Thu·Jan 2, 2025Thursday·January 2, 2025

1. 01*

   Topological Leptogenesis

   Juven Wang🇬🇧

   In the standard lore, the baryon asymmetry of the present universe is attributed to the leptogenesis from the sterile right-handed neutrino with heavy Majorana mass decaying into the Standard Model's leptons at the very early universe -- called the Majorana fermion's leptogenesis; while the electroweak sphaleron causes baryogenesis at a later time. In this work, we propose a new mechanism, named topological leptogenesis, to explain the lepton asymmetry. Topological leptogenesis replaces some of the sterile neutrinos by introducing a new gapped topological order sector (whose low-energy exhibits topological quantum field theory with long-range entanglement) that can cancel the baryon minus lepton $(\mathbf{B}-\mathbf{L})$ mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly of the Standard Model. Then the Beyond-the-Standard-Model dark matter consists of topological quantum matter, such that the gapped non-particle excitations of extended line and surface defect with fractionalization and anyon charges can decay into the Standard Model particles. In addition, gravitational leptogenesis can be regarded as an intermediate step (between Majorana particle leptogenesis and topological non-particle leptogenesis) to mediate such decaying processes from the highly entangled gapped topological order excitations.

   hep-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.str-elgr-qc+1PRResearch(2026)·6 citations
2. 02*

   LHC and HL-LHC Bounds on Visible and Invisible Decays in the $B-L$ Model

   Farinaldo S. Queiroz🇧🇷 · Jilberto Zamora-Saa🇨🇱 · Ricardo C. Silva🇧🇷 · Y.M. Oviedo-Torres🇨🇱

   In this work, we use publicly available data from ATLAS collaboration collected at LHC run 2 at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$TeV with an integrated luminosity of $139f{b}^{-1}$ to derive lower mass limits on the $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson associated with the B-L gauge symmetry. Using dilepton data we find that $M_{Z^{\prime }}>4$TeV ($6$TeV) for $g_{BL}=0.1$ ($g_{BL}=0.5$) in the absence of invisible decays. Once invisible decays are turned on these limits are substantially relaxed. Assuming an invisible branching ratio of $B{R}_{inv}=0.9$, the LHC bound is loosened up to $M_{Z^{\prime }}>4.8$TeV for $g_{BL}=0.5$. This analysis confirms that the LHC now imposes stricter constraints than the longstanding bounds established by LEP. We also estimate the projected HL-LHC bounds that will operate with at $\sqrt{s}=14$TeV and a planned integrated luminosity of $\mathcal{L}=3a{b}^{-1}$ that will probe $Z^{\prime }$ masses up to $7.5$TeV.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Uncertainties in tellurium-based dark matter searches stemming from nuclear structure uncertainties

   Daniel J. Heimsoth🇺🇸 · Rebecca Kowalski🇺🇸 · Danielle H. Speller🇺🇸 · Calvin W. Johnson🇺🇸 · A. Baha Balantekin🇺🇸 · Susan N. Coppersmith🇦🇺

   Using tellurium dioxide as a target, we calculate uncertainties on 90% upper confidence limits of Galilean effective field theory (Galilean EFT) couplings to a weakly-interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter candidate due to uncertainties in nuclear shell models. We find that these uncertainties in naturally-occurring tellurium isotopes are comparable across the different Galilean EFT couplings to uncertainties in xenon, with some reaching over 100%. We also consider the effect these nuclear uncertainties have on estimates of the annual modulation of dark matter from these searches, finding that the uncertainties in the modulation amplitude are proportional to the non-modulating upper confidence limit uncertainties. We also show that the determination of the modulation phase is insensitive to changes in the nuclear model for a given isotope.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Testing the Froggatt-Nielsen Mechanism with Lepton Flavor and Number Violating Processes

   Claudia Cornella🇨🇭 · David Curtin🇨🇦 · Gordan Krnjaic🇺🇸 · Micah Mellors🇨🇦

   The Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism offers an elegant explanation for the observed masses and mixings of Standard Model fermions. In this work, we systematically study FN models in the lepton sector, identifying a broad range of charge assignments ("textures") that naturally yield viable masses and mixings for various neutrino mass generation mechanisms. Using these textures, we consider higher-dimensional operators consistent with a FN origin and find that natural realizations predict distinct patterns in lepton flavor- and number-violating observables. For Dirac and Majorana neutrinos, FN-related correlations can lead to detectable rates of charged lepton flavor violation at next-generation low-energy experiments. Majorana and type-I seesaw models predict measurable rates of neutrinoless double beta decay. Determination of inverted neutrino mass ordering would exclude the Dirac neutrino FN scenario. Only a small minority of purely leptonic FN models predict detectable flavor violation at future muon colliders, though it is possible that a combined analysis with the quark sector will reveal motivated signals. These findings highlight the power of the FN mechanism to link neutrino mass generation to testable leptonic observables, offering new pathways for the experimental exploration of lepton number and underscoring the importance of next-generation low-energy probes.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
5. 05*

