Tue·Feb 11, 2025Tuesday·February 11, 2025

1. 01*

   Collider signatures of fermionic scotogenic dark matter

   Victor Martin Lozano🇪🇸 · G. Sanchez Garcia🇪🇸 · J. W. F. Valle🇪🇸

   Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) constitute a paradigm in the search for particle dark matter. In contrast to supersymmetry (SUSY), we explore the possibility that WIMP dark-matter acts as mediator of neutrino mass generation. We examine in detail the phenomenology of fermionic dark matter in the revamped (or singlet-triplet) scotogenic model and study its collider implications. Unlike SUSY WIMP dark-matter, collider searches for the Lightest Scotogenic Particle (LSP) at LHC/LHC-HL are strongly complementary to charged lepton flavor violation probes and dark matter studies.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
2. 02*

   $B_s^0\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ in a flavor violating extension of MSSM

   Kai-Kai Meng🇨🇳 · Hai-Bin Zhang🇨🇳 · Jin-Lei Yang🇨🇳

   $B$ meson rare decays play a crucial role in exploring new physics beyond the standard model. In this study, we explore the rare decay process $B_s^0\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ in a flavor violating extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), namely the $\mu$-from-$\nu$ SSM ($\mu \nu$SSM). Combined with the decay $\bar{B}\to X_s\gamma$, the numerical results indicate that the $\mu \nu$SSM can successfully accommodate the experimental data for $B_s^0\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and additionally narrow down the parameter space.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Where is the next pentaquark state?

   Hao-Song Li🇨🇳 · Tao Li🇨🇳

   The LHCb Collaboration has observed two types of hidden-charm pentaquark states $P_{\psi }^N$ and $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }$ since 2015. In this work, we predict two other types of hidden-charm pentaquark states $P_{\psi s}^{\Sigma }(4367)$ and $P_{\psi ss}^N(4379)$ within the framework of heavy pentaquark chiral perturbation theory. We suggest the LHCb Collaboration to observe $P_{\psi ss}^N(4379{)}^{-}$ and $P_{\psi ss}^N(4379{)}^0$ with $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ in the $J/\psi \Xi$ spectrum through amplitude analyses of ${\Omega }_b^{-}\to J/\psi {\Xi }^0{K}^{-}$ decays and $B^{-}\to J/\psi {\Xi }^{-}\bar{\Lambda }$ decays.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Box Singularity Conditions in Box Diagrams of Decay Processes

   Chao-Wei Shen🇨🇳 · Ming-Yang Duan🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳

   Since 1959, singularities within single-loop diagrams have been studied. They are believed to significantly influence our understanding of experimental observables. In this study, we explore the singularities that arise from box diagrams in the decay process, which can be classified into two distinct categories. A comprehensive analysis of box singularities has been conducted, wherein we have derived and presented specific conditional formulae to ascertain the occurrence of singularities, along with the related physical scenarios.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Role of $4S$-$3D$ mixing in explaining the $\omega$-like $Y(2119)$ observed in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \rho \pi$ and $\rho (1450)\pi$

   Zi-Yue Bai🇨🇳 · Qin-Song Zhou🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   The BESIII Collaboration has recently reported a new resonance structure in the cross-section analyses of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \rho \pi$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \rho (1450)\pi$ processes, displaying characteristics akin to an $\omega$-meson. However, its measured mass, $M=2119\pm 11\pm 15\text{MeV}$, significantly deviates from the predictions of the unquenched relativized potential model for conventional $\omega$ vector meson spectroscopy. To address this discrepancy, we propose a $4S$-$3D$ mixing scheme and investigate the corresponding decay properties within this framework. Our analysis demonstrates that the mixed state ${\omega }_{4S\text{-}3D}^{\prime }$ exhibits excellent agreement with the observed resonance, not only in mass and width but also in the products of its dielectron width and branching ratios, ${\Gamma }_{e^{+}{e}^{-}}^{\mathcal{R}}\times {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{R}\to \rho \pi }$ and ${\Gamma }_{e^{+}{e}^{-}}^{\mathcal{R}}\times {\mathcal{B}}_{\mathcal{R}\to \rho (1450)\pi \to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0}$. The determined mixing angle, $\theta =-\left(31.1_{-3.1}^{+2.1}\right)°$, strongly supports the interpretation of this structure as the ${\omega }_{4S\text{-}3D}^{\prime }$ state. Furthermore, we predict dominant decay channels for ${\omega }_{4S\text{-}3D}^{\prime }$ and its partner state ${\omega }_{4S\text{-}3D}^{\prime \prime }$. These predictions, together with the proposed mixing mechanism, provide crucial guidance for future experimental studies aimed at probing this structure and rigorously testing the $4S$-$3D$ mixing hypothesis.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
6. 06*

