Mon·Dec 23, 2024Monday·December 23, 2024

1. 01*

   Implications of Higgs mass for hidden sector SUSY breaking

   Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · Jessica Bolich🇺🇸 · Kairui Zhang🇺🇸

   Hidden sector SUSY breaking where charged hidden sector fields obtain SUSY breaking vevs once seemed common in dynamical SUSY breaking (DSB). In such a case, scalars can obtain large masses but gauginos and A-terms gain loop-suppressed anomaly-mediated contributions which may be smaller by factors of 1/16\pi^2 ~1/160. This situation leads to models such as PeV or mini-split supersymmetry with m(scalars)~ 160 m(gauginos). In order to generate a light Higgs mass m_h~ 125 GeV, the scalar mass terms are required in the 10-100 TeV range, leading to large, unnatural contributions to the weak scale. Alternatively, in gravity mediation with singlet hidden sector fields, then m(scalars)~ m(gauginos)~ A-terms and the large A-terms lift m_h ->125 GeV even for natural values of m(stop1)~ 1-3 TeV. Requiring naturalness, which is probabilistically preferred by the string landscape, then the measured Higgs mass seems to favor singlets in the hidden sector, which can be common in metastable and retrofitted DSB models.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
2. 02*

   On the $K^{+}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\pi }^0{e}^{+}\nu$ decay

   E. K. Karkaryan🇷🇺 · K. V. Kiselev🇷🇺 · V. F. Obraztsov🇷🇺 · I. V. Surkov🇷🇺 · M. I. Vysotsky🇷🇺

   The OKA Collaboration has obtained a new upper limit on the $K^{+}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\pi }^0{e}^{+}\nu$ decay probability which is 65 times lower than the one currently listed by PDG. However it is still about $10^4$ times worse than the theoretical prediction. It was suggested that production of pionium $A_{2\pi }$ in the final state of the semileptonic $K^{+}$ decay with subsequent $A_{2\pi }\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0$ decay will increase the value of theoretical branching ratio due to the absence of five-particle phase space suppression. The estimates done in our paper show that despite the gain in the phase space the decay $K^{+}\to A_{2\pi }{\pi }^0{e}^{+}\nu$ appeares to be strongly suppressed because of the smallness of the pionium wave function at zero $\pi$ mesons separation.

   hep-phhep-exBull.Lebedev Phys.Inst.(2025)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Correlations of net baryon number and electric charge in nuclear matter

   Xin-ran Yang🇨🇳 · Guo-yun Shao🇨🇳 · Chong-long Xie🇨🇳 · Zhi-Peng Li🇨🇳

   We investigate the correlations between net baryon number and electric charge up to sixth order related to the interactions of nuclear matter at low temperature, and explore their relationship with the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition (LGPT) within the framework of the nonlinear Walecka model. The calculation shows that strong correlations between the baryon number and electric charge exist in the vicinity of LGPT, and the higher order correlations are more sensitive than the lower order ones near the phase transition. However, in the high-temperature region away from the LGPT the rescaled lower order correlations are relatively larger than most of the higher order ones. Besides, some of the fifth- and sixth-order correlations possibly change the sign from negative to positive along the chemical freeze-out line with the decrease of temperature. In combination with the future experimental projects at lower collision energies, the derived results can be referred to study the phase structure of strongly interacting matter and analyze the related experimental signals.

   hep-phnucl-thNucl.Sci.Tech.(2025)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Composite asymmetric dark matter with a dark photon portal: Multimessenger tests

   Saikat Das🇯🇵 · Ayuki Kamada🇵🇱 · Takumi Kuwahara🇨🇳 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸 · Deheng Song🇯🇵

   Composite asymmetric dark matter (ADM) is the framework that naturally explains the coincidence of the baryon density and the dark matter density of the Universe. Through a portal interaction sharing particle-antiparticle asymmetries in the Standard Model and dark sectors, dark matter particles, which are dark-sector counterparts of baryons, can decay into antineutrinos and dark-sector counterparts of mesons (dark mesons) or dark photon. Subsequent cascade decay of the dark mesons and the dark photon can also provide electromagnetic fluxes at late times of the Universe. The cosmic-ray constraints on the decaying dark matter with the mass of $1$--$10$~GeV has not been well studied. We perform comprehensive studies on the decay of the composite ADM by combining the astrophysical constraints from $e^{\pm }$ and $\gamma$-ray. The constraints from cosmic-ray positron measurements by AMS-02 are the most stringent at $\gtrsim 2$~GeV: a lifetime should be larger than the order of $10^{26}$~s, corresponding to the cutoff scale of the portal interaction of about $10^8\text{–}10^9\mathrm{GeV}$. We also perform the dedicated analysis for the neutrino monoenergetic signals at Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande due to the atmospheric neutrino background in the energy range of our interest.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·3 citations
5. 05*

   A $Z_4$ symmetric inverse seesaw model for neutrino masses and FIMP dark matter

   Ziye Wang🇨🇳 · Yakefu Reyimuaji🇨🇳 · Nijiati Yalikun🇨🇳

   A theoretical framework based on a spontaneously broken $Z_4$ symmetry is proposed to simultaneously explain neutrino mass generation via the inverse seesaw mechanism and dark matter (DM) production through a freeze-in scenario. This work extends the standard model with right-handed neutrinos $N_i$, additional fermions ${\chi }_i$, and a complex scalar $S$. An unbroken $Z_2$ subgroup ensures the stability of the DM candidate, whose relic abundance is dominantly produced via decay and scattering processes involving heavy singlet fermions. Phenomenological analyses show that this relatively minimal construction accommodates the observed neutrino oscillation parameters, consistent with the latest global fit data. Furthermore, the model successfully reproduces the observed DM relic density within the parameter space relevant to neutrino phenomenology, establishing a connection between neutrino properties and DM production.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Minimal structure for neutrino mass matrix

