Wed·Jan 1, 2025Wednesday·January 1, 2025

1. 01*

   Finite width effects in nonleptonic D-decays

   Girish Kumar🇺🇸 · Sudheer Muhammad🇺🇸 · Alexey A. Petrov🇺🇸

   Many analyses of two-body non-leptonic decays of $D$-mesons rely on flavor SU(3) symmetry relations and fits of experimental data of decays rates to extract the universal transition amplitudes. Such fits assume that the final state mesons are well-defined asymptotic states of QCD. We develop a technique to take into account the finite width effects of the final state mesons and study their effects on the extracted values of transition amplitudes.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·0 citations
2. 02*

   Fermi-ball in a multicomponent dark matter framework and its gravitational wave signatures

   Nabarun Chakrabarty🇮🇳 · Indrani Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Himadri Roy🇨🇳

   It has been known that under-abundant dark matter density of an inert doublet can be replenished by an additional dark matter component, say, a fermion. We find that such a scenario can lead to the formation of stable Fermi-balls through coexisting minima of the finite temperature scalar potential. More importantly, we demonstrate that the Fermi-balls contribute sizeably to the dark matter relic density. In addition, the aforesaid coexisting minima open up the possibility of a first-order phase transition. This, in turn, triggers emission of gravitational waves that can be tested at the proposed BBO and U-DECIGO detectors. Therefore, the present study becomes a concrete setup to embed Fermi-balls in a realistic two-component dark matter model, and, to test the same using gravitational wave signatures.

   hep-ph2 citations
3. 03*

   Update on non-unitary mixing in the recent NO$\nu$A and T2K data

   Xin Yue Yu🇨🇦 · Zishen Guan🇨🇦 · Ushak Rahaman🇨🇦 · Nikolina Ilic🇨🇦

   In this paper, we have tested the non-unitary mixing hypothesis with the latest data from NO$\nu$A and T2K experiments. We have also analysed their combined data. We have provided the best-fit values of the standard and non standard parameters after the analysis. $90\%$ limits on the non-unitary mixing parameters have also been provided. The constraints on unitary violation is stronger, compared to the constraints obtained from previous data from NO$\nu$A and T2K. The tension between NO$\nu$A and T2K at the $1\sigma$ for normal mass hierarchy can be reduced for non-unitary mixing due to ${\alpha }_{10}$, albeit for a value of $|{\alpha }_{10}|$ larger than the present global $90\%$ limit. Additionally a study of the future sensitivity of NO$\nu$A, T2K and DUNE has been provided.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thNPB(2026)·6 citations
4. 04*

   UHECR measurements and physics at man-made accelerators: mutual constraints

   Maria Vittoria Garzelli🇩🇪

   Measurements of the products of UHECR interactions with the Earth's atmosphere, as obtained in Extended Air Shower experiments, offer important information concerning hadronic interactions, which for some aspects overlaps and for many others complements the information extracted by measurements of collisions at human-made accelerators. In this contribution I discuss some of the constraints that the UHE astroparticle and accelerator fields exercise one over each other, emphasizing the importance of further new measurements, through new experiments or observations, in both fields.

   hep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2025)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Complete definition of $N\to \Delta$ transition generalized parton distributions

   June-Young Kim🇺🇸 · Kirill M. Semenov-Tian-Shansky🇰🇷 · Ho-Yeon Won🇫🇷 · Sangyeong Son🇰🇷 · Christian Weiss🇺🇸

   We revisit the definition of the leading-twist chiral-even generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for $N\to \Delta$ baryon transitions. We identify and address deficiencies in previous definitions of the transition GPDs inspired by the transition form factors of the vector and axial-vector currents. Through systematic analysis of all possible covariant structures, respecting discrete symmetries and the baryon spinor equations of motion, we derive complete sets of independent structures for the transition matrix elements of the vector and axial-vector partonic operators. They contain additional structures proportional to the light-cone vector, corresponding to transition GPDs of vanishing first moment, which were not included in previous parametrizations. Their presence is confirmed independently by the light-front multipole expansion and the cross-channel SO(3) partial-wave analysis of the transition matrix elements. Our analysis provides a complete definition of the $N\to \Delta$ transition GPDs for use in theoretical and phenomenological studies.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
6. 06*

