Fri·Dec 20, 2024Friday·December 20, 2024

1. 01*

   Indirect Detection of Hot Dark Matter

   Jeff A. Dror🇺🇸 · Pearl Sandick🇺🇸 · Barmak Shams Es Haghi🇺🇸 · Fengwei Yang🇺🇸

   Cosmologically stable, light particles that came into thermal contact with the Standard Model in the early universe may persist today as a form of hot dark matter. For relics with masses in the eV range, their role in structure formation depends critically on their mass. We trace the evolution of such hot relics and derive their density profiles around cold dark matter halos, introducing a framework for their indirect detection. Applying this framework to axions -- a natural candidate for a particle that can reach thermal equilibrium with the Standard Model in the early universe and capable of decaying into two photons -- we establish stringent limits on the axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma }$ using current observations of dwarf galaxies, the Milky Way halo, and galaxy clusters. Our results set new bounds on hot axions in the $\mathcal{O}(1-10)$eV range.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAJHEP(2025)·7 citations
2. 02*

   Radiative neutrino masses from dim-7 SMEFT: a simplified multi-scale approach

   Kåre Fridell🇯🇵 · Lukáš Gráf🇳🇱 · Julia Harz🇩🇪 · Chandan Hati🇪🇸

   Lepton-number-violating interactions occur in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) at odd dimensions starting from the dimension-5 Weinberg operator. Although the operators at dimension-7 and higher are more suppressed by the heavy new scale, they can be crucial when traditional seesaw mechanisms leading to tree-level dimension-5 contributions are absent. We identify all minimal tree-level UV-completions for dimension-7 $\Delta L=2$ SMEFT operators without covariant derivatives and propose a new simplified approach for estimating the radiative neutrino masses arising from such operators. This dimensional-regularisation-based approach provides a more accurate estimate for the loop neutrino masses when the new physics fields are hierarchical in mass, as compared to the cut-off-regularisation-based approach often employed in the literature. This allows us to identify viable regions of parameter space in the full list of relevant simplified models close to the current limits set by neutrinoless double beta decay and the LHC that would previously have been thought to be excluded by neutrino-mass constraints.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·15 citations
3. 03*

   Massive graviton dark matter searches with long-baseline atom interferometers

   Diego Blas🇪🇸 · John Carlton🇬🇧 · Christopher McCabe🇬🇧

   Atom interferometers offer exceptional sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) by precisely measuring effects on atomic systems. Previous studies have demonstrated their capability to detect scalar and vector ULDM candidates, yet their potential for probing spin-2 ULDM remains unexplored. In this work, we address this gap by investigating the sensitivity of atom interferometers to spin-2 ULDM across several frameworks for massive gravity, including the Lorentz-invariant Fierz-Pauli case and two distinct Lorentz-violating scenarios. We show that coherent oscillations of the spin-2 ULDM field induce measurable phase shifts in atom interferometers through three coupling mechanisms: scalar interactions that modify atomic energy levels, and vector and tensor effects that alter the propagation of both atoms and light. We demonstrate that these multifaceted interactions enable atom interferometers to probe a range of