven method for determining total charm cross sections in proton-proton collisions by extrapolating measured fiducial cross sections without assuming any particular fragmentation model. The recently observed charm fragmentation non-universality at the LHC experimentally establishes strongly increased baryon production fractions and correspondingly decreased meson production fractions compared to electron-positron collisions, with a very significant $p_{T}$ dependence. The novel method accounts for this non-universality and its $p_{T}$ -dependence through a data-driven extrapolation function called ddFONLL. Applied to $D^{0}$ production at 5 and 13 TeV, this approach yields total charm cross sections that fully incorporate the fragmentation non-universality and increase significantly compared to the previous measurements still based on fragmentation universality. The results are consistent with NNLO QCD predictions and enable direct comparisons free from fragmentation assumptions. We use this to evaluate the sensitivity of total cross-section measurements to parton distribution functions and the charm-quark mass. An outlook is given on the potential of further expanding the use of the ddFONLL method.
hep-phEPJC(2026)·2 citations
02*
Study on Pentaqaurks by Solving Schrodinger Equation in the Non-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics
Bao-Xi Sun🇨🇳
The interaction of the charmed baryon and the anticharmed meson is assumed to be realized by exchanging a scalar meson of $f_{0} (500)$ , and then these systems are studied by solving the Schrodinger equation, respectively. When the pentaquarks $P_{c c ˉ} (4312)^{+}$ , $P_{c c ˉ} (4457)^{+}$ , $P_{c c ˉ s} (4338)^{0}$ , and $P_{c c ˉ s} (4459)^{0}$ are treated as $Σ_{c} D ˉ$ , $Σ_{c} D ˉ^{*}$ , $Ξ_{c} D ˉ$ and $Ξ_{c} D ˉ^{*}$ bound states, four resonance states of them are obtained as solutions of the Schrodinger equation under the outgoing wave condition, respectively. The resonance state of $Σ_{c} D ˉ$ might correspond to the particle $P_{c c ˉ} (4440)^{+}$ , while the other three resonance states have no counterparts in the review of the Particle Data Group(PDG). Although the binding energy of the bound state is only several MeVs, all these resonance states are more than 100 MeV higher than their corresponding thresholds, respectively. The calculation results indicate that the spectrums of the strange and non-strange pentaquarks are symmetric to each other.
hep-phnucl-th0 citations
03*
Naturally resonant two-mediator model of self-interacting dark matter with decoupled relic abundance
Martin Drobczyk🇩🇪
We propose a minimal, fully thermal mechanism that resolves the long-standing tension between achieving the observed dark-matter relic abundance and explaining the astrophysical signatures of self-interactions. The framework introduces two mediators: a light scalar $ϕ$ (MeV scale) that yields the required, velocity-dependent self-interactions, and a heavy scalar resonance $Φ_{h}$ (TeV scale) with mass $m_{Φ_{h}} \approx 2 m_{χ}$ that opens an $s$ -channel resonant annihilation during freeze-out. This clearly decouples early-universe annihilation from late-time halo dynamics. A detailed numerical analysis identified a narrow predictive island of viability. A representative benchmark with $m_{χ} = 600$ ~GeV, $m_{ϕ} = 15$ ~MeV, and $m_{Φ_{h}} ≃ 1.2$ ~TeV reproduces the relic density and yields $σ_{T} / m_{χ} \sim 0.1$ -- $1 cm^{2} / g$ at dwarf-galaxy velocities while satisfying cluster bounds. The model makes sharp, testable predictions: a narrow $t t ˉ$ resonance near $1.2$ ~TeV within HL-LHC reach, and a spin-independent direct-detection signal $σ_{SI} \sim 7 \times 1 0^{- 48} cm^{2}$ within next-generation sensitivity. As an optional UV completion, we show that walking $SU (3)_{H}$ gauge theory with $N_{f} = 10$ naturally realizes the near-threshold relation $m_{Φ_{h}} \approx 2 m_{χ}$ and can furnish an effective anomalous dimension $γ \approx 0.5$ which underlies a density-responsive dark-energy sector, suggesting a unified origin for the dark sector.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcClass.Quant.Grav.(2025)·1 citation
04*
EFT approach to the endpoint of muon decay-in-orbit
Duarte Fontes🇩🇪 · Robert Szafron🇺🇸
As upcoming experiments aim to probe muon conversion with unprecedented precision, equally precise theoretical predictions are crucial to maximize discovery potential. This applies not only to the new physics signal, muon-electron conversion, but also to its only irreducible background, muon decay-in-orbit (DIO) near the endpoint. Accurate computation of higher-order corrections in bound states is a long-standing challenge due to the difficulty of systematically organizing contributions. In previous work, we developed an Effective Field Theory framework to address this issue and applied it to muon conversion. Here, we extend this approach to the DIO endpoint, a more complex problem due to the presence of a neutrino-antineutrino pair in the final state. We present the most precise prediction to date of the background spectrum relevant for future muon conversion searches, achieving next-to-leading logarithmic prime accuracy for QED corrections.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·5 citations
05*
Analysis of the strong vertices $Λ_{c} D^{(*)} N^{*} (1535)$ and $Λ_{b} B^{(*)} N^{*} (1535)$ in QCD sum rules
Jie Lu🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Guo-Liang Yu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳 · Ze Zhou🇨🇳
In this article, we firstly analyze the mass and pole residue of negative parity nucleon $N^{*} (1535)$ within the two-point QCD sum rules. Basing on these results, we continuously study the strong coupling constants of vertices $Λ_{c} D N^{*}$ , $Λ_{c} D^{*} N^{*}$ , $Λ_{b} B N^{*}$ and $Λ_{b} B^{*} N^{*}$ in the framework of three-point QCD sum rules. At hadron side, all possible couplings of interpolating current to hadronic states are considered. At QCD side, the contributions of vacuum condensate terms $⟨ q ˉ q ⟩$ , $⟨ g_{s}^{2} GG ⟩$ , $⟨ q ˉ g_{s} σ Gq ⟩$ , $⟨ q ˉ q ⟩^{2}$ and $g_{s}^{2} ⟨ q ˉ q ⟩^{2}$ are also considered. By setting the four momentum of $D^{(*)} [B^{(*)}]$ mesons off-shell, the strong coupling constants in deep space-like regions ( $Q^{2} = - q^{2} ≫ Λ_{QC D}^{2}$ ) are obtained. Then, the momentum dependent coupling constants in space-like regions are fitted into analytical function $G (Q^{2})$ and are extrapolated into time-like regions ( $Q^{2} < 0$ ). Finally, the on-shell values of strong coupling constants are obtained by taking $Q^{2} = - m_{D^{(*)} [B^{(*)}]}^{2}$ . The results are $G_{Λ_{c} D N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{D}^{2}) = 4.0 6_{- 0.75}^{+ 0.96}$ , $f_{Λ_{c} D^{*} N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{D^{*}}^{2}) = 3.7 3_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.68}$ , $g_{Λ_{c} D^{*} N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{D^{*}}^{2}) = 9.2 2_{- 0.36}^{+ 3.16}$ , $G_{Λ_{b} B N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{B}^{2}) = 9.1 1_{- 1.61}^{+ 1.54}$ , $f_{Λ_{b} B^{*} N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{B^{*}}^{2}) = 8.5 5_{- 2.21}^{+ 2.69}$ and $g_{Λ_{b} B^{*} N^{*}} (Q^{2} = - m_{B^{*}}^{2}) = - 0.2 5_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.16}$ .
hep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
06*
Baryogenesis through leptogenesis in the minimal flipped $S U (5)$ with radiative seesaw
Michal Malinský🇨🇿 · Renato Fonseca🇪🇸 · Václav Miřátský🇨🇿 · Martin Zdráhal🇨🇿
The minimal flipped $S U (5)$ unification with the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass scale generated as a two-loop effect is arguably one of the most constrained models of perturbative baryon and lepton number violation currently on the market. This is namely due to its very simple scalar sector structure which, subject to perturbativity and non-tachyonicity bounds, leads to the emergence of characteristic flavour patterns providing interesting insights into proton decay phenomenology, neutrino physics etc. In this contribution, we discuss the potential impact of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe as an additional requirement imposed onto the already strongly constrained flavour structure of the model, focusing on thermal leptogenesis as its hypothetical primary source in this framework. Remarkably, this single extra condition leads, among other things, to a very interesting upper limit on the absolute neutrino mass scale which, in turn, renders the model potentially testable in the existing beta-decay experiments such as KATRIN.
hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
07*
Thermal leptogenesis in minimal unified models
Michal Malinský🇨🇿
We review the status of thermal leptogenesis in the minimal $S U (5) \times U (1)$ and $S O (10)$ unified models under the assumption that the leptonic asymmetry generated in the out-of-equilibrium decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos (and its subsequent conversion into baryons via sphalerons) constitutes the primary source of baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In both cases, leptogenesis is shown to provide a strong extra constraint on the flavour structure of the model under consideration, leading to interesting and potentially testable phenomenological effects.