   Possible explanations of the observed ${\Lambda }_c$ resonances

   Yu-Bin Zhang🇨🇳 · Li-Ye Xiao🇨🇳 · Xian-Hui Zhong🇨🇳

   Inspired by the latest experimental progress, we systematically study the OZI-allowed two-body strong decay properties of $1P$-, $1D$-, $2S$- and $2P$-wave ${\Lambda }_c$ baryons within the $j$-$j$ coupling scheme in the framework of the quark pair creation model. The calculations indicate that: (i) Taking the observed states ${\Lambda }_c(2595{)}^{+}$ and ${\Lambda }_c(2625{)}^{+}$ as the $1P$-wave $\lambda$-modes states ${\Lambda }_c|J^P=1/2^{-},1{⟩}_{\lambda }$ and ${\Lambda }_c|J^P=3/2^{-},1{⟩}_{\lambda }$, respectively, we can reproduce the experimental data well in theory. (ii) Combining with the measured mass and the decay properties of ${\Lambda }_c(2860{)}^{+}$, this excited state can be explained as $1D$-wave $\lambda$-mode state ${\Lambda }_c|J^P=3/2^{+},1{⟩}_{\lambda \lambda }$. (iii) The newly observed state ${\Lambda }_c(2910{)}^{+}$ may be assigned as one of the $1P$-wave $\rho$-mode states ${\Lambda }_c|J^P=3/2^{-},2{⟩}_{\rho }$ or ${\Lambda }_c|J^P=5/2^{-},2{⟩}_{\rho }$. Meanwhile, we notice that the partial decay width ratio between ${\Sigma }_c\pi$ and ${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }\pi$ for the two candidates is significantly different. Hence, experimental progress in this ratio measurement may shed light on the nature of ${\Lambda }_c(2910{)}^{+}$. (iv) According to the properties of ${\Lambda }_c(2765{)}^{+}$, we find that the $2S$-wave $\lambda$-mode state ${\Lambda }_{c1}|J^P=1/2^{+},0{⟩}_{\lambda }$ may be a potential candidate. (v) The $2P$-wave $\lambda$-mode state ${\Lambda }_{c1}|J^P=3/2^{-},1{⟩}_{\lambda }$ is mostly likely to be a good assignment of the controversial state ${\Lambda }_c(2940{)}^{+}$. Both the total decay width and partial decay ratio between $p{D}^0$ and ${\Sigma }_c\pi$ are in good agreement with the observations. (vi) In addition, for the missing ${\Lambda }_c$ excitations, we obtain their strong decay properties and hope that's useful for future experimental exploration.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Fermion Masses and Mixing in Pati-Salam Unification with $S_3$ Modular Symmetry

   Mohamed Belfkir🇦🇪 · Mohamed Amin Loualidi🇦🇪 · Salah Nasri🇦🇪

   Modular invariance has recently paved new promising directions in flavor model building. Motivated by this development, we present in this work the first implementation of the $S_3$ modular symmetry within the Pati-Salam unification framework, addressing the flavor structure of quarks and leptons. Assigning left- and right-handed matter fields as $S_3$ doublets or singlets, we propose three benchmark models that achieve compelling fits to sixteen observables including charged fermion mass ratios and flavor mixing parameters. Light neutrino masses arise via the type-I seesaw mechanism, and neutrino oscillation parameters are explored in light of the latest NuFIT-6.0 results. All models favor a normal neutrino mass ordering, with the atmospheric mixing angle lie in the lower octant. For models I and III, the effective Majorana mass $m_{\beta \beta }$ is within the reach of upcoming neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments, while it is too small to be detected in model II. Predicted leptonic CP-violating phases, the sum of active neutrino masses, and Majorana phases span wide but distinctive ranges, enabling future experiments to test and differentiate the proposed models.

   hep-phPTEP(2025)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Direct Measurement of Dark Matter Mass through the Scattering of a High-Energy Matter Beam

   Bibhabasu De🇮🇳

   The traditional methods of estimating the Dark Matter (DM) mass scale crucially depend on the assumptions about the interaction mechanism between the DM and the Standard Model (SM) sectors, making it challenging to achieve precise mass measurements. However, in case of a successful scattering event of a high-energy matter beam on a DM particle, the DM mass can be directly measured without probing the New Physics (NP) interaction. The present chapter discusses a model-independent kinematical analysis to formulate the DM mass as a function of experimentally observable quantities. The approach can be significant to precisely pin-down the exact mass value of the interacting DM particle and offers insights into the DM-SM interaction strength.

