HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Feb 25, 2025Tuesday·February 25, 2025

56 papers—45 primary·11 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Perturbative Corrections to Quark TMDPDFs in the Background-Field Method: Gauge Invariance, Equations of Motion, and Multiple Interactions
Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Vladimir V. Skokov🇺🇸 · Andrey Tarasov🇺🇸 · Shaswat Tiwari🇺🇸
We calculate the perturbative corrections in the strong coupling to the unpolarized quark transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF) operator within a background-field framework, extending the approach of Ref. [1]. We focus on ensuring gauge invariance, identifying two key components needed: a gauge-invariant TMDPDF operator with a transverse gauge link at spatial infinity, and accounting of the equations of motion (EoM) of the background fields. We go beyond next-to-leading order in strong coupling expansion, considering multiple interactions with the background field at all orders of strong coupling. By examining the interplay between quark and gluon contributions, we show that spurious singularities, proportional to EoM, can be misinterpreted as genuine divergences in QCD factorization unless properly identified and removed.
hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
02*
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in color superconducting quark matter
Virgil V. Baran🇷🇴 · Jens Paaske🇩🇰
The high-density region of the QCD phase diagram displays an intricate competition between color superconductivity and the QCD Kondo effect due to color exchange in quark matter containing a single heavy quark impurity. We explore the characteristic impurity-induced superconducting subgap states arising in such systems by generalizing the surrogate model solver, recently considered in the context of condensed matter physics [Phys. Rev. B 108, L220506 (2023)]. The method consists of approximating the full superconducting bulk by only a small number of effective levels whose parameters are chosen so as to best reproduce the Matsubara frequency dependence of the impurity-bulk hybridization function. We numerically solve a surrogate QCD Kondo model describing a quantum impurity color-exchange coupled to a two-color two-flavor superconducting bulk. The results directly indicate the presence of multiple phase transitions as the coupling of the impurity to the bulk is increased, due to the interplay between various overscreened states. The methods introduced here are straightforward enough to be extended to more realistic QCD scenarios.
hep-phcond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-connucl-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
03*
Flavor-changing axions and Dirac neutrino masses
Anirban Karan🇪🇸 · Julio Leite🇪🇸 · José W. F. Valle🇪🇸
Implementing the axion concept in the context of 3-3-1 extensions of the Standard Model (SM) leads to richer properties than in the simpler axion setups, and related to the Dirac neutrino seesaw mechanism. In this way the smallness of neutrino masses, the strong CP problem, the nature of dark matter and the number of families all have a common origin. Besides having an enhanced coupling to photons, our revamped axion can also be distinguished from DFSZ and KSVZ axions through its couplings to fermions. The latter lead to interesting phenomenological consequences, including flavor-changing axion-emitting two-body K, B and D meson decays.
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·4 citations
04*
Interpreting the $X (2370)$ and $X (2600)$ as light tetraquark states
Qi-Nan Wang🇨🇳 · Ding-Kun Lian🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳
Inspired by the states $X (2370)$ and $X (2600)$ reported by the BESIII Collaboration, we systematically investigate the mass spectra of light compact tetraquark states with configurations $u d u ˉ d ˉ$ , $u s u ˉ s ˉ$ , and $ss s ˉ s ˉ$ in the $J^{P C} = 0^{-+}$ and $2^{-+}$ channels using the QCD sum rules approach. To effectively describe these tetraquark states, we construct appropriate interpolating tetraquark currents featuring three Lorentz indices while avoiding derivative operators. Through meticulous calculations of correlation functions up to dimension 10 condensates, we extract the mass spectra for both $0^{-+}$ and $2^{-+}$ states by employing the projection operator technique. Our results indicate that the masses of light tetraquarks span $1.5 - 2.5 GeV$ for $0^{-+}$ states and $2.4 - 2.7 GeV$ for $2^{-+}$ states. Notably, our analysis suggests that the $X (2370)$ state could be interpreted as a $0^{-+}$ $u s u ˉ s ˉ$ or $ss s ˉ s ˉ$ tetraquark state, while the $X (2600)$ state is likely to be a $2^{-+}$ $u s u ˉ s ˉ$ tetraquark. These intriguing findings warrant further detailed investigation in future studies to better understand the nature of these states.
hep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
05*
Calculating the EFT likelihood via saddle-point expansion
Ji-Yuan Ke🇨🇳 · Yun Wang🇨🇳 · Ping He🇨🇳
In this paper, we extend the functional approach for calculating the EFT likelihood by applying the saddle-point expansion. We demonstrate that, after suitable reformulation, the likelihood expression is consistent with the path integral required to be computed in the theory of false vacuum decay. In contrast to the saddle-point approximation, the application of the saddle-point expansion necessitates more nuanced considerations, particularly concerning the treatment of the negative eigenvalues of the second derivative of the action at the saddle point. We illustrate that a similar issue arises in the likelihood calculation, which requires approximating the original integral contour through the combination of the steepest descent contours in the field space. As a concrete example, we focus on calculating the EFT likelihood under a Gaussian distribution and propose a general procedure for computing the likelihood using the saddle-point expansion method for arbitrary partition functions. Precise computation of the likelihood will benefit Bayesian forward modeling, thereby enabling more reliable theoretical predictions.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2025)·2 citations
06*
Realization of electroweak baryogenesis by fourth generation fermions
Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼
We demonstrate that the electroweak baryogenesis can be realized in the extended Standard Model with sequential fourth generation fermions (SM4). The solution to the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for the fermion and Higgs masses indicates that fourth generation quarks $t^{'}$ and $b^{'}$ with the Yukawa couplings above the threshold $g_{Q}^{c} \approx 9.1$ form condensates. This critical coupling, greater than the value $g_{Y}^{f} \approx 7$ at the ultraviolet fixed point of the renormalization-group evolution in the SM4, implies the existence of an electroweak symmetric phase at a high energy. The $t^{'}$ and $b^{'}$ Yukawa couplings evolve as the energy decreases, and exceed $g_{Q}^{c}$ at a lower scale. The Higgs potential with the dynamical symmetry breaking effect from heavy quark condensates plus the one-loop temperature-dependent correction from the heavy scalars formed by $t^{'}$ and $b^{'}$ quarks allow the first-order phase transition characterized by the ratio $ϕ_{c} / T_{c} \approx 0.9$ , where $ϕ_{c}$ is the location of the Higgs potential minimum at the critical temperature $T_{c}$ . Together with the baryon number violating sphaleron interaction inherent in the Standard Model and the enhanced $C P$ violation source from fourth generation quarks, the baryon asymmetry in the Universe can be achieved.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
07*
Neutrino Interactions in the SIS and DIS Regions: Current Insights and Future Challenges
M. Sajjad Athar🇮🇳
In this review, we discuss the current understanding of charged current (anti)neutrino scattering off nucleons and nuclear targets in the few-GeV energy range, a domain of paramount importance for accelerator and atmospheric neutrino experiments. We provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the experimental and theoretical landscape of neutrino interaction processes across the kinematic region of the shallow and deep inelastic scattering regimes. Moreover, we underscore the pressing unresolved questions and formidable challenges that lie ahead, stressing the urgent need for more refined theoretical models and high-precision measurements to deepen our understanding of neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus interaction cross sections.
