Tue·Mar 11, 2025Tuesday·March 11, 2025

1. 01*

   Study of deeply virtual Compton scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider

   Elke-Caroline Aschenauer🇺🇸 · Varvara Batozskaya🇵🇱 · Salvatore Fazio🇮🇹 · Alexander Jentsch🇺🇸 · Jihee Kim🇺🇸 · Krešimir Kumerički🇭🇷 · Herve Moutarde🇫🇷 · Kornelija Passek-K.🇭🇷 · Daria Sokhan🇬🇧 · Hubert Spiesberger🇩🇪 · Paweł Sznajder🇵🇱 · Kemal Tezgin🇺🇸

   This study presents the impact of future measurements of deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) with the ePIC detector at the electron-ion collider (EIC), currently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The considered process is sensitive to generalized parton distributions (GPDs), the understanding of which is a cornerstone of the EIC physics programme. Our study marks a milestone in the preparation of DVCS measurements at EIC and provides a reference point for future analyses. In addition to presenting distributions of basic kinematic variables obtained with the latest ePIC design and simulation software, we examine the impact of future measurements on the understanding of nucleon tomography and DVCS Compton form factors, which are directly linked to GPDs. We also assess the impact of radiative corrections and background contribution arising from exclusive ${\pi }^0$ production.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Dark Matter Annihilation from Pulsating Dark Stars

   Chris Kouvaris🇬🇷 · Dimitris Zavitsanos🇬🇷

   A strongly self-interacting component of asymmetric dark matter can collapse and form compact objects, provided there is an efficient mechanism of energy evacuation. If the dark matter quantum number is not completely conserved but it is slightly violated due to some new physics e.g. at the Planck scale, dark matter particles can annihilate into Standard Model particles. Even tiny annihilation cross sections are sufficient to create observable luminosities. We demonstrate that these dark matter annihilations can trigger radial pulsations, causing a characteristic time modulation of the luminosities produced. We argue that in this scenario, the spectral features along with the properties of the oscillation can create a unique discovery signal for such objects in the sky.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2025)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Oblique parameters at next-to-leading order within electroweak strongly-coupled scenarios: constraining heavy resonances

   Antonio Pich🇪🇸 · Ignasi Rosell🇪🇸 · Juan José Sanz-Cillero🇪🇸

   Using a general (non-linear) effective field theory description of the Standard Model electroweak symmetry breaking, we analyse the impact on the electroweak oblique parameters of hypothetical heavy resonance states strongly coupled to the SM particles. We present a next-to-leading order calculation of $S$ and $T$ that updates and generalizes our previous results, including P-odd operators in the Lagrangian, fermionic cuts and the current experimental bounds. We demonstrate that in any strongly-coupled underlying theory where the two Weinberg Sum Rules are satisfied, as happens in asymptotically free gauge theories, the masses of the heavy vector and axial-vector states must be heavier than 10 TeV. Lighter resonances with masses around 2-3 TeV are only possible in theoretical scenarios where the 2nd Weinberg Sum Rule is not fulfilled.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Triple Higgs Production at Muon Colliders in the Higgs Triplet Model

   Bathiya Samarakoon🇺🇸 · Terrance M. Figy🇺🇸

   The production of three Higgs bosons provides a unique opportunity to probe both the trilinear and quartic Higgs couplings within the Standard Model and beyond. In this study, we investigate triple Higgs production in the Higgs Triplet Model via photon fusion, $\gamma \gamma \to h^0{h}^0{h}^0$, allowing us to explore the contributions from singly and doubly charged Higgs bosons and their couplings to CP-even scalars. We analyze the total cross sections and kinematic distributions, comparing our results with the corresponding SM predictions. Our calculations utilize an Automated One-Loop Calculator to evaluate the numerical amplitudes for the $2\to 3$ process. For the collider simulations, we develop a Monte Carlo phase-space integrator to predict outcomes for a future muon collider, covering a center-of-mass energy range from 2 TeV to 10 TeV.

   hep-phEPJC(2026)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Hadron Structure: Perspective and Insights

   Daniele Binosi🇮🇹 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · Zhao-Qian Yao🇨🇳

   The bulk of visible mass is supposed to emerge from nonperturbative dynamics within quantum chromodynamics (QCD) -- the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model. Following years of development and refinement, continuum and lattice Schwinger function methods have recently joined in revealing the three pillars that support this emergent hadron mass (EHM); namely, a nonzero gluon mass-scale, a process-independent effective charge, and dressed-quarks with constituent-like masses. One may argue that EHM and confinement are inextricably linked; and theory is now working to expose their manifold expressions in hadron observables and highlight the types of measurements that can be made in order to validate the paradigm. This contribution sketches the role played by EHM in shaping hadron electromagnetic and gravitational form factors, exciting nucleon resonances, and moulding hadron parton distributions.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PoS(2025)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Mass Matrix Rules and the Flat Pattern of Quarks