   hep-phhep-ex0 citations
9. 09*

   On Bjorken sum rule: heavy quarks and analytic coupling

   I.R. Gabdrakhmanov🇷🇺 · N.A. Gramotkov🇷🇺 · A.V. Kotikov🇷🇺 · O.V. Teryaev🇷🇺 · D.A. Volkova🇷🇺 · I.A. Zemlyakov🇨🇱

   We present the results of [1], where good agreement was obtained between calculations within the framework of analytic QCD and experimental data on polarized Bjorken sum rule. The heavy quark contributions are taken into account.

   hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.Lett.(2025)·3 citations
10. 10*

    DW-genesis: generating the baryon number from domain walls

    Miguel Vanvlasselaer🇧🇪

    We show that axionic domain walls, when they couple to the lepton number, can generate a net baryon and lepton number through the mechanism of spontaneous baryogenesis. We study systematically the baryon asymmetry produced by these domain walls (DWs) at annihilation, and refer to this process as DW-genesis. We find that the baryon number is maximised when the DW network collapses approximately at the moment when the $L$-violating interaction decouples. We explore the expected gravitational wave signal from the DW network annihilation and the prospects for detecting it, but conclude that successful DW-genesis is typically in tension with observable GW signal. Morever, we briefly discuss a possible suppression induced by the cancellation between the asymmetry created by "opposite" axionic domain walls attached to the string.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Probing $B^{+}\to K^{+}$ semi-leptonic FCNC decay with new physics effects under PQCD approach

    Chao-Qi Zhang🇨🇳 · Jin Sun🇰🇷 · Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳 · Rui-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

    Recently, the Belle II Collaboration reported the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu })=(2.3\pm 0.7)\times 10^{-5}$ with a significance of $3.5\sigma$, which is $2.7\sigma$ above the SM expectation. Motivated by this measurement, we calculate this decay channel at the NLO and twist-3 level using the PQCD approach. By combining the lattice QCD data and our results, we obtain form factors with improved accuracy. Using these form factors, we precisely estimate the branching ratios of $B^{+}\to K^{+}$ semileptonic FCNC decays, including $B^{+}\to K^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$ and $B^{+}\to K^{+}{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$. To explain the anomalies in these two processes, we introduce a leptoquark model as a new physics scenario. Using five possible types of leptoquarks, we successfully explain the latest experimental measurements, and further constraints on the leptoquarks are derived.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·12 citations
12. 12*

    A holographic analysis of the pion

    Jeff Forshaw🇬🇧 · Ruben Sandapen🇨🇦

    Inspired by light-front holography, we compute the pion mass, charge radius, decay constant, electromagnetic form factor and electromagnetic transition form factor. To do so, we model the longitudinal quark dynamics using potentials due to 't Hooft and to Li & Vary. We find a longitudinal wavefunction that is rather more peaked about $x\sim 1/2$ than in previous studies. We also explore the strong degeneracy between these two potentials and conclude by noting that one scenario that accords well with the data also maps onto an equation previously noted by Vegh that describes the dynamics of a four-segmented string in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_3$.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
13. 13*

    Reconstructing the electro-weak theory from a gauge theory

    Lu Yang🇺🇸

    U(4) local transformations on the four Weyl spinors forming the isospin doublet of Dirac fermions are assumed as symmetries of the standard model. With the Lorentz transformations considered simultaneously, the symmetry group is enlarged in order to form a closed Lie algebra. In this framework, the chirality mixing gauge components with certain constraints collectively are identified as the Higgs field in the standard model. The scalar-appearance of the gauge-natured Higgs field and its varying coupling constants with the fermions, i.e. the mass-ratio parameters, are also given natural explanation. Additionally, a background of a constant right-handed gauge component is postulated to obtain the symmetry-breaking Higgs potential, which leads to a possible explanation of the parity violation in weak interactions. Further, the new framework provides an alternative perspective to understand the hyper symmetry U(1)Y , as a combination of a simultaneous phase rotation on both the left and right handed fermions and a rotation in the third direction of SU(2)R on the right-handed fermions. At last, a topological term involving the Higgs field is found to exist.

    hep-phhep-th0 citations
14. 14*

    Finite size effects on the phase diagram and the baryon fluctuations via momentum space constraints

    Győző Kovács🇵🇱

    The effect of the finite system size on the QCD phase diagram was studied with various momentum space constraints within a mean-field quark-meson model. On the one hand side, the choice of the scenario -- low-momentum cutoff and discretization with periodic or antiperiodic boundary conditions -- and the presence of the vacuum fluctuations were found to strongly affect the volume dependence of the CEP. On the other hand, its location is significantly shifted in each case for linear sizes below $L\approx 10$ fm. This is also reflected in the conserved charge fluctuations, which were investigated along the phase boundary using multiple scenarios for the finite size effects.