   Exploring the Effect of Chiral Torsion on Neutrino Oscillation in Long Baseline Experiments

   Riya Barick🇮🇳 · Amitabha Lahiri🇮🇳

   In curved spacetime, neutrinos experience an extra contribution to their effective Hamiltonian coming from a torsion-induced four-fermion interaction that is diagonal in mass basis and also causes neutrino mixing while propagating through fermionic matter. This geometrical quartic interaction term appears as the modification to the neutrino mass term and significantly influences both neutrino conversion and survival probabilities. Since this term varies linearly with matter density, long baseline (LBL) experiments would be a good choice to probe this effect. We put bounds on torsional coupling parameters and also see the impact of torsion on physics sensitivities in the DUNE experiment.

   hep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Spin alignment of quarkonia in vortical quark-gluon plasma

   Yuhao Liang🇨🇳 · Shu Lin🇨🇳

   The spin alignment of $J/\psi$ with respect to event plane in relativistic heavy ion collisions exhibits a significant signal. We propose a possible mechanism for spin alignment through spin dependent dissociation of quarkonia in a vortical quark-gluon plasma. The spin dependent dissociation is realized through inelastic scattering between constituents of quarkonium and those of quark-gluon plasma polarized by the vorticity. The spin dependent dissociation rate is found to depend on the directions of vorticity, quantization axis, and quark momentum. We implement our results in a dissociation dominated evolution model for quarkonia in the Bjorken flow, finding the spin $0$ state is slightly suppressed compared to the average of the other two, which is consistent with the sign found in experiments. We also find absence of logarithmic enhancement in binding energy in the vortical correction to dissociation rate, which is understood from the requirement that a spin dependent dissociation can only come from quark coupling to a pair of chromomagnetic and chromoelectric field.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thCPC(2025)·7 citations
8. 08*

   Data determination of HQET parameters in inclusive charm decays

   Kang-Kang Shao🇨🇳 · Chun Huang🇺🇸 · Qin Qin🇨🇳

   This work delves into the phenomenology of electronic inclusive decays of $D$ mesons, encompassing $D^0,D^{+},D_s^{+}\to X{e}^{+}\nu$. The theoretical formulas for the decay widths and electron energy moments of these decays are presented as expansions with powers of ${\alpha }_s$ and ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}/m_c$. Remarkably, the expansion exhibits excellent convergence properties when we choose the 1S mass scheme for charm. The formulas are subsequently fitted to experimental data, and the $D$ meson matrix elements of operators in the heavy quark effective theory are hence determined by data for the first time, including \begin{align} \mu^2_\pi(D^{0,+}) &= (0.09\pm 0.05) \mathrm{GeV}^2, \qquad \qquad \mu^2_\pi(D^{+}_s) = (0.11\pm 0.05) \mathrm{GeV}^2, \nonumber \\ \mu^2_G(D^{0,+}) &= (0.32\pm 0.02) \mathrm{GeV}^2, \qquad \qquad \mu^2_G(D^{+}_s) = (0.43\pm 0.02) \mathrm{GeV}^2, \nonumber \\ \rho_D^3(D^{0,+}) &= (-0.003\pm 0.002) \mathrm{GeV}^3, \qquad\ \rho_D^3(D^{+}_s) = (-0.004\pm 0.002) \mathrm{GeV}^3, \nonumber \\ \rho_{LS}^3(D^{0,+}) &= (0.004\pm 0.002) \mathrm{GeV}^3, \qquad \ \ \ \rho_{LS}^3(D^{+}_s) = (0.005\pm 0.002) \mathrm{GeV}^3 . \nonumber \end{align} These determined parameters will play a crucial role as inputs in various physical quantities, including $D$ meson lifetimes.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Comment on "Galvano-rotational effect induced by electroweak interactions in pulsars"

