Mon·Feb 10, 2025Monday·February 10, 2025

1. 01*

   Momentum and Matter Matter for Axion Dark Matter Matters on Earth

   Abhishek Banerjee🇺🇸 · Itay M. Bloch🇺🇸 · Quentin Bonnefoy🇫🇷 · Sebastian A. R. Ellis🇨🇭 · Gilad Perez🇮🇱 · Inbar Savoray🇺🇸 · Konstantin Springmann🇮🇱 · Yevgeny V. Stadnik🇦🇺

   We investigate the implications of matter effects to searches for axion Dark Matter on Earth. The finite momentum of axion Dark Matter is crucial to elucidating the effects of Earth on both the axion Dark Matter field value and its gradient. We find that experiments targeting axion couplings compatible with canonical solutions of the strong CP puzzle are likely not affected by Earth's matter effects. However, experiments sensitive to lighter axions with stronger couplings can be significantly affected, with a significant part of the parameter space suffering from a reduced axion field value, and therefore decreased experimental sensitivity. In contrast, the spatial gradient of the axion field can be enhanced along Earth's radial direction, with important implications for ongoing and planned experiments searching for axion Dark Matter.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-ex+1JHEP(2026)·31 citations
2. 02*

   Enhanced Axion-wind near Earth's Surface

   Yeray Garcia del Castillo🇦🇺 · Benjamin Hammett🇩🇪 · Joerg Jaeckel🇩🇪

   Several detection strategies for wave-like dark matter make use of gradients in the dark matter field, e.g. searches for spin-dependent derivative interactions in CASPEr-wind or experiments looking for oscillating forces. These gradients are usually suppressed by the local dark matter velocity $\sim 10^{-3}$. In this note we investigate how these gradients are modified in the presence of additional quadratic interactions of the dark matter field with ordinary matter. In this case the dark matter density and field are modified in the vicinity of Earth, affecting the detection sensitivity due to the change in the local field value at the Earth's surface but also due to the gradient of the field profile itself. We also use this opportunity to present results on the expected field profiles in presence of a non-vanishing relative velocity of the dark matter with respect to Earth. We also comment how this ameliorates the divergences that appear for certain attractive coupling values.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·21 citations
3. 03*

   Precise determination of the properties of $X(3872)$ and of its isovector partner $W_{c1}$

   Teng Ji🇩🇪 · Xiang-Kun Dong🇩🇪 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Christoph Hanhart🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

   We perform a simultaneous fit to BESIII data on $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma (D^0{\bar{D}}^0{\pi }^0/J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ and LHCb data on $B^{+}\to K^{+}(J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ to precisely determine the properties of the $X(3872)$, with full consideration of three-body effects from $D^{\ast }\to D\pi$ decay, respecting both analyticity and unitarity. The $X(3872)$ is determined to be a quasi-bound state with a significance of $2.7\sigma$, representing the most precise determination to date. Its pole is located at $\left(-160_{-74}^{+57}-125_{-38}^{+23}i\right)\mathrm{keV}$, relative to the nominal $D^0{\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$ threshold. Moreover, we confirm the presence of an isovector partner state, $W_{c1}$. It is found as a virtual state at $\left(3.1\pm 0.7+1.3_{-0.6}^{+1.9}i\right)\mathrm{MeV}$ relative to the $D^{+}{D}^{\ast -}$ threshold on an unphysical Riemann sheet, strongly supporting a molecular nature of both $X(3872)$ and $W_{c1}$. As a highly nontrivial prediction we show that the $W_{c1}$ leads to nontrivial lineshapes around 3.88 GeV in $B^0\to K^{0}X(3872)\to K^0{D}^0{\bar{D}}^0{\pi }^0$ and $K^{0}J/\psi {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ -- thus the scheme presented here can be tested further by improved measurements.

   hep-phhep-exhep-lat25 citations
4. 04*

   Chiral effective model of cold and dense two-color QCD: The linear sigma model approach

   Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵

   This review is devoted to summarizing recent developments of the linear sigma model (LSM) in cold and dense two-color QCD (QC${}_2$D), in which lattice simulations are straightforwardly applicable thanks to the disappearance of the sign problem. In QC${}_2$D, both theoretical and numerical studies derive the presence of the so-called baryon superfluid phase at sufficiently large chemical potential (${\mu }_q$), where diquark condensates govern the ground state. The hadron mass spectrum simulated in this phase shows that the mass of an iso-singlet ($I=0$) and $0^{-}$ state is remarkably reduced, but such a mode cannot be described by the chiral perturbation theory. Motivated by this fact, I invent the LSM constructed upon the linear representation of chiral symmetry, or more precisely the Pauli-Gürsey symmetry. Then, it is shown that my LSM successfully reproduces the low-lying hadron mass spectrum in a broad range of ${\mu }_q$ simulated on the lattice. As applications of the LSM, topological susceptibility and sound velocity in cold and dense QC${}_2$D are evaluated to compare with lattice results. Besides, generalized Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation and hardon mass spectrum in the presence of a diquark source are analyzed. I also introduce an extended version of the LSM incorporating spin-$1$ hadrons.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thSymmetry(2025)·10 citations
5. 05*

   Flavor Constraints in a Generational Three Higgs Doublet Model

   Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · Kevin Toner🇺🇸

   We propose a Three Higgs Doublet Model (3HDM) that goes beyond natural flavor conservation and in which each of the three Higgs doublets couples mainly to a single generation of fermions via non-standard Yukawa structures. A hierarchy in the vacuum expectation values of the three Higgs doublets can partially address the SM flavor puzzle. In light of the experimentally observed $125$ GeV Higgs boson, we primarily work within a 3HDM alignment limit such that a Standard Model-like Higgs is recovered. In order to reproduce the observed CKM mixing among quarks, the neutral Higgs bosons of the theory necessarily mediate flavor changing neutral currents at the tree level. We consider constraints from neutral kaon, $B$ meson, and $D$ meson mixing as well as from the rare leptonic decays $B_s/B^0/K_L\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}/e^{+}{e}^{-}$. We identify regions of parameter space in which the new physics Higgs bosons can be as light as a TeV or even lighter.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
6. 06*

   The generic basis and flavour non-universal SMEFT

   Alakabha Datta🇺🇸 · Jean-François Fortin🇨🇦 · Jacky Kumar🇺🇸 · David London🇨🇦 · Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · Nicolas Sanfaçon

   Whenever an anomaly in the flavour sector appears, analyses are performed examining whether it can be explained by adding a small number of carefully-chosen flavour non-universal four-fermion SMEFT operators. These analyses are typically carried out in the down or the up basis, i.e., it is assumed that the weak and mass eigenstates are the same for the left-handed down-type or up-type quarks. In these bases, there is no dependence on the matrices that transform from the weak to the mass basis, and which are unmeasurable in the Standard Model. In this paper, we argue that it is better to use a generic weak basis, in which no assumptions about the alignment of weak and mass eigenstates are made. The analysis now directly includes elements of the transformation matrices. By doing a fit to the data, it is possible to both determine if the flavour anomaly can be explained and extract the transformation matrices. In principle, this can be extended to a complete reconstruction of the Yukawa matrices.

   hep-ph3 citations
7. 07*

   Analytic formulae for T violation in neutrino oscillations

   Osamu Yasuda🇯🇵

   Recently, a concept known as $\mu$TRISTAN, which involves the acceleration of ${\mu }^{+}$, has been proposed. This initiative has led to considerations of a new design for a neutrino factory. Additionally, leveraging the polarization of ${\mu }^{+}$, measurements of T violation in neutrino oscillations are also being explored. In this paper, we present analytical expressions for T violation in neutrino oscillations within the framework of standard three flavor neutrino oscillations, a scenario involving nonstandard interactions, and a case of unitarity violation. We point out that examining the energy spectrum of T violation may be useful for probing new physics effects.

   hep-phEntropy(2024)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Semileptonic kaon decays and the precise determination of $V_{us}$