hep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·2 citations
08*
$T$ , $P$ -odd electron-nucleon interaction via a Higgs-boson exchange at the quark-gluon level
D. V. Chubukov🇷🇺 · I. A. Aleksandrov🇷🇺
The electron pseudoscalar -- nucleon scalar $T$ ,~ $P$ -odd interaction within the framework of the Standard Model is considered as an exchange mediated by the Higgs boson at the quark-gluon level. $C P$ violation is introduced through a phase factor in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, which characterizes the flavor structure of the quark loop. We explicitly demonstrate that the total three-loop contribution vanishes for the Higgs boson exchange mechanism. A nonzero contribution appears at the four-loop quark-gluon level only with the insertion of an additional gluon line between the quarks. The estimate of the $C P$ -odd electron-nucleon interaction coupling constant after reduction of divergencies of the quark loop integral using the Glashow-Iliopoulos-Maiani (GIM) mechanism yields a value $\sim 1 0^{- 28}$ . The final result, expressed in terms of the equivalent electron electric dipole moment ( $e$ EDM), is $1 0^{- 48} e cm$ , and its order of magnitude coincides with that of the GIM estimate of the $e$ EDM at the quark-gluon level. Our parametric estimate of the $e$ EDM differs from previous studies by a factor that depends on the mass of the $b$ quark.
hep-phphysics.atom-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
09*
Influence of dark matter on the structure of strange quark stars in one-fluid model
J. Sedaghat🇮🇷 · G. H. Bordbar🇮🇷 · M. Haghighat🇮🇷 · S. M. Zebarjad🇮🇷
This work studies the influence of scalar dark matter on the structural properties of strange quark stars (SQS) within a one-fluid framework, considering Yukawa interactions between dark matter and quark matter. Contributions from perturbative QCD, Yukawa interaction between scalar dark matter and quarks, and Bose-Einstein condensation of dark matter are included in the model. We first determine the allowable range of Yukawa interaction coupling by imposing the stability condition for strange quark matter (SQM). Using this range, we derive the equation of state (EOS) for different fractions of dark matter within the total pressure of SQS. These fractions are constrained by the tidal deformability limit from GW170817. The presence of dark matter alters the EOS, leading to changes in the mass-radius relationship, tidal deformability, and stability of SQS. We demonstrate that increasing the mass of dark matter softens the EOS, whereas higher fractions of dark matter lead to stiffer EOSs. We also explore the reasons behind this behavior. Our EOSs not only describe massive objects, such as PSR J0952-0607 and PSR J2215+5135, but also satisfy the tidal deformability constraint from GW170817. These results reveal that incorporating dark matter modifies the EOS, enabling the support of higher stellar masses while maintaining consistency with observational data.
hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-thEPJC(2025)·6 citations
10*
Ultra fast, event-by-event heavy-ion simulations for next generation experiments
Manjunath Omana Kuttan🇩🇪 · Kai Zhou🇨🇳 · Jan Steinheimer🇩🇪 · Horst Stoecker🇩🇪
We present a novel deep generative framework that uses probabilistic diffusion models for ultra fast, event-by-event simulations of heavy-ion collision output. This new framework is trained on UrQMD cascade data to generate a full collision event output containing 26 distinct hadron species. The output is represented as a point cloud, where each point is defined by a particle's momentum vector and its corresponding species information (ID). Our architecture integrates a normalizing flow-based condition generator that encodes global event features into a latent vector, and a diffusion model that synthesizes a point cloud of particles based on this condition. A detailed description of the model and an in-depth analysis of its performance is provided. The conditional point cloud diffusion model learns to generate realistic output particles of collision events which successfully reproduce the UrQMD distributions for multiplicity, momentum and rapidity of each hadron type. The flexible point cloud representation of the event output preserves full event-level granularity, enabling direct application to inverse problems and parameter estimation tasks while also making it easily adaptable for accelerating any event-by-event model calculation or detector simulation.
hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRC(2025)·6 citations
11*
Fluctuating Lattice, Several Energy Scales
Holger Bech Nielsen🇩🇰
In part I: We find a series physical scales such as 1) Planck scale, 2) Minimal approximate grand unification SU(5), 3) the mass scale of the see saw model right handed or Majorana neutrinoes, some invented scale with many scalar bosons, etc., and get the logarithms of these energy scales fitted by a quantity q related to the dimensions of to thescales related dimensionalities of coefficients in Lagrangian densities,or some generalization of this q to something similar in the variouscases of the scales. The logarithm of the energies behave as a straight line versus the dimension related number q. This is being explained by an ontologically existing lattice, which fluctuates in lattice canstant a from place to place in space time or more precisely, it fluctuates quantum mechanically. In Part II: We find a fitting of the three fine structure constantsin the Standard Model by means of a no-susy and SU(5)-like - but only accurately SU(5) symmetric in the classical approximation - by means of three other parameters for each of which, however, we have speculative predictions: Quantum corrections due to the lattice whichare three times as large as naive quantum corrections, because the lattice is supposed to lie in layers, one layer for each fermion-family; criticallity of the unified coupling, using the satnadrd model group S(U (2) x U (3)); the unification scale is fitted inot the scale-system of part I
hep-phhep-lathep-th2 citations
12*
Superconducting Cloud Chamber
Bo Gao🇨🇳 · Jie Sheng🇨🇳 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇯🇵
We propose a new particle-trajectory detector composed of Josephson junctions, named the superconducting cloud chamber. By measuring the quantum phase difference, this device can detect charged particles with extremely low kinetic energy, providing a new method for detecting slow-moving particles. It can also be utilized to detect millicharged dark matter particles thermalized with the Earth's environment within the mass range of $1 0^{3} \sim 1 0^{10}$ GeV.
hep-phquant-phPRL(2026)·8 citations
13*
Dark Matter from quasi-de Sitter Horizons
Stefano Profumo🇺🇸
Assuming that (1) the universe underwent a post-inflationary accelerated expansion phase driven by a fluid with equation of state $P = w ρ$ and $- 1 < w < - 1/3$ , that (2) the cosmic horizon in an accelerating, quasi-de Sitter universe has a temperature inversely proportional to the proper size of the horizon, and that (3) we are static observers, we calculate the frozen-in density of a stable particle of mass $m$ produced by the cosmic horizon that does not undergo any number-changing processes in the late universe. We find that, as a function of the equation of state and the temperature when radiation domination starts and the quasi-de Sitter phase ends, the mass of the dark matter producing the observed cosmological abundance via this mechanism ranges from 10 keV up to close to the Planck scale.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
14*
Dark Baryon Black Holes
Stefano Profumo🇺🇸
We explore a novel mechanism for dark matter production through the formation of light black holes from the collapse of dark baryons in confining SU(N) gauge theories in the large $N$ limit. While glueballs and mesons cannot form black holes under physically reasonable conditions, we prove that for appropriate ranges of the confinement scale, quark masses, number of colors $N$ , and dark sector temperature, dark baryons can produce Planck-scale black hole relics in the early universe. Assuming the relics are stable, the abundance of both the dark baryon black hole population directly arising at confinement and that frozen in from dark glueball and meson pair annihilation are exponentially suppressed in $N$ , leading to an upper limit $N ≲ 100$ and of a few hundreds Planck units in mass for models where the black hole relics are the entirety of the dark matter. We present a detailed numerical study of the parameter space where this scenario is realized.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2025)·7 citations
15*
Production of $S$ -wave charmonia in the soft gluon resummation approach using the NRQCD
Vladimir Saleev🇷🇺 · Kirill Shilyaev🇷🇺
In this article, we study the $S -$ wave charmonium production at the small transverse momenta in the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton model (PM), as it is formulated in the soft gluon resummation (SGR) approach , using the nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics (NRQCD) as the model of the heavy quarkonium hadronization. To extend the scope of the calculation to the phenomenologically important region of intermediate transverse momenta, we use the inverse-error weighting (InEW) matching scheme to combine the TMD PM predictions with the results of the collinear PM (CPM) fixed-order calculations, which are applicable at the large transverse momenta. We predict the direct $η_{c}$ and the prompt $J / ψ$ production cross sections and transverse momentum spectra in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, RHIC, AFTER and NICA energies. Predictions for the polarized $J / ψ$ production processes are also presented.
hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2025)·4 citations
16*
The strong coupling constants of doubly heavy baryons with heavy mesons
Xiao-Hui Hu🇨🇳 · Quan-Yu Zhou🇨🇳 · Ye Xing🇨🇳 · Yu-Ji Shi🇨🇳
In the experiment, only one doubly charmed baryon $Ξ_{cc}^{++}$ was successfully identified. The LHCb collaboration is poised to discover other doubly heavy baryon, $Ξ_{cc}^{+}$ and $Ξ_{b c}^{+}$ , necessitating a comprehensive study of doubly heavy baryons from various perspectives. Such investigations will elucidate the properties of the newly discovered states and facilitate the search for other doubly heavy baryons as predicted in quark model. In this paper, we explore the strong coupling between the doubly heavy baryon, singly heavy baryon, and heavy meson, $B_{Q Q^{'}} B_{Q} M_{Q^{'}}$ , using the light cone QCD sum rules approach. We analytically and numerically calculate the strong coupling, $B_{Q Q^{'}} B_{Q} M_{Q^{'}}$ , utilizing the light-cone distribution amplitudes of the singly heavy baryon $B_{Q}$ . The numerical predictions for these strong couplings are provided, along with the error analysis. Our theoretical findings can be employed to examine the strong and weak decay dynamics of doubly heavy baryons. Furthermore, our results may offer experimentalists a valuable tool for analyzing data on the strong coupling constants among hadronic multiplets.
hep-phEPJC(2025)·2 citations
17*
Limiting fragmentation in the dilute Glasma
Andreas Ipp🇦🇹 · Markus Leuthner🇦🇹 · David I. Müller🇦🇹 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪 · Kayran Schmidt🇦🇹 · Pragya Singh🇫🇮
We discuss the local longitudinal scaling behavior of the dilute Glasma. We gain insight into how the fragmentation region is dominated by the longitudinal structure of one of the two colliding nuclei in heavy-ion collisions and study the effect of the correlation scales of the nuclear color charge distributions. We compare with results from the full dilute Glasma framework and analyze the rapidity limits of the fragmentation region. From our findings, it follows that all scalar observables that can be constructed out of the dilute Glasma field strength tensor show limiting fragmentation behavior and the field strength tensor itself transforms locally via Lorentz boosts when changing the collision energy.
hep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·1 citation
18*
Charged particle multiplicity in pp-collisions from the dilute Glasma
Andreas Ipp🇦🇹 · Markus Leuthner🇦🇹 · David I. Müller🇦🇹 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪 · Kayran Schmidt🇦🇹 · Pragya Singh🇫🇮
Proton-proton collisions are studied in the dilute Glasma framework. Compared to experimental multiplicity distributions, the dilute Glasma underestimates large multiplicity events. We show how event-by-event fluctuations of the saturation momentum Qs can help repair the multiplicity distribution. Furthermore, we discuss a hot spot model for protons and also find improvements in the multiplicity histograms.
hep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
19*
Imprints of an early matter-dominated era arising from dark matter dilution mechanism on cosmic string dynamics and gravitational wave signatures
Shi-Qi Ling🇨🇳 · Zhao-Huan Yu🇨🇳
We investigate the influence of an early matter-dominated era in cosmic history on the dynamics of cosmic strings and the resulting stochastic gravitational waves. Specifically, we examine the case where this era originates from the dark matter dilution mechanism within the framework of the minimal left-right symmetric model. By numerically solving the Boltzmann equations governing the energy densities of the relevant components, we meticulously analyze the modifications to the cosmological scale factor, the number density of cosmic string loops, and the gravitational wave spectrum. Our results reveal that the early matter-dominated era causes a characteristic suppression in the high-frequency regime of the gravitational wave spectrum, providing distinct and testable signatures for future ground-based interferometer experiments.
hep-phastro-ph.COCPC(2025)·1 citation
20*
Stellar Light Scattering as a Probe for a Braneworld-Induced Baryogenesis Scenario
Michaël Sarrazin🇫🇷
A recent baryogenesis scenario [Phys. Rev. D 110, 023520 (2024)], rooted in a two-brane Universe model, proposed a solution to the matter-antimatter asymmetry through the dynamics of a new pseudo-scalar field. In the present paper, one investigates the phenomenological consequences of this proposal. One shows that the associated boson could persist as a relic from the early Universe, forming a subdominant component of dark matter. While its overall cosmological density is small ( $\approx 0.2%$ ), one demonstrates that a one-loop process facilitates an ultra-weak coupling to photons, leading to a distinctive scattering signature. One argues that this effect could produce a faint, glowing halo around massive, hot stars, characterized by a unique spectral decay. Detecting or constraining this elusive light with current and future instruments like the JWST would provide a powerful and direct observational test of the underlying braneworld dynamics and its connection to baryogenesis.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thEPJC(2025)·0 citations
21*
Proton spin from small- $x$ with constraints from the valence quark model
Daniel Adamiak🇺🇸 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Yossathorn Tawabutr🇫🇮
We apply the valence quark model recently calculated for polarized proton to constrain the non-perturbative initial condition for the small- $x$ helicity evolution. The remaining free parameters are constrained by performing a global analysis to the available polarized small- $x$ deep inelastic scattering data. A good description of the world data is obtained with only 8 free parameters. The model parameters are tightly constrained by the data, allowing us to predict the proton polarized structure function $g_{1}^{p}$ to be negative at small $x$ . Furthermore, we obtain the small- $x$ quark and gluon spins to give a contribution $\int_{1 0^{- 5}}^{0.1} d x (\frac{1}{2} ΔΣ + Δ G) = 0.76 \pm 0.13$ or $1.70 \pm 0.20$ to the proton spin, depending on the applied running coupling prescription.
hep-phnucl-thPLB(2025)·4 citations
22*
Probing a Quarkophobic $W^{'}$ at the High-Luminosity LHC via Vector Boson Fusion and Lorentz-Equivariant Point Cloud Learning
U. S. Qureshi🇺🇸 · A. Gurrola🇺🇸 · J. D. Ruiz-Álvarez🇨🇴
The addition of a heavy charged vector gauge boson $W^{'}$ to the Standard Model (SM) with negligible quark couplings ("quarkophobic") and triple gauge couplings can address issues with the SM, such as the B-meson anomalies and recent discrepancies in the W boson mass measurements. We present a phenomenology study probing $W^{'}$ production through weak boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We operate under a simplified model with a large $W^{'}$ decay width and consider final states with two jets, large missing transverse momentum, and one light lepton. Notably, we use point cloud learning for the first time in a BSM search $—$ specifically, a novel Lorentz-Equivariant Geometric Algebra Transformer $—$ providing significant improvement in signal sensitivity compared to traditional methods.