   R. R. S. Oliveira🇧🇷

   In this comment, we show that the fundamental equation worked by Dvornikov in his paper is incorrect, which is given by the Dirac equation for a neutrino interacting with matter in a rotating frame (or curved space-time). In particular, Dvornikov incorrectly wrote/defined the interaction term (effective potentials or background matter) in a curved space-time. Consequently, one of his main results (if not the main one), namely the relativistic energy spectrum, is also incorrect (actually partially incorrect). So, starting from the correct Dirac equation with effective potentials in a curved space-time, we obtain the correct energy spectrum for a neutrino interacting with matter in a rotating frame. We observe that the square root of this spectrum is very different from that obtained by Dvornikov. In fact, in our case, the spectrum was obtained from a Bessel equation subject to a hard-wall confining potential, while the Dvornikov spectrum was obtained from an associated Laguerre equation. However, we note that the only correct thing in the Dvornikov spectrum are the terms outside the square root, which agree with those of the correct spectrum.

   hep-phgr-qcJCAP(2025)·2 citations
10. 10*

    $T_{cc}$ and Hidden Charm Tetraquarks $1^{+}$ and $0^{+}$in QCD sum rules and Heavy-Quark Spin Symmetry

    Semra Sari Ferah🇹🇷 · Altug Ozpineci🇹🇷

    In this work, $T_{cc}$ double charm tetraquark and $1^{+}$ and $0^{+}$ hidden charm tetraquarks are studied within the QCD sum rules framework. In the heavy-quark limit, the $1^{+}$ and $0^{+}$ tetraquarks are degenerate and the difference in their masses is an $1/m_c$ effect. It is shown that, although the uncertainty in the mass predictions of each of these hadrons is $\mathcal{O}(100\mathrm{MeV})$, when the mass differences are studied, the uncertainty is reduced to less than $\mathcal{O}(10\mathrm{MeV})$. Hence, it is concluded that if one of the exotic hadrons is observed and its mass is used as input, the masses of the other hadrons can be determined with a precision of $\mathcal{O}(10\mathrm{MeV})$ using the QCD sum rules method.

    hep-ph0 citations
11. 11*

    Family Unification in $SO(16)$ Grand Unification

    Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Tianjun Li🇨🇳 · Naoki Yamatsu🇯🇵

    We propose a unified model for the three Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetries and $SU(3)$ family symmetry based on $SO(16)$ grand unified gauge symmetry on six-dimensional (6D) spacetime. In this model, three chiral generations of quarks and leptons are unified into a 6D Weyl fermion in the spinor representation of $SO(16)$. The 6D $SO(16)$ gauge anomaly is canceled by the vectorlike nature of the model, and the 4D gauge anomalies are canceled by introducing suitable 4D localized fermions at the fixed point. The 4D gauge coupling constant of $SO(16)$ has the property of becoming weaker at high energies.

    hep-phhep-thPTEP(2026)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Axial current as the origin of quantum intrinsic orbital angular momentum

    Orkash Amat🇨🇳 · Nurimangul Nurmamat🇨🇳 · Yong-Feng Huang🇨🇳 · Cheng-Ming Li🇨🇳 · Jin-Jun Geng🇨🇳 · Chen-Ran Hu🇨🇳 · Ze-Cheng Zou🇨🇳 · Xiao-Fei Dong🇨🇳 · Chen Deng🇨🇳 · Fan Xu🇨🇳 · Xiao-li Zhang🇨🇳 · Chen Du🇨🇳

    We show that the axial current density is the physical origin (generator) of quantum intrinsic orbital angular momentum (IOAM). Without the axial current, the IOAM of particles vanishes. Broadly speaking, we argue that the spiral or interference characteristics of the axial current density determine the occurrence of nonlinear or tunneling effects in any spacetime-dependent quantum systems. Our findings offer a comprehensive theoretical framework that addresses the limitations of Keldysh's ionization theory and provides new insights into the angular momentum properties of quantum systems, particularly in tunneling-dominated regimes. Using Wigner function methods, fermionic generalized two-level model, and Berry phase simulations, we predict that IOAM effect can persist even in pure quantum tunneling processes. These results open the door for experimental verification of IOAM effects in future high-intensity QED experiments, such as those using X-ray free electron lasers.

    hep-phcs.SYeess.SYPRD(2025)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Insights into the ${\gamma }^{(\ast )}+\mathbf{N}(940){\frac{1}{2}}^{+}\to \mathbf{\Delta }(1700){\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ transition