hep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·0 citations
08*
Conversion of photons to dileptons in the Kroll-Wada and parton shower approaches
Tomáš Ježo🇩🇪 · Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Alexander Puck Neuwirth🇮🇹
The study of dileptons in high-energy heavy-ion collisions provides critical insights into the properties of the quark-gluon plasma and the thermal radiation emitted throughout its evolution. In the low-mass region, dileptons originate from both direct photon conversion and hadronic decays, with the Kroll-Wada equation traditionally used to relate direct real and direct virtual photon production. In this work, we explore the possibility of using parton shower event generators to model this conversion process, leveraging their unitary treatment of internal photon conversions that naturally preserves normalisation, as well as their ability to incorporate higher-order corrections, recoil kinematics, and realistic experimental selection criteria. We compare the Kroll-Wada approach to simulations using the Pythia8 simple shower, the Vincia sector shower, and the POWHEG shower matched NLO event generator. Our results reveal that the parton shower approach offers improved accuracy in describing the dilepton spectrum, particularly towards larger invariant masses where phase-space suppression effects become relevant.
hep-phJHEP(2026)·1 citation
09*
One-loop analysis of dark matter constraints in a complex scalar extension of the Standard Model
Koichi Funakubo🇯🇵 · Chikako Idegawa🇨🇳
We investigate the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model, which provides a scalar dark matter candidate. We impose the constraints from the observed relic abundance together with the most stringent limits from direct detection experiments on the model. The counterterms are determined so that the vacuum and mass conditions are consistently satisfied at one-loop order, and the one-loop corrections to scalar self-interactions are fully included in the amplitudes involving the dark matter particle. As a result, the allowed parameter region shows clear deviations from the tree-level analysis, demonstrating the impact of quantum corrections on the phenomenology of dark matter.
hep-ph2 citations
10*
Supersymmetric Hybrid Inflation with Kähler-Induced $R$ -Symmetry Breaking
Muhammad Nadeem Ahmad🇵🇰 · Mansoor Ur Rehman🇸🇦
We explore the role of explicit nonrenormalizable $R$ -symmetry breaking interactions in the context of supersymmetric hybrid inflation. In particular, we focus on scenarios where such breaking arises predominantly from the Kähler potential, while the renormalizable terms in both the superpotential and Kähler potential preserve $R$ -symmetry. Incorporating radiative corrections, soft SUSY-breaking contributions, and supergravity effects, we construct a consistent and predictive inflationary framework. Notably, the presence of $R$ -symmetry violating terms at the nonrenormalizable level helps resolve the common issue of light waterfall fields in grand unified theories, rendering them sufficiently heavy without disturbing gauge coupling unification. Our numerical analysis demonstrates that these $R$ -symmetry breaking contributions play a crucial role in bringing the scalar spectral index $n_{s}$ into excellent agreement with the recent cosmological observations, particularly the Data Release 6 of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. The tensor-to-scalar ratio remains suppressed, with $r < 1 0^{- 5}$ , below the reach of current and near-future experiments. However, observable gravitational waves with $r ≲ 0.03$ can be achieved by allowing moderate deviations in the parameter space associated with a non-minimal Kähler potential.
hep-phJCAP(2025)·12 citations
11*
Type II Seesaw Leptogenesis in a Majoron background
Maximilian Berbig🇪🇸
We discuss spontaneous Leptogenesis in the Type II Seesaw model of neutrino masses featuring an electroweak triplet scalar $T$ in a coherent pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) background. In the "wash-in" scenario the inverse decays of Higgs bosons to $T$ generate a chemical potential for the triplet that is then transmitted to the lepton sector via the leptonic decays of $T$ . Our mechanism works with a single triplet that can be as light as 1 TeV, and has a vacuum expectation value $v_{T}$ in the window $O (1 keV) < v_{T} < O (1 MeV)$ . This range of $v_{T}$ can lead to appreciable decays of the triplet's doubly charged component into both same sign di-leptons and same sign pairs of $W$ -bosons, which could potentially allow for an experimental distinction from a recently proposed inflationary Type II Seesaw Affleck-Dine scenario preferring the leptonic mode. In the "singlet-doublet-triplet Majoron" UV-completion of the Type II Seesaw model, the required pNGB is automatically included in the form of the Majoron, that originates from the phase of the lepton number breaking singlet scalar. The coherent motion of the Majoron can furthermore explain the dark matter relic abundance via the kinetic misalignment mechanism. Cogenesis of dark matter and the baryon asymmetry can work for a lepton number breaking scale of $O (1 0^{5} GeV) < v_{σ} < O (1 0^{8} GeV)$ and a Majoron mass of $O (1 eV) > m_{j} > O (1 μ eV)$ .
hep-phJHEP(2026)·9 citations
12*
Modular Flavor Symmetries and Fermion Mass Hierarchies
Mu-Chun Chen🇺🇸 · Xueqi Li🇺🇸 · Xiang-Gan Liu🇺🇸 · Michael Ratz🇺🇸
We investigate fermion mass hierarchies in models with modular flavor symmetries. Several key conclusions arise from the observation that the determinants of mass matrices transform as 1-dimensional vector-valued modular forms. We demonstrate that, under some fairly general assumptions, achieving hierarchical fermion masses requires the vacuum expectation value of the modulus $τ$ to be located near one of the critical points, $i$ , $i \infty$ , or $ω$ . We also revisit the universal near-critical behavior around these points and classify the resulting mass hierarchies for the critical points $i$ and $ω$ . We compare the traditional Froggatt--Nielsen mechanism with its modular variant. The knowledge and boundedness of Fourier and Taylor coefficients are crucial to the predictive power of modular flavor symmetries.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·6 citations
13*
Probing the ATOMKI X17 vector boson using Dalitz decays $V \to P e^{+} e^{-}$
Chien-Thang Tran🇻🇳 · Mikhail A. Ivanov🇷🇺 · Anh-Tuyet T. Nguyen🇻🇳
Recent anomalies observed in $e^{+} e^{-}$ nuclear transitions of $^{8} Be$ , $^{4} He$ , and $^{12} C$ by the ATOMKI collaboration may hint at the existence of a vector boson with a mass around 17 MeV, referred to as X17. If it exists, this boson would also affect similar processes in particle physics, including the Dalitz decays of vector mesons. Recently, the BESIII collaboration measured the Dalitz decay $D^{* 0} \to D^{0} e^{+} e^{-}$ for the first time and reported a $3.5 σ$ excess over the theoretical prediction based on the vector meson dominance (VMD) model. This excess may be another signal of the X17. In this study, we investigate the possible effects of the X17 on the Dalitz decays $D_{(s)}^{*} \to D_{(s)} e^{+} e^{-}$ , $B_{(s)}^{*} \to B_{(s)} e^{+} e^{-}$ , and $J / ψ \to η_{c} e^{+} e^{-}$ . The required hadronic form factors are calculated within the framework of our covariant confined quark model, without relying on heavy quark effective theory or the VMD model. We present predictions for the Dalitz decay widths and the ratios $R_{ee} (V) \equiv Γ (V \to P e^{+} e^{-}) /Γ (V \to P γ)$ within the Standard Model and in several new physics scenarios involving modifications due to the X17. Our results are compared with other theoretical calculations.
hep-phCPC(2025)·5 citations
14*
Flavour and precision probes of a class of scotogenic models
A. Darricau🇫🇷 · H. Lee🇫🇷 · J. Orloff🇫🇷 · A. M. Teixeira🇫🇷
We address the phenomenological impact of a well-motivated class of scotogenic models regarding flavour and electroweak precision observables. In particular, and for the case of a ``T1-2-A'' variant, we carry out a full computation of the next-to-leading order corrections to leptonic Higgs and $Z$ -boson decays. In view of the evolution in the tension between theory and observation regarding the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, we revisit previously drawn conclusions on operator dominance and constraints on the parameter space. Finally, we consider the role of $H \to μμ$ decays (and other flavour conserving Higgs decays) in probing this class of models at future colliders.
hep-phEPJC(2025)·8 citations
15*
Neutrino masses, matter-antimatter asymmetry, dark matter, and supermassive black hole formation explained with Majorons
Yifan Lu🇺🇸 · Zachary S. C. Picker🇺🇸 · Alexander Kusenko🇺🇸 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇯🇵
The spontaneous breaking of a global lepton number symmetry can result in a (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone boson known as the Majoron. We study a singlet Majoron model that couples to two Higgs doublets in which the lepton number current develops an electromagnetic anomaly, allowing the decay of Majorons into photons. We focus on Majorons at the eV scale with an enhanced anomaly and show that it serves as a dark matter candidate whose decay signals can be probed by space telescope observations. Furthermore, if the decay produces Lyman-Werner photons, heavy black hole seeds can be generated via the direct collapse mechanism and evolve into the active galactic nuclei we observe at high redshifts. Our framework thus simultaneously addresses the origin of neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, the nature of dark matter, and the formation of high redshift supermassive black holes.