   Ying Zhang🇨🇳

   Seeking mass patterns is a key to decoding the unknown flavor puzzles in particle physics. Inspired by quark hierarchical masses, the mass matrix can universally be factorized into a family-diagonal phase matrix $K_L^q$ and a real symmetric matrix $M_N^q$ characterized by only two parameters. The factorized structure provides model-independent rules to the mass matrix. We demonstrate that the large ${\delta }_{CP}$ naturally arises from the degeneracy of the first two quark families in the mass hierarchy limit. As an application, the flat pattern with elements close to unity in the matrix is checked by fitting quark masses and the CKM mixing. It achieves a precise description of flavor structure with minimal parameters.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Investigating hybrid mesons with $0^{+-}$ and $2^{+-}$ exotic quantum numbers

   Bing Chen🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   Hybrid mesons occupy a unique position in the hadronic spectrum, offering a valuable insight into the non-perturbative nature of the glue field. Hybrid states with exotic $J^{PC}$ quantum numbers, such as the $1^{-+}$, $0^{+-}$ and $2^{+-}$, cannot mix with conventional $q\bar{q}$ mesons, making them critical for establishing the full spectrum of hybrid mesons. In this work, we investigate the masses and the strong decays of $0^{+-}$ and $2^{+-}$ hybrid mesons, which could be regarded as the first orbitally excited states of the ${\pi }_1(1600)$ and ${\eta }_1(1855)$ mesons. We develop a constituent gluon model and apply it to study the mass spectra and decay modes of these exotic states. Our results suggest that experiment may searched for these $0^{+-}$ and $2^{+-}$ hybrid mesons in the mass region between 2.0 GeV and 2.4 GeV. Additionally, we identify some key decay channels which should be targeted in future experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   A reanalysis of event shape distributions in electron-positron annihilation

   Zhu-Yu Ren🇨🇳 · Sheng-Quan Wang🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Leonardo Di Giustino🇮🇹

   Theoretical calculations for event shape observables are often determined by using the conventional scale setting; i.e. the procedure defined by setting the renormalization scale to the center-of-mass energy ${\mu }_r=\sqrt{s}$ and evaluating theoretical uncertainties by varying the same scale ${\mu }_r$ in an arbitrary range. Both the event shape distributions and the extracted QCD coupling ${\alpha }_s$ are plagued by the large renormalization scale uncertainties when using the conventional scale setting. The Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) provides a rigorous method to eliminate the renormalization scheme and scale ambiguities in perturbative QCD predictions. In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of the event shape observables by applying the PMC method together with the use of the physical $V$-scheme. The PMC scales are not simple single-valued functions, but depend with continuity on the value of the unintegrated event shape variable. This reflects the virtuality of the underlying quark and gluon subprocess and yields to a physical behavior of the scale all over the entire range of each observable. Moreover, the PMC scales in the $V$-scheme exhibits a faster increase compared to the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme, and a better convergence in the perturbative series can be obtained. Results obtained by the PMC method for the event shape variables, thrust ($T$), heavy jet mass ($\rho =M_H^2/s$), wide jet broadening ($B_W$), total jet broadening ($B_T$), C-parameter ($C$), are in agreement with the high precision experimental data, and for the case of the jet transition variable $Y_3$, we obtain a first improvement in the results to some extent compared with the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·2 citations
9. 09*

   Higgs production from anomalous gluon dynamics

   Ulrich Haisch🇩🇪

   We present a two-loop analysis of the contributions to Higgs production via gluon-gluon fusion arising from the triple-gluon operator in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT). Our discussion covers all aspects of renormalization group (RG) improved perturbation theory, including matching and running within the SMEFT. This study can therefore be seen as a blueprint of the intricacies and subtleties that arise in RG improved SMEFT calculations for collider processes beyond the leading order.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·21 citations
10. 10*

    Production of $1^{-+}$ exotic charmonium-like states in electron-positron collisions

    Xiao-Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Pan-Pan Shi🇪🇸 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳

    The absence of observed charmonium-like states with the exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ has prompted us to investigate the production rates of the $1^{-+}$ $D{\bar{D}}_1(2420)$ and $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_1(2420)$ hadronic molecules, which we refer to as ${\eta }_{c1}$ and ${\eta }_{c1}^{\prime }$, respectively, in electron-positron collisions. Assuming a hadronic molecular nature for the vector charmonium-like states $\psi (4360)$ and $\psi (4415)$, we evaluate the radiative decay widths of $\psi (4360)\to \gamma {\eta }_{c1}$ and $\psi (4415)\to \gamma {\eta }_{c1}^{\prime }$. Using these decay widths, we estimate the cross sections for producing ${\eta }_{c1}$ and ${\eta }_{c1}^{\prime }$ in electron-positron annihilations, as well as the event numbers at the planned Super $\tau$-Charm Facility. Our results suggest that the ideal energy region for observing these states is around $4.44$ and $4.50$ GeV, just above the $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_1(2420)$ and $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_2^{\ast }(2460)$ thresholds, respectively.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Prospects for testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry with ${\mathrm{H}}_2^{+}$ and ${\bar{\mathrm{H}}}_2^{-}$