    hep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    $B_c$, $B_s$ and $D_s$ production at lepton-hadron colliders

    Qiwei Hu🇨🇳 · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳 · Li-Ping Sun🇨🇳

    Within the framework of nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics, this study examines the electroproduction processes $e+p\to e+B_c+\overline{c}+b$, $e+p\to e+B_s+\overline{s}+b$, and $e+p\to e+D_s+\overline{c}+s$ at lepton-hadron colliders. The differential cross sections in $\cos \theta$ and $p_T^2$ at HERA are presented. The results indicate that the production of $B_c$ is feasible at the EIC, whereas it is not at HERA. The cross sections for $B_s$ and $D_s$ are notably significant at HERA, yet they exhibit sensitivity to variations in quark mass and renormalization scale.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
16. 16*

    The structure of quark mass corrections in the $gg\to HH$ amplitude at high-energy

    Sebastian Jaskiewicz🇨🇭 · Stephen Jones🇬🇧 · Robert Szafron🇺🇸 · Yannick Ulrich🇬🇧

    The leading and next-to-leading order QCD predictions for Higgs boson pair production at hadron colliders suffer from a significant mass renormalisation scheme uncertainty related to the choice of the top-quark mass. The functional dependence of the result on the value of the intermediate quark mass can be understood in the high-energy limit using the Method of Regions and the tools of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. In this work, we study the origin of the sizeable logarithmic mass corrections in the $gg\to HH$ amplitudes at leading and next-to-leading power in the limit $s,|t|,|u|\gg m_t^2\gg m_H^2$. We argue that the mass corrections follow a predictable factorised pattern that can be exploited to simplify their computation. We present results for the leading power leading logarithmic corrections, our analysis leads to a significant reduction in the theoretical uncertainty of the double Higgs production amplitudes at high-energy due to the top-quark mass scheme.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·31 citations
17. 17*

    Vector meson production associated with a lepton pair in $e^{+}$ $e^{-}$ annihilation

    Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Yang Liu🇨🇳 · Junliang Lu🇨🇳 · Guang Tang🇨🇳 · Xiaonu Xiong🇨🇳

    In this work, we investigate a novel production mechanism of vector mesons, exemplified by the production of a neutral vector meson associated with a lepton pair in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation, i.e., $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to V{l}^{+}{l}^{-}$ ($V=J/\psi ,{\rho }^0,\omega ,\varphi$, and $l=\mu ,\tau$). These vector meson production channels can be precisely accounted within QED. The production rates of these processes are dominated by those diagrams where the vector meson is emitted from either the incident electron or positron, which exhibit a ${\ln }^2{m}_l^2$ enhancement stemming from the triple collinear limit of leptons. Our numerical analysis indicates that the corresponding production rates are substantial enough to warrant the observation of these novel vector meson production channels at BESIII and Belle II experiments in near future.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
18. 18*

    Bayesian analysis of hybrid neutron star EOS constraints within an instantaneous nonlocal chiral quark matter model

    Alexander Ayriyan🇵🇱 · David Blaschke🇵🇱 · Juan Pablo Carlomagno🇦🇷 · Gustavo A. Contrera🇦🇷 · Ana Gabriela Grunfeld🇦🇷

    We present a physics-informed Bayesian analysis of equation of state constraints using observational data for masses, radii and tidal deformability of pulsars and a generic class of hybrid neutron star equation of state with color superconducting quark matter on the basis of a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model. The nuclear matter phase is described within a relativistic density functional model of the DD2 class and the phase transition is obtained by a Maxwell construction. We find the region in the two-dimensional parameter space spanned by the vector meson coupling and the scalar diquark coupling, where three conditions are fulfilled: (1) the Maxwell construction can be performed, \mbox{(2) the maximum} mass of the hybrid neutron star is not smaller than \mbox{2.0 M${}_{\odot }$} and (3) the onset density of the phase transition is not below the nuclear saturation density $n_0=0.15$ fm${}^{-3}$. The result of this study shows that the favorable neutron star equation of state has low onset masses for the occurrence of a color superconducting quark matter core between 0.5-0.7 $M_{\odot }$ and maximum masses in the range 2.15-2.22 $M_{\odot }$. In the typical mass range of 1.2-2.0 $M_{\odot }$, the radii of these stars are between 11.9 and 12.4 km, almost independent of the mass. In principle, hybrid stars would allow for larger maximum masses than provided by the hadronic reference equation of state.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phUniverse(2025)·20 citations
19. 19*