    L. Albino🇪🇸 · G. Paredes-Torres🇲🇽 · K. Raya🇪🇸 · A. Bashir🇲🇽 · J. Segovia🇪🇸

    We report novel theoretical results for the ${\gamma }^{(\ast )}+N(940){\frac{1}{2}}^{+}\to \Delta (1700){\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ transition, utilizing a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector$\otimes$vector contact interaction (SCI) within the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) formalism. In this approach, both nucleon, $N(940){\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$, and $\Delta (1232)$'s parity partner, $\Delta (1700){\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$, are treated as quark-diquark composites, with their internal structures governed accordingly by a tractable truncation of the Poincaré-covariant Faddeev equation. Nonpointlike quark+quark (diquark) correlations within baryons, which are deeply tied to the processes driving hadron mass generation, are inherently dynamic in the sense that they continually break apart and recombine guided by the Faddeev kernel. For the nucleon, isoscalar-scalar and isovector-axial-vector diquarks dominate, while the $\Delta (1700){\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ state only includes contributions from isovector-axial-vector diquarks because the SCI-interaction excludes isovector-vector diquarks. Once the Faddeev wave function of the baryons involved in the electromagnetic transition is normalized taking into account that its elastic electric form factor must be one at the on-shell photon point, we compute the transition form factors that describe the ${\gamma }^{(\ast )}+N(940){\frac{1}{2}}^{+}\to \Delta (1700){\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ reaction and, using algebraic relations, derive the corresponding helicity amplitudes. When comparing with experiment, our findings highlight a strong sensitivity of these observables to the internal structure of baryons, offering valuable insights. Although the SCI-framework has obvious limitations, its algebraic simplicity provides analytical predictions that serve as useful benchmarks for guiding more refined studies within QCD-based DSEs frameworks.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PRD(2025)·5 citations
14. 14*

    New physics effects in $R(K^{(\ast )})$, $B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, and $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$

    Jong-Phil Lee🇰🇷

    We analyze possible new physics (NP) effects on $b\to s$ transition processes, $R(K^{(\ast )})$, $B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, and $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$ decays. Though recent data for $R(K^{(\ast )})$ and $\mathrm{Br}(B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ are compatible with the standard model (SM), there are still rooms for NP beyond the SM. Especially $\mathrm{Br}(B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu })$ is measured to exceed the theoretical predictions. We parameterize the NP effects in a generic way with explicit NP scale $M_{\mathrm{NP}}$ and some possible powers of it. For reasonable ranges of NP fermionic couplings we find a window of $3.17\mathrm{TeV}\le M_{\mathrm{NP}}\le 14.9\mathrm{TeV}$ for new particles. When including $\mathrm{Br}(B^{+}\to K^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ and the angular observable $P_5^{\prime }(B^{+}\to K^{\ast +}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ we have a wider range of the window. Implications of our analysis about specific NP models are discussed.

    hep-ph10 citations
15. 15*

    Probing the QCD $\bar{\theta }$ term with paramagnetic molecules

    Heleen Mulder🇳🇱 · Rob Timmermans🇳🇱 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱

    The experimental search for CP violation in paramagnetic atomic and molecular systems has made impressive progress in recent years. This has led to strong upper limits on the electron electric dipole moment. The same measurements can also be used to constrain hadronic sources of CP violation through CP-violating interactions between the electrons and the nucleus. We employ heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory to compute such CP-violating semileptonic electron-nucleus interactions arising from the QCD theta term. We sharpen earlier results by determining the relevant short-distance effects and by an explicit two-loop calculation of meson-photon diagrams. We derive a bound of $|\bar{\theta }|<1.5\cdot 10^{-8}$ at $90\%$ confidence, based on HfF${}^{+}$ experiments at JILA. A further experimental improvement of one to two orders of magnitude would make paramagnetic molecular electric dipole moment experiments competitive with the neutron and diamagnetic atom program in constraining strong CP violation and higher-dimensional CP-odd quark-gluon operators.

    hep-phnucl-thphysics.atom-phJHEP(2025)·11 citations
16. 16*

    Interpretation of 95 GeV Excess within the Georgi-Machacek Model in Light of Positive Definiteness Constraints