   Manoj Kumar🇮🇳 · Nikhila Awasthi🇮🇳 · Monika Randhawa🇮🇳 · Manmohan Gupta🇮🇳

   Taking clue from the minimal structure of texture 4-zero hermitian mass matrices, which are very successful in accommodating quark mixing data, we propose a form of texture 2-zero complex symmetric neutrino mass matrix with only one phase parameter. This minimal mass matrix not only accommodates the available neutrino oscillation data, but also makes interesting predictions for the unknown parameters like the lightest neutrino mass $m_{{\nu }_1}$ (for normal ordering(NO)), Jarlskog's rephasing invariant $J_{CP}$, Dirac type CP violating phase ${\delta }_{CP}$ and effective neutrino mass $⟨m_{ee}⟩$. We also explore the correlations between the parameters of the model, that lead us to minimizing the parameters further.

   hep-phPTEP(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Five dimensional $SU(5)\times U(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ grand unification

   Norimi Yokozaki🇨🇳 · Junhao Zhu🇨🇳

   We propose a grand unified model in five dimensions that addresses the strong CP problem. In this framework, the boundary conditions that break the unified gauge group into the Standard Model gauge group simultaneously explain the mass splitting of the new matter content required for gauge coupling unification and the emergence of the QCD axion as the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ gauge field. The quality of the axion solution is inherently ensured by the gauge symmetry of the model. We further investigate the implications of this setup, including its predictions for the proton decay rate, the detectability of axion dark matter, and its cosmological impact. Notably, the model predicts a proton decay signal within the sensitivity of upcoming experiments, a result driven by the trade-off between the unification scale and the reheating temperature. In our scenario, the scales of grand unification and the axion decay constant are naturally unified.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·0 citations
8. 08*

   $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ decay into $\bar{D}{\Sigma }_c$ and $\bar{D}{\Lambda }_c$ and the spin of the $P_c$ states

   Zi-Ying Yang🇨🇳 · Jing Song🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

   We address the issue of the width and spin assignment of the $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ pentaquark states. We calculate the partial decays widths of the particles into $J/\psi N$, $\bar{D}{\Sigma }_c$ and $\bar{D}{\Lambda }_c$ with the first one obtained within a unitary approach with the coupled channels of $J/\psi N$ and ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$ with the interaction driven by vector meson exchange, and the last two by means of triangle diagrams involving pion exchange which break the spin degeneracy of the vector meson exchange. The widths obtained depend much on the spin of the particles and we study the possible scenarios for spin assignment, favoring the $1/2^{-}$ , $3/2^{-}$ order. We predict values for decays in different channels and show that their determination would allow to decide unambiguously the spin of the states.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·10 citations
9. 09*

   In Pursuit of New Paradigms: TASI 2024

   Matthew McCullough🇨🇭

   These lectures discuss diverse theoretical approaches, old and new, towards understanding the origin of the Higgs sector of the Standard Model and the lightness of the Higgs boson.

   hep-ph1 citation
10. 10*

    Photon proliferation from multi-body dark matter annihilation

    Shao-Ping Li🇯🇵 · Ke-Pan Xie🇨🇳

    Multi-body dark matter annihilation is commonly expected to be suppressed by higher-order couplings and phase-space factors, therefore being ignored thus far. We show that, however, this does not hold for a class of nonthermal dark matter scenarios, where the dark matter particle becomes nonrelativistic at temperatures much higher than its mass. We exemplify such a multi-body process via ultralight pseudoscalar dark matter annihilation to diphotons, which leads to a novel photon proliferation effect in the early Universe. As a phenomenological application, we consider the photon temperature shift after neutrino decoupling, showing that the photon proliferation effect can render bounds on the ultralight dark matter couplings stronger than the existing constraints by several orders of magnitude. Our research can be extended to other interactions and dark matter candidates, highlighting the importance of multi-body processes in the early Universe.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2026)·6 citations
11. 11*

    Flavour Anomalies: A comparative analysis using a machine learning algorithm

    Jorge Alda🇮🇹 · Alejandro Mir🇪🇸 · Siannah Penaranda🇪🇸

    We present an analysis on flavour anomalies in semileptonic rare $B$-meson decays using an effective field theory approach and assuming that new physics affects only one generation in the interaction basis and non-universal mixing effects are generated by the rotation to the mass basis. A global fit to experimental data is performed, focusing on LFU ratios $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and $R_{J/\psi }$ and branching ratios that exhibit tensions with Standard Model predictions on $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ decays. In our analysis, we use a Machine Learning Montecarlo algorithm, a framework that emulates the highly non-Gaussian structure of the likelihood landscape with minimal training cost. This method enables the generation of high-resolution confidence regions and detailed correlation analyses. By comparing three different scenarios, we show that the one that introduces only mixing between the second and third quark generations and no mixing in the lepton sector, as well as independent coefficients for the singlet and triplet four fermion effective operators, provides the best fit to the experimental data. A comparison with previous results is performed. We highlight the key strengths of the Machine Learning framework in our analysis.

    hep-phInt.J.Theor.Phys.(2026)·5 citations
12. 12*

    What happens when supercooling is terminated by curvature flipping of the effective potential?