    Arnaldo J. Vargas🇺🇸

    This work presents a model for testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry using rovibrational transitions within the electronic ground state of the molecular hydrogen ion (H${}_2^{+}$). The model is based on the Standard-Model Extension (SME) and incorporates minimal and nonminimal effects. Our analysis concludes that sidereal variation studies of these transitions could establish first bounds on SME proton coefficients. Additionally, the prospects for testing CPT symmetry with the molecular antihydrogen ion are discussed and compared to those of atomic antihydrogen experiments. This comparison highlights that both systems complement each other, as each is better suited to constrain specific types of CPT-violating operators.

    hep-ph6 citations
12. 12*

    Probing $D_s^{\ast }$-meson longitudinal twist-2 LCDA

    Si-Hai Zhang🇨🇳 · Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳 · Ya-Xiong Wang🇨🇳 · Wan-Bing Luo🇨🇳

    In this paper, we carry on an investigation of the semileptonic decays $B_s\to D_s^{\ast }\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$. Firstly, we derive the moments of the $D_s^{\ast }$-meson longitudinal leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) based on QCD sum rules within background field theory framework. Considering the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-six, its first ten non-zero $\xi$-moments are given. Meanwhile, we construct the $D_s^{\ast }$-meson longitudinal leading-twist LCDA by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model. Then, using those moments, we fix the model parameters ${\alpha }_{2;D_s^{\ast }}$ and $B_1^{2;D_s^{\ast }}$ by the least square method and apply them to calculate $B_s\to D_s^{\ast }$ transition form factors $A_1(q^2),A_2(q^2)$ and $V(q^2)$ that are derived by using the QCD light-cone sum rules. At the large recoil region, we obtain $A_1(0)=0.632_{-0.135}^{+0.228},A_2(0)=0.706_{-0.092}^{+0.109}$ and $V(0)=0.647_{-0.069}^{+0.076}$. Those form factors are then extrapolated to the allowed whole physical $q^2$-region through the simplified series expansion. Finally, we obtain the branching fractions for the two decay channels $B_s\to D_s^{\ast }\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$, $i.e.$ $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to D_s^{\ast +}{e}^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_e)=(5.45_{-1.57}^{+2.15})\times 10^{-2}$, $\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to D_s^{\ast +}{\mu }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu })=(5.43_{-1.57}^{+2.14})\times 10^{-2}$.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·1 citation
13. 13*

    Machine Learning Unveils the Power Law of Finite-Volume Energy Shifts

    Wei-Jie Zhang · Zhenyu Zhang · Jifeng Hu · Bing-Nan Lu · Jin-Yi Pang · Qian Wang

    Finite-volume extrapolation is an important step for extracting physical observables from lattice calculations. However, it is a significant challenge for the system with long-range interactions. We employ symbolic regression to regress finite-volume extrapolation formula for both short-range and long-range interactions. The regressed formula still holds the exponential form with a factor $L^n$ in front of it. The power decreases with the decreasing range of the force. When the range of the force becomes sufficiently small, the power converges to $-1$, recovering the short-range formula as expected. Our work represents a significant advancement in leveraging machine learning to probe uncharted territories within particle physics.

    hep-phhep-latChin.Phys.Lett.(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    A Classical Interpretation of the Nonrelativistic Quark Potential Model: Color Charge Definition and the Meson Mass-Radius Relationship

    ZhiGuang Tan (1)🇨🇳 · YouNeng Guo (1)🇨🇳 · ShengJie Wang (1)🇨🇳 · Hua Zheng (2) ((1) School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, China, (2) School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, China)🇨🇳

    Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing quark interactions, and various quark models based on QCD have been widely used to study the properties of hadrons, including their structures and mass spectra. However, unlike Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, there is no direct classical analogy for hadronic structures.This paper presents a classical interpretation of the nonrelativistic quark potential model, providing a more intuitive and visualizable description of strong interactions through the quantitative formulation of color charge and color flux.Furthermore, we establish the relationship between meson mass and its structural radius in the nonrelativistic framework and estimate the key parameters of our model using available data from ${\eta }_b(1S)$ and ${\rm Y}(1S)$. We then extend this relationship to a broader range of excited meson states, obtaining structural radii that show good agreement with the root mean square (RMS) radius or charge radius predicted by QCD calculations.

    hep-phCPC(2026)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Pseudorapidity density distributions of charged particles and transverse momentum spectra of identified particles in pp collisions in PACIAE 4.0 model

    Z. Xie🇨🇳 · A.K. Lei🇨🇳 · H. Zheng🇨🇳 · W.C. Zhang🇨🇳 · D.M. Zhou🇨🇳 · Z.L. She🇨🇳 · Y.L. Yan🇨🇳 · B.H. Sa🇨🇳

    The pseudorapidity density distributions of charged particles and the transverse momentum spectra of identified particles in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the center-of-mass energies ranging from $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV to 13 TeV have been systematically studied using the newly released parton and cascade model PACIAE 4.0 based on PYTHIA 8.3. The available experimental data are well reproduced across all analyzed aspects. This theoretical method can be easily extended to anywhere the experimental data for pp collisions are currently unavailable. Furthermore, since pp collisions serve as the baseline for heavy-ion collisions, our results can provide a valuable resource for both experimentalists and theorists.