    Exploring DHCAL design and performance with Graph Neural Networks

    M. Borysova🇮🇱 · D. Zavazieva🇮🇱 · N. Kakati🇮🇱 · E. Gross🇮🇱 · S. Bressler🇮🇱

    In the context of a gas-sampling Digital Hadronic Calorimeter (DHCAL), we explore the potential of using Graph Neural Networks (GNN) for hadron energy reconstruction and Particle Identification (PID) in future collider experiments. For PID, we achieved classification efficiencies exceeding 50% for neutrons and pions, with notably higher efficiencies for kaons and protons. Protons exhibited the highest efficiency of 77%, followed by neutral kaons. The energy resolution for these hadrons is studied in the energy range of 1 -- 50 GeV, with a further investigation into the resolution as a function of the incoming particle's angle and readout granularity, focusing on charged pions. Compared to traditional analysis methods, our results indicate that improved performance can be achieved even with coarser detector granularity, potentially making future DHCAL systems more cost-effective.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJINST(2025)·0 citations
20. 20*

    Primordial Black Hole Formation from Power Spectrum with Finite-width

    Shi Pi🇨🇳 · Misao Sasaki🇯🇵 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵 · Jianing Wang🇨🇳

    Primordial black holes (PBHs) can form from gravitational collapse of large overdensities in the early Universe, giving rise to rich phenomena in astrophysics and cosmology. We develop a novel, general, and systematic method based on theory of density contrast peaks to calculate the abundance of PBHs for a broad power spectrum of curvature perturbations with Gaussian statistics. We introduce a window function to account for the relevant perturbation scales associated with PBHs of different masses, along with a filter function that removes unphysical contributions from super-horizon-scale overdensities. While some uncertainties remain due to the limited understanding of the nonlinear collapse process, our approach substantially reduces the discrepancy previously observed between peaks theory and the Press-Schechter formalism.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·29 citations
21. 21*

    Tricritical behavior of a relativistic field theory in one dimension

    Heron Caldas🇧🇷 · A. L. Mota🇧🇷

    The tricritical behavior in a class of one-dimensional (1D) field theories that exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking at zero temperature and chemical potential is analyzed. In the Gross-Neveu (GN)-type models of massless fermions the discrete chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. After doping, the symmetry is restored at a critical chemical potential. We investigate the temperature effects on this doped 1D system under an external constant Zeeman magnetic field $B_0$. We find that $B_0$ suppresses the gapless behavior present for certain values of chemical potential and is able to induce a gapless-gapped phase transition at a critical field strength. We also discuss about the consequences of the consideration of inhomogeneous condensates to the tricritical point, within the Ginzburg-Landau expansion.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phnucl-thJ.Stat.Mech.(2025)·0 citations
22. 22*

    The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics in one dimension on a quantum computer

    Anton T. Than🇺🇸 · Yasar Y. Atas🇨🇦 · Abhijit Chakraborty🇨🇦 · Jinglei Zhang🇨🇦 · Matthew T. Diaz🇺🇸 · Kalea Wen🇺🇸 · Xingxin Liu🇺🇸 · Randy Lewis🇨🇦 · Alaina M. Green🇺🇸 · Christine A. Muschik🇺🇸 · Norbert M. Linke🇺🇸

    The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram, which reveals the state of strongly interacting matter at different temperatures and densities, is key to answering open questions in physics, ranging from the behavior of particles in neutron stars to the conditions of the early universe. However, classical simulations of QCD face significant computational barriers, such as the sign problem at finite matter densities. Quantum computing offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges. Here, we take an important step toward exploring the QCD phase diagram with quantum devices by preparing thermal states in one-dimensional non-Abelian gauge theories. We experimentally simulate the thermal states of SU(2) and SU(3) gauge theories at finite densities on a trapped-ion quantum computer using a variational method. This is achieved by introducing two features: Firstly, we add motional ancillae to the existing qubit register to efficiently prepare thermal probability distributions. Secondly, we introduce charge-singlet measurements to enforce color-neutrality constraints. This work marks the first lattice gauge theory quantum simulation of QCD at finite density and temperature for two and three colors, laying the foundation to explore QCD phenomena on quantum platforms.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phhep-thNature Commun.(2025)·64 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.