   Chien-Yeah Seng🇺🇸

   I will give a brief overview of the Standard Model theory inputs needed for the precise determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $V_{us}$ from semileptonic kaon decays, focusing on the long-distance electromagnetic corrections. I will then describe our recent effort to pin down this correction at sub-permille level, which further sharpens the so-called ``Cabibbo angle anomaly'', an interesting observation which may point towards new physics.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPoS(2026)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Lepton flavor violation in the Majorana and Dirac scotogenic models

   Raghavendra Srikanth Hundi🇮🇳

   In this work we have considered two minimal versions of scotogenic models, where neutrinos acquire masses through a radiative mechanism. We call these two models as Majorana and Dirac scotogenic models. In the former model, neutrinos have Majorana nature, and in the later one, neutrinos are Dirac particles. These two models are related to each other in terms of additional fields and symmetries of the model. Hence, to compare these two models in future experiments, we have analyzed lepton flavor violating (LFV) processes in both of them, in the charged lepton sector. We have found that the 3-body LFV decays in both these models can get different contributions. Among all the LFV decays and after satisfying relevant constraints, we have found that $\tau \to 3\mu$ can have a branching ratio as high as $10^{-10}(10^{-11})$ in the Majorana(Dirac) scotogenic model.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·1 citation
10. 10*

    The Czech Particle Physics Project

    Andre Sopczak (Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia and Ulrich Bonse Visiting Chair for Instrumentation, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany) · Peter Zacik (Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czechia)

    We present the status of the Czech Particle Physics Project (CPPP). The CPPP is a learning tool in masterclasses aimed at high school students (aged 15 to 18). The project is structured in modules. The first module is dedicated to the detection of an Axion-Like-Particle (ALP) using the ATLAS Forward Proton (AFP) detector. The second module focuses on the reconstruction of the Higgs boson mass using the Higgs boson golden channel with four leptons in the final state. The third and fourth modules are educational aids and sources for expert information. These web portals are dedicated to Higgs boson research and searches for Supersymmetry. Two databases are created with more than 1000 relevant articles each, using the CERN Document Server API and web scraping methods. The databases are automatically updated when new results on Higgs bosons or searches for Supersymmetric particles become available. Using artificial intelligence and natural language processing, the articles are categorized according to properties of the results. The modules are accessible at https://cern.ch/cppp.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Identification of $tqg$ flavor-changing neutral current interactions using machine learning techniques

    Byeonghak Ko🇰🇷 · Jeewon Heo🇰🇷 · Woojin Jang🇰🇷 · Jason S. H. Lee🇰🇷 · Youn Jung Roh🇰🇷 · Ian James Watson🇰🇷 · Seungjin Yang🇰🇷

    Flavor-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are forbidden at tree level in the Standard Model (SM), but they can be enhanced in physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM) scenarios.In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of deep learning techniques to enhance the sensitivity of current and future collider experiments to the production of a top quark and an associated parton through the $tqg$ FCNC process, which originates from the $tug$ and $tcg$ vertices. The $tqg$ FCNC events can be produced with a top quark and either an associated gluon or quark, while SM only has events with a top quark and an associated quark. We apply machine learning techniques to distinguish the $tqg$ FCNC events from the SM backgrounds, including $qg$-discrimination variables. We use the Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) method as a baseline classifier, assuming that the leading jet originates from the associated parton. We compare with a Transformer-based deep learning method known as the Self-Attention for Jet-parton Assignment (SAJA) network, which allows us to include information from all jets in the event, regardless of their number, eliminating the necessity to match the associated parton to the leading jet. The \SaJa\ network with qg-discrimination variables has the best performance, giving expected upper limits on the branching ratios Br($t\to qg$) that are 25-35\% lower than those from the BDT method.

    hep-phJ.Korean Phys.Soc.(2025)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Is Dark Matter the origin of the $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$ excess at Belle II?