hep-phPRD(2026)·5 citations
16*
A strange contribution to the neutron EDM
Luca Vecchi🇮🇹
We analyze the contribution of hypothetical quark electric dipoles to the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron. Particular emphasis is devoted to the strange quark contribution. Considerations based on perturbative QCD, the large N expansion, a critic reassessment of the non-relativistic quark model as well as a next to leading order calculation in heavy baryon effective field theory, all consistently indicate that, barring accidental cancellations, the matrix element of the strange quark dipole should be of order a tenth of those of the valence quarks. This implies that the strange EDM provides the dominant contribution to the neutron EDM in many scenarios beyond the Standard Model.
hep-phhep-latJHEP(2025)·3 citations
17*
Running scalar spectral index in warm natural inflation
Teruyuki Kitabayashi🇯🇵 · Aya Shimizu🇯🇵
The validity of inflation models is mainly evaluated according to the consistency of the predicted scalar spectral index $n_{s}$ , the tensor scalar ratio $r$ , and the running scalar spectral index $α_{s}$ with cosmic microwave background observations. In warm inflation (WI) scenarios, one can find exact analytical solutions for $α_{s}$ in principle, but long expressions may be obtained. Previous studies for WI scenarios have only shown approximate analytical solutions or numerical results for $α_{s}$ . In this study, we present a general analytical expression of $α_{s}$ without approximation in WI. By providing an analytical expression, even if it is mathematically redundant, we believe that $α_{s}$ will be studied across a broader range of WI models in the future. The obtained analytical expression of $α_{s}$ is used in the study of warm natural inflation (WNI). Although $n_{s}$ and $r$ have been previously investigated, $α_{s}$ is omitted in previous studies on WNI. Our study of $α_{s}$ completes previous phenomenological studies on WNI. In particular, the lower limit of the symmetry-breaking scale in WNI becomes more concrete in this study.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·1 citation
18*
Probing the structure of the $D_{s 0}^{*} (2317)$ and $X (3872)$ states through correlation functions
Yi-bo Shen🇨🇳 · Zhi-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Jun-Xu Lu🇨🇳 · Ming-Zhu Liu · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳
Over the past 20 years, many new hadron states have been discovered, but understanding their nature remains a key experimental and theoretical challenge. Recent studies have established that hadron-hadron interactions primarily govern the generation of new hadronic states, with their spectroscopy serving as a powerful tool for probing these interactions and determining the corresponding compositeness. In this work, we study four scenarios to determine the $D K$ interaction by reproducing the mass of the $D_{s 0}^{*} (2317)$ , i.e., assuming the $D_{s 0}^{*} (2317)$ as a $D K$ molecule, a mixture of a $D K$ molecule and a bare state, a $D K - D_{s} η$ molecule, and a mixture of a $D K - D_{s} η$ molecule and a bare state. Using the $D^{0} K^{+}$ interactions derived from these scenarios, we predict the $D^{0} K^{+}$ correlation functions. Our results demonstrate that the lineshape of the $D^{0} K^{+}$ correlation function is sensitive to the admixture effects from the coupled-channel $D^{+} K^{0}$ and the bare state. Furthermore, we find that the $D^{0} K^{+}$ correlation function can probe the position of the bare state, if such a QCD bare state exists. Using the shallow-bound state candidate $X (3872)$ as input, we study the $D^{0} D ˉ^{* 0}$ correlation functions. These functions are highly sensitive to short-range dynamics and bare-state admixtures, resulting in clearly distinguishable correlation-function line shapes across different values of compositeness.
hep-phPLB(2026)·11 citations
19*
Search for pseudoscalar Higgs boson $A_{0}$ of the Bestest Little Higgs model at the LHC and FCC-hh
Y. Cervantes-Baltazar🇲🇽 · E. Cruz-Albaro🇲🇽 · A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez🇲🇽 · M. A. Hernández-Ruíz🇲🇽 · D. Espinosa-Gómez🇲🇽
We analyse the sensitivity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Future Circular Collider-hadron-hadron (FCC-hh) to the existence of pseudoscalar Higgs boson $A_{0}$ predicted by the Bestest Little Higgs model. We study the tree-level (two and three body) and one-loop decays of the pseudoscalar, $A_{0} \to b b ˉ, t t ˉ, γ t t ˉ, γ b b ˉ, Z t t ˉ, Z b b ˉ, W t b ˉ, h_{0} t t ˉ, h_{0} b b ˉ$ , and $A_{0} \to γ γ, γ Z, Z Z, g g, W W$ , respectively. In addition, we perform a phenomenological study of the production of the pseudoscalar $A_{0}$ via gluon fusion $g g \to A_{0} \to Y$ processes, where $Y \equiv γ γ, γ Z, Z Z, g g, W W$ . From the cross section of the processes of interest and the expected integrated luminosity of the LHC and FCC-hh, we determined the number of events that could be produced in both colliders.
hep-phPRD(2026)·1 citation
20*
Double-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquarks
Samson Clymton🇰🇷 · Hyun-Chul Kim🇰🇷 · Terry Mart🇮🇩
We investigate the possible existence of double-strangeness hidden-charm pentaquark states, denoted as $P_{c c ˉ ss}$ , within an off-shell coupled-channel formalism. Eleven meson-baryon channels with total strangeness $S = - 2$ are constructed by combining charmed mesons and singly charmed baryons. The two-body scattering amplitudes are derived from an effective Lagrangian that respects heavy-quark spin symmetry, hidden local symmetry, and flavor SU(3) symmetry. The Bethe-Salpeter equation is solved using the Blankenbecler-Sugar reduction scheme, and resonances are identified as poles in the scattering amplitudes on the complex energy plane. We find five negative-parity $P_{c c ˉ ss}$ states with spins $J = 1/2$ , $3/2$ , and $5/2$ , all located below their relevant thresholds. Three positive-parity states are also found: two with $J = 1/2$ and one with $J = 3/2$ , lying above the thresholds with substantial widths. The coupling strengths of each resonance to relevant meson-baryon channels are extracted. The sensitivity of the results to the cutoff parameter $Λ_{0} = Λ - m$ is examined. These results provide theoretical predictions that may assist future experimental searches for $P_{c c ˉ ss}$ states in the $J / ψ Ξ$ channel.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·12 citations
21*
Singly heavy Omega Baryon ( $Ω_{c}^{0}$ \& $Ω_{b}^{-}$ ) Spectroscopy in the Relativistic Framework of Independent Quark Model
Rameshri V. Patel🇮🇳 · Manan Shah🇮🇳 · Smruti Patel🇮🇳 · Bhoomika Pandya🇰🇷
The Independent Quark Model, formulated for a three-body system within a relativistic framework, is applied to singly heavy baryons $ \Omega_c^0 $ and $ \Omega_b^- $ to investigate their spectroscopic properties. A Martin-like potential with an equal mixture of scalar and vector components is employed, with potential parameters fitted using ground-state experimental data. The resulting mass spectra include both radial and orbital excitations. The spin-parity for the recently observed states $ \Omega_c^0(3000) $, $ \Omega_c^0(3050) $, $ \Omega_c^0(3067) $, $ \Omega_c^0(3120) $, and $ \Omega_c^0(3185) $ as well as possible spin assignments for the four newly observed excited states of $ \Omega_b^- $ ($\Omega_b^-(6316)$, $\Omega_b^-(6330)$, $\Omega_b^-(6340)$, and $\Omega_b^-(6350)$) are proposed. The magnetic moments of the ground and first excited states are also calculated, along with radiative decay widths and transition magnetic moments. The non-leptonic weak decays of $ \Omega_c^0 $ are analyzed, with decay widths and branching ratios computed and compared with experimental data to validate the predictive power of the model. The branching ratios for the non-leptonic decays of $Ω_{b}^{-}$ are also predicted for future observations.
hep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
22*
Collective phenomena in chirally imbalanced medium
Sourav Duari🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar · Pradip Roy🇮🇳
We calculate the gluon polarization tensor for a chirally imbalanced plasma using hard thermal loop approximation in the real time formulation of thermal field theory. The dispersion relations obtained from the poles of the effective gluon propagator are solved numerically as well as analytically in appropriate limiting cases. It is seen that the degenerate transverse modes split into left and right handed circularly polarized modes. We also compute imaginary poles of the propagator which signal the presence of instability in the plasma. Relevant time scales for development of such instabilities are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we compute both the real and imaginary parts of the static heavy-quark potential in the chirally imbalanced plasma and argue that quarkonium suppression is enhanced due to the combined effects of a reduced debye screening length and an increased decay width. In addition, we calculate the gluon spectral density, sum rules and residues for various cases, providing a comprehensive understanding of the collective behaviour of the medium.
hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2025)·5 citations
23*
Radiative Mass Generation in Gauged Theories of Flavour: A Path to Fermion Mass Hierarchies
Gurucharan Mohanta🇮🇳
We present a class of models based on extended gauged flavour symmetries that address the hierarchical structure of fermion masses in the Standard Model (SM) through the radiative mass generation mechanism. In these frameworks, only third-generation fermions acquire tree-level masses, while the first and second generations gain their masses via quantum corrections induced by new gauge bosons, naturally explaining the observed mass hierarchy. Since the technically natural structure of fermion masses in the SM prevents such a mechanism from being implemented directly, we propose extensions involving both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge symmetries. Abelian extensions, which must be flavour non-universal, typically generate masses for only second-generation fermions at the 1-loop level, requiring higher order corrections or extension of gauge structure to account for first-generation masses. We show that either a $U (1)_{1} \times U (1)_{2}$ extension or a single $U (1)_{F}$ with up to 2-loop mass generation can successfully realize the mechanism, with the latter predicting a viable new physics scale around $1 0^{3}$ TeV when flavour-violating charges are optimized. Non-Abelian extensions, such as those based on $S U (3)_{F}$ , provide a more constrained and predictive setup due to a comparatively fewer number of free parameters. We also explore a radiative mechanism in Abelian extensions within left-right symmetric theories, which simultaneously addresses the strong CP problem. All these models collectively offer a compelling and testable framework for generating a realistic SM fermion mass spectrum.
hep-phhep-th0 citations
24*
Significance of soft-scale breaking on primordial black hole production in Coleman-Weinberg type supercooling-phase transition
He-Xu Zhang🇨🇳 · Katsuya Hashino🇯🇵 · Hiroyuki Ishida🇯🇵 · Shinya Matsuzaki🇨🇳
Ultra-supercooling phase transitions can generate large overdensities in the Universe, potentially leading to the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs), which can also be a dark matter candidate. In this work, we focus on the supercooling phase transition for the scale symmetry breaking based on the effective potential of the Coleman-Weinberg (CW) type. We investigate the effect on the PBH production in the presence of an additional mass term for the CW scalar field, what we call a soft-scale breaking term, which serves as the extra explicit-scale breaking term other than the quantum scale anomaly induced by the CW mechanism. We demonstrate that even a small size of the soft-scale breaking term can significantly affect the PBH production depending on its sign: a positive term slows down the phase transition, thereby enhancing the PBH abundance and improving the model's ability to account for dark matter; in contrast, a negative term suppresses the PBH formation. The inclusion of such soft-scale breaking terms broadens the viable parameter space and increases the flexibility of the framework. We further illustrate our results through two ultraviolet-complete realizations: i) a many-flavor QCD-inspired model as a reference model which can dynamically induce a positive-soft scale breaking; ii) a Higgs portal model with a $B - L$ scalar as the benchmark for the case where a negative-soft scale breaking is induced. Our study would provide a new testable link between PBH dark matter and gravitational wave signatures in the CW-type scenario.
hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2025)·11 citations
25*
$X (3872)$ and hidden charmed tetraquarks
You-You Lin🇨🇳 · Ji-Ying Wang🇨🇳 · Ailin Zhang🇨🇳
In a constituent quark model, a hidden charmed tetraquark is assumed consisting of a $c q$ diquark and an $c ˉ q ˉ$ antidiquark or vice versa. The Semay-Silvestre-Brac potentials are employed to calculate the masses of $c q$ (q=u, d) diquarks. The mass of the $c q$ diquark or $c ˉ q ˉ$ antidiquark with spin- $0$ is predicted with $\sim 2175$ MeV, and the spin- $1$ one is predicted with $\sim 2220$ MeV. The masses of hidden charmed tetraquarks from $1 S$ to $2 P$ excitations are systemically calculated in terms of the same potentials. It is found that the mass of hidden charmed tetraquark without radial excitation grows higher in $1^{+-}, 1^{++}, 1^{--}, 0^{-+}, 0^{--}, 1^{-+}, \dots$ sequence, and the tetraquarks with exotic $J^{P C} = 0^{--}, 1^{-+}$ have higher masses. The hidden charmed tetraquarks with radial excitations have masses larger than $4300$ MeV. The $1 S - 1 P$ and $1 S - 2 S$ mass splittings of the hidden charmed tetraquarks are about $390 - 400$ MeV and $550 - 570$ MeV, respectively, which are about $70$ MeV and $50$ MeV smaller than those of normal charmonium. The $1 P - 2 P$ and $2 S - 2 P$ mass splittings are similar to those for conventional $c c ˉ$ charmonium mesons. Based on our predicted masses for hidden charmed tetraquarks, some XYZ exotics are analyzed and tentatively assigned. $X^{*} (3860)$ is possibly the $0^{++}$ tetraquark. $Z_{c} (3900)$ and $X (3940)$ are possibly the $1^{+-}$ tetraquarks, and $X (3872)$ is possibly a $1^{++}$ tetraquark. $X (4250)$ may be a $0^{-+}$ , $0^{++}$ or $1^{-+}$ tetraquark, $X (4240)$ may be a $0^{--}$ tetraquark. With radial excitations, $X (4350)$ may be a $0^{++}$ tetraquark, $Z_{c} (4430)$ may be a $1^{+-}$ tetraquark, $X (4630)$ may be a $0^{-+}$ or $1^{-+}$ tetraquark, and $X (Y) (4660)$ may be the $1^{--}$ tetraquark. $Y (4008)$ or $Y (4390)$ seems impossibly the $1^{--}$ tetraquark.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·5 citations
26*
Constraining Inflation via FIMP dark matter using the $β$ -function with collider implications
Sarif Khan🇰🇷 · Sourov Roy🇮🇳 · Ananya Tapadar🇵🇱
The present study connects inflation and freeze-in type dark matter (DM) within the same setup. Although the observables in these two phenomena lie at vastly different energy scales, they have been properly handled using the RG running of couplings. For studying DM and inflation, the SM has been minimally extended by introducing an abelian dark gauge symmetry and a dark singlet scalar. In studying inflation, the SM Higgs doublet has been considered as the inflaton, which has a non-minimal coupling with the Ricci scalar. All inflationary observables have been computed at the horizon exit scale and constrained using the Planck data. Moreover, inflationary constraints have revealed strong correlations among model parameters, significantly reducing the allowed parameter space. In particular, in the Higgs mixing angle and BSM Higgs mass plane, only those values that ensure the Higgs quartic coupling remains above 0.18 are allowed. The additional gauge boson serves as a suitable DM candidate, produced via the freeze-in mechanism and stabilised by charge conjugation symmetry. The upper bound on the DM relic density further shrinks the parameter space allowed from inflationary constraints, becoming even narrower if we assume that the present vector DM constitutes the total DM density. Since DM interactions are feeble, it remains safe from all terrestrial experimental constraints. Additionally, the feeble dark matter coupling requires the dark Higgs-Ricci scalar non-minimal coupling to be negligible to satisfy Higgs inflation conditions. Finally, we have explored collider aspects and found that the trilinear and quartic Higgs vertices deviate from their SM values after incorporating inflation and DM constraints. Therefore, once we measure $κ_{3, 4}$ at the future collider, we can establish the robustness of the Higgs inflation scenario.
hep-ph3 citations
27*
Analytic NNLO transverse-momentum-dependent soft function for heavy quark pair hadroproduction at threshold
Hua-Sheng Shao🇫🇷 · Guoxing Wang🇫🇷
The transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) soft function for non-relativistic heavy quark pair production at hadron colliders is analytically computed at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong coupling expansion. We present the details of our computational approach and analyze the general two-loop structure of the soft function. The final result, which takes a particularly simple form, provides the last missing ingredient for a complete NNLO calculation of color-octet $S$ -wave quarkonium hadroproduction--including charmonium, bottomonium, and toponium--using the $q_{T}$ -slicing formalism. It also enables next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (N $^{3}$ LL) resummation at small transverse momentum for the same process.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·15 citations
28*
Polarization Probes of New Physics in Lepton-Flavor-Violating Hyperon Production from $e^{-} N \to τ^{-} Y$ Scattering
Xin-Shuai Yan🇨🇳 · Zhen-Qing Hu🇨🇳 · Qin Chang🇨🇳 · Ya-Dong Yang🇨🇳
While charged lepton-flavor-violating tau decays to strange mesons provide powerful probes of the underlying $τ \to ℓ d s ˉ$ transition, the corresponding decay modes involving hyperons are kinematically forbidden. To address this gap, we propose the quasi-elastic scattering processes $e^{-} N \to τ^{-} Y$ . Within a general low-energy effective Lagrangian, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the final-state polarizations of both the $τ$ lepton and the hyperon $Y$ , systematically addressing the theoretical uncertainty driven by the model dependence of form factors. Our analysis demonstrates that while this uncertainty leads to large variations in predicted rates, the polarization observables can potentially distinguish between the form factor models, and help to determine the chiral nature of the vectorial new physics interaction. Finally, we forecast the event rates for future facilities, revealing a strong dependence on the form factor models, with predicted yields ranging from potentially observable levels to rates far below current detection thresholds.
hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
29*
The Echo 12-23 Texture: A Novel Flavour Paradigm for Neutrinos
Manash Dey🇮🇳 · Subhankar Roy🇮🇳
We construct a flavour guided model that realises the distinctive Echo 12-23 Texture in the neutrino mass matrix through a non-trivial interplay of symmetries. While the model accounts for charged lepton mass hierarchy, the texture offers interesting insights specifically into neutrino mass ordering and flavour dynamics. With clear imprints on low energy observables, the framework provides a minimal yet testable path toward understanding the origin of neutrino properties.
hep-ph0 citations
30*
Effect of anomalous $H H H$ coupling on the decay $H \to Z Z^{*} \to$ 4 charged leptons
Pankaj Agrawal🇮🇳 · Biswajit Das🇮🇳
We have computed the electroweak corrections to $H \to Z Z^{*} \to$ 4 charged leptons, including the effect of anomalous $H H H$ coupling in the $κ$ -framework. The results of this scaling are gauge invariant. We have computed the results for $H \to e^{+} e^{-} μ^{+} μ^{-}$ and $H \to e^{+} e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}$ processes. The corrections for the both processes depend on the input parameter scheme. In the $G_{F}$ scheme, the electroweak corrections are about $1.26%$ for the $H \to e^{+} e^{-} μ^{+} μ^{-}$ and about $0.25%$ for the $H \to e^{+} e^{-} e^{+} e^{-}$ process. However changing the $κ$ from $4$ to $- 4$ , the corrections vary from less than $1%$ to about $- 6%$ . We have plotted a number of kinematic distributions. The corrections over most of the phase space regions are similar. These large corrections can be used to put a bound on the $H H H$ coupling. This can help in determining the structure of the Higgs potential.
hep-phPLB(2026)·1 citation
31*
Nucleon mass: trace anomaly and $σ$ -terms
Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Jacobo Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸
We give a pedagogical introduction to the origin of the mass of the nucleon. We first review the trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor, which generates most of the nucleon mass via the gluon fields and thus contributes even in the case of vanishing quark masses. We then discuss the contributions to the nucleon mass that do originate from the Higgs mechanism via the quark masses, reviewing the current status of nucleon $σ$ -terms that encode the corresponding matrix elements.
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thEncyclopedia of Particle Physics·7 citations
32*
Effects of gravitational lensing on neutrino oscillation in Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity
Ya-Ru Wang🇨🇳 · Ze-Wen Li🇨🇳 · Shu-Jun Rong🇨🇳
Gravitational lensing serves as a powerful probe of compact astrophysical objects and dark matter distributions. As relativistic counterparts to photons, neutrinos experiencing lensing offer a complementary means to investigate the properties of curved spacetimes. This paper studies neutrino oscillations within the spacetime geometry described by the Hu-Sawicki f(R) gravity model, focusing on the modifications induced by gravitational lensing. We calculate the oscillation phases for both radial and non-radial neutrino propagation and derive the corresponding flavor transition probabilities for 2-flavor and 3-flavor scenarios under the weak-field approximation. Our analysis demonstrates that the lensing-affected oscillation probabilities exhibit a clear dependence on the Hu-Sawicki model parameter $λ$ , the neutrino mass hierarchy, and the absolute value of the lightest neutrino mass. Furthermore, extending the analysis beyond the weak-field regime reveals that strong-field gravitational lensing amplifies these effects. These results, while theoretical, indicate that future high-precision measurements of lensed neutrinos from compact astrophysical objects could, in principle, help test modified gravity models and constrain neutrino parameters, provided that experimental and wave-packet decoherence challenges are overcome.
hep-phgr-qcInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·2 citations
33*
The Lifespan of our Universe
Hoang Nhan Luu🇪🇸 · Yu-Cheng Qiu🇨🇳 · S. -H. Henry Tye🇺🇸
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) measurements claim that the dark energy equation of state $w \neq = - 1$ . This observation can be explained by the axion Dark Energy (aDE) model of an ultralight axion plus a cosmological constant $Λ$ . Despite a relatively large degeneracy, there is a high probability that $Λ < 0$ . This negative $Λ$ leads the universe to end in a big crunch. Using the best-fit values of the model as a benchmark, we find the lifespan of our universe to be 33 billion years.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·8 citations
34*
Quark Recombination
Rainer J. Fries🇺🇸 · Vincenzo Greco🇮🇹 · Ralf Rapp🇺🇸
Hadronization is a fundamental process occurring at a distance scale of about $1 fm ≃ Λ_{QCD}^{- 1}$ , hence within non-perturbative dynamics. In elementary collisions, like $e^{+} e^{-}$ , $e^{-} p$ , or $pp$ , phenomenological approaches to hadronization have been developed based on vacuum-like dynamics that require the creation of quark-antiquark and/or diquark pairs during the hadronization process. In the 2000s, the idea was developed that in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus (AA) collisions, which lead to the formation of a partonic medium with large (anti-)quark densities, hadronization can occur through the recombination of in-medium quarks, unlike the situation in $e^{+} e^{-}$ , $e^{-} p$ , and $pp$ . We give an overview of the main features that characterize quark recombination and have enabled a description of several important experimental observables at both RHIC and LHC over the last two decades. We highlight some additional developments and open issues. We specifically discuss the impact of coalescence on the study of heavy-flavor hadronization, including recent developments showing signatures of (the onset of) quark coalescence even in $pp$ collisions at TeV energies. Furthermore, we highlight specific features of hadronization for quarkonium in AA collisions, where it has been possible to develop a dynamical kinetic approach that allows to extract more detailed information about the temperature dependence of the heavy-quark interaction in hot QCD matter.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th6 citations
35*
Dark matter as the source of neutrino mass: theory overview and experimental prospects
Ivania M. Ávila🇨🇱 · Anirban Karan🇪🇸 · Sanjoy Mandal🇰🇷 · Soumya Sadhukhan🇮🇳 · José W. F. Valle🇪🇸
We review theoretical frameworks in which small neutrino masses arise radiatively through interactions with a dark sector that also accounts for cosmological dark matter (DM). A prototype is provided by scotogenic schemes, that extend the inert Higgs doublet model to include dark fermions. We outline their key features and limitations, discussing the advantages of the revamped scotogenic extension. The phenomenological signatures of fermionic and bosonic scotogenic dark matter are discussed, along with scoto-seesaw models that merge scotogenic and seesaw mechanisms. We also consider scenarios where the dark sector seeds a low-scale seesaw. These frameworks can accommodate dark matter as Weakly or Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs or FIMPs). While hidden dark sector models are inherently difficult to exclude, visible dark sector schemes should be confirmed--or ruled out--by forthcoming dark matter, collider, and lepton flavor violation studies.
hep-phastro-ph.COPhys.Rept.(2026)·18 citations
36*
Positive Integrands from Feynman Integrals in the Minkowski Regime
Stephen Jones🇬🇧 · Anton Olsson🇩🇪 · Thomas Stone🇬🇧
We present a method for rewriting dimensionally regulated Feynman parameter integrals in the Minkowski regime as a sum of real, positive integrands multiplied by complex prefactors. This representation eliminates the need for contour deformation, allowing for direct numerical or analytic evaluation of the integrals. We develop an algorithm to construct such representations for a broad class of integrals and demonstrate its generalisation through selected examples. Our approach is applied to integrals up to three loops, including cases with internal masses and off-shell external legs. The resulting expressions are suitable for evaluation using existing techniques, such as sector decomposition, where we observe performance gains of up to four orders of magnitude in certain cases.
hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·11 citations
37*
Soft and virtual corrections to semi-inclusive DIS up to four loops in QCD
Saurav Goyal🇮🇳 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪 · Vaibhav Pathak🇮🇳 · Narayan Rana🇮🇳 · V. Ravindran🇮🇳
We apply the threshold resummation formalism for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) to derive the soft and virtual corrections for the SIDIS cross section up to four loops in QCD. Using the recently computed next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections for the SIDIS cross section together with known results for the form factor and splitting functions in QCD up to four loops, we derive the complete soft and collinear contributions to the SIDIS coefficient functions at four-loop order. We also include systematically the next-to-leading power corrections, which are suppressed near threshold. The numerical analysis of the new four-loop corrections shows a small effect on the cross section underpinning the very good perturbative stability of the SIDIS process at that order in perturbation theory, including the reduced dependence on the renormalization and factorization scales $μ_{R}$ and $μ_{F}$ .
hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2026)·11 citations
38*
ILC Phenomenology of the $Z_{3}$ symmetric Type-Z Three Higgs Doublet Model
Baradhwaj Coleppa🇮🇳 · Akshat Khanna🇮🇳 · Gokul B. Krishna🇮🇳
The Three-Higgs-Doublet Model (3HDM) extends the Standard Model by introducing two additional scalar doublets, leading to a rich spectrum of new particles: three neutral CP-even Higgs bosons ( $h_{1}$ , $H_{2}$ , $H_{3}$ ), two neutral CP-odd Higgs bosons ( $A_{2}$ , $A_{3}$ ), and two charged Higgs bosons ( $H_{2}^{+}$ , $H_{3}^{+}$ ). In this work, we present a phenomenological study of the 3HDM at the future International Linear Collider (ILC) with a center-of-mass energy of $s = 1000 GeV$ . Applying a comprehensive set of theoretical and experimental constraints, we identify promising new physics signals with sufficiently large production cross-sections. Our analysis shows that $e^{+} e^{-} \to H_{2} A_{2}$ , $e^{+} e^{-} \to H_{2} H_{2} Z$ , $A_{2} A_{2} Z$ , $H_{2} H_{2}^{\pm} W^{\mp}$ , $A_{2} H_{2}^{\pm} W^{\mp}$ and $H_{1} H_{2} A_{2}$ are among the most sensitive channels to probe this extended Higgs sector. We demonstrate that a future ILC would offer a powerful platform to test these interactions and discover these heavier Higgs bosons thus providing evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model.
hep-phEPJC(2026)·9 citations
39*
Sudakov evolution without unitarity
Javira Altmann🇦🇺 · Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Ludovic Scyboz🇦🇺 · Peter Skands🇦🇺
We present a method for sampling singular functions defined on (nested) multi-particle phase spaces, based on a generalisation of parton-shower phase-space generation techniques. At the heart of the method are three key ingredients: 1) the Sudakov sampling by which shower-style calculations sweep across phase space in an ordered manner, from hard to soft; 2) the sequential nesting of multiparticle phase spaces; and 3) the factorisations obeyed by singular multiparton amplitudes on the edges of these phase spaces. We demonstrate a C++ implementation of the proposed algorithm, dubbed Sunshine, for hadronic Z decays, and use it to test the tree-level accuracy of the Vincia sector shower through $O (α_{s}^{2})$ .
hep-phEPJC(2025)·1 citation
40*
Searching for Di-Higgs Signatures of Light Charged Scalars
Guglielmo Coloretti🇨🇭 · Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Syuhei Iguro🇯🇵
The excess in $t \to b b c$ observed by ATLAS points towards a charged Higgs boson with a mass around 130GeV, consistent with the expectations from the $B$ anomalies, i.e. $R_{D^{(*)}}$ and $b \to s ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ data. As a non-minimal flavour structure is required for an explanation of these observables, this points towards a two-Higgs-doublet model with generic Yukawa couplings. Such a scenario predicts a sizable cross section for the pair production of the charged Higgs at the Large Hadron Collider, which can be tested by recasting SM di-Higgs searches. While the predicted event rate is even higher than the one of SM Higgs pair production, the smaller efficiency (w.r.t.SM Higgs pair production) reduces the signal yield. Nonetheless, dedicated searches can probe most of the interesting parameter space and lead to a discovery with Run-3 or High-Luminosity LHC data.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2026)·3 citations
41*
QCD antenna radiative spectrum in dense media within the Improved Opacity Expansion
Matvey V. Kuzmin🇷🇺 · João M. Silva🇵🇹
We compute the double differential inclusive spectrum for the emission of a soft gluon from a color-singlet $q q ˉ$ pair traversing a dense QCD medium. Our results extend the existing literature by simultaneously incorporating both single hard and multiple soft gluon exchanges between the jet and the medium -- an essential ingredient for a complete phenomenological description of jet quenching. Using the Improved Opacity Expansion framework, we provide an analytically tractable treatment, reducing the full cross-section to a set of simple expressions. Our analysis demonstrates that rare hard (Molière) scatterings significantly modify the gluon spectrum at large angles, accelerating the loss of color coherence between the initial quarks. We further quantify whether the modifications are driven by an overall weakening of the interference term, or by more detailed modifications to the fragmentation pattern. Our results provide a direct input for phenomenological jet quenching studies, offering new insights into the role of color decoherence in QCD matter.
hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2025)·11 citations
42*
Solving inverse problems of Type IIB flux vacua with conditional generative models
Sven Krippendorf🇬🇧 · Zhimei Liu🇬🇧
We address the inverse problem in Type IIB flux compactifications of identifying flux vacua with targeted phenomenological properties such as specific superpotential values or tadpole constraints using conditional generative models. These machine learning techniques overcome computational bottlenecks in traditional approaches such as rejection sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), which struggle to generate rare, finely-tuned vacua. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that conditional generative models provide a more efficient alternative, specifically using conditional variational autoencoders (CVAEs). We introduce a CVAE framework tailored to flux compactifications, incorporating physical constraints directly into the loss function - enabling the generation of physically consistent vacua beyond the training set. Our experiments on conifold and symmetric torus background geometries show that the CVAE achieves a speedup of about $O (1 0^{3})$ compared to Metropolis sampling, particularly in narrow target ranges for superpotential values. Additionally, the CVAE generates novel, distinct flux configurations beyond the training data, highlighting its potential for probing computationally challenging regions of the string landscape. Our results establish conditional generative models as a powerful and scalable tool for targeted flux vacua generation, opening new pathways for model building in regions of the landscape previously inaccessible by traditional model building techniques.
↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2026)·2 citations
43*
Probing the transition from classical to quantum radiation reaction in relativistic plasma
Haidar Al-Naseri🇺🇸 · Gert Brodin🇸🇪
We study the transition from classical radiation reaction, described by the Landau-Lifshitz model, to the quantum mechanical regime. The plasma is subject to a circularly polarized field where the self-consistent plasma current is the source of the electromagnetic field through Ampere's law. The radiation reaction implies wave energy loss, frequency up-conversion, and a modified distribution function. Increasing the value of the quantum $χ$ -parameter, the quantum results gradually differ from the classical ones. Moreover, the deviation between models also depends on the plasma parameters, including density and temperature. We discuss the implications of our findings.
↳ physics.plasm-phhep-phhep-thPRE(2025)·1 citation
44*
Lattice study of correlators for quarkonium decay
Saumen Datta🇮🇳 · Debasish Banerjee🇬🇧 · Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Marc Janer🇩🇪 · Viljami Leino🇩🇪 · Julian Mayer-Steudte🇩🇪 · Peter Petreczky🇺🇸 · Balbeer Singh🇺🇸 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪
While there has been a lot of progress in developing a formalism for the study of quarkonia in QGP, a nonperturbative study is still difficult. For bottomonia, where the system size is much less than the inverse temperature, the interaction of the system with the medium can be approximated by a dipole interaction with the color electric field. The decay of the quarkonia can be connected to a correlation function of the color electric field. We present preliminary results from a lattice study of the relevant color electric field correlator. The structure of the correlator, and its difference from the corresponding correlator studied for heavy quark diffusion, is discussed.
↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2025)·0 citations
45*
Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Production in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Glennys R. Farrar🇺🇸
Having previously argued that binary neutron star mergers are the principle source of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays~\citep{fBNS-prl25}, we exploit here the highly constrained initial conditions to make quantitative predictions for the cutoff energy of various nuclei. UHECRs heavier than helium are accelerated in the magnetized turbulent outflow outside the jets to a rigidity $R_{cut} \equiv E_{cut} / e Z \approx 6 - 9$ EV, consistent with the measured value $R_{cut} = 6. 3_{- 2.3}^{+ 6.3}$ EV from fitting data. This agreement strengthens the case that BNS mergers are the main site of UHECR production. The jets may accelerate protons and/or helium to cutoff energies $\approx 11.5$ and $\approx 35$ EeV, respectively. Such a jet component and its spallation products could explain the indication of a secondary light population at higher energy found in the analysis of~\citet{muf19}. The relative abundances of different elements and the total energy in UHECRs per merger event will become calculable, pending advances in our understanding of the mechanism of ion uptake into the acceleration process and input from nuclear physics experiments. This scenario implies that each neutrino above 1 PeV is co-directional with a gravitational wave arriving $\approx 1$ day earlier, and that the highest energy UHECRs have masses heavier than iron.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJL(2025)·6 citations
46*
The diffuse supernova neutrino background: an update with modern population synthesis and core-collapse simulations
Cecilia Lunardini🇺🇸 · Tomoya Takiwaki🇯🇵 · Tomoya Kinugawa🇯🇵 · Shunsaku Horiuchi🇯🇵 · Kei Kotake🇯🇵
We present a new, state-of-the-art computation of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB), where we use neutrino spectra from multi-dimensional, multi-second core collapse supernova simulations - including both neutron-star and black-hole forming collapses - and binary evolution effects from modern population synthesis codes. Large sets of numerical results are processed and connected in a consistent manner, using two key quantities: the mass of the star's Carbon-Oxygen (CO) core at an advanced pre-collapse stage - which depends on binary evolution effects - and the compactness parameter, which is the main descriptor of the post-collapse neutrino emission. The method enables us to model the neutrino emission of a very diverse, binary-affected population of stars, which cannot unambiguously be mapped in detail by existing core collapse simulations. We find that including black hole-forming collapses enhances the DSNB by up to 50% at energies greater than 30-40 MeV. Binary evolution effects can change the total rate of collapses and generate a sub-population of high core mass stars that are stronger neutrino emitters. However, the net effect on the DSNB is moderate - up to a 15% increase in flux - due to the rarity of these super-massive cores and to the relatively modest dependence of the neutrino emission on the CO core mass. The methodology presented here is suitable for extensions and generalizations, and therefore it lays the foundation for modern treatments of the DSNB.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·6 citations
47*
Elliptic flow of charged hadrons in d+Au collisions at $s_{N N} =$ 200 GeV using a multi-phase transport model
Jaideep Tanwar🇮🇳 · Ishu Aggarwal🇮🇳 · Vipul Bairathi🇨🇱 · Lokesh Kumar🇮🇳 · Sonia Kabana🇨🇱
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the elliptic flow coefficient, $v_{2}$ , for charged hadrons at mid-rapidity in d+Au collisions at $s_{NN} = 200 GeV$ . Utilizing the AMPT model in both default and string melting modes, we examine the dependence of $v_{2}$ on transverse momentum, collision centrality, and particle type. Furthermore, we present $v_{2}$ scaled by participant eccentricity, which indicates a similar level of collectivity across different centrality intervals in d+Au collisions at $s_{NN} = 200 GeV$ within the AMPT-SM model. Our results indicate that the early-stage partonic phase significantly influences $v_{2}$ , as observed by variations in parton scattering cross-section, while the later stage hadronic rescattering shows minimal impact. Comparisons with STAR and PHENIX experimental data show that the AMPT model effectively captures the transverse momentum dependence of $v_{2}$ , underlining the importance of parton scattering mechanisms and the need for careful interpretation of experimental results in asymmetric systems.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2026)·0 citations
48*
Bayesian constraints on quark stars from multi-messenger observations
Wen-Jie Xie🇨🇳 · Cheng-Jun Xia🇨🇳 · Chen Zhang🇨🇳 · Renxin Xu🇨🇳
We perform a systematic Bayesian analysis of quark star equations of state under current multimessenger constraints, investigating the impact of prior assumptions and extreme-mass observations. Quark matter is modeled within an interacting MIT bag framework that consistently accommodates color-superconducting phases (2SC, 2SC+s, and CFL) and perturbative QCD corrections. We find that quark star models exhibit a distinct advantage in naturally accommodating the ultra-low mass object HESS J1731-347, a configuration that is challenging for standard neutron star models. In the high-mass regime, the interpretation of the secondary component of GW190814 is shown to be strongly prior-dependent: only broad priors allow for the substantial stiffness required to support such a massive object ( $\sim$ 2.6 M $_{⊙}$ ), while more restrictive priors favor a softer equation of state consistent with standard pulsar populations. Microscopically, we demonstrate that current data tightly constrain the effective bag constant and the overall stiffness, but cannot distinguish between different color-superconducting phases. Furthermore, we validate a reduction of the model to two effective parameters without loss of information. Our results indicate that if quark stars exist, their sound speeds consistently exceeds the conformal limit ( $c_{s}^{2} > 1/3$ ) at stellar densities.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2026)·4 citations
49*
A generalized definition of the isothermal compressibility in (2+1)-flavor QCD
D. A. Clarke🇺🇸 · J. Goswami🇩🇪 · F. Karsch🇩🇪 · P. Petreczky🇺🇸
We introduce a generalized definition of the isothermal compressibility ( $κ_{T, σ_{Q}^{2}}$ ) calculable by keeping net conserved charge fluctuations rather than total number densities constant. We present lattice QCD results for this isothermal compressibility, expressed in terms of fluctuations of conserved charges that are related to baryon ( $B$ ), electric charge ( $Q$ ) and strangeness ( $S$ ) quantum numbers. This generalized isothermal compressibility is compared with hadron resonance gas model calculations as well as with heavy-ion collision data obtained at RHIC and the LHC. We find $κ_{T, σ_{Q}^{2}} = 13.8 (1.3)$ ~fm $^{3}$ /GeV at $T_{p c, 0} = 156.5 (1.5)$ ~MeV and $μ^_{B} = 0$ . This finding is consistent with the rescaled result of the ALICE Collaboration, where we replaced the number of charged hadrons ( $N_{ch}$ ) by the total number of hadrons ( $N_{tot}$ ) at freeze-out. Normalizing this result with the QCD pressure ( $P$ ) we find that the isothermal compressibility on the pseudo-critical line stays close to that of an {\it ideal gas}, {\it i.e.} $P κ_{T, σ_{Q}^{2}} ≃ 1$ .
↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·3 citations
50*
Reconstructing dark energy with model independent methods after DESI DR2 BAO
Jun-Xian Li🇨🇳 · Shuang Wang🇨🇳
In this paper, we employ two model-independent approaches, including redshift binning method and polynomial interpolation method, to reconstruct dark energy (DE) equation of state (EoS) $w (z)$ and DE density function $f (z)$ . Our analysis incorporates data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) data release 2, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) distance priors from Planck 2018 and Atacama Cosmology Telescope data release 6, and three Type Ia supernovae (SN) compilations (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5). To ensure model independence, we adopt three redshift binning schemes (n=3, 4, 5) and three polynomial interpolation schemes with the same number of nodes (n=3, 4, 5). Our main conclusions are as follows: 1) After taking into account DESI data, there is a trend that DE should evolve with redshift (with deviations from the cosmological constant reaching at least a $2.13 σ$ confidence level), indicating that current observations favor a dynamical DE. 2) In the redshift range $0.5 < z < 1.5$ , the DE EoS w(z) exhibits a decreasing trend and crosses the phantom divide $w = - 1$ , suggesting quintom-like behavior. 3) The DE density f(z) first increases at low redshift, reaching a hump around $z \approx 0.5$ , and then decreases at $0.5 < z < 1.5$ , with a rapid decrease at $z > 1.0$ . 4) For $z > 1.5$ , current data are insufficient to place strong constraints on the evolution of DE, resulting in large uncertainties in the DE reconstruction. It must be emphasized that, these four main conclusions are independent of specific reconstruction models, and are insensitive to the choice of SN compilations.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phEPJC(2025)·57 citations
51*
Quantum Estimation in QED Scattering
Preslav Asenov🇬🇧 · WenHan Zhang🇬🇧 · Alessio Serafini🇬🇧
We tackle the issue of estimating dynamical parameters in quantum electrodynamics. We numerically compute the quantum Fisher information matrix (QFIM) of physical parameters in electron-muon and Compton scattering at tree level. In particular, we consider the estimation of centre-of-mass three-momentum magnitude and polar scattering angle through measurements on the internal degrees of freedom (helicity or polarisation) of the scattered particles. Computations are carried out for pure and maximally mixed initial states. The QFIM values are then used to compute the quantum Cramér-Rao lower bounds on the estimations at hand. Further, we compare such ultimate bounds to the classical Fisher information of local polarisation or helicity degrees of freedom.
↳ quant-phhep-phPRD(2026)·6 citations
52*
Ultra High Energy Neutrino Event KM3-230213A as a Signal of Electroweak Vacuum Turbulence in Merging Black Hole Binaries
Alexander S. Sakharov🇺🇸 · Rostislav Konoplich🇺🇸 · Merab Gogberashvili🇬🇪
The recent detection of the ultra-high-energy neutrino event KM3-230213A ( $\sim$ 220 PeV) by KM3NeT telescope poses a challenge to conventional astrophysical models, particularly in light of the absence of similar $≳$ 100 PeV events in IceCube data, despite its larger exposure. We propose a novel mechanism in which binary black hole mergers act as transient neutrino sources via gravitationally induced electroweak vacuum instability. In this scenario, the extreme spacetime curvature near the horizons during the final inspiral phase destabilizes the Higgs vacuum, triggering nucleation of true-vacuum bubbles. Collisions between these bubbles produce microscopic black holes that rapidly evaporate via Hawking radiation, emitting intense, short-lived bursts of neutrinos with energies exceeding 100 PeV. The resulting neutrino fluence follows a heavy-tailed distribution, allowing rare but highly luminous sources to account for events like KM3-230213A while remaining consistent with IceCube's non-detections. This framework links gravitational wave sources to ultra-high-energy neutrino production and suggests that future multi-messenger observations may detect electromagnetic signatures from microscopic black hole evaporation.
↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
53*
Two and three point functions in real singlet and complex doublet scalar model
Muhammad Saad🇵🇰 · Tajdar Mufti🇵🇰
We study dynamics of an interacting theory of a real singlet scalar and an $S U (2)$ symmetry preserving complex doublet scalar fields using lattice simulations over a broad region of the parameter space. The model contains all $S U (2)$ -preserving quartic and a real singlet- $S U (2)$ invariant doublet field Yukawa interactions. The field propagators and the Yukawa vertex are the central structures for the study. We complement the study by implementing machine learning routines to the correlation functions in order to probe the underlying physics. The model reveals the role of nonperturbative effects in terms of infrared enhanced field propagators with a stable amputated Yukawa vertex, and a continuum-like scaling window in the parameter space with large regulator. The ultraviolet effects are visible in terms of an scaling structure appearing in a composite operator of mixed scalar interactions and the singlet expectation value.