    Xiaokang Du🇨🇳 · Huiling Liu🇨🇳 · Qin Chang🇨🇳

    The recent observation of a di-photon excess around 95 GeV by the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, along with the $b\bar{b}$ excess reported by the LEP Collaboration in the same mass region, has drawn significant interest in the possibility of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). The Georgi-Machacek (GM) model, which extends the Higgs sector of the SM by introducing additional triplet scalars while preserving custodial symmetry at tree level, provides a compelling framework to explain both excesses simultaneously via a light custodial singlet Higgs. In this work, we investigate whether the GM model can still accommodate these excesses when taking into account newly proposed vacuum stability constraints, particularly the positive definiteness conditions. Our numerical analysis not only confirms the existence of a viable parameter space capable of explaining the 95 GeV excesses, but also demonstrates that, compared to traditional tree-level constraints at the electroweak scale, the positive definiteness conditions further expand the allowed parameter space, thereby enhancing the viability of the GM model. Furthermore, we emphasize that future collider experiments will play a crucial role in testing this interpretation by refining Higgs coupling measurements and searching for additional Higgs bosons.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·15 citations
17. 17*

    The QCD Running Coupling

    A. Deur🇺🇸

    We describe the coupling of the strong force. Denoted as ${\alpha }_s$, it sets the strength of that force, just as $G$ or $\alpha$ specify the strength of the gravity and electromagnetism. Its value depends on the scale at which phenomena are observed. In this chapter, we will explain the nature of the coupling, the quantum origin of its scale dependence, and the crucial consequences this entails for quantum chromodynamics, the gauge theory for the strong force. We describe the theories for the calculation of ${\alpha }_s$, using the perturbative method at high-momentum scales (equivalently, short-distance scales) and nonperturbative approaches at low-momentum scales (equivalently, long-distance scales). We also present the experimental determinations of ${\alpha }_s$ at both short and long distance scales.

    hep-ph11 citations
18. 18*

    Leptogenesis with triplet scalars at electroweak scale

    Rituparna Ghosh🇮🇳 · Biswarup Mukhopadhyaya🇮🇳 · Utpal Sarkar🇮🇳

    Up until now the works regarding leptogenesis have discussed different mechanisms to explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU). The type-$II$ seesaw mechanism employing triplet scalars has been well studied in this context and the triplet vacuum expectation value (VEV) answering to the observed BAU is $(<10^{-2}GeV)$. On the contrary we are invoking an extended Georgi-Machacek type scenario, capable of generating BAU through leptogenesis while keeping the triplet VEV at a moderate range where it plays a nontrivial role in electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). In this study we have also considered the decaying scalar mass responsible for leptogenesis to be within a TeV and hence one can probe this possibility at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) itself via different kinds of signature corresponding to different triplet VEV region.

    hep-ph0 citations
19. 19*

    Collective flavor conversions are interactions of neutrinos with quantized flavor waves

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇪 · Georg G. Raffelt🇩🇪

    Collective oscillations in dense neutrino gases (flavor waves) are notable for their instabilities that cause fast flavor conversion. We develop a quantum theory of interacting neutrinos and flavor wave quanta, which are analogous to plasmons, but also carry flavor. The emission or absorption of such flavor plasmons $\psi$, or flavomons, changes the neutrino flavor. When an angular crossing occurs, the process ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e+\psi$ is more rapid than its inverse along the direction of the crossing, triggering stimulated $\psi$ emission and fast instability. Calculating the rate via Feynman diagrams matches the fast instability growth rate. Our novel $\nu$ and $\psi$ kinetic equations, corresponding to quasi-linear theory, describe instability evolution without resolving the small scales of the flavomon wavelength, potentially overcoming the main challenge of fast flavor evolution.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRL(2025)·28 citations
20. 20*

    All axion dark matter from supersymmetric models

    Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · Dibyashree Sengupta🇮🇹 · Kairui Zhang🇺🇸

    Supersymmetric models accompanied by certain anomaly-free discrete R-symmetries Z_n^R are attractive in that 1. the R-symmetry (which can arise from compactified string theory as a remnant of the broken 10-d Lorentz symmetry) forbids unwanted superpotential terms while allowing for the generation of an accidental, approximate global U(1)_{PQ} symmetry needed to solve the strong CP problem and 2. they provide a raison d'etre for an otherwise ad-hoc R-parity conservation. We augment the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) by two additional Z_n^R- and PQ-charged fields X and Y wherein SUSY breaking at an intermediate scale m_{hidden} leads to PQ breaking at a scale f_a\sim 10^{11} GeV leading to a SUSY DFSZ axion. The same SUSY breaking can trigger R-parity breaking via higher-dimensional operators leading to tiny R-violating couplings of order (f_a/m_P)^N and a WIMP quality problem. For Z_4^R and Z_8^R, we find only an N=1 suppression. Then the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) of the MSSM becomes unstable with a lifetime of order ~ 10^{-3}-10 seconds so the LSPs all decay away before the present epoch. That leaves a universe with all axion cold dark matter and no WIMPs in accord with recent LZ-2024 WIMP search results.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·12 citations
21. 21*