    Lorenzo Calibbi🇨🇳 · Tong Li🇨🇳 · Lopamudra Mukherjee🇨🇳 · Michael A. Schmidt🇦🇺

    We present two models of dark matter (DM) that can provide a natural explanation of the excess of $B^{+}\to K^{+}+\text{invisible}$ events with respect to the Standard Model (SM) prediction for $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$, which has been reported by the Belle II collaboration. Interactions between the dark and the visible sector are mediated by an axion-like particle (ALP) in one case, by the kinetic mixing between a dark photon and the SM photon in the second case. Both models encompass a light fermion singlet as the DM candidate and can account for the observed DM relic abundance through, respectively, the freeze-in and the freeze-out production mechanism, while simultaneously explaining the Belle II excess.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·27 citations
13. 13*

    Speed of sound in Kaluza-Klein Fermi gas

    Anna Horváth🇭🇺 · Emese Forgács-Dajka🇭🇺 · Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi🇭🇺

    A five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein spacetime model is considered, with one extra compactified spatial dimension. The equation of state of an electrically neutral, zero-temperature Fermi gas with a repulsive linear potential is described. From the equation of state, the speed of sound squared is calculated and shown for different model parameters. Its properties are studied from lower energies up to the conformal limit.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Short Note on Spin Magnetization in QGP

    Andrew Steinmetz🇺🇸 · Johann Rafelski🇺🇸

    We outline the theory of spin magnetization applicable to the QGP (quark-gluon plasma) epoch of the Universe. We show that a fully spin-polarized single flavor up-quark gas could generate a cosmic magnetic fields in excess of $10^{15}$ Tesla, far in excess of a possible upper limit to the primordial field. The complete multi component ferro-magnetized primordial fermion gas we consider consists of (five) nearly free electrically charged quarks, and leptons (electrons, muons, tau). We present details of how the magnetization is obtained using a grand partition function approach and point to the role of the nonrelativistic particle component. In the range of temperature 150 MeV to 500 MeV our results are also of interest to laboratory QGP experiments. We show that the required polarization capable to explain large scale structure magnetic fields observed has $1/T$ scaling in the limit of high $T$, and could be very small, at pico-scale. In the other limit, as temperature decreases in the expanding Universe, we show that any magnetic fields present before hadronization can be carried forward to below quark confinement condition temperature by polarization of electrons and muons.

    hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-thphysics.plasm-phEur.Phys.J.ST(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Neutrino spin oscillations near a black hole

    Mridupawan Deka🇷🇺 · Maxim Dvornikov🇷🇺

    In this work, we study neutrino spin oscillations in the case when they are gravitationally scattered off a rotating Kerr black hole surrounded by a thick magnetized accretion disk. We consider only toroidal magnetic field inside the disk. Neutrino spin precession is caused by the interaction of the neutrino magnetic moment with the magnetic field in the disk. Our treatment of the spin oscillations of the observed neutrino fluxes is based on numerical simulations of the propagation of a large number of incoming test neutrinos using High Performance Parallel Computing. We briefly discuss our results and their applications in the observations of astrophysical neutrinos.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPhys.Atom.Nucl.(2025)·3 citations
16. 16*

    Limits on New Lorentz-violating Bosons

    P. Carenza🇸🇪 · J. Jaeckel🇩🇪 · G. Lucente🇺🇸 · T. K. Poddar🇮🇹 · N. Sherrill🇬🇧 · M. Spannowsky🇬🇧

    We obtain novel constraints on new scalar fields interacting with Standard Model fermions through Lorentz-violating couplings, bridging searches for scalar particles and Lorentz-symmetry tests. These constraints arise from torsion-balance experiments, magnetometer searches, and an excessive energy loss in Red Giant stars. Torsion-balance experiments impose stringent constraints, benefitting from large macroscopic sources including the Sun and Earth. Magnetometer-based searches, which detect pseudo-magnetic fields through spin precession, offer additional limiting power to low-mass scalar fields. Meanwhile, observations of Red Giant stars place strong limits on additional energy loss mechanisms, extending these constraints to higher scalar mass ranges and a wider range of Lorentz-violating couplings. Combining data from laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations, this approach strengthens constraints on Lorentz-violating interactions and paves the way for future investigations into physics beyond the Standard Model.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRJHEP(2025)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Fermions and the Renormalisation Group at Large N