    hep-phPRC(2025)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Studying the VBF Hjj and Hjjj Higgs Boson Production in QCD and EFT Theory

    T.V. Obikhod🇺🇦 · Ie.A. Petrenko🇺🇦

    The discovery of the Higgs boson made it possible not only to study its physical properties and update its search strategies, but also to apply new theoretical constructs to explain its properties. Within the framework of the VBF Higgs boson production process in association with two, Hjj and three jets, Hjjj, we modeled its kinematic properties and calculated its production cross-sections. The calculations were carried out within two theories, QCD and EFT for both SM processes and for the MSSM and NMSSM models within the framework of the BSM physics searches.

    hep-phProb.Atomic Sci.Technol.(2025)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Quasi-Classical Approximation of Electromagnetic Radiation by Fermions embedded in Rigidly Rotating Medium in Strong Magnetic Field

    Matteo Buzzegoli🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸 · Nandagopal Vijayakumar🇺🇸

    We develop the quasi-classical (WKB) approximation of the synchrotron radiation by a fermion embedded into uniformly rotating system in external magnetic field. We show that it gives an accurate approximation of the exact expression that we recently obtained at a tiny fraction of the numerical cost. Our results can be used to compute the electromagnetic radiation of the quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRC(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Parton distribution functions of ground state mesons composed of $c$ or $b$ quarks

    Qian Wu🇨🇳 · Zhu-Fang Cui🇨🇳 · Jorge Segovia🇪🇸

    The valence quark parton distribution functions (PDFs) of all ground state heavy mesons that composed of $b$ or $c$ quarks, are discussed; namely, the pseudoscalar ${\eta }_c(1S)$, ${\eta }_b(1S)$ and $B_c$, together with the corresponding vector ones, $J/\psi$, ${\rm Y}(1S)$ and $B_c^{\ast }$. We use a QCD-inspired constituent quark model, which has been applied with success to conventional heavy mesons, so that one advantage here is that all parameters have already been fixed by previous studies. The wave functions of the heavy mesons in the rest frame are obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation, then boosted to its light-front based on Susskind's Lorentz transformation. The PDFs at the hadron scale, are then obtained by integrating out the transverse momenta of the modulus square of the light-front wave function. Our study shows how the valence quark distributions differ between pseudoscalar and vector mesons, as well as among charmonia, bottomonia and bottom-charmed mesons. Comparisons with other theoretical calculations demonstrate that the PDFs obtained herein are in general narrower but align well with the expected patterns. Moreover, each PDF's point-wise behavior is squeezed with respect to the scale-free parton-like PDF.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Novel and Updated Bounds on Flavor-violating Z Interactions in the Lepton Sector

    Fayez Abu-Ajamieh🇮🇳 · Amine Ahriche🇦🇪 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

    We investigate the experimental bounds on the Flavor-Violating (FV) couplings of the $Z$ boson to the charged leptons. In addition to the direct LHC searches for FV $Z$ decays to leptons, we investigate indirect bounds from flavor-conserving $Z$ decays to leptons at 1-loop, bounds from LEP searches, Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO), ${\ell }_i\to {\ell }_j\gamma$ decays, ${\ell }_i\to 3{\ell }_j$ decays, ${\ell }_i\to {\ell }_j+\text{inv.}$ decays, FV meson decays to leptons, FV $\tau$ decays to $\mu (e)$ + mesons, muon conversion in nuclei, and from muonium-antimuonium oscillations. For FV $Z$ couplings to $\tau \mu$, we find that $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ yields the strongest bounds, with a level reaching $\mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$, followed by bounds from $\tau \to 3\mu (\mu ee)$. For FV $Z$ couplings to $\tau e$, we find that the strongest bounds arise from the decay $\tau \to \mu \mu e$, reaching $\mathcal{O}(10^{-7})$ as well, with bounds from $\tau \to 3e$ also yielding strong bounds. For FV $Z$ couplings to $\mu e$, we find that the strongest bounds are obtained from the decay $\mu \to 3e$, reaching $\mathcal{O}(10^{-11})$, with bounds from $\mu \to e\gamma$, muon conversion, $K_L^0\to \mu e$ and $\mu \to e+\text{inv.}$ also providing strong bounds. We also study projections from future experiments, such as the FCC-ee, Belle II and the Mu2e experiment. For the $Z$ couplings to $\tau \mu$, we find that future experiments could improve the bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-6})$, whereas for the $Z$ couplings to $\tau e$, we find that future experiments could improve the bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-8})$, and for the $Z$ couplings to $\mu e$, they could improve the bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-13})$

    hep-ph5 citations
20. 20*

    Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon

    Ho-Yeon Won🇫🇷 · Cédric Lorcé🇫🇷

    We study in detail the relativistic distributions of energy, longitudinal momentum, longitudinal energy flux, and longitudinal thrust inside nucleons based on the quantum phase-space formalism. Similar to recent studies on the electromagnetic current, we include the effects of the nucleon polarization and show that the latter are essential for understanding how the Breit frame distributions transform under a longitudinal Lorentz boost. We also explicitly demonstrate that, in the infinite-momentum frame, these distributions allow one to recover not only the ``good'' but also the ``bad'' components of the light-front energy-momentum tensor distributions.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
21. 21*