   Strangeness in the proton from W+charm production and SIDIS data

   Trey Anderson🇺🇸 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · N. Sato🇺🇸

   We perform a global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton, including new $W+$\,charm production data from $pp$ collisions at the LHC and semi-inclusive pion and kaon production data in lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, both of which have been suggested for constraining the strange quark PDF. Compared with a baseline global fit that does not include these datasets, the new analysis reduces the uncertainty on the strange quark distribution over the range $0.01<x<0.3$, and provides a consistent description of processes sensitive to strangeness in the proton. Including the new datasets, the ratio of strange to nonstrange sea quark distributions is $R_s=(s+\bar{s})/(\bar{u}+\bar{d})=\{0.72_{-0.34}^{+0.52},0.46_{-0.20}^{+0.30},0.32_{-0.15}^{+0.23}\}$ for $x=\{0.01,0.04,0.1\}$ at $Q^2=4$~GeV${}^2$. The data place more stringent constraints on the strange asymmetry $s-\bar{s}$, which is found to be consistent with zero in this range.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·14 citations
6. 06*

   Generic symmetry analysis of charmonium decay

   X.H.Mo🇨🇳

   For charmonium's decaying to the final states involving merely light quarks, in light of SU(3) flavor symmetry, a systematic parametrization scheme is established, which involving binary decays, ternary decays and radiative decays.

   hep-phPLB(2025)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Collins-Soper Kernel in the QCD Instanton Vacuum

   Wei-Yang Liu🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸

   We outline a general framework for evaluating the non-perturbative soft functions in the QCD instanton vacuum. In particular, from the soft function we derive the Collins-Soper (CS) kernel, which drives the rapidity evolution of the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions. The resulting CS kernel, when supplemented with the perturbative contribution, agrees well with recent lattice results and some phenomenological parameterizations. Moreover, our CS kernel depends logarithmically on the large quark transverse separation, providing a key constraint on its phenomenological parametrization. Finally, a lattice calculation can be directly compared to our generic results in Euclidean signature, thus providing a new approach for evaluating the soft function and extracting the CS kernel by analytical continuation.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·10 citations
8. 08*

   Exploring QGP-like phenomena with Charmonia in $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV

   Captain R. Singh🇮🇳 · Partha Bagchi🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳 · Jan-e Alam🇮🇳

   In ultrarelativistic collisions of nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider, the created QCD environment rapidly changes, leading to a non-adiabatic evolution of the quantum states involved. Considering this, we first examine the pre-equilibrium state of QCD matter and its effect on the initially produced charmonium using a temperature-independent Hamiltonian. As the QCD matter reaches local thermal equilibrium, this Hamiltonian transforms to its finite temperature counterpart. To model the pre-equilibrium stage, we use the bottom-up thermalization approach to determine the effective temperature of the QCD matter, followed by a Gubser-type expansion for the thermalized medium. Additionally, we consider collisional damping, gluonic dissociation, and regeneration mechanisms, which specifically modify the charmonium yield in the thermalized medium. Mainly, the gluonic dissociation and collisional damping cause a reduction in the yield conversely, regeneration through gluonic deexcitation enhances the yield of charmonium. Further, we explore the combined effects of these mechanisms on the collective yield of charmonium states with transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) and event multiplicity in the proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Based on our findings, we contend that the combined effects of these mechanisms can serve as a robust probe for determining the possible existence of a thermalized QCD medium in such a small collision system.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Embedding Generalized CP Symmetry in One Zero Texture Neutrino Mass Models

   Priya🇮🇳 · Simran Arora🇮🇳 · B. C. Chauhan🇮🇳

   In this study, we investigate one zero textures within the framework of generalized CP symmetry associated with the complex tribimaximal matrix. By combining these approaches, we derive predictive neutrino mass matrices and establish correlations between different parameters. Future long-baseline experiments, including NO$\nu$A, DUNE, and Hyper-Kamiokande, will provide a test of the predictions for the atmospheric mixing angle arising from this analysis. We also analyze the implications for neutrinoless double beta decay in the context of one-zero textures, in light of current and future experimental data. Our analysis indicates that the sum of the three neutrino masses in the inverted hierarchy is inconsistent with the cosmological bounds from Planck data ($\Sigma m_i<0.12\text{eV}$). In addition, constraints from the DESI/SDSS+Pantheon+DES-SN dataset ($\Sigma m_i<0.17\text{eV}$) within the $\Lambda$CDM + Fluid DR + $\sum m_{\nu }$ framework at 95\% confidence level also disfavor the inverted hierarchy. In addition, constraints from the DESI experiment ($\Sigma m_i<0.072$eV) may rule out all matrices in the $X_1$ case except $m_I$, and in the $X_2$ scenario except $m_I$, $m_{II}$, and $m_{III}$. Thus, the improved cosmological observations on $\Sigma m_i$ shall have decisive implications for viability of this class of model.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Trilepton and tetralepton bound and resonant states: the QED counterpart of multiquark states