    Charlie Cresswell-Hogg🇬🇧 · Daniel F. Litim🇬🇧

    We investigate fermionic quantum field theories using functional renormalisation. In the limit of many fermion flavours $N$, we demonstrate that theories have exact solutions for their quantum effective actions given by quasi-local interaction functionals of fermion bilinears. The structure implies that local potential approximations are exact, exactly solvable, and that field anomalous dimensions vanish. Theories with non-trivial anomalous dimensions may also arise under conditions that are identified. We further demonstrate that higher derivative interactions are inevitably induced by point-like ones, including at large-$N$. The local potential flows for fermionic theories with the most general $U(N)$ symmetric interactions are provided. For sample theories with scalar, pseudo-scalar, vector, or axial-vector interactions, we identify conformal fixed points, scaling dimensions, conformal manifolds, and quantum-induced shifts in scaling dimensions of higher derivative interactions. We also study fermion mass generation, and subleading modifications due to finite $N$ corrections. Implications for conformal field theories, and applications in condensed matter and particle physics are indicated.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
18. 18*

    Clash of the Titans: ultra-high energy KM3NeT event versus IceCube data

    Shirley Weishi Li🇺🇸 · Pedro Machado🇺🇸 · Daniel Naredo-Tuero🇪🇸 · Thomas Schwemberger🇺🇸

    KM3NeT has reported the detection of a remarkably high-energy through-going muon. Lighting up about a third of the detector, this muon likely originated from a neutrino exceeding 10 PeV in energy. The crucial question we need to answer is where this event comes from and what its source is. Intriguingly, IceCube has been operating with a much larger effective area for a considerably longer time, yet it has not reported neutrinos above 10~PeV. We quantify the tension between the KM3NeT event and the absence of similar high-energy events in IceCube. Through a detailed analysis, we determine the most likely neutrino energy to be in the range of 23 - 2400 PeV. We find a $3.5\sigma$ tension between the two experiments, assuming the neutrino is from the diffuse isotropic neutrino flux. Alternatively, assuming the event is of cosmogenic origin and considering three representative models, this tension still falls within 3.1 - 3.6$\sigma$. The least disfavored scenario is a steady or transient point source, though still leading to $2.9\sigma$ and $2.0\sigma$ tensions, respectively. The lack of observation of high-energy events in IceCube seriously challenges the explanation of this event coming from any known diffuse fluxes. Our results indicate the KM3NeT event is likely the first observation of a new astrophysical source.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phPLB(2026)·72 citations
19. 19*

    Investigating effects of the electrical conductivity of QCD matter on charge-dependent directed flow

    Nicholas J. Benoit🇯🇵 · Takahiro Miyoshi🇯🇵 · Chiho Nonaka🇯🇵 · Hiroyuki R. Takahashi🇯🇵

    Charge dependent directed flow is an important observable of electromagnetic fields in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate how the difference in charge dependent directed flows between protons and antiprotons is sensitive to the resistivity, inverse of quark-gluon plasma's electric conductivity, over different collision centralities. Our model numerically solves the 3+1D relativistic resistive magneto-hydrodynamic (RRMHD) equations, assuming the electric conductivity to be a scalar. For this work, we focus on symmetric Au + Au collisions at the top RHIC energy of $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV. We illustrate the time evolution of the electromagnetic fields in our model and connect that to the charge dependent directed flow results. Our results highlight the importance of modeling quark-gluon plasma's electric conductivity for charge dependent observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2025)·6 citations
20. 20*

    Lattice perspectives on doubly heavy tetraquarks

    Anthony Francis🇹🇼

    Doubly heavy tetraquarks have emerged as new probes to study the heavy hadron spectrum. With the experimental observation of the $J^P=1^{+}$ $T_{cc}^{+}$, they pose a unique opportunity to bring together efforts in experiment, phenomenology, and lattice QCD. In lattice calculations they are accessible as ground states, unlike hidden flavor tetraquarks, and this enables accurate determinations of the scattering parameters alongside the binding energies of these tetraquarks. Today, lattice calculations firmly predict $J^P=1^{+}$ $T_{bb}^{ud}$ and $T_{bb}^{us}$ as QCD bound states, while recent studies approaching the $J^P=1^{+}$ $T_{cc}^{ud}$ find it to be a virtual bound state at slightly non-physical input quark masses. Studies of the $J^P=1^{+}$ $T_{bc}^{ud}$ are ongoing and a new focus area. In light of these developments the evolution of this field until this point is reviewed. Emphasis is put on the methods in lattice spectroscopy that enable a robust evaluation of the lattice studies gathered. They are further reviewed towards their limitations and achievements. Current challenges and opportunities are discussed, including possibilities to approach the left-hand cut in the scattering analysis of the charm candidates and towards understanding the structure of those including two bottom quarks.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPPNP(2025)·26 citations
21. 21*

    Is there a chiral dark dynamo in the universe induced by quantum correction, Nieh-Yan gravity and Barbero-Immirzi field?