    Tomasz P. Dutka🇰🇷 · Tae Hyun Jung🇰🇷 · Chang Sub Shin🇰🇷

    We explore the nature of a certain type of supercooled phase transition, where the supercooling is guaranteed to end due to the curvature of the finite-temperature effective potential at the origin experiencing a sign flip at some temperature. In such models the potential barrier trapping the scalar field at the meta-stable origin is quickly vanishing at the temperature scale of the phase transition. It is therefore not immediately clear if critical bubbles are able to form, or whether the field will simply transition over the barrier and smoothly roll down to the true minimum. To address this question, we perform lattice simulations of a scalar potential exhibiting supercooling, with a small barrier around the origin, and qualitatively determine the fate of the phase transition. Our simulations indicate that, owing to the required flatness of the potential, the scalar field remains trapped around the origin such that the phase transition generically proceeds via the nucleation and expansion of true-vacuum bubbles. We comment on the possible gravitational wave signals one might expect in a concrete toy model and discuss the parameter space in which bubble percolation is and isn't expected. Animated versions of Figures 6 through 9 can be found at: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLhT9Np0-FMHBjkejei0bb9qbxbWKHAUXf

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·7 citations
13. 13*

    The QCD moat regime and its real-time properties

    Wei-jie Fu🇨🇳 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Robert D. Pisarski🇺🇸 · Fabian Rennecke🇩🇪 · Rui Wen🇨🇳 · Shi Yin🇩🇪

    Dense QCD matter may exhibit crystalline phases. Their existence is reflected in a moat regime, where mesonic correlations feature spatial modulations. We study the realtime properties of pions at finite temperature and density in QCD in order to elucidate the nature of this regime. We show that the moat regime arises from particle-hole-like fluctuations near the Fermi surface. This gives rise to a characteristic peak in the spectral function of the pion at nonzero \emph{spacelike} momentum. This peak can be interpreted as a new quasi particle, the moaton. In addition, our framework also allows us to directly test the stability of the homogeneous chiral phase against the formation of an inhomogeneous condensate in QCD. We find that the formation of such a phase is highly unlikely for baryon chemical potentials ${\mu }_B\le 630$\,MeV.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·41 citations
14. 14*

    Heavy-quark mass effects in off-light-cone distributions

    Valerio Bertone🇫🇷 · Michael Fucilla🇫🇷 · Cédric Mezrag🇫🇷

    We compute the one-loop correction to the forward matrix element of an off-light-cone bi-local quark correlator characterised by a space-like separation $z^2$ in the presence of heavy quarks with mass $m$. This calculation allows us to extract the one-loop matching kernel, necessary to connect quasi and pseudo-distributions to collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs), accounting for heavy-quark mass effects. Our result is exact in that it includes all powers of $z^2{m}^2$ at one loop in ${\alpha }_s$. In the limit $z^2{m}^2\to 0$, it consistently reduces to the known massless result. We also carry out an implementation of our expression, which allows us to compute the charm pseudo-distribution of the proton given its PDF. We finally comment on the quantitative impact of heavy-quark mass corrections.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thEPJC(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Dimension-8 operators in $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production via gluon fusion

    Daniel Gillies🇬🇧 · Andrea Banfi🇬🇧 · Adam Martin🇺🇸 · Matthew A. Lim🇬🇧

    We investigate the impact of dimension-8 operators on $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production at the LHC for the incoming gluon-gluon channel. To this end, we have identified all dimension-8 CP-even operators contributing to the process in question, and computed the corresponding tree-level helicity amplitudes for fully-leptonic decays of the $W$ bosons. These are implemented in the program MCFM-RE, which automatically incorporates the effect of a jet-veto to reduce the otherwise overwhelming $t\bar{t}$ background. We find that, unless we break the hierarchy of the effective field theory (EFT), the interference of the dimension-8 operators with the Standard Model is negligible across the considered distributions. This justifies including the square of dimension-6 operators when performing EFT fits with this channel. We then present new constraints on CP-even and CP-odd dimension-6 operators within the EFT regime. Lastly, we postulate a scenario in which the hierarchy of the EFT is broken, justified by the strong constraints on dimension-6 operators from existing on-shell Higgs data. In this scenario, we discuss the constraints that can be reasonably set on CP-even dimension-8 operators with current and future data. We remark that the effect of the jet-veto on the ability to constrain new physics in the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ channel is quite dramatic and must be properly taken into account.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·9 citations
16. 16*

    Cosmological Non-Gaussianity from Neutrino Seesaw Mechanism

    Jingtao You🇨🇳 · Linghao Song🇨🇳 · Hong-Jian He🇨🇳 · Chengcheng Han🇨🇳

    The neutrino mass generation via conventional seesaw mechanism is realized at high scales around $O(10^{14})$GeV with natural Yukawa couplings of $O(1)$, making the test of neutrino seesaw a great challenge. It is intriguing to note that the neutrino seesaw scale is typically around the upper range of the cosmological inflation scale. In this work, we propose a new framework incorporating inflation and neutrino seesaw in which the inflaton primarily decays into right-handed neutrinos after inflation. This decay process is governed by the inflaton interaction with the right-handed neutrinos that respects the shift symmetry. With the neutrino seesaw mechanism, we construct a new realization of the Higgs modulated reheating, in which the fluctuations of Higgs field can modulate the inflaton decays and contribute to the primordial curvature perturbation. We investigate the induced non-Gaussian signatures and demonstrate, for the first time, that such signatures provide an important means to directly probe the high scale of natural neutrino seesaw. We further analyze the interplay of the non-Gaussianity signatures with the low-energy neutrino experiments, and their interplay with the Higgs self-coupling measurements at the LHC and future colliders.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
17. 17*