    Yao Ma🇨🇳 · Lu Meng🇩🇪 · Liang-Zhen Wen🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

    This work presents the first prediction of tetralepton resonant states containing muons, extending beyond the simplest tetralepton system, dipositronium (${\mathrm{Ps}}_2$). With the rapid advancements in experimental facilities, the production and study of these intriguing states may be within reach. We perform a comprehensive analysis of S-wave trilepton and tetralepton systems within the framework of a QED Coulomb potential. We employ the Gaussian expansion method to solve the three- or four-body Schrödinger equation and utilize the complex scaling method to identify resonant states. We uncover a series of bound and resonant states in the trilepton systems $e^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, $e^{+}{e}^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}$, as well as the tetralepton systems $e^{+}{e}^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}$, ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{-}$, and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}$. The energies of these states range from $-30$ eV to $-1$ eV below the total mass of three or four leptons, with their widths varying from less than $0.01$ eV to approximately $0.07$ eV. Additionally, we calculate the spin configurations and root mean square radii of these states, providing insight into their spatial structures. No bound or resonant states are found in the trilepton $e^{+}{\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}$, ${\mu }^{+}{e}^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ systems, nor in the tetralepton ${\mu }^{+}{e}^{+}{\mu }^{-}{e}^{-}$ system. A comparison with fully heavy tetraquark systems reveals that the additional color degree of freedom in QCD results in the absence of low-energy bound and resonant states. However, this extra degree of freedom allows for a broader range of $J^{PC}$ quantum numbers to produce resonant states, highlighting the rich complexity of QCD systems.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.atom-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Kinematically-enhanced interpolating operators for boosted hadrons

    Rui Zhang🇺🇸 · Anthony V. Grebe🇺🇸 · Daniel C. Hackett🇺🇸 · Michael L. Wagman🇺🇸 · Yong Zhao🇺🇸

    We propose to use interpolating operators for lattice quantum chromodyanmics (QCD) calculations of highly-boosted pions and nucleons with kinematically-enhanced ground-state overlap factors at large momentum. Because this kinematic enhancement applies to the signal but not the variance of the correlation function, these interpolating operators can achieve better signal-to-noise ratios at large momentum. We perform proof-of-principle calculations with boosted pions and nucleons using close-to-physical and larger quark masses to explore the utility of our proposal. Results for effective energies and matrix elements, as well as Lanczos ground-state energy estimators, are consistent with theoretical expectations for signal-to-noise improvement at large momenta.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·33 citations
12. 12*

    Isospin effect on the liquid-gas phase transition for finite nuclei

    S. Mallik🇮🇳

    The phenomenon of nuclear liquid-gas phase transition is a topic of contemporary interest. In heavy-ion collisions, there is no direct way of accessing the thermodynamic variables like pressure, density, free energy, entropy etc., and unambiguous detection of phase transition becomes difficult. A peak in the first order derivative of total multiplicity with respect to temperature (commonly abbreviated as the multiplicity derivative) has been established as a new experimentally accessible signature of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition. In this work, the effect of isospin asymmetry in the fragmenting system, as well as the nuclear equation of state, on the multiplicity derivative and specific heat at constant volume is investigated within the framework of the Canonical Thermodynamical Model (CTM) with a semi-microscopic cluster functional.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exNPA(2025)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Prospects for measuring neutrino mass with 21-cm forest

    Yue Shao🇺🇸 · Guo-Hong Du🇺🇸 · Tian-Nuo Li🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Both particle physics experiments and cosmological observations have been used to explore neutrino properties. Cosmological researches of neutrinos often rely on the early-universe cosmic microwave background observations or other late-universe probes, which mostly focus on large-scale structures. We introduce a distinct probe, the 21-cm forest, that differs from other probes in both time and scale. Actually, the 21-cm forest is a unique tool for studying small-scale structures in the early universe. Below the free-streaming scale, massive neutrinos suppress the matter power spectrum, influencing small-scale fluctuations in the distribution of matter. The one-dimensional (1D) power spectrum of the 21-cm forest can track these fluctuations across different scales, similar to the matter power spectrum, providing an effective method to constrain neutrino mass. Although heating effects in the early universe can also impact the 1D power spectrum of the 21-cm forest, we assess the potential of the 21-cm forest as a tool for measuring neutrino mass, given that the temperature of the intergalactic medium can be constrained using other methods within a certain range. In the ideal scenario, the 21-cm forest observation will have the ability to constrain the total neutrino mass to around 0.1 eV. With the accumulation of observational data and advancements in observational technology, the 21-cm forest holds great promise as an emerging and potent tool for measuring neutrino mass.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPLB(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    First-order phase transition in dynamical 3-flavor QCD at imaginary isospin