    Nucleon axial, tensor, and scalar charges and $\sigma$-terms in lattice QCD

    Constantia Alexandrou🇨🇾 · Simone Bacchio🇨🇾 · Jacob Finkenrath🇨🇭 · Christos Iona🇨🇾 · Giannis Koutsou🇨🇾 · Yan Li🇨🇾 · Gregoris Spanoudes🇨🇾

    We determine the nucleon axial, scalar and tensor charges at the continuum limit by analyzing three $N_f=2+1+1$ twisted mass fermion ensembles with all quark masses tuned to approximately their physical values. We include all contributions from valence and sea quarks. We use the Akaike Information Criterion to evaluate systematic errors due to excited states and the continuum extrapolation. For the nucleon isovector axial charge we find $g_A^{u-d}=1.250(24)$, in agreement with the experimental value. We compute the axial, tensor and scalar charges for each quark flavor. The axial charge provides crucial information on the intrinsic spin carried by quark in the nucleon and the the latter two provide input for experimental searches of physics beyond the standard model. Moreover, we extract the nucleon $\sigma$-terms and find ${\sigma }_{\pi N}=41.9(8.1)$ MeV, for the strange ${\sigma }_s=30(17)$ MeV and for the charm ${\sigma }_c=82(29)$ MeV. We also present preliminary results on the isovector quantities using a fourth ensemble at smaller lattice spacing.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·4 citations
22. 22*

    Prediction of lithium isotope fluxes using data-driven production cross sections

    Meng-Jie Zhao🇨🇳 · Xiao-Jun Bi🇨🇳 · Kun Fang🇨🇳 · Xing-Jian Lv🇨🇳 · Peng-Fei Yin🇨🇳

    Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) generally share common propagation features, leading to consistent spectral observations of secondary nuclei such as Li, Be, and B. However, the Li spectrum predicted by the CR diffusion coefficient inferred from B/C is significantly lower than the latest measurement of AMS-02. This anomaly may be attributed to the missing contributions from the heavy nuclei components in cosmic rays. By including these missing contributions the excess of the Li spectrum disappears. However, another inconsistency still exists since the calculated Li spectrum is now overestimated compared to the data. In this work, we update the cross-section model used to calculate the Li production according to more cross-section measurements. We find that the cross sections of these added reactions are systematically overestimated, and should be renormalized to the interpolations of available data. As a result, our prediction of the total Li spectrum is consistent with the measurement without discrepancy, and our prediction of the ${}^6\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^7\mathrm{Li}$ spectra are consistent with the preliminary measurements of AMS-02 within the cross-section uncertainties.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
23. 23*

    Cosmological cutting rules for Bogoliubov initial states: any mass and spin

    Diptimoy Ghosh🇮🇳 · Farman Ullah🇮🇳

    The cosmological optical theorem and the cutting rules are well-known consequences of unitary time evolution in cosmology. The earlier works showed that assuming a Bunch-Davies initial state, one can derive equations relating a wavefunction diagram with a given number of internal lines to a sum of diagrams with fewer internal lines. In particular, it can relate a loop diagram to a sum of tree-level diagrams. Recently these relations were generalised to a set of excited initial states known as Bogoliubov states and they were shown to have non-trivial consequences for n-point contact and 4-point exchange diagrams. This analysis restricted the field content to massless and conformally coupled scalar fields. In this paper, we take the final step of generalising these "Bogoliubov cutting rules" to fields of any mass and spin. We define modified propagator identities and corresponding "Discontinuities" which automatically generalise the earlier relations to fields of any mass and spin. Finally, we discuss issues concerning the far past convergence of time integrals in the complex plane.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Pseudoscalar Screening Mass at Finite Temperature and Magnetic Field from Lattice QCD with Physical Quark Masses