    Functional renormalization of QCD in $1+1$ dimensions: four-fermion interactions from quark-gluon dynamics

    Eric Oevermann🇩🇪 · Adrian Koenigstein🇩🇪 · Stefan Floerchinger🇩🇪

    Quantum Chromodynamics in two spacetime dimensions is investigated with the Functional Renormalization Group. We use a functional formulation with covariant gauge fixing and derive Renormalization Group flow equations for the gauge coupling, quark mass and an algebraically complete set of local fermion-fermion interaction vertices. The flow, based on a convenient Callan-Symanzik-type regularization, shows the expected behavior for a super-renormalizable theory in the ultraviolet regime and leads to a strongly coupled regime in the infrared. Through a detailed discussion of symmetry implications, and variations in the gauge group and flavor numbers, the analysis sets the stage for a more detailed investigation of the bound state spectrum in future work.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Phase structure of quark matter and in-medium properties of mesons from Callan-Symanzik flows

    Sebastian Töpfel🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Jens Braun🇩🇪

    We compute meson spectral functions at finite temperature and density in the quark-meson model, supplemented with a computation of the phase diagram. In particular, we provide a detailed analysis of the non-analytic structure of the meson two-point functions which is of great relevance for phenomenological applications, such as moat regimes and inhomogeneous phases. Furthermore, it is also relevant from a field-theoretical standpoint as it provides an insight into the applicability of derivative expansions of the effective action to studies of general fermion-boson models, both at zero and finite chemical potential. Our computation is based on a functional renormalization group setup that preserves causality, all spacetime symmetries, and the Silver-Blaze property. The combination of these properties can only be achieved by a Callan-Symanzik regulator. Instead of momentum shell integrations, renormalization group flows generated by such a regulator describe the change of the theory induced by a change of the masses of the mesons and quarks. A particular focus of our work lies on the construction of controlled Callan-Symanzik flows in the presence of spontaneous and explicit chiral symmetry breaking by means of chiral Ward-Takahashi identities.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·15 citations
19. 19*

    Fully heavy asymmetric scalar tetraquarks

    S. S. Agaev🇦🇿 · K. Azizi🇮🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

    The scalar tetraquarks $T_b$ and $T_c$ with asymmetric contents $bb\overline{b}\overline{c}$ and $cc\overline{c}\overline{b}$ are explored using the QCD sum rule method. These states are modeled as the diquark-antidiquarks composed of the axial-vector components. The masses and current couplings of $T_b$ and $T_c$ are calculated using the two-point sum rule approach. The predictions obtained for the masses of these four-quark mesons prove that they are unstable against the strong two-meson fall-apart decays to conventional mesons. In the case of the tetraquark $T_b$ this is the decay $T_{\mathrm{b}}\to {\eta }_b{B}_c^{-}$. The processes $T_{\mathrm{c}}\to {\eta }_c{B}_c^{+}$ and $J/\psi B_c^{\ast +}$ are kinematically allowed decay modes of the tetraquark $T_c$. The widths of corresponding processes are evaluated by employing the QCD three-point sum rule approach which are necessary to estimate strong couplings at the tetraquark-meson-meson vertices of interest. The mass $m=(15698\pm 95)\mathrm{MeV}$ and width $\Gamma [T_b]=(36.0\pm 10.4)\mathrm{MeV}$ of the tetraquark $T_b$ as well as the parameters $\tilde{m}=(9680\pm 102)\mathrm{MeV}$ and $\Gamma [T_c]=(54.7\pm 12.6)\mathrm{MeV}$ in the case of $T_c$ provide useful information to search for and interpret new exotic states.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJA(2025)·7 citations
20. 20*

    Electroweak corrections in the SMEFT: four-fermion operators at high energies

    Hesham El Faham🇬🇧 · Ken Mimasu🇬🇧 · Davide Pagani🇮🇹 · Claudio Severi🇬🇧 · Eleni Vryonidou🇬🇧 · Marco Zaro🇮🇹

    In the Standard Model (SM), electroweak (EW) corrections become significant at high energies, particularly at the tera-electronvolt scale and beyond, due to the presence of Sudakov logarithms. At these energy scales, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework provides an enhanced sensitivity to potential new physics effects. This motivates the inclusion of EW corrections not only for SM predictions but also for analyses within SMEFT. In this work, we compute EW corrections in the high-energy limit for a selected set of dimension-six operators, specifically the class of four-fermion contact interactions, in key hard-scattering processes relevant to both current and future colliders: top-quark pair production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in a muon collider scenario, as well as the Drell-Yan process at the LHC. We first discuss the technical details and challenges associated with evaluating EW Sudakov logarithms in SMEFT, contrasting them with the SM case. We then present phenomenological results for the aforementioned processes, highlighting the non-trivial effects introduced by EW corrections arising from the insertion of dimension-six, four-fermion operators. Importantly, the resulting $K$-factors exhibit significant deviations from their SM counterparts, with dependencies not only on the process but also on the specific operators considered. Finally, we explore the potential to lift flat directions in the SMEFT parameter space by incorporating higher-order corrections, using Fisher information techniques.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·14 citations
21. 21*