hep-ph1 citation
23*
Quantum Phase Space Symmetry and Sterile Neutrinos
Ravo Tokiniaina Ranaivoson🇲🇬 · Raoelina Andriambololona🇲🇬 · Hanitriarivo Rakotoson🇲🇬 · Roland Raboanary🇲🇬 · Joël Rajaobelison🇲🇬 · Philippe Manjakasoa Randriantsoa🇲🇬
On one hand, the concept of Quantum Phase Space which is compatible with the uncertainty principle has been considered recently. It has also been shown that a natural symmetry that can be associated with this quantum phase space is the symmetry corresponding to Linear Canonical Transformations (LCTs). On the other hand, sterile neutrinos are hypothetical particles that are expected to be important for the understanding of physics beyond the current standard model of particle physics. The existence of these particles are suggested both from theoretical and experimental sides. In this work, the objective is to discuss about the symmetry of quantum phase space corresponding to the LCT group and its relation to the possible existence of sterile neutrinos. It is shown that the spin representation of the LCT group associated to the quantum phase, for a signature (1, 4), suggests the existence of sterile neutrinos and lead to a new way for describing them. The mathematical formalism developed in this work provides a new framework for the study of neutrinos physics.
hep-phhep-thquant-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2025)·5 citations
24*
Mechanical properties of proton using flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors
Zeinab Dehghan🇮🇷 · F. Almaksusi🇮🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷
We investigate the mechanical properties of the proton by extracting its flavor-decomposed gravitational form factors (GFFs) using Light-Cone QCD sum rules (LCSR). These form factors encode critical information about the internal dynamics and spatial distribution of energy, momentum, and internal forces within the proton. The flavor decomposition of the quark sector indicates the role of each flavor in the proton's pressure and shear force distributions. Our results show that the up quark contributes more significantly compared to the down quark in the three conserved proton GFFs, as well as in the energy and shear force distributions. Additionally, we define the non-conserved form factor $c ˉ^{q} (t)$ , which takes part in the distributions of energy and pressure; the latter is essential for maintaining proton stability. Furthermore, we determine the proton's mass and mechanical radii, providing valuable insight into its internal structure and dynamics.
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thJHEP(2025)·29 citations
25*
Spin and flavor oscillations of neutrinos in gravitational fields
Maxim Dvornikov (IZMIRAN)🇷🇺
We summarize our recent achievements in the description of neutrino oscillations in various gravitational fields. After the short review of the previous studies of neutrinos in gravitational fields, we consider the neutrinos propagation and oscillations in two gravitational backgrounds. First, we discuss neutrino spin oscillations in their gravitational scattering off a supermassive black hole surrounded by a thick magnetized accretion disk. Second, we study neutrino flavor oscillations in stochastic gravitational waves. We also consider applications of the obtained results for oscillations of astrophysical neutrinos.
hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2024)·0 citations
26*
The exclusive production of a fully heavy tetraquark and a photon in electron-positron collision
Xiao Liang🇨🇳 · Jun Jiang🇨🇳 · Shi-Yuan Li🇨🇳 · Yan-Rui Liu🇨🇳 · Zong-Guo Si🇨🇳
The exclusive production of fully heavy tetraquark ( $T (bb b ˉ b ˉ)$ , $T (cc c ˉ c ˉ)$ and $T (b c b ˉ c ˉ)$ ) in association with a hard photon in electron-positron collisions is calculated within the framework of non-relativistic QCD. Both inner structures of molecule-like state and compact state with $J = 0, 1, 2$ for the fully heavy tetraquark are discussed. We find that it is dismal to observe any fully heavy tetraquarks in either the compact configuration or the molecule-like configuration through such exclusive processes at either Belle II or future Z factories like CEPC and FCC-ee.
hep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
27*
The charmonium-like exotic hadron productions in $e^{+} e^{-}$ collisions at the BESIII energy with the PACIAE model
Jian Cao🇨🇳 · Wen-Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Lei She🇨🇳 · An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Jin-Peng Zhang🇨🇳 · Hua Zheng🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Zhong-Qi Wang🇨🇳 · Ben-Hao Sa🇨🇳
Inspired by the BESIII observation of exotic hadron $G$ (3900) in $e^{+} e^{-} \to D D ˉ$ process [PRL 133(2024)081901], we use the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE to simulate the productions of charmonium-like exotic hadrons including $X (3872)$ , $Z_{c} (3900)^{0}$ and $G (3900)$ in the $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilations at $s$ =4.95 GeV. The charmonium-like candidates are recombined by Dynamically Constrained Phase-space Coalescence model using component mesons $D D ˉ$ (for $G (3900)$ ) or $D D ˉ^{*} / D ˉ D^{*}$ (for $X (3872)$ , $Z_{c} (3900)^{0}$ and $G (3900)$ ) in the PACIAE simulated final hadronic state. We then calculate, for the first time, the charmonium-like candidate's orbital angular momentum quantum number in its rest frame and perform the spectral classification for each of the above candidates. For $G (3900)$ , as its $J^{P C}$ is $1^{--}$ , it is identified as the $P$ -wave $D D ˉ$ or $D D ˉ^{*} / D ˉ D^{*}$ state. Meanwhile, for $X (3872)$ and $Z_{c} (3900)^{0}$ , as their $J^{P C}$ s are, respectively, $1^{++}$ and $1^{+-}$ , they are identified as the $S$ -wave $D D ˉ^{*} / D ˉ D^{*}$ candidates. It is observed that the yield of the $P$ -wave $G (3900)$ composed of $D D ˉ^{*} / D ˉ D^{*}$ is significantly larger than that composed of $D D ˉ$ . Moreover, in the $D D ˉ^{*} / D ˉ D^{*}$ channel, the yield of the $P$ -wave $G (3900)$ is around three times as large as the yield of the $S$ -wave $Z_{c} (3900)^{0}$ , and it is around two orders of magnitude as large as the yield of the $S$ -wave $X (3872)$ . Finally, significant discrepancies are observed in the transverse momentum spectra and the rapidity distributions among the $X (3872)$ , $Z_{c} (3900)^{0}$ and $G (3900)$ states. These discrepancies are proposed as valuable criteria for identifying the different charmonium-like exotic hadrons from each other.
hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
28*
Revisiting $B_{s} \to P P$ and $P V$ Decays with Contributions from $ϕ_{B 2}$ with perturbativen QCD approach
Yueling Yang🇨🇳 · Zhao-Jie Lu🇨🇳 · Su-Ping Jin🇨🇳 · Junfeng Sun🇨🇳
The $B_{s} \to P P$ and $P V$ decay modes are revisited at leading order within the perturbative QCD approach, incorporating the $B_{s}$ mesonic wave function (WF) $ϕ_{B 2}$ . Here, $P$ represents the pseudoscalar mesons $π$ and $K$ , while $V$ denotes the ground-state vector mesons. The investigation incorporates two key refinements: the contribution of the sub-leading twist WF $ϕ_{B 2}$ of the $B_{s}$ meson and the effects of higher-order terms in the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the final-state mesons. Employing the minimum $χ^{2}$ method, we optimize the shape parameter $ω_{B_{s}}$ of the $B_{s}$ meson WF and systematically calculate the branching ratios and $C P$ violation parameters for these decay modes. Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of $ϕ_{B 2}$ significantly impacts both the branching ratios and $C P$ asymmetries, offer an improved agreement with existing experimental data for specific channels. This underscores the necessity of accounting for $ϕ_{B 2}$ in theoretical studies of $B_{s}$ weak decays. While the higher-order corrections in the final-state meson DAs yield comparatively smaller effects, they still enhance the theoretical predictions. These findings highlight the importance of refining both wave function modeling and higher-order contributions in pQCD calculations. Future high-precision experimental measurements will further test these predictions, while continued theoretical efforts are essential to explore additional interaction mechanisms and systematic uncertainties. The interplay between experimental advancements and theoretical improvements remains critical for a deeper understanding of $B_{s}$ meson decay dynamics.