    Rishabh Thakkar🇨🇳 · Heng-Tong Ding🇨🇳 · Jin-Biao Gu🇨🇳 · Sheng-Tai

    Understanding the screening mass of pseudoscalar mesons at finite temperature and magnetic field is crucial for comprehending the behavior of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions, such as those found in the early universe or inside neutron stars. Additionally, in heavy ion collisions, strong magnetic fields are generated, which could significantly influence the properties of the quark-gluon plasma. The study of these screening masses provides insight into the modifications of mesonic properties in such environments, which is essential for the theoretical understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions and the properties of the quark-gluon plasma. Here, we present continuum estimated lattice QCD results on the screening mass of neutral pseudoscalar mesons at finite temperatures and nonzero magnetic fields. The simulations used (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD simulations using physical quark masses employing the HISQ/tree action. The continuum estimation was carried out using lattices having temporal extents $N_{\tau }$ = 8, 12, and 16, all having aspect ratio $N_{\sigma }/N_{\tau }$ = 4. The investigated temperature ranges from 145 MeV to 166 MeV, while the magnetic field strength varies from 0 to 1 GeV${}^2$. We discuss the dependence of the screening masses of various neutral pseudoscalar mesons on temperature, magnetic field strength, and quark mass.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·1 citation
25. 25*

    Gauge Dependence of ccbar Potential from Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter Wave Function in Lattice QCD

    Tianchen Zhang (RCNP, Osaka University)🇯🇵 · Noriyoshi Ishii (RCNP, Osaka University)🇯🇵

    We study the gauge dependence of $c\bar{c}$ potentials extracted from Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave functions. The potentials are obtained using the HAL QCD potential method, with an extension introduced by Kawanai and Sasaki for self-consistent determination of the charm quark mass. A systematic comparison is conducted between results obtained in the Coulomb and Landau gauges. The numerical calculations are performed using 2+1 flavor QCD gauge configurations with the charm quark treated in the quenched approximation. We find that the central potentials in both gauges show excellent agreement at short distances but exhibit discrepancies at large distances. We attribute these discrepancies to insufficient suppression of excited-state contamination in the Landau gauge, which affects the linear-rising behavior of the potential at large distance.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
26. 26*

    Axialvector diqaurk Mass and quark-diquark potential in Sigma_c

    Soya Nishioka (RCNP Osaka university)🇯🇵 · Noriyoshi Ishii (RCNP Osaka university)🇯🇵

    The axialvector diquark is studied by using 2+1 flavor Lattice QCD. Being a two-quark object, diquark has a non-neutral color charge. Hence the two-point correlators of diquark fields do not have a particle pole due to the color confinement of QCD, and it is not straightforward to study the diquark mass by lattice QCD by using an exponential fit of a temporal two-point correlator. In order to avoid this difficulty, our strategy is to regard the diquark mass as a mass parameter of an effective quark-diquark model which is constructed by using an extended HAL QCD method based on equal-time quark-diquark Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave functions. We attempt to calculate the axial-vector diquark mass and the quark-diquark potentials between a charm quark and an axial-vector diquark in the ${\Sigma }_c$ baryon. Lattice QCD Monte Carlo calculation is performed by using the 2+1 flavor QCD gauge configurations generated on $32^3\times 64$ lattice by PACS-CS Collaboration which corresponds to the pion mass of about 700 MeV. As a result, a quark-diquark central potential of Cornell-type and a short-ranged spin-dependent potential are obtained. However, from a quantitative point of view, the ground state convergence of the NBS wave functions are not sufficient so that we obtain a larger string tension and a smaller axial-vector diquark mass than we have expected phenomenologically.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Chien-Shiung Wu as the experimental pioneer in quantum entanglement: a 2022 note

    Yu Shi🇨🇳

    Advised by Prof. Chen Ning Yang, we review the early pioneering work by Chien-Shiung Wu on entangled photons created from the electron-positron annihilation. This paper formed a basis of the author's speech at International Symposium Commemorating the 110th Birth Anniversary of Chien-Shiung Wu, May 31, 2022, and of a few articles on the subject in Chinese.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-exhep-phhep-th+1Modern Physics Letters A 40, Nos. 9 & 10 …·2 citations
28. 28*

    Constraints on axion-like particles using lattice QCD calculations of the rate for $J/\psi \to \gamma a$