    Mixed QCD-EW corrections to the neutral-current Drell-Yan process

    Tommaso Armadillo🇮🇹 · Roberto Bonciani🇮🇹 · Luca Buonocore🇨🇭 · Simone Devoto🇧🇪 · Massimiliano Grazzini🇨🇭 · Stefan Kallweit🇨🇭 · Narayan Rana🇮🇳 · Alessandro Vicini🇮🇹

    We report on the complete computation of the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to the neutral-current Drell-Yan process. Our calculation holds in the entire range of dilepton invariant masses. We present phenomenological results for several kinematical distributions in the case of bare muons both in the resonant region and for high invariant masses. We also consider the forward-backward asymmetry, which is a key observable to measure the weak mixing angle. We finally extend our calculation to dressed leptons and compare our results in the massless limit to those available in the literature.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Flavor Violations in $B$-Mesons within Non-Minimal SU(5)

    Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Alakabha Datta🇺🇸 · Gaber Faisel🇹🇼 · Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬 · Shibasis Roy🇮🇳

    Recent anomalies in $B$-meson decays, such as deviations in $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ and $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$, suggest possible lepton flavor universality violation and new exotic interactions. In this work, we explore these anomalies within a non-minimal SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) framework, which introduces a 45-dimensional Higgs representation predicting exotic scalar particles, including the leptoquark $R_2$ and diquark $S_6$. The $R_2$ leptoquark addresses charged current anomalies in $b\to c\tau \nu$ transitions, the $S_6$ diquark contributes to nonleptonic neutral current processes, such as $B\to K\pi$, while at the loop level, diagrams involving the exchanges of the leptoquark, diquark, and the Standard Model particles contribute to $B\to K\nu \bar{\nu }$, offering solutions to longstanding puzzles.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2026)·11 citations
23. 23*

    Prospects for measurements of the longitudinal proton structure function $F_L$ at the Electron Ion Collider

    Javier Jiménez-López🇪🇸 · Paul R. Newman🇬🇧 · Katarzyna Wichmann🇩🇪

    We explore the potential for extracting the longitudinal proton structure function $F_L$ at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) through a Rosenbluth separation method. The impacts of differing assumptions on sample sizes, systematic uncertainties and beam energy scenarios are investigated. With a sufficiently large number of centre of mass energy configurations and well-controlled systematics, the EIC will measure $F_L$ to an unprecedented precision, even with relatively modest luminosities. The accessible kinematic range complements both fixed target and HERA data. In the most optimistic scenarios, the EIC data will be a highly competitive direct probe of the proton gluon density.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
24. 24*

    First Sub-MeV Dark Matter Search with the QROCODILE Experiment Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors

    Laura Baudis🇨🇭 · Alexander Bismark🇨🇭 · Noah Brugger🇨🇭 · Chiara Capelli🇨🇭 · Ilya Charaev🇨🇭 · Jose Cuenca García🇨🇭 · Guy Daniel Hadas🇮🇱 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Judith K. Hohmann🇩🇪 · Alexander Kavner🇨🇭 · Christian Koos🇩🇪 · Artem Kuzmin🇩🇪 and 6 other authors

    We present the first results from the Quantum Resolution-Optimized Cryogenic Observatory for Dark matter Incident at Low Energy (QROCODILE). The QROCODILE experiment uses a microwire-based superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) as a target and sensor for dark matter scattering and absorption, and is sensitive to energy deposits as low as 0.11 eV. We introduce the experimental configuration and report new world-leading constraints on the interactions of sub-MeV dark matter particles with masses as low as 30 keV. The thin-layer geometry of the system provides anisotropy in the interaction rate, enabling directional sensitivity. In addition, we leverage the coupling between phonons and quasiparticles in the detector to simultaneously constrain interactions with both electrons and nucleons. We discuss the potential for improvements to both the energy threshold and effective volume of the experiment in the coming years.

    hep-phcond-mat.supr-conhep-exquant-phPRL(2025)·37 citations
25. 25*

    Dispersion relation for hadronic light-by-light scattering: $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ poles

    Simon Holz🇨🇭 · Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Bai-Long Hoid🇩🇪 · Bastian Kubis🇩🇪

    The pseudoscalar-pole contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering are determined by the respective transition form factors (TFFs) into two virtual photons. These TFFs constitute complicated functions of the photon virtualities that, in turn, can be reconstructed in a dispersive approach from their discontinuities. In this work, we present such an analysis for the ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$ TFFs, implementing a number of constraints from both experiment and theory: normalizations from the ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to \gamma \gamma$ decay widths, unitarity constraints from the ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}\gamma$ spectra, chiral symmetry for the ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to 2({\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ amplitudes, vector-meson couplings, singly-virtual data from $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{\eta }^{(\prime )}$, and the asymptotic behavior predicted by the light-cone expansion. In particular, we account for the leading left-hand-cut singularity by including effects from the $a_2$ resonance, necessitating the solution of an inhomogeneous Muskhelishvili-Omnès problem via a carefully chosen path deformation. The resulting TFFs allow us to evaluate the ${\eta }^{(\prime )}$-pole contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, $a_{\mu }^{\eta \text{-pole}}=14.7(9)\times 10^{-11}$ and $a_{\mu }^{{\eta }^{\prime }\text{-pole}}=13.5(7)\times 10^{-11}$, completing a dedicated program for the lowest-lying pseudoscalar intermediate states in a dispersive approach to hadronic light-by-light scattering, $a_{\mu }^{\text{PS-poles}}=91.2_{-2.4}^{+2.9}\times 10^{-11}$.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thJHEP(2025)·65 citations
26. 26*