    Zhi Fu Gao🇨🇳 · Biao Peng Li🇨🇳 · L.C. Garcia de Andrade🇧🇷

    Bombagcino investigated the role of Immirzi parameter when promoted to a field in Einstein-Cartan-Holst black hole and they found that the Immirzi field acts similar to the axion field, as both axial pseudo-vector and vectorial torsion trace appear to be expressed in terms of the 4-gradient of the Immirzi parameter. In this paper we introduced two important ingredients absent in the previous work: the torsion mass, significant for the torsion detection the Large Hadron Collider, and the quantum correction proportional to the 4-divergent of torsion squared. Without the quantum correction, a simple analytical solution is obtained, while the more complicated field equations incorporating the BI field are obtained also analytically. The lower bound of quantum correction parameter is determined in terms of the torsion trace mass squared and axial torsion squared. Our findings reveal that in the late universe, the BI parameter approaches infinity restoring to the Einstein-Cartan theory in the early universe with the dynamical reduction of the Immirzi parameter to a constant BI parameter. Additionally, we derive analytical solutions for magnetic dynamos in the early universe, demonstrating that magnetic helicity is proportional to chiral chemical potential. A magnetic field at the QCD phase is found out of $10^{17}$ G, without quantum correction. Furthermore, from this dark magnetogenesis, we estimate light torsion with mass of the order of 1 TeV, An example of unitary preserved Lagrangian with axion as an Immirzi field is obtained. In the present universe we find a magnetic field strength of approximately $10^{-12}$ G which is quite close to the range found by Miniati at the QCD threshold, between $10^{-18}-10^{-15}$ G. Given that unitary violation on theoretical grounds may indicate new physics, exploring unitary violations in dark magnetogenesis could be particularly intriguing.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph2 citations
22. 22*

    Observational constraints on vector-like dark energy

    C. S. C. M. Coelho🇵🇹 · A.-L. Y. Gschrey🇩🇪 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹

    The canonical cosmological model to explain the recent acceleration of the universe relies on a cosmological constant, and most dynamical dark energy and modified gravity model alternatives are based on scalar fields. Still, further alternatives are possible. One of these involves vector fields: under certain conditions, they can lead to accelerating universes while preserving large-scale homogeneity and isotropy. We report quantitative observational constraints on a model previously proposed by Armendáriz-Picón and known as the cosmic triad. We consider several subclasses of the model, which generically is a parametric extension of the canonical $\Lambda$CDM model, as well as two possible choices of the triad's potential. Our analysis shows that any deviations from this limit are constrained to be small. In particular the preferred present-day values of the matter density and the dark energy equation of state are fully consistent with those obtained, for the same datasets, in flat $\Lambda$CDM and $w_0$CDM. The constraints mildly depend on the priors on the dark energy equation of state, specifically on whether phantom values thereof are allowed, while the choice of potential does not play a significant role since any such potential is constrained to be relatively flat.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
23. 23*

    Robustness of dark energy phenomenology across different parameterizations

    William J. Wolf🇬🇧 · Carlos García-García🇬🇧 · Pedro G. Ferreira🇬🇧

    The recent evidence for dynamical dark energy from DESI, in combination with other cosmological data, has generated significant interest in understanding the nature of dark energy and its underlying microphysics. However, interpreting these results critically depends on how dark energy is parameterized. This paper examines the robustness of conclusions about the viability of particular kinds of dynamical dark energy models to the choice of parameterization, focusing on four popular two-parameter models: the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP), Barboza-Alcaniz (BA), and exponential (EXP) parameterizations. We find that conclusions regarding the viability of minimally and non-minimally coupled quintessence models are independent of the parameterization adopted. We demonstrate this both by mapping these dark energy models into the $(w_0,w_a)$ parameter space defined by these various parameterizations and by showing that all of these parameterizations can equivalently account for the phenomenology predicted by these dark energy models to a high degree of accuracy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·119 citations
24. 24*