    Mass spectroscopy of charmonium using a screened potential

    Sreelakshmi M🇮🇳 · Akhilesh Ranjan🇮🇳

    In this work, we estimate the mass spectra and decay properties of charmonium ($c\bar{c}$) using a non-relativistic potential model. We employ a potential model incorporating a Coulomb like term, representing one gluon exchange at short distances, and a screening term representing quark confinement at long distances. Spin-dependent corrections are also added perturbatively. Our results are compared with available experimental data and some other theoretical models. Based on this, we have made some comments on interquark potential.

    hep-phInt.J.Theor.Phys.(2025)·3 citations
22. 22*

    Hardware acceleration for next-to-leading order event generation within MadGraph5_aMC@NLO

    Zenny Wettersten🇨🇭 · Olivier Mattelaer🇧🇪 · Stefan Roiser🇨🇭 · Andrea Valassi🇨🇭 · Marco Zaro🇮🇹

    As the quality of experimental measurements increases, so does the need for Monte Carlo-generated simulated events - both with respect to the total amount and to their precision. In perturbative methods, this involves the evaluation of higher order corrections to the leading order (LO) scattering amplitudes, including real emissions and loop corrections. Although experimental uncertainties today are larger than those of simulations, at the High Luminosity LHC experimental precision is expected to be above the theoretical one for events generated below next-to-leading order (NLO) precision. As forecasted hardware resources will not meet CPU requirements for these simulation needs, speeding up NLO event generation is a necessity. In recent years, collaborators across Europe and the United States have been working on CPU vectorisation of LO event generation within the MadGraph5_aMC@NLO framework, as well as porting it to GPUs, to major success. Recently, development has also started on vectorising NLO event generation. Due to the more complicated nature of NLO amplitudes this development faces several difficulties not accounted for in the LO development, but it shows promise. Here, we present these issues as well as the current status of our event-parallel NLO implementation.

    hep-phphysics.comp-phEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·7 citations
23. 23*

    $\nu$ limits from Super-Kamiokande on dark matter-electron scattering in the Sun

    Dhashin Krishna🇮🇳 · Rinchen Sherpa🇮🇳 · Akash Kumar Saha🇮🇳 · Tarak Nath Maity🇦🇺 · Ranjan Laha🇮🇳 · Nirmal Raj🇮🇳

    Particle dark matter scattering on electrons in the Sun may gravitationally capture and self-annihilate inside it to neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, or other final states that in turn decay to them. Using up-to-date measurements by Super-Kamiokande of the fluxes of atmospheric electron-type and muon-type neutrinos, we set the most stringent limits on the electron scattering cross sections of dark matter down to about $10^{-40}-10^{-39}$ cm${}^2$ over a mass range of 4$-$200 GeV. These outdo direct searches for dark matter-electron scattering and previously set limits at IceCube. We also derive corresponding reaches at Hyper-K, and show that atmospheric neutrino observations restricted to the direction of the Sun can improve sensitivities.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-ex10 citations
24. 24*

    Direct Detection of Ultralight Dark Matter via Charged Lepton Flavor Violation

    Innes Bigaran🇺🇸 · Patrick J. Fox🇺🇸 · Yann Gouttenoire🇮🇱 · Roni Harnik🇺🇸 · Gordan Krnjaic🇺🇸 · Tony Menzo🇺🇸 · Jure Zupan🇺🇸

    We propose a dark matter direct-detection strategy using charged particle decays at accelerator-based experiments. If ultralight $(m_{\varphi }\ll \text{eV})$ dark matter has a misalignment abundance, its local field oscillates in time at a frequency set by its mass. If it also couples to flavor-changing neutral currents, rare exotic decays such as $\mu \to e{\varphi }^{\prime }$ and $\tau \to e(\mu ){\varphi }^{\prime }$ inherit this modulation. Focusing on such charged lepton flavor-violating decays, we show that sufficient event samples can enable detection of ultralight dark matter candidates at Mu3e, Belle-II, and FCC-ee.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2026)·11 citations
25. 25*

    Analytic results for electroweak precision observables at NLO in SMEFT

    Anke Biekötter🇩🇪 · Benjamin D. Pecjak🇬🇧

    We present analytic results for electroweak precision observables (EWPO) at next-to-leading order (NLO) in dimension-six SMEFT, with no assumptions on the flavour structure of SMEFT Wilson coefficients. The results are given in five different electroweak input schemes, thus offering a simple means, along with scale variations, of estimating theory uncertainties related to higher-order terms in the SMEFT expansion. Our results will be useful to assess the constraining power of existing and future lepton colliders for new physics scenarios.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·21 citations
26. 26*