    The Sound of Dark Sectors in Pulsar Timing Arrays

    Amitayus Banik🇰🇷 · Yanou Cui🇺🇸 · Yu-Dai Tsai🇺🇸 · Yuhsin Tsai🇺🇸

    A phase transition in the dark sector (DS) presents a promising explanation for the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signals detected in recent observations by Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs). Instead of focusing solely on fitting data with phenomenological parameters, we systematically delineate simple, underlying dark sector (DS) models at the microscopic, Lagrangian level and uncover the conditions required to yield the GW spectrum observed by PTAs. We also illustrate the possibilities of the DS cosmology, which may include a dark matter candidate with a $\mathcal{O}$(MeV) mass.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPhys.Dark Univ.(2026)·15 citations
27. 27*

    Dark Matter-Electron Detectors for Dark Matter-Nucleon Interactions

    Sinéad M. Griffin🇺🇸 · Guy Daniel Hadas🇮🇱 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Katherine Inzani🇬🇧 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸

    In a seminal paper now a decade old, it was shown that dark matter detectors geared at probing interactions with nucleons could also be used to probe dark matter interactions with electrons. In this work, we show that new detector concepts designed to probe dark matter-electron interactions at low masses can similarly be used to probe new parameter space for dark matter-nucleon interactions. We demonstrate the power of this approach by using existing data from superconducting detectors to place new limits on the interactions of nuclei with MeV-scale dark matter. Further, we show that advances in detector technology that have been anticipated for electronic interactions will automatically extend sensitivity deep into uncharted territory for nuclear interactions. This doubles the effective science output of future low-threshold experiments.

    hep-phcond-mat.mtrl-scihep-exPRL(2025)·16 citations
28. 28*

    Most general EFTs from spurion analysis: Hilbert series and Minimal Lepton Flavor Violation

    Benjamín Grinstein🇺🇸 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸 · Carlos Miró🇪🇸 · Pablo Quílez🇺🇸

    We derive a saturation theorem for general Effective Field Theories (EFTs) constructed using spurion analysis. Let $S$ be a set of spurion fields introduced to organize the breaking of a global symmetry $G_f$, and $H_S$ be the subgroup of $G_f$ that remains unbroken under a generic vacuum expectation value $⟨S⟩$; we show that the EFT Lagrangian constructed from the spurion analysis $saturates$ the EFT Lagrangian without the spurions but restricted to $H_S$ invariance, provided that arbitrary powers of the spurion fields are allowed. As examples, we study several implementations of the Minimal Lepton Flavor Violation (MLFV) principle, corresponding to various origins of the neutrino masses. In each scenario, we compute the Hilbert series to obtain the numbers of independent lepton flavor covariants that appear in the corresponding EFT at mass dimension 6. These numbers agree with the number of $H_S$ invariants in the EFT without the spurions, demonstrating the saturation theorem. Motivated by phenomenological connections, we provide linearly independent spurion polynomials for selected lepton flavor covariants. An ancillary file is supplied at https://github.com/HilbertSeries/Group_Invariants_and_Covariants , which is a Mathematica notebook that provides functions for computing general Hilbert series of invariants and covariants of compact classical groups. It presents examples demonstrating the use of the code, including the Hilbert series for our MLFV scenarios.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·4 citations
29. 29*

    Anomalous electroweak physics unraveled via evidential deep learning

    Brandon Kriesten🇺🇸 · T.J. Hobbs🇺🇸

    The growth in beyond standard model (BSM) models and parametrizations has placed strong emphasis on systematically intercomparing within the range of possible models with controlled uncertainties. In this setting, the language of uncertainty quantification (UQ) provides quantitative metrics of assessing overlaps and discrepancies between models. We leverage recent machine learning (ML) developments in evidential deep learning (EDL) for UQ to separate data (aleatoric) and knowledge (epistemic) uncertainties in a model discrimination setting. In this study, we construct several potentially BSM-motivated scenarios for the anomalous electroweak interaction (AEWI) of neutrinos with nucleons in deep inelastic scattering ($\nu$DIS). These scenarios are then quantitatively mapped, as a demonstration, alongside Monte Carlo replicas of the CT18 PDFs used to calculate the $\Delta {\chi }^2$ statistic for a typical multi-GeV $\nu$DIS experiment, CDHSW. Our framework effectively highlights areas of model agreement and provides a classification of out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. By offering the opportunity to identify unexplored regions of parameter space while understanding domains of model overlap, the approach presented in this work can help facilitate efficient BSM model exploration and exclusion for future New Physics searches.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·12 citations
30. 30*

    Dynamical friction in ultralight dark matter: Plummer sphere perspective

    V.M. Gorkavenko🇺🇦 · A.I. Yakimenko🇺🇦 · A.O. Zaporozhchenko🇺🇦 · E.V.Gorbar🇺🇦

    In models of dark matter composed of feebly interacting ultralight bosons in the state of Bose-Einstein condensate, the dynamical friction force acting on circularly moving globular clusters modelled as Plummer spheres is determined. Analytic expressions for both radial and tangential components of the dynamical friction force are given. We reveal that the dynamical friction force for the Plummer sphere deviates from that for a point probe of the same mass for a significantly large ratio of the Plummer sphere radius to its orbital radius, as well as for large values of the Mach number.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phPhys.Scripta(2025)·8 citations
31. 31*

    Dynamics of the order parameter in symmetry breaking phase transitions

    Fumika Suzuki · Wojciech H. Zurek

    The formation of topological defects in second-order phase transitions can be investigated by solving partial differential equations for the evolution of the order parameter in space and time, such as the Langevin equation. We demonstrate that the ordinary differential equations governing either the temporal or spatial dependence in the Langevin equation provide surprisingly substantial insights into the dynamics of the phase transition. The temporal evolution of the order parameter predicts the essence of the adiabatic-impulse scenario, including the scaling of the freeze-out time, which is crucial to the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM). In particular, Bernoulli differential equations that arise in the overdamped case can be solved analytically. The spatial part of the evolution, in turn, leads to the characteristic size of domains that choose the same broken symmetry. Apart from the fundamental insights into the KZM, this finding enables the exploration of Kibble-Zurek scaling using ordinary differential equations over a large range of quench timescales, which would otherwise be difficult to achieve with numerical simulations of the full partial differential equations.