hep-phEPJC(2025)·3 citations
29*
Thermoelectric effects of an interacting hadron gas in the presence of an external magnetic field
Kamaljeet Singh🇮🇳 · Kshitish Kumar Pradhan🇮🇳 · Dushmanta Sahu🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳
The hot and dense hadronic medium formed during the heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and Large Hadron Collider energies can show thermoelectric effects in the presence of temperature gradients and nonzero baryon chemical potential. In this article, we study the thermoelectric coefficients of an interacting hot and dense hadron gas using the relativistic Boltzmann transport equation under the relaxation time approximation. We discuss the thermoelectric properties within different frameworks of hardon resonance gas models. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the thermoelectric coefficients become anisotropic, which leads to Hall-like thermoelectric coefficients, namely Nernst coefficients, along with the magneto-Seebeck coefficients. For the first time, we also estimate the Thomson coefficient of the medium, which comes into the picture due to the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient of the medium. In the context of studying the thermoelectric generator performance, we calculate the values of the thermoelectric figure of merit of the medium.
hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2025)·9 citations
30*
Z boson production in proton-lead collisions: A study utilizing MRW nuclear TMDs
S. Rezaie🇮🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷
This paper investigates the production of Z bosons in proton-lead collisions at a center of mass energy of $s = 8.16$ TeV, utilizing various transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), including the leading order Martin-Ryskin-Watt (LO-MRW), next-to-leading order MRW (NLO-MRW), and parton branching (PB) approaches. By comparing theoretical predictions with experimental data from the CMS collaboration, we assess the performance of these TMD models across different kinematic regions. Our analysis reveals that while both LO-MRW and NLO-MRW models generally align well with experimental data, the LO-MRW model tends to overestimate in certain kinematic regions. The NLO-MRW model, with its strong ordering constraint, provides better agreement in these areas. This study highlights the impact of different impositions of angular and strong ordering constraints in the LO-MRW and NLO-MRW approaches in describing Z boson production.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2025)·4 citations
31*
Revisiting the line shape of $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η$ cross section
Chang-Man Gan🇨🇳 · Jun-Kang He🇨🇳 · Wen-Long Sang🇨🇳 · Min-Zhen Zhou🇨🇳
We calculate the cross sections for the processes $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η^{'}$ at various CM energies $s$ . We first predict these cross sections by combining NRQCD with LC factorization. The predicted cross sections are on the order of several femtobarns for $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η^{'}$ , and less than 1 fb for $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η$ , which are significantly smaller than the experimental measurements. It is anticipated that the cross sections are dominated by resonant contributions when $s$ is close to the resonance mass. In this study, we employ the Vector Meson Dominance (VMD) model to predict these resonant contributions. The effective coupling constants between the photon and the resonance, as well as between the resonance and $J / ψ η$ are extracted from the data either provided by the latest PDG or predicted by theoretical calculations. Taking the predictions from the factorization calculation as the continuum contribution, we predict the cross section of $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η$ through a coherent sum of contributions from various resonances and the continuum. The relative phase angles between these contributions are determined through a least- $χ^{2}$ fit to the experimental data. We then compare our theoretical predictions with the experimental data. Additionally, we find our theoretical prediction for the cross section of $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η$ is significantly larger than those for $e^{+} e^{-} \to \jpsi η^{'}$ measured by the BESIII collaboration.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·2 citations
32*
Thermoelectric and heavy quark transport coefficients of hot QCD matter in the presence of magnetic field
Debarshi Dey🇮🇳
The aim of this thesis is twofold: a) A comprehensive study of the thermoelectric response in QGP in the absence and presence of a background magnetic field, b) Exploring the dynamics of heavy quarks traversing in QGP in the presence of a weak background magnetic field. We have evaluated the strength of the thermoelectric response in QGP quantified by the Seebeck and Nernst coefficients, first in the absence of a background magnetic field, and then in the presence of a strong magnetic field. This is followed by the evaluation of the coefficients in the presence of a weak magnetic field. Each of the above-mentioned scenarios is investigated under the assumption that the QGP is isotropic. This assumption is then relaxed by using an anisotropic distribution for the quarks, and the calculations are repeated. The formalism adopted in the calculation of these coefficients is that of kinetic theory, particularly, the relativistic Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation. The other part of this thesis deals with heavy quark (HQ) dynamics in the QGP. HQs have been recognised as very good probes of the QGP owing to their large masses. We have calculated the HQ energy loss $d E / d x$ , longitudinal and transverse momentum diffusion coeffcients $κ L / T^{3}$ , and spatial diffusion coefficient $D_{s}$ , to leading order in the strong coupling $α$ , for both charm and bottom quarks. We consider Coulomb scattering of the HQ with thermal quarks and gluons to evaluate the scattering rate from which, all the aforementioned coefficients are obtained. We find that the values of $κ$ 's increase in the presence of a weak magnetic field (compared to the $B = 0$ case), and the anisotropy therein is also heightened in the presence of the magnetic field. $D_{s}$ is found to decrease in the presence of magnetic field, compared to its value at $B = 0$ .
hep-ph0 citations
33*
Five-point functions and the permutation group S5
Gernot Eichmann🇦🇹 · Raul D. Torres🇵🇹
Five-point functions and five-body wave functions play an important role in many areas of nuclear and particle physics, e.g., in 2 -> 3 scattering processes, in the five-gluon vertex, or in the study of pentaquarks. In this work we consider the permutation group S5 to facilitate the description of such objects. We work out the multiplets transforming under irreducible representations of S5 and provide compact formulas allowing one to cast the permutations of an object $f_{12345}$ into combinations with definite permutation symmetry. We also give the explicit expressions for the irreducible multiplet products. We consider several practical applications as examples: We arrange the four-momenta and Lorentz invariants of a five-point function into the multiplet structure, we work out the color tensors of the five-gluon vertex in the multiplet notation, and we discuss applications for five-body wave functions like those of pentaquarks.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·7 citations
34*
Studying Effects of Evolution on Charge Separation in Small Collision System with A MultiPhase Transport model
Yi Xu🇨🇳 · Chen Gao🇨🇳 · Shi-Xue Zhang🇨🇳 · Wei-Tian Deng🇨🇳
In relativistic high energy heavy-ion collisions, Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) could produce a charge separation in QGP. The charge separation could survive into final hadron system during evolution, observed as correlator $Δ γ$ . This physics procedure could also occurs in small collision system if CME emerge in the QGP droplet. In this paper, we study the effects of QGP droplet evolution on charge separation in small collision system, based on AMPT model. Our calculation indicates that, with given initial charge separation, the effects of parton level evolution and hadron level evolution weaken the charge separation indeed, but there is still enough signals could remained. Furthermore, we found that, the contribution of background to $Δ γ$ is negligible in small collision system. So, we propose the small collision system being a good place to confirm contribution of CME.
hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·2 citations
35*
1 Particle - 1 Qubit: Particle Physics Data Encoding for Quantum Machine Learning
Aritra Bal🇩🇪 · Markus Klute🇩🇪 · Benedikt Maier🇬🇧 · Melik Oughton🇬🇧 · Eric Pezone🇬🇧 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧
We introduce 1P1Q, a novel quantum data encoding scheme for high-energy physics (HEP), where each particle is assigned to an individual qubit, enabling direct representation of collision events without classical compression. We demonstrate the effectiveness of 1P1Q in quantum machine learning (QML) through two applications: a Quantum Autoencoder (QAE) for unsupervised anomaly detection and a Variational Quantum Circuit (VQC) for supervised classification of top quark jets. Our results show that the QAE successfully distinguishes signal jets from background QCD jets, achieving superior performance compared to a classical autoencoder while utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters. Similarly, the VQC achieves competitive classification performance, approaching state-of-the-art classical models despite its minimal computational complexity. Furthermore, we validate the QAE on real experimental data from the CMS detector, establishing the robustness of quantum algorithms in practical HEP applications. These results demonstrate that 1P1Q provides an effective and scalable quantum encoding strategy, offering new opportunities for applying quantum computing algorithms in collider data analysis.
hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
36*
Jet rates in Higgs boson decay at third order in QCD
Elliot Fox🇬🇧 · Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder🇨🇭 · Thomas Gehrmann🇨🇭 · Nigel Glover🇬🇧 · Matteo Marcoli🇬🇧 · Christian T. Preuss🇩🇪
We compute the production rates for two, three, four and five jets in the hadronic decay of a Higgs boson in its two dominant decay modes to bottom quarks and gluons to third order in the QCD coupling constant. The five-, four- and three-jet rates are obtained from a next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculation of Higgs decay to three jets, while the two-jet rate is inferred at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N $^{3}$ LO) from the inclusive decay rate. Our results show distinct differences in the dependence of the jet rates on the jet resolution parameter between the two decay modes, supporting the aim of discriminating different Higgs boson decay channels via classic QCD observables.
hep-phPRL(2025)·15 citations
37*
Improved precision in inverse beta decay cross section
Giulia Ricciardi🇮🇹 · Natascia Vignaroli🇮🇹 · Francesco Vissani🇮🇹
We analyze the cross section for inverse beta decay, focusing on the moderate energies (a few MeV to hundreds of MeV) relevant for reactor and supernova neutrinos. We discuss the updated evaluations of values and uncertainties in the cross section, and the effect of second-class currents. The estimate of theoretical precision is important for current and future experiments, when large data samples are or become available.
hep-phhep-exPoS(2025)·1 citation
38*
Playing with lepton asymmetry at the resonant production of sterile neutrino dark matter
Dmitry Gorbunov🇷🇺 · Dmitry Kalashnikov🇷🇺 · George Krugan🇷🇺
We examine the sterile neutrino dark matter production in the primordial plasma with lepton asymmetry unequally distributed over different neutrino flavors. We argue that with the specific flavor fractions, one can mitigate limits from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis on the sterile-active neutrino mixing angle and sterile neutrino mass. It happens due to cancellation of the neutrino flavor asymmetries in active neutrino oscillations, which is more efficient in the case of inverse hierarchy of active neutrino masses and does not depend on the value of CP-phase. This finding opens a window of lower sterile-active mixing angles. Likewise, we show that, with lepton asymmetry disappearing from the plasma at certain intermediate stages of the sterile neutrino production, the spectrum of produced neutrinos becomes much colder, which weakens the limits on the model parameter space from observations of cosmic small-scale structures (Ly- $α$ forest, galaxy counts, etc.). This finding reopens the region of lighter sterile neutrinos. The new region may be explored with the next generation of X-ray telescopes searching for the inherent peak signature provided by the dark matter sterile neutrino radiative decays in the Galaxy.
hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAPLB(2025)·7 citations
39*
Coalescence production of sexaquark with three diquarks in high-energy nuclear collisions
Zhi-Lei She🇨🇳 · An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · Larissa V. Bravina🇳🇴 · Evgeny E. Zabrodin🇷🇺 · Sonia Kabana🇨🇱 · Vipul Bairathi🇨🇱
The coalescence production of sexaquark, a hypothetical stable state with quark content $(uu dd ss)$ , is investigated by the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE in $pp$ collisions at $s = 7$ TeV. In this work, the compact sexaquark bound state of three diquarks is formed in the final partonic state by a two-step approach, which involves ``diquark" formation via partonic coalescence and sexaquark construction with dynamically constrained phase-space coalescence model successively. The yields, yield ratios, and dependences of spatial parameters (the size of diquark $D_{0}$ and the radius of sexaquark $R_{0}$ ) of (anti-)sexaquark are predicted. The yields of a hadronic molecule H-dibaryon $H (ΛΛ)$ generated in the final hadronic state are also compared. These estimates provide references for future sexaquark searches and other exotic state studies, such as dibaryons.
hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
40*
Determining the Density of the Sun with Neutrinos
Peter B. Denton🇺🇸 · Charles Gourley🇺🇸
The discovery of solar neutrinos confirmed that the inner workings of the Sun generally match our theoretical understanding of the fusion process. Solar neutrinos have also played a role in discovering that neutrinos have mass and that they oscillate. We combine the latest solar neutrino data along with other oscillation data from reactors to determine the Sun's density profile. We derive constraints given the current data and show the anticipated improvements with more reactor neutrino data from JUNO constraining the true oscillation parameters and more solar neutrino data from DUNE which should provide a crucial measurement of $h e p$ neutrinos.
hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-ex+1PLB(2025)·6 citations
41*
Vector Spaces for Dark Matter (VSDM): Fast Direct Detection Calculations with Python and Julia
Benjamin Lillard🇺🇸 · Aria Radick🇺🇸
Anisotropic target materials are promising candidates for dark matter direct detection experiments, providing a directional sensitivity that can be used to distinguish a dark matter (DM) signal from the various Standard Model backgrounds. In this paper we introduce the Julia and Python implementations of \emph{Vector Spaces for Dark Matter} (VSDM), which handle the difficult scattering rate computation for these rotating, three-dimensional response functions by calculating a partial rate matrix for every combination of DM velocity distribution, material response function, and particle DM properties.
hep-phSciPost Phys.Codeb.(2026)·5 citations
42*
Collinear Approximations for LHC Cross Sections: Factorization and Resummation
Bernhard Mistlberger🇺🇸 · Gherardo Vita🇨🇭
We explore a factorization theorem for color singlet production cross sections at the LHC in the limit of additional radiation becoming collinear to the direction of either of the colliding protons. The resulting formula approximates the cross section as a function of the Born variables of the color singlet final state, specifically its mass and rapidity. We analyze the quality of this approximation and study its limitations at the example of gluon-fusion Higgs boson production and Drell-Yan production through next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD perturbation theory. Furthermore, we resum logarithms enhanced in the collinear limit to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy for our two example processes. We conclude that this framework of collinear approximation is a natural successor to the threshold approximation and resummation for inclusive and differential observables in color-neutral processes.
hep-ph4 citations
43*
Emergent Hydrodynamic Mode on SU(2) Plaquette Chains and Quantum Simulation
Francesco Turro🇺🇸 · Xiaojun Yao🇺🇸
We search for emergent hydrodynamic modes in real-time Hamiltonian dynamics of $2 + 1$ -dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory on a quasi one dimensional plaquette chain, by numerically computing symmetric correlation functions of energy densities on lattice sizes of about $20$ with the local Hilbert space truncated at $j_{max} = \frac{1}{2}$ . Because of the Umklapp processes, we only find a mode for energy diffusion. The symmetric correlator exhibits transport peak near zero frequency with a width approximately proportional to momentum squared at small momentum, when the system is fully quantum ergodic, as indicated by the eigenenergy level statistics. This transport peak leads to a power-law $t^{- \frac{1}{2}}$ decay of the symmetric correlator at late time, also known as the long-time tail, as well as diffusion-like spreading in position space. We also introduce a quantum algorithm for computing the symmetric correlator on a quantum computer and find it gives results consistent with exact diagonalization when tested on the IBM emulator. Finally we discuss the future prospect of searching for the sound modes.
hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-latnucl-th+1PRD(2025)·17 citations
44*
Real-time simulation of jet energy loss and entropy production in high-energy scattering with matter
João Barata🇨🇭 · Enrique Rico🇨🇭
In analogy to high-energy nuclear scattering experiments, we study a real-time scattering process between a propagating state and a dense target in $1 + 1$ -d massive QED. In our setup, we identify three distinct regimes that qualitatively characterize the evolution: for a dilute medium, the incoming probe state evolves nearly ballistically; in an intermediate setting, it traverses the matter, locally exciting it; and for dense targets, one approaches a black-disk limit, where the matter acts as a strong wall potential. We find evidence that the probe's energy loss rate scales linearly with the path length in the medium, and we study how the entanglement entropy reveals the mixing between the probe and medium states. With the goal of one day replicating high-energy nuclear experiments in quantum devices, we briefly discuss how the current tensor network-based simulations can be translated to a quantum simulator.
hep-phnucl-thquant-phCommun.Phys.(2026)·26 citations
45*
Single pion resonant production in BSM scenarios: cross sections and amplitudes
Jaime Hoefken Zink🇵🇱 · Maura E. Ramirez-Quezada🇩🇪
We present a comprehensive theoretical framework describing single pion resonant production through inelastic dark fermion-nucleon interactions mediated by resonances in the GeV-scale regime. Building upon the Rein-Sehgal approach, we derive differential cross sections for processes in which an incoming dark fermion scatters off a nucleon, exciting a resonance that subsequently decays into a nucleon and a pion. Our formulation accommodates various mediator types-namely, dark photons with vector and axial couplings, as well as scalar and pseudoscalar mediators-thereby extending the conventional approach that Rein, Sehgal and Berger performed for neutrino interactions. Transition amplitudes for the nucleon-to-resonance conversion are computed using the relativistic harmonic-oscillator quark model from Feynman, Kislinger and Ravndal, while a Breit-Wigner prescription is employed to incorporate finite resonance widths. This framework offers a robust tool for interpreting experimental data in dark sector and matter searches and represents a contribution to elucidate the role of resonances in GeV-scale phenomenology.
hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
46*
The effect of three-body nucleon-nucleon interaction on the ground state binding energy of the light nuclei
F. Kamgar · G. H. Bordbar🇮🇷 · S. M. Zebarjad🇮🇷 · M. A. Rastkhadiv
We calculate the ground state binding energies of the light nuclei such as 4He, 6Li, 12C and 14N by considering the effect of three-body nucleon-nucleon interaction. We use the effective twobody potential obtained from the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) calculations of the nuclear matter for the Reid68, AV14, UV14, and AV18 nuclear potentials in different channels. To calculate the ground state binding energy, we implement the local density approximation by using the harmonic oscillator wave functions while the effect of three-body interaction is considered by employing the UIX potential. We compare the obtained two-body ground state binding energy with the energy related to the three-body effect. We also compare the obtained values with the experimental data and also work of others, and show that the results are relatively acceptable. We compute the root mean-square radius Rrms of the above nuclei for the Reid68, AV14, UV14, and AV18 potentials and compare the results with the experiment. We also obtain the contribution of different channels by matching to the experimental values of the quadrupole moments and magnetic dipole moments. Furthermore, we calculate the three-body cluster energy of the above nuclei and compare the results with that of nuclear matter. According to the obtained results, we see that the three-body cluster energy contribution is small. For example, for 4He nuclide, this value is 0.079 MeV with the Reid68 potential.
↳ nucl-thhep-phNPA(2025)·0 citations
47*
Calorimetric analysis for long-baseline neutrino experiments
Kai Gallmeister🇩🇪 · Ulrich Mosel🇩🇪
In neutrino long-baseline experiments the energy of the incoming neutrino must be reconstructed from observations of the final state. We first discuss the problems that arise for energy conservation during the final-state interactions in a momentum-dependent potential. We then show, for the example of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, that the presence of such a potential is necessarily connected with a large uncertainty in the reconstructed energy. This same uncertainty also affects the determination of energy- and four-momentum-transfers in neutrino-nucleus reactions. We analyze the origins of these uncertainties using transport theory for the description of the evolution of the final state of the reaction. We show that the spectral functions of target nuclei play an essential role not only for the initial neutrino-nucleus interaction but also for the final state evolution.
↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
48*
Feasibility of Dark Matter in Neutron Stars: A Quantitative Analysis
Prashant Thakur🇮🇳
This thesis investigates the impact of dark matter on neutron star properties, focusing on mass, radius, and tidal deformability. Using two-fluid and single-fluid models, dark matter is incorporated into the equation of state (EOS) via a Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) approach. The study finds that increasing dark matter content reduces the maximum mass, radius, and tidal deformability. Bayesian inference, supported by LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave data and NICER mass-radius measurements, refines these models. Despite dark matter's influence, the semi-universal C-Love relation remains valid. Machine learning techniques effectively classify dark matter-admixed neutron stars. The thesis also explores a sigma-cut potential in the EOS, which stiffens the EOS at high densities, favoring larger radii and lower f-mode frequencies. The study of non-radial oscillations, particularly f- and p-modes, highlights their sensitivity to neutron star composition and EOS. These findings enhance our understanding of neutron star interiors and dark matter's role, emphasizing the need for further observational and theoretical advancements.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-th0 citations
49*
Singularity resolution and regular black hole formation in gravitational collapse in asymptotically safe gravity
Tomohiro Harada🇯🇵 · Chiang-Mei Chen🇹🇼 · Rituparna Mandal🇹🇼
We adopt an effective action inspired by asymptotically safe gravity, in which the effective gravitational constant is parametrized as $G (ϵ) = G_{N} / [1 + ω ~ (G_{N}^{2} ϵ)^{α}]$ , where $G_{N}$ and $ϵ$ denote Newton's gravitational constant and the energy density of the matter field, respectively, with two dimensionless model parameters, $ω ~$ and $α$ . Within this framework, we investigate the complete gravitational collapse of a homogeneous ball of perfect fluid and find that singularity is completely resolved for $α > 1$ but not for $1/2 \leq α \leq 1$ . The case of $0 < α < 1/2$ is inconsistent with asymptotic safety. Moreover, we note that although the singularity cannot be fully resolved for $α = 1$ , it is significantly weakened by quantum gravity effects. Furthermore, we successfully construct a static exterior metric which, together with the interior solution, describes the dynamical formation of regular black holes in an asymptotically flat spacetime. The resulting regular black hole, obtained as the final static state, contains a de Sitter core and admits a static metric fully expressible in terms of the Lerch transcendent for general cases and in elementary functions for certain values of $α$ , including $α = 2$ . We also discuss the formation of gravastars and the late-time evaporation process of the regular black holes.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·21 citations
50*
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity deficit reduction via finite nuclear size
M Gorchtein🇩🇪 · V Katyal🇮🇳 · B Ohayon🇮🇱 · B K Sahoo🇮🇳 · CY Seng🇺🇸
We revisit the extraction of the $∣ V_{u d} ∣$ CKM matrix element from the superallowed transition decay rate of $^{26 m}$ Al $\to$ $^{26}$ Mg, focusing on finite nuclear size effects. The decay rate dependence on the $^{26 m}$ Al charge radius is found to be four times higher than previously believed, necessitating precise determination. However, for a short-lived isotope of an odd $Z$ element such as $^{26 m}$ Al, radius extraction relies on challenging many-body atomic calculations. We performed the needed calculations, finding an excellent agreement with previous ones, which used a different methodology. This sets a new standard for the reliability of isotope shift factor calculations in many-electron systems. The $F t$ value obtained from our analysis is lower by $2.2 σ$ than the corresponding value in the previous critical survey, resulting in an increase in $∣ V_{u d} ∣^{2}$ by $0.9 σ$ . Adopting $∣ V_{u d} ∣$ from this decay alone reduces the CKM unitarity deficit by one standard deviation, irrespective of the choice of $∣ V_{u s} ∣$ .