    Brian Colquhoun🇬🇧 · Christine T. H. Davies🇬🇧 · G. Peter Lepage🇺🇸 · Sophie Renner🇬🇧

    A key search mode for axion-like particles (ALPs) that couple to charm quarks is $J/\psi \to \gamma a$. Here we calculate the form factor that allows the rate of this process to be determined using lattice QCD for the first time. Our calculations use the relativistic Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action for the valence charm quarks on gluon field configurations generated by the MILC collaboration that include $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$ HISQ quarks in the sea at four values of the lattice spacing and both unphysical and physical sea quark masses. We determine the form factor as a function of ALP mass with an uncertainty of less than 2\% across our full range of ALP masses from zero up to 95\% of the $J/\psi$ mass. This represents a substantial improvement in accuracy of the theoretical picture of this decay compared to the previously used tree-level and $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s)$ perturbation theory. We use our form factor to determine constraints on ALP masses and couplings to charm quarks and photons in several different scenarios using recent experimental data from BESIII. Our calculation paves the way for further lattice QCD input on new physics constraints from radiative decays.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
29. 29*

    Searching for Inflationary Physics with the CMB Trispectrum: 3. Constraints from Planck

    Oliver H. E. Philcox🇺🇸

    Is there new physics hidden in the four-point function of the cosmic microwave background (CMB)? We conduct a detailed analysis of the Planck PR4 temperature and polarization trispectrum for $\ell \in [2,2048]$. Using the theoretical and computational tools developed in Paper 1 and Paper 2, we search for 33 template amplitudes, encoding a variety of effects from inflationary self-interactions to particle exchange. We find no evidence for primordial non-Gaussianity and set stringent constraints on both phenomenological amplitudes and couplings in the inflationary Lagrangian. Due to the use of optimal estimators and polarization data, our constraints are highly competitive. For example, we find $\sigma (g_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{loc}})=4.8\times 10^4$ and ${\tau }_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{loc}}<1500$ (95\% CL), a factor of two improvement on Effective Field Theory amplitudes, and a $43\sigma$ detection of gravitational lensing. Many templates are analyzed for the first time, such as direction-dependent trispectra and the collapsed limit of the `cosmological collider', across a range of masses and spins. We perform a variety of validation tests; whilst our results are stable, the most relevant systematics are found to be lensing bias, residual foregrounds, and mismatch between simulations and data. The techniques discussed in this series can be extended to future datasets, allowing the primordial Universe to be probed at even higher sensitivity.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·45 citations
30. 30*

    Gradient Flows and the Curvature of Theory Space

    William H. Pannell🇬🇧 · Andreas Stergiou🇬🇧

    The metric and potential associated with the gradient property of renormalisation group flow in multiscalar models in $d=4-\epsilon$ dimensions are studied. The metric is identified with the Zamolodchikov metric of nearly marginal operators on the sphere. An explicit form for the associated Ricci scalar in $d=4-\epsilon$ is derived, which shows that the space of multiscalar field theories is curved. The potential is identified with a quantity $\tilde{F}$ that was previously proposed as a weakly monotonic function interpolating between the $a$-theorem in four dimensions and the $F$-theorem in three dimensions. This implies that the $\tilde{F}$-theorem can be extended perturbatively to a theorem about gradient flow in $d=4-\epsilon$.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phJHEP(2025)·9 citations
31. 31*

    QED nuclear medium effects at EIC energies

    Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Oleksandr Tomalak🇺🇸 · Ivan Vitev🇺🇸

    We present the first calculation of quantum electrodynamics (QED) nuclear medium effects under the experimental conditions of future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) experiments. Our work offers numerical estimates, particularly in the context of inclusive deep inelastic scattering on a ${}_{82}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ nucleus. While prior studies have predominantly focused on elastic scattering, our investigation extends to the more complex scenarios of inelastic processes within a nuclear medium. Our findings suggest that the cross-section corrections due to QED nuclear medium effects could be substantial, reaching or exceeding the level of experimental precision. This work further compares the effects of single re-scattering events with those of multiple re-scatterings, as particles travel the nuclear volume. We estimate the dominant source of the uncertainties associated with our formalism by varying the scale of the atomic physics where the screening of the electric field of the nucleus happens. This calculation not only contributes to the understanding of QED nuclear medium effects, but also offers a path to a more precise extraction of the process-independent non-perturbative structure of nuclei.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRD(2025)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.