    Uncertainty Quantification From Scaling Laws in Deep Neural Networks

    Ibrahim Elsharkawy🇺🇸 · Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Benjamin Hooberman

    Quantifying the uncertainty from machine learning analyses is critical to their use in the physical sciences. In this work we focus on uncertainty inherited from the initialization distribution of neural networks. We compute the mean ${\mu }_{\mathcal{L}}$ and variance ${\sigma }_{\mathcal{L}}^2$ of the test loss $\mathcal{L}$ for an ensemble of multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) with neural tangent kernel (NTK) initialization in the infinite-width limit, and compare empirically to the results from finite-width networks for three example tasks: MNIST classification, CIFAR classification and calorimeter energy regression. We observe scaling laws as a function of training set size $N_{\mathcal{D}}$ for both ${\mu }_{\mathcal{L}}$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathcal{L}}$, but find that the coefficient of variation ${ϵ}_{\mathcal{L}}\equiv {\sigma }_{\mathcal{L}}/{\mu }_{\mathcal{L}}$ becomes independent of $N_{\mathcal{D}}$ at both infinite and finite width for sufficiently large $N_{\mathcal{D}}$. This implies that the coefficient of variation of a finite-width network may be approximated by its infinite-width value, and may in principle be calculable using finite-width perturbation theory.

    ↳ cs.LGcs.AIhep-exhep-ph+1Mach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·1 citation
27. 27*

    Neutrino Oscillations in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers

    Lucas Johns🇺🇸 · Sherwood Richers🇺🇸 · Meng-Ru Wu🇹🇼

    Accurate neutrino transport is crucial for reliably modeling explosive astrophysical events like core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and neutron star mergers (NSMs). However, in these extremely neutrino-dense systems, flavor oscillations exhibit challenging nonlinear effects rooted in neutrino-neutrino forward scattering. Evidence is quickly accumulating that these collective phenomena can substantially affect explosion dynamics, neutrino and gravitational-wave signals, nucleosynthesis, and kilonova light curves. We review the progress made so far on the difficult and conceptually deep question of how to correctly include this physics in simulations of CCSNe and NSMs. Our aim is to take a broad view of where the problem stands, and so provide a critical assessment of where it is headed.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAnn.Rev.Nucl.Part.Sci.(2025)·78 citations
28. 28*

    Revisiting interpolating flows in $(1+1)$ hydrodynamics

    Aritra Banerjee🇮🇳 · Abir Ghosh🇮🇳

    We revisit the general analytic solution space for relativistic $(1+1)$-dimensional hydrodynamics for a perfect fluid flowing along the longitudinal direction. We work out the explicit one-parameter family of interpolating flows between boost-invariant and boost-non-invariant regimes, where a direct and simple dialing of the parameter at the level of solutions is possible. We also discuss the construction of generalised rapidity distribution of entropy for such interpolating flows at the level of potentials.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·0 citations
29. 29*

    The history of the Arcetri Physics Institute from the 1920s to the end of the 1960s

    Daniele Dominici

    The history of the Arcetri Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is analyzed from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1960s. Thanks to the arrival of Garbasso in 1913, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, but also hosted brilliant young physicists such as Rita Brunetti, Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti in the '20s and Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah in the '30s, engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and Cosmic Rays. This internationally renowned Arcetri School dissolved in the late 1930s mainly for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other Italian or foreign universities. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the fields of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as theoretical physics is concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods, these studies enjoyed a new expansion in the sixties thanks to the arrival of Raoul Gatto who created in Arcetri the first Italian school of theoretical physics.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phhep-th0 citations
30. 30*

    Is MOND necessarily nonlinear?

    Mordehai Milgrom🇮🇱

    The iconic, deep-MOND-limit (DML) relation between acceleration and mass, $a\sim (M{\mathcal{A}}_0{)}^{1/2}/r$, implies that, in MOND, accelerations cannot be linear in the mass distribution (${\mathcal{A}}_0\equiv G{a}_0$ is the DML constant, and $a_0$ the MOND acceleration). This leads to important idiosyncracies of MOND, such as a breakdown of the strong equivalence principle, and the resulting ``external-field effect''. I show that the DML axioms are, in themselves, consistent with a, possibly unique, nonrelativistic, action-based, linear formulation of the DML. This model suffers from important drawbacks, which may make it unacceptable as a basis for a full-fledged MOND theory. The model is unique among MOND theories propounded to date not only in being linear -- hence not exhibiting an external-field effect, for example -- but in constituting a modification of both Newtonian inertia and Newtonian gravity. This linear and time-local model inspires and begets several, one-parameter families of models. One family employs nonlinear, time-nonlocal kinetic terms, but still linear gravitational-field equations. Other families generalize the DMLs of AQUAL and QUMOND, modifying gravity as well as inertia. All families employ fractional time derivatives and possibly fractional Laplacians. At present, I cannot base some acceptable MOND theory on these models -- for example, I cannot offer a sensible umbrella theory that interpolates between these DML models and Newtonian dynamics. They are, however, quite useful in elucidating various matter-of-principle aspects of MOND; e.g., they help to understand which predictions follow from only the basic tenets of MOND -- so-called primary predictions -- and which are secondary, i.e., theory dependent. The models may also show the way to a wider class of MOND theories. (Abridged.)