↳ hep-lathep-ph0 citations
54*
From new physics to a running power law and back again: Minimal refitting techniques for the reconstruction of the gravitational-wave background signal in pulsar timing array data
David Esmyol🇩🇪 · Antonio J. Iovino🇦🇪 · Kai Schmitz🇩🇪
Pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently presented evidence for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal at nanohertz frequencies. In this paper, we introduce new refitting techniques for PTA data analysis that elevate related techniques in the literature to a more rigorous level and thus provide the basis for fast and accurate Bayesian inference and physically intuitive model comparisons. The key idea behind our approach is to construct maps \Phi from GWB spectral models to a running-power-law (RPL) reference model, such that the pullback \Phi^* P_RPL of the RPL posterior density P_RPL induces a likelihood on the GWB model parameter space; in other words, we refit spectral models to the RPL posterior density. In order to construct \Phi, we introduce a matched-filtering approach in which \Phi follows from a \chi^2 minimization that accounts for the frequency dependence of PTA sensitivity curves. We validate and illustrate our techniques by three concrete examples: GWs from stable cosmic strings, GWs from metastable strings, and scalar-induced GWs.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM+1PRD(2026)·5 citations
55*
Optimal observables for (non-)equilibrium quantum metrology from the master equation
Víctor López-Pardo🇪🇸 · Alexander Rothkopf🇰🇷
We demonstrate how observables with optimal sensitivity to environmental properties can be constructed explicitly from the master equation of an open-quantum system. Our approach does not rely on the explicit solution of the master equation. This makes the symmetric logarithmic derivative (SLD), the operator of optimal sensitivity and key quantity in quantum metrology, available to a large class of systems of interest, both in and out-of-equilibrium. We validate our approach by reproducing the SLD for temperature in quantum Brownian motion and demonstrate its versatility by constructing the optimal observable for the non-equilibrium relaxation rate.
↳ quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-ph3 citations
56*
Properties of Non-topological Solitons in Two-dimensional Model With Resurrected Conformal Symmetry
Yulia Galushkina🇷🇺 · Eduard Kim🇷🇺 · Emin Nugaev🇷🇺 · Yakov Shnir🇷🇺
We study properties of non-topological solitons in two-dimensional conformal field theory. The spectrum of linear perturbations on these solutions is found to be trivial, containing only symmetry-related zero modes. The interpretation of this feature is given by considering the relativistic generalization of our theory in which the conformal symmetry is violated. It is explicitly seen that the restoration of this symmetry leads to the absence of decay/vibrational modes.
↳ hep-thhep-phnlin.PSEPL(2025)·4 citations
57*
Cosmic Axions Revealed via Amplified Modulation of Ellipticity of Laser (CARAMEL)
Hooman Davoudiasl🇺🇸 · Yannis K. Semertzidis🇰🇷
We propose a new axion dark matter detection strategy that employs optical readout of laser-beam ellipticity modulations caused by axion-induced electric fields in a microwave cavity, using electro-optic (EO) crystals, enhanced by externally injected radio-frequency (rf) power. Building upon the variance-based probing method~\cite{Omarov_2023}, we extend this concept to the optical domain: a weak probe laser interacts with an EO crystal coupled to the resonant microwave cavity field at cryogenic temperatures, and the axion-induced electric field is revealed through induced ellipticity. The injected rf signal coherently interferes with that of the axion field, amplifying the optical response and significantly improving sensitivity. While our EO-based method employs a Fabry-Pérot resonator, we do not require Michelson interferometers. Our method hence enables compact, high-frequency axion searches across the $0.5$ -- $50 GHz$ range. Operating at cryogenic temperatures not only suppresses thermal backgrounds but, critically, allows the probing method to mitigate quantum noise. This approach offers a scalable path forward for axion detection over the $\sim (few - - 200) μ eV$ mass range -- covering the preferred parameter space for post-inflationary Peccei--Quinn axion dark matter -- using compact, tunable systems. \noindent Published in \textit{Phys. Rev. D} \textbf{113}, 032012 (2026).\\ DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.113.032012. This version includes further experimental details.
↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·2 citations
58*
Comment on "LaMET's Asymptotic Extrapolation vs. Inverse Problem"
Hervé Dutrieux🇫🇷 · Joe Karpie🇺🇸 · Christopher J. Monahan🇺🇸 · Kostas Orginos🇺🇸 · Anatoly Radyushkin🇺🇸 · David Richards🇺🇸 · Savvas Zafeiropoulos🇫🇷
In arXiv:2504.17706 {Dutrieux:2025jed} we criticized the excessive model-dependence introduced by rigid few-parameter fits to extrapolate lattice data in the large momentum effective theory (LaMET) when the data are noisy and lose signal before an exponential asymptotic behavior of the space-like correlators is established. In reaction, arXiv:2505.14619 {Chen:2025cxr} claims that even when the data is of poor quality, rigid parametrizations are better than attempts at representing the uncertainty using what they call "inverse problem methods". We clarify the fundamental differences in our perspectives regarding how to meaningfully handle noisy lattice matrix elements, especially when they exhibit a strong sensitivity to the choice of regularization in the inverse problem. We additionally correct misunderstandings of {Chen:2025cxr} on our message and methods.
↳ hep-lathep-ph7 citations
59*
Constraining self-interacting ultrahigh-energy muon neutrinos by cosmic microwave background spectral distortion
Pravin Kumar Natwariya🇨🇳 · Shibsankar Si🇮🇳 · Alekha C. Nayak🇮🇳 · Tripurari Srivastava🇨🇳
The neutrino telescopes have firmly established the existence of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos. Observations of these neutrinos offer a unique probe of neutrino self-interactions. This work investigates how the self-interacting neutrinos, mediated by scalar bosons, inject energy into the medium through radiative scattering with the cosmic neutrino background, leaving an imprint on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum. The energy injection into plasma in redshift ranges, $5 \times 1 0^{4} ≲ z ≲ 2 \times 1 0^{6}$ and $z ≲ 5 \times 1 0^{4}$ , leads to $μ$ -type and $y$ -type CMB spectral distortions, respectively. Using observational constraints from Cosmic Background Explorer/Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (COBE/FIRAS) and projected sensitivities from Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) experiments for $μ$ -type and $y$ -type CMB distortions, we derive the stringent upper bounds on the self-interaction coupling strength as a function of mediator mass for neutrino interactions. We focus on flavor-specific self-interaction related to muon neutrinos and sub-GeV mass mediators ( $m_{ϕ}$ ). We find the upper bound on the self-interaction coupling strength to be $\sim 2.8 \times 1 0^{- 4}$ for the muon neutrino, considering ultrahigh-energy muon neutrino energy to be 1 PeV and PIXIE projected upper bounds on $y$ -type CMB spectral distortion. The bound remains constant till the mediator mass reaches the center-of-mass energy, and after that, it gets relaxed and becomes proportional to the mediator mass. We have also compared our results with existing bounds in the literature. Our findings indicate that CMB spectral distortion could play a decisive role in exploring neutrino physics beyond the standard model of particle physics, and future missions like PIXIE can provide valuable insights.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2026)·3 citations
60*
Quantum stress-energy at timelike boundaries: testing a new beyond- $Λ$ CDM parameter with cosmological data
Oliver H. E. Philcox🇺🇸 · Eva Silverstein🇺🇸 · Gonzalo Torroba🇦🇷
We analyze the basic cosmological effects of a population of timelike boundaries -- a form of nontrivial spacetime topology -- containing a boundary layer of quantum stress energy. This accumulation of vacuum fluctuations of quantum fields can be consistently negative and UV sensitive, providing an additional source of cosmic energy density strong enough to compete with matter and dark energy. For boundary conditions enabling a solution with fixed comoving boundary size, this effect contributes a qualitatively new term to the Friedmann equation determining the expansion history, scaling like $- 1/ a$ for scale factor $a$ . It naturally dominates at relatively late times ( $a \approx 1/2$ ), while leaving intact well-measured early universe physics such as big bang nucleosynthesis and recombination. For a wide window of parameters, the boundaries can be larger than the Planck length throughout their history, back through the start of inflation at any viable scale. We analyze CMB and BAO data sets (Planck, ACT, and DESI) allowing for this component, finding a slight preference ( $\sim 2 σ$ ) and a relaxation of current tensions in the data (including the neutrino mass) in a physical manner. This novel parameter fits into a larger space of physical parameters beyond- $Λ$ CDM that may serve this role, including negative spatial curvature, which may also be motivated by topological considerations and chaotic dynamics. Finally, we comment on additional phenomenological prospects for testing for this form of topology in the universe.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·13 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.