    ↳ cond-mat.stat-mechgr-qchep-phhep-th+1Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 122 (48) e25239031…
32. 32*

    Simulating Three-Flavor Neutrino Oscillations on an NMR Quantum Processor

    Gayatri Singh🇮🇳 · Arvind🇮🇳 · Kavita Dorai🇮🇳

    Neutrino oscillations can be efficiently simulated on a quantum computer using the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) theory in close analogy to the physical processes realized in experiments. We simulate three-flavor neutrino oscillations on a two-qubit NMR quantum information processor. The three-flavor neutrino states were encoded into the two-qubit system, leaving one redundant basis state (representing an unphysical sterile neutrino). We simulated the neutrino oscillations in different scenarios, including propagation in vacuum and through surrounding matter, and both with and without a CP violating phase $\delta$ at a Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) baseline distance of L = 1285 km. The oscillation probabilities were obtained after unitarily time evolving the initial flavor state and and comparisons were performed between different scenarios. Further, we design and implement an optimized quantum circuit encoding all four parameters (three mixing angles-${\theta }_{12},{\theta }_{23},{\theta }_{13}$ and one complex phase $\delta$) to implement the PMNS unitary matrix, which relates the flavor and mass eigenstates. The interaction with matter is considered as a perturbation to the vacuum Hamiltonian, and the same quantum circuit is employed with an approximation of two mixing angles (${\theta }_{12}$ and ${\theta }_{13}$ ) and mass eigenvalues. Our experimental results match well with numerical simulations and highlight the potential of quantum computers for exploring the physics of neutrino oscillations.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phPhys.Scripta(2025)·6 citations
33. 33*

    Quark-Quark and Quark-nucleon Potential model Extended-soft-core meson-exchange Interactions

    Th. A. Rijken🇳🇱 · Y. Yamamoto🇯🇵

    The Quark-quark (QQ) and Quark-nucleon (QN) interactions in this paper are derived from the Extended-soft-core (ESC) interactions. The meson-quark-quark (MQQ) vertices are determined in the framework of the constituent quark model (CQM). These vertices are such that upon folding with the ground-state baryon quark wave functions the one-boson-exchange (OBE) amplitudes for baryon-baryon (BB), and in particularly for nucleon-nucleon (NN), are reproduced. This opens the attractive possibility to define meson-quark interactions at the quark level which are directly related related to the interactions at the baryon level. the latter have been determined by the baryon-baryon data. Application of these "realistic" quark-quark interactions in the quark-matter phase is presumably of relevance for the description of highly condensed matter, as e.g. neutron-star matter.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph2 citations
34. 34*

    Dense QC${}_2$D. What's up with that?!?

    Simon Hands🇬🇧 · Seyong Kim🇰🇷 · Dale Lawlor🇮🇪 · Andrew Lee-Mitchell🇮🇪 · Jon-Ivar Skullerud🇮🇪

    We present recent updates and results from QC${}_2$D (Two Colour QCD) simulations at non-zero baryon density, including progress toward determining the speed of sound.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·9 citations
35. 35*

    The hadronic decay of vector charmonium

    Benoît Blossier🇫🇷 · Jochen Heitger🇩🇪 · Jan Neuendorf🇫🇷 · Teseo San José

    The extraction of decay parameters using lattice techniques is a computationally expensive task, requiring several volumes and group irreps to relate the spectrum on a lattice simulation to the infinite volume scattering. In this project we employ an alternative method based on a narrow-width approximation to extract the hadronic mixing $<\bar{D}D|\psi (3770)>$, which is needed to compute the decay $\Gamma (\psi (3770)\to \bar{D}D)$ between the second excited state of vector charmonium and a pair of $D$-mesons in a $p$-wave. We carry out our lattice simulations on two CLS ensembles at $m_{\pi }\sim 440\text{MeV}$ and $a\sim 0.066\text{fm}$ and obtain results compatible with experiment. Furthermore, we interpret our results analytically using the ${}^3{P}_0$ quark model.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
36. 36*

    Effective Metric Description of 2+1 Dimensional Quantum Black Holes

    Stefan Hohenegger🇫🇷 · Mikolaj Myszkowski🇩🇰 · Mattia Damia Paciarini🇩🇰 · Francesco Sannino🇮🇹

    We develop an effective metric description of 2+1 dimensional black holes describing deviations from the classical Bañados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. The latter is a classical 2+1 dimensional rotating black hole with constant negative curvature. The effective metric is constrained by imposing the black hole symmetries and asymptotic classical behavior. The deformed metric is parametrized in terms of a physical quantity that we choose to be a physical distance. The latter can be solved for in three main regions of interest, the one around the horizon, origin, and spatial infinity. The finiteness of physical quantities at the horizon, such as the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars, leads to universal constraints on the physical parameters of the metric around the horizon. This allows us to further derive the general form of the corrected Hawking temperature in terms of the physical parameters of the effective metric. Assuming that the approach can be generalized to the interior of the black hole, we further develop an effective metric description near the origin. To illustrate the approach, we show how to recast the information encoded in a specific model of quantum BTZ known as quBTZ black hole in terms of the effective metric coefficients.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·3 citations
37. 37*