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
31. 31*

    Searching for Exotic Interactions between Antimatter

    Lei Cong🇩🇪 · Filip Ficek🇦🇹 · Pavel Fadeev🇩🇪 · Yevgeny V. Stadnik🇦🇺 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪

    We show that atomic antimatter spectroscopy can be used to search for new bosons that carry spin-dependent exotic forces between antifermions. A comparison of a recent precise measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the $1$S and $2$S electronic levels of antihydrogen and bound-state quantum electrodynamics theory yields the first tests of positron-antiproton exotic interactions, constraining the dimensionless coupling strengths $g_p{g}_p$, $g_V{g}_V$ and $g_A{g}_A$, corresponding to the exchange of a pseudoscalar (axionlike), vector, or axial-vector boson, respectively. We also discuss new tests of CPT invariance with exotic spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions involving antimatter.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-ph6 citations
32. 32*

    Exploring $\Delta$-resonance in neutron stars: implications from astrophysical and nuclear observations

    Vishal Parmar🇮🇹 · Vivek Baruah Thapa🇮🇳 · Monika Sinha🇮🇳 · Ignazio Bombaci🇮🇹

    This study presents the first comprehensive Bayesian inference of neutron star matter, incorporating $\Delta$-resonances alongside hyperons and nucleons within a density-dependent relativistic hadron (DDRH) framework. Using constraints from nuclear saturation properties, chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT), NICER radius measurements, and tidal deformability data from GW170817, we systematically explore the impact of $\Delta$-resonances on the equation of state (EoS) of dense matter and neutron star observables. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of $\Delta$-baryons softens the EoS at low densities while maintaining sufficient stiffness at high densities to support $2M_{\odot }$ neutron stars. This naturally reconciles neutron star radius constraints with the recent observation of the low-mass compact object in HESS J1731-347 while simultaneously exhibiting excellent agreement with GW170817 tidal deformability constraints, reinforcing the astrophysical viability of $\Delta$-admixed neutron stars. Additionally, $\Delta$-resonances are found to populate the outer layers of the neutron star core, which may have implications for neutron star mergers and their cooling. Furthermore, we show that the presence of $\Delta$-baryons might significantly influence neutron star cooling via the direct Urca process. We also investigate quasi-normal $f$-mode oscillations within a fully general relativistic framework, revealing strong correlations between the $f$-mode frequency, neutron star compactness, and tidal deformability. With the inclusion of $\Delta$-resonances and adherence to astrophysical constraints, we obtain $f_{1.4}=1.97_{-0.22}^{+0.17}$ kHz and the damping time ${\tau }_{f_{1.4}}=0.19_{-0.03}^{+0.05}$ s at the $1\sigma$ confidence level.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
33. 33*

    Gaussian Process Regression as a Sustainable Data-driven Background Estimate Method at the (HL)-LHC

    Jackson Barr🇬🇧 · Bingxuan Liu🇨🇳

    In this article, we evaluate the performance of a data-driven background estimate method based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). A realistic background spectrum from a search conducted by CMS is considered, where a large sub-region below the trigger threshold is included. It is found that the $L_2$ regularisation can serve as a set of hyperparameters and control the overall modelling performance to satisfy common standards established by experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition, we show the robustness of this method against increasing luminosity via pseudo-experiments matching the expected luminosity at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). While traditional methods relying on empirical functions have been challenged during LHC Run 2 already, a GPR-based technique can offer a solution that is valid through the entire lifetime of the (HL)-LHC.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2025)·7 citations
34. 34*

    Holographic QCD Running Coupling for Heavy Quarks in Strong Magnetic Field

    Irina Ya. Aref'eva🇷🇺 · Ali Hajilou🇷🇺 · Alexander Nikolaev🇷🇺 · Pavel Slepov🇷🇺

    We investigate the influence of a magnetic field on the running coupling constant for a heavy-quark model in a bottom-up holographic approach. To achieve this, we employ a magnetized Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton background that captures the essential features of heavy quark dynamics. Similar to the light-quark model, the running coupling $\alpha$ for heavy quarks decreases in the presence of a strong external magnetic field at fixed temperature and chemical potential. The key distinction between the light and heavy quark models lies in the locations of their respective phase transitions. However, near the 1st order phase transitions, the behavior of $\alpha$ is analogous for both cases: $\alpha$ exhibits jumps that depend on temperature, chemical potential, and magnetic field strength.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2025)·7 citations
35. 35*

    Predicted Neutrino Signal Features of Core-Collapse Supernovae

    Lyla Choi🇺🇸 · Adam Burrows🇺🇸 · David Vartanyan🇺🇸

    In this paper, we examine the neutrino signals from 24 initially non-rotating, three-dimensional core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations carried to late times. We find that not only does the neutrino luminosity signal encode information about each stage of the CCSN process, but that the monotonic dependence of the luminosity peak height with compactness enables one to infer the progenitor core structure from the neutrino signal. We highlight a systematic relationship between the luminosity peak height with its timing. Additionally, we emphasize that the total energy radiated in neutrinos is monotonic with progenitor compactness, and that the mean neutrino energy contains a unique spiral SASI signature for nonexploding, BH-forming models. We also find that neutrino emissions are not isotropic and that the anisotropy increases roughly with progenitor compactness. To assess the detectability of these neutrino signal features, we provide examples of the event rates for our models for the JUNO, DUNE, SK, and IceCube detectors using the SNEWPY software, and find that many of the trends in the luminosity signal can be detectable across several detectors and oscillation models. Finally, we discuss correlations between the radiated neutrino energy and the evolution of the gravitational-wave f-mode.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phPRD(2025)·18 citations
36. 36*

    Heavy-flavored meson spectrum under the action of external magnetic field

    Bing-Rui Ma🇨🇳 · Hao Chen🇨🇳 · Cheng-Qun Pang🇨🇳

    In this paper, the Schrödinger equation in a magnetic field is utilized to study the effect of the magnetic field on $B$ mesons. The mass spetrum of $B$ mesons are numerically calculated for different magnetic field strengths by solving the Schrödinger equation under the non-relativistic Cornell potential model, incorporating the Zeeman effect and the harmonic oscillator basis vector expansion method. The external magnetic field is assumed to be sufficiently strong in the calculations, so that the spin-orbit interaction energies can be omitted in comparison with the energies induced by the field. The Zeeman term in the Schrödinger equation is taken to be $\frac{e{B}_s}{2m_{e}c}(m\pm 1)$ where $m=0,\pm 1$. The results demonstrate Zeeman splitting of energy levels in the external magnetic field.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-ph0 citations
37. 37*

    Deciphering the Sources of Cosmic Neutrinos

    Kathrine Mørch Groth🇩🇰 · Markus Ahlers🇩🇰

    More than a decade ago, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory discovered a diffuse flux of 10 TeV-10 PeV neutrinos from our Universe. This flux of unknown origin most likely emanates from an extragalactic population of neutrino sources, which are individually too faint to appear as bright emitters. We review constraints on extragalactic neutrino source populations based on the non-detection of the brightest neutrino source. Extending previous work, we discuss limitations of source populations based on general neutrino luminosity functions. Our method provides more conservative but also statistically more robust predictions for the expected number of observable sources. We also show that the combined search of the brightest neutrino sources via weighted stacking searches or the analysis of non-Poissonian fluctuations in event-count histograms can improve the discovery potential by a factor of 2-3 relative to the brightest source.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
38. 38*

    $T_c$, Photoproduction, Paramagnetic Anisotropic Plasma, IR Log-Gravitational-DBI Renormalization and $G_2$-Structure Induced (Almost) Contact 3-Structures in Hot Strongly Magnetic MQCD at Intermediate Coupling

    Shivam Singh Kushwah🇮🇳 · Aalok Misra🇮🇳

    After obtaining the flavor $D6$-brane gauge fields/their fluctuations in the type IIA dual of T>T_c QCD-like theories at intermediate coupling (via the $\mathcal{M}$-theory uplift's $\mathcal{O}(R^4)$ corrections) in the absence/presence of a strong magnetic field, we compute the photoproduction spectral function and get a nice agreement with gauged supergravity backgrounds arXiv:2204.00024 [hep-th]. We demonstrate from the EoS that the holographic dual, in principle, could correspond to several $T>T_c$ scenarios: anisotropic paramagnetic plasma transitioning via a smooth crossover to exotic matter as the universe cools, the stable wormhole, and a paramagnetic pressure/energy-anisotropic plasma. Given that $T>T_c$ QGP is expected to be paramagnetic, see Bali et al '14, the third possibility appears to be the preferred one. We also show that it is not possible that the anisotropic plasma leads to the formation of a compact star. IR renormalization of the DBI action requires a boundary Log-det-Ricci-tensor counter term. {\it Noting (i) photoproduction spectral function determined from gauge field fluctuations receiving $\mathcal{O}(R^4)$-corrections, if complexified, include a non-analytic-complexified gauge-coupling dependence, and correspond to Contact 3-Structures; (ii) pressure/energy density, etc. determined from world-volume gauge fields and not $\mathcal{O}(R^4)$-corrected, if complexified, are analytic in the complexified gauge coupling, and correspond to Almost Contact 3-Structures (AC3S) both induced from the $G_2$ structure of a closed seven-fold, we conjecture (i) the lack of $N$-path connectedness in the parameter space associated with AC3S and C3S arXiv:2211.13186[hep-th] to be equivalent to that gauge field fluctuations can not be finite, and (zero-instanton sector) $\mathcal{O}(R^4)$ non-renormalized gauge fields produce $\mathcal{O}(R^4)$-corrected gauge fluctuation; (ii) C3S--UV--> AC3S.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phFortsch.Phys.(2025)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.