    Gergely Endrodi🇩🇪 · Guy D. Moore🇩🇪 · Alessandro Sciarra🇩🇪

    We revisit QCD with three mass-degenerate quark flavors at an imaginary isospin chemical potential set to 4 pi T/3. This choice corresponds to a special point in the parameter space, where the theory possesses an exact Z(3) center symmetry. Through a finite-size scaling analysis, we demonstrate that in this case the finite temperature QCD transition is of first order and entails singular behavior both in the Polyakov loop and in the quark condensate. Our results are based on simulations with stout-smeared staggered quarks and a dedicated multi-histogram analysis.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Estimating the track-reconstruction efficiency in phenomenological proposals of long-lived-particle searches

    Emilie Bertholet🇮🇱 · Abner Soffer🇮🇱

    Phenomenological proposals of searches for new, long-lived particles face a challenge when estimating the reconstruction efficiency of displaced charged-particle tracks. The efficiency depends not only on the charged-particle's momentum vector, but also on its production point in relation to the detector boundary and substructure elements. Phenomenological studies generally do not have access to GEANT4-based simulation, which is used for calculating the efficiency in experimental analyses. To address this need, we have developed TrackEff, a python software package for estimating the track-reconstruction efficiency. The default detector geometry within TrackEff is that of the Belle~II drift chamber. However, tunable parameters enable modification of the geometry to correspond to other tracker configurations. TrackEff uses a simplified model of the tracker to determine the number of detector hits associated with each track. The user can then decide whether the track would be detected based on the number of hits, potentially in association with any other information.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·4 citations
16. 16*

    $B\to \rho \ell \bar{\nu }$ resonance form factors from $B\to \pi \pi \ell \bar{\nu }$ in lattice QCD

    Luka Leskovec🇸🇮 · Stefan Meinel🇺🇸 · Marcus Petschlies🇩🇪 · John Negele🇺🇸 · Srijit Paul🇺🇸 · Andrew Pochinsky🇺🇸

    The decay $B\to \rho \ell \bar{\nu }$ is an attractive process for determining the magnitude of the smallest CKM matrix element, $|V_{ub}|$, and can provide new insights into the origin of the long-standing exclusive-inclusive discrepancy in determinations of this Standard-Model parameter. This requires a nonperturbative QCD calculation of the $B\to \rho$ form factors $V$, $A_0$, $A_1$, and $A_{12}$. The unstable nature of the $\rho$ resonance has prevented precise lattice QCD calculations of these form factors to date. Here, we present the first lattice QCD calculation of the $B\to \rho$ form factors in which the $\rho$ is treated properly as a resonance in $P$-wave $\pi \pi$ scattering. To this end, we use the Lellouch-Lüscher finite-volume formalism to compute the $B\to \pi \pi$ form factors as a function of both momentum transfer and $\pi \pi$ invariant mass, and then analytically continue to the $\rho$ resonance pole. This calculation is performed with $2+1$ dynamical quark flavors at a pion mass of approximately 320 MeV, and demonstrates a clear path toward results at the physical point.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phPRL(2025)·21 citations
17. 17*

    White Paper on Software Infrastructure for Advanced Nuclear Physics Computing

    P. M. Jacobs🇺🇸 · A. Boehnlein🇺🇸 · B. Sawatzky🇺🇸 · J. Carlson🇺🇸 · I. Cloet🇺🇸 · M. Diefenthaler🇺🇸 · R. G. Edwards🇺🇸 · K. Godbey🇺🇸 · W. R. Hix🇺🇸 · K. Orginos🇺🇸 · T. Papenbrock🇺🇸 · M. Ploskon🇺🇸 and 40 other authors

    This White Paper documents the discussion and consensus conclusions of the workshop "Software Infrastructure for Advanced Nuclear Physics Computing" (SANPC 24), which was held at Jefferson Lab on June 20-22, 2024. The workshop brought together members of the US Nuclear Physics community with data scientists and funding agency representatives, to discuss the challenges and opportunities in advanced computing for Nuclear Physics in the coming decade. Opportunities for sustainable support and growth are identified, within the context of existing and currently planned DOE and NSF programs.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.