    Flavor mixing in charmonium and light mesons with optimal distillation profiles

    Juan Andrés Urrea-Niño🇩🇪 · Jacob Finkenrath🇨🇭 · Roman Höllwieser🇩🇪 · Francesco Knechtli🇩🇪 · Tomasz Korzec🇩🇪 · Michael Peardon🇮🇪

    We study the light meson - charmonium - glueball mixing using flavor-singlet meson operators built from optimal distillation profiles together with purely gluonic operators in different $J^{PC}$ channels at two different pion masses ($\approx$ $420$, $800$ MeV) in two $N_{\mathrm{f}}=3+1$ ensembles at close to physical charm quark mass. We observe non-zero mixing correlations between the different types of operators and quantify the overlaps between states created by them and the energy eigenstates by means of a GEVP formulation. We are particularly interested in the scalar glueball and its possible decay into two pions so we also include two-pion operators in our calculation.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Refining Integration-by-Parts Reduction of Feynman Integrals with Machine Learning

    Matt von Hippel🇩🇰 · Matthias Wilhelm🇩🇰

    Integration-by-parts reductions of Feynman integrals pose a frequent bottle-neck in state-of-the-art calculations in theoretical particle and gravitational-wave physics, and rely on heuristic approaches for selecting integration-by-parts identities, whose quality heavily influences the performance. In this paper, we investigate the use of machine-learning techniques to find improved heuristics. We use funsearch, a genetic programming variant based on code generation by a Large Language Model, in order to explore possible approaches, then use strongly typed genetic programming to zero in on useful solutions. Both approaches manage to re-discover the state-of-the-art heuristics recently incorporated into integration-by-parts solvers, and in one example find a small advance on this state of the art.

    ↳ hep-thcs.LGhep-phJHEP(2025)·29 citations
26. 26*

    Collision energy dependence in heavy ion collisions from nonlinear QCD evolution

    Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

    We explore the effects of including the energy dependence determined from evolution equations within the color glass condensate framework on observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This amounts to integrating the JIMWLK evolution equations into the IP-Glasma model, which is then coupled to viscous relativistic hydrodynamics. This methodology allows for a systematic representation of nuclei at specific Bjorken-$x$ values, which are probed at different center-of-mass energies of the collision and rapidities of final state particles. Comparing to the conventional IP-Glasma model, we find significant effects on multiplicity distributions and particle spectra, especially in smaller collision systems at the highest center of mass energies. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating nonlinear QCD evolution in the description of heavy ion collisions at varying center of mass energies, as the precise extraction of transport coefficients will be affected. This work establishes a robust framework for understanding the quark gluon plasma and nuclear structure at high energy, integrating small-$x$ physics into the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRL(2025)·22 citations
27. 27*

    Observation of a dynamic magneto-chiral instability in photoexcited tellurium

    Yijing Huang🇨🇳 · Nick Abboud🇺🇸 · Yinchuan Lv🇨🇳 · Penghao Zhu · Azel Murzabekova · Changjun Lee🇰🇷 · Emma A. Pappas · Dominic Petruzzi · Jason Y. Yan🇨🇳 · Dipanjan Chauduri · Peter Abbamonte🇺🇸 · Daniel P. Shoemaker and 3 other authors

    In a system of charged chiral fermions driven out of equilibrium, an electric current parallel to the magnetic field can generate a dynamic instability by which electromagnetic waves become amplified. Whether a similar instability can occur in chiral solid-state systems remains an open question. Using time-domain terahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy, we detect signatures of what we dub a ``dynamic magneto-chiral instability" in elemental tellurium, a structurally chiral crystal. Upon transient photoexcitation in a moderate external magnetic field, tellurium emits THz radiation consisting of coherent modes that amplify over time. An explanation for this amplification is proposed using a theoretical model based on a dynamic instability of electromagnetic waves interacting with infrared-active oscillators of impurity acceptor states in tellurium to form an amplifying polariton. Our work not only uncovers the presence of a magneto-chiral instability but also highlights its promise for THz-wave amplification in chiral materials.

    ↳ cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.stat-mechhep-ph+1Nat.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
28. 28*

    Searching for Inflationary Physics with the CMB Trispectrum: 2. Code & Validation

    Oliver H. E. Philcox🇺🇸

    To unlock the vast potential of the CMB trispectrum, we require both robust estimators and efficient computational tools. In this work, we introduce the public code PolySpec: a suite of quartic estimators designed to measure the amplitudes of a wide variety of inflationary templates, including local non-Gaussianity, effective field theory models, direction-dependent trispectra, spinning massive particle exchange, and weak gravitational lensing. PolySpec includes a python/cython implementation of each estimator derived in Paper 1 and has been carefully optimized to ensure efficient use of computational resources. We perform a broad range of validation tests, which demonstrate that the estimator is unbiased and minimum-variance, both in Gaussian and non-Gaussian regimes. In addition, we forecast constraints on various types of trispectra; this highlights the utility of CMB polarization and demonstrates that many models of primordial physics are poorly correlated with the simple templates considered in previous studies. This work lays the foundation for the Planck trispectrum analyses performed in Paper 3.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·21 citations
29. 29*

    Neutrino Mass Constraints from kSZ Tomography

    Avery J. Tishue🇺🇸 · Selim C. Hotinli🇨🇦 · Peter Adshead🇺🇸 · Ely D. Kovetz🇮🇱 · Mathew S. Madhavacheril🇺🇸

    We forecast neutrino mass constraints using Stage IV CMB and large-scale structure surveys, focusing on kSZ tomography as an independent probe of the growth of cosmic structure. We take into account several realistic factors, including the kSZ optical depth degeneracy. Our baseline setup consists of CMB S4 temperature and polarization (but not lensing) information, DESI BAO, the LSST galaxy power spectrum, and a Planck like $\tau$ prior, yielding $\sigma (\sum m_{\nu })=32\mathrm{meV}$. Adding kSZ tomography improves this by a few percent, while a kSZ optical depth prior can push this improvement to over $15\%$, giving $\sigma (\sum m_{\nu })=27\mathrm{meV}$. When CMB lensing is included in the baseline setup, kSZ does not further improve neutrino mass constraints. We find promising prospects for a scenario combining futuristic CMB and galaxy surveys.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
30. 30*

    Deviations from the von Laue condition: Implications for the on-shell Lagrangian of particles and fluids

    S. R. Pinto🇵🇹 · P. P. Avelino🇵🇹

    According to the von Laue condition, the volume integral of the proper pressure inside isolated particles with a fixed structure and finite mass vanishes in the Minkowski limit of general relativity. In this work, we consider a simple illustrative example: nonstandard static global monopoles with finite energy, for which the von Laue condition is satisfied when the proper pressure is integrated over the whole space. We demonstrate, however, that the absolute value of this integral, when calculated up to a finite distance from the center of the global monopole, generally deviates from zero by no more than the energy located outside the specified volume (under the assumption of the dominant energy condition). Furthermore, we find that the maximum deviation from unity of the ratio between the volume averages of the on-shell Lagrangian and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor cannot exceed three times the outer energy fraction. Extending these results to real particles, we demonstrate that these constraints generally hold for finite-mass systems with fixed structure, including stable atomic nuclei, provided the dominant energy condition is satisfied. Specifically, we show that, except in extremely dense environments with energy densities comparable to that of the particles themselves, the volume average of the aforementioned ratio must be extremely close to unity. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of our findings for the form of the on-shell Lagrangian of real fluids, which is often a crucial element for accurately modeling the dynamics of the gravity and matter, especially in scenarios involving nonminimal couplings to other matter fields or gravity. We find that, in general, the ideal gas on-shell Lagrangian provides an accurate approximation of the true on-shell Lagrangian, even for nonideal gases with significant interparticle interactions.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.