    Feynman Integral Reduction without Integration-By-Parts

    Ziwen Wang🇨🇳 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳

    We present an interesting study of Feynman integral reduction that does not employ integration-by-parts identities. Our approach proceeds by studying the equivalence relations of integral contours in the Feynman parameterization. We find that the integration contour can take a more general form than that given by the Cheng-Wu theorem. We apply this idea to one-loop integrals, and derive universal reduction formulas that can be used to efficiently reduce any one-loop integral. We expect that this approach can be useful in the reduction of multi-loop integrals as well.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2026)·4 citations
38. 38*

    What shall we learn from a future supernova?

    M. Cristina Volpe🇫🇷

    Core-collapse supernovae constitute a unique laboratory for particle physics and astrophysics. They are powerful neutrino sources of all flavors, emitting essentially all the gravitational binding energy through neutrinos, at the end of their life. I will highlight how crucial is the observation of the next core-collapse supernova and of the diffuse supernova neutrino background, whose discovery might be imminent.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEhep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
39. 39*

    Full Parity-Violating Trispectrum in Axion Inflation: Reduction to Low-D Integrals

    Matthew Reinhard🇺🇸 · Zachary Slepian🇺🇸 · Jiamin Hou🇺🇸 · Alessandro Greco🇺🇸

    Recent measurements of the galaxy 4-Point Correlation Function (4PCF) have seemingly detected non-zero parity-odd modes at high significance. Since gravity, the primary driver of galaxy formation and evolution is parity-even, any parity violation, if genuine, is likely to have been produced by some new parity-violating mechanism in the early Universe. Here we investigate an inflationary model with a Chern-Simons interaction between an axion and a $U(1)$ gauge field, where the axion itself is the inflaton field. Evaluating the trispectrum (Fourier-space analog of the 4PCF) of the primordial curvature perturbations is an involved calculation with very high-dimensional loop integrals. We demonstrate how to simplify these integrals and perform all angular integrations analytically by reducing the integrals to convolutions and exploiting the Convolution Theorem. This leaves us with low-dimensional radial integrals that are much more amenable to efficient numerical evaluation. This paper is the first in a series in which we will use these results to compute the full late-time 4PCF for axion inflation, thence enabling constraints from upcoming 3D spectroscopic surveys such as Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), Euclid, or Roman.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2026)·17 citations
40. 40*

    Functional Renormalization Group meets Computational Fluid Dynamics: RG flows in a multi-dimensional field space

    Niklas Zorbach🇩🇪 · Adrian Koenigstein🇩🇪 · Jens Braun🇩🇪

    Within the Functional Renormalisation Group (FRG) approach, we present a fluid-dynamical approach to solving flow equations for models living in a multi-dimensional field space. To this end, the underlying exact flow equation of the effective potential is reformulated as a set of nonlinear advection-diffusion-type equations which can be solved using the Kurganov-Tadmor central scheme, a modern finite-volume discretization from computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by performing explicit benchmark tests using zero-dimensional models with two discretized field space directions or two symmetry invariants. Our techniques can be directly applied to flow equations of effective potentials of general (fermion-)boson systems with multiple invariants or condensates, as we also demonstrate for two concrete examples in three spacetime dimensions.

    ↳ cond-mat.stat-mechhep-phPRD(2026)·19 citations
41. 41*

    Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum

    Jianhao Wu🇨🇳 · Tsang Keung Chan🇨🇳 · Victor J. Forouhar Moreno🇳🇱

    Recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope revealed a surprisingly large number of galaxies at high redshift, challenging the standard Lambda Cold Dark Matter cosmology with a power-law primordial power spectrum. Previous studies alleviated this tension with a blue tilted primordial power spectrum ($P(k)\propto k^{m_s}$ with $m_s>1$ at small scales $>1{\mathrm{cMpc}}^{-1}$). In this study, we examine whether the blue tilted model can boost dark matter substructures especially at low redshift, thereby addressing other potential challenges to the standard cosmology. First, substructures in the standard cosmological model may not be sufficient to explain the anomalous flux ratio problem observed in strong gravitational lensing. Second, the number of observed nearby satellite galaxies could be higher than the theoretical predictions of the standard cosmology, after completeness correction and tidal stripping by baryonic disks. To study the impact of a blue tilted primordial power spectrum on substructures, we perform high-resolution cosmological zoom-in dark matter-only simulations of Milky Way host mass halos, evolving to redshift $z=0$. At $z=0$, we find that the blue-tilted subhalo mass functions can be enhanced by more than a factor of two for subhalo masses $M_{\mathrm{sub}}\lesssim 10^{10}M\odot$, whereas the subhalo $V_{\max }$ functions can be enhanced by a factor of four for maximum circular velocities $V_{\max }\lesssim 30km/s$. The blue-tilted scaled cumulative substructure fraction can be an order of magnitude higher at $\sim$10\% of the virial radius. The blue-tilted subhalos also have higher central densities, since the blue-tilted subhalos reach the same $V_{\max }$ at a smaller distance $R_{\max }$ from the center. We have also verified these findings with higher-resolution simulations.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.