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exphysics.atom-ph+1PRResearch(2025)·13 citations
51*
Gauge Invariant Effective Potential
Debanjan Balui🇮🇳 · Joydeep Chakrabortty🇮🇳 · Debmalya Dey🇮🇳 · Subhendra Mohanty🇮🇳
We show that the long-standing problem of gauge dependence of the effective potential arises due to the factorisation of the determinant of operators, which is invalid when we take the zeta-regularised trace of the operators. We show by correcting for this assumption by computing the multiplicative anomaly, the gauge-dependent terms of the effective potential cancel. We also show that in two- and odd-dimensional non-compact spacetime manifolds where the multiplicative anomaly term is zero, the standard calculation of one-loop effective potential gives a gauge-independent result. These results are in support of our claim that the multiplicative anomaly may play a crucial role in removing the gauge dependence in the effective potential in the four-dimensional non-compact manifold. Noting the non-trivial aspects of this anomaly computation for a generic scenario, we propose the Heat-Kernel method to compute the effective potential where this anomaly emerges as a total derivative, thus redundant. We explicitly show how one can calculate the gauge independent, effective action and the Coleman-Weinberg effective potential by employing the Heat-Kernel method. Based on this result, we advocate the Heat-Kernel expansion as the most straightforward method, as it naturally deals with the matrix elliptic operator for the calculation of manifestly gauge independent, effective actions compared to other conventional methods.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
52*
Gray-body factors: Method matters
Alexandre Arbey🇫🇷 · Marco Calzà🇮🇹 · Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez🇪🇸
The calculation of gray-body factors is essential for understanding Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics. While the formalism developed by Chandrasekhar is effective for static black holes, it faces significant challenges in Kerr spacetimes, particularly in the superradiant regime, where a specific choice of coordinates introduces numerical inaccuracies. To address these limitations, an alternative method based on re-scaling radial coordinates and employing Frobenius-like expansions has been investigated. We compare the gray-body factors obtained for a near-maximally rotating black hole using both methods and find that the Chandrasekhar formalism systematically overestimates the values in the superradiant regime compared to well-established analytical results. Specifically, for a spin parameter of $a_{*} = 0.999$ , the Chandrasekhar method yields values approximately twice as large as the correct result. Since this approach has been implemented in \texttt{BlackHawk}, we assess the impact of these discrepancies on constraints derived from gamma-ray observations of highly spinning primordial black holes.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPhys.Dark Univ.(2025)·11 citations
53*
Measuring $A_{FB}^{b}$ and $R_{b}$ with exclusive $b$ -hadron decays at the FCC-ee
Lars Röhrig🇩🇪 · Kevin Kröninger🇩🇪 · Romain Madar🇫🇷 · Stéphane Monteil🇫🇷 · Fabrizio Palla🇮🇹 · Emmanuel Perez🇨🇭
This paper presents a novel tagging technique to measure the beauty-quark partial decay-width ratio $R_{b}$ and its forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}^{b}$ at the FCC-ee, using $O (1 0^{12})$ $Z$ -boson decays. The method is based on the exclusive reconstruction of a selected list of $b$ -hadron decay modes in $Z \to b b ˉ$ events at the $Z$ pole, which can provide the flavour and possibly the charge of the hemisphere. This approach effectively eliminates the contamination from light-quark physics events and reduces the leading systematic uncertainties arising from background contamination, tagging-efficiency correlations, and gluon-radiation corrections by exploiting the geometric and kinematic properties of beauty hadrons. This results in a total relative uncertainty of the order of $0.01 %$ for both observables. Furthermore, this precision allows to obtain a commensurate precision on the weak mixing angle $sin^{2} (θ_{W}^{eff})$ compared to the muon forward-backward asymmetry on the order of $0.002 %$ .
↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
54*
Back-Reaction of Super-Hubble Fluctuations, Late Time Tracking and Recent Observational Results
Marco Antonio Cardoso Alvarez🇧🇷 · Leila Graef🇧🇷 · Robert Brandenberger🇨🇦
Previous studies suggested that the back-reaction of super-Hubble cosmological fluctuations could lead to a dynamical relaxation of the cosmological constant. Moreover, this mechanism appears to be self-regulatory, potentially leading to an oscillatory behavior in the effective dark energy. Such an effect would occur in any cosmological model with super-Hubble matter fluctuations, including the standard $Λ CDM$ model. The recent DESI data, which indicate that dark energy may be dynamical, has renewed interest in exploring scenarios leading to such oscillatory behavior. In this work we propose a parametrization to account for the impact of super-Hubble fluctuations on the background energy density of the Universe. We model the total effective cosmological constant as the sum of a constant piece and an oscillating contribution. We perform a preliminary comparison of the background dynamics of this model with the recent radial BAO data from DESI. We also discuss the status of the $H_{0}$ tension problem in this model.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thSymmetry(2025)·7 citations
55*
Maximal Magic for Two-qubit States
Qiaofeng Liu🇺🇸 · Ian Low🇺🇸 · Zhewei Yin🇺🇸
Magic is a quantum resource essential for universal quantum computation and represents the deviation of quantum states from those that can be simulated efficiently using classical algorithms. Using the Stabilizer Rényi Entropy (SRE), we investigate two-qubit states with maximal magic, which are most distinct from classical simulability, and provide strong numerical evidence that the maximal second order SRE is $ln (16/7) \approx 0.827$ , establishing a tighter bound than the prior $ln (5/2) \approx 0.916$ . We identify 480 states saturating the new bound, which turn out to be the fiducial states for the mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) generated by the orbits of the Weyl-Heisenberg (WH) group, and conjecture that WH-MUBs are the maximal magic states for $n$ -qubit, when $n \neq = 1$ and 3. We also reveal a striking interplay between magic and entanglement: the entanglement of maximal magic states is restricted to two possible values, $1/2$ and $1/ 2$ , as quantified by the concurrence; none is maximally entangled.
↳ quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phhep-th+1Quantum Sci.Technol.(2026)·33 citations
56*
Effects of spacetime geometry on neutrino oscillation inside a Core-Collapse Supernova
Indrajit Ghose🇮🇳 · Amitabha Lahiri🇮🇳
Neutrinos are excellent probes of the inner structures of supernovas. However, an understanding of their dynamics remains incomplete, which is crucial for properly interpreting the detector data. The huge matter density inside a core collapse supernova affects the self-coupling of the neutrinos through a geometrical four-fermion interaction induced by spacetime torsion generated by the fermions themselves. For normal mass hierarchy, the effect is negligible; for inverted mass hierarchy however, we find that the gravitational coupling can significantly alter the flavor dynamics. The possibility of constraining the said interactions through the relative abundance of different flavors of the neutrinos is discussed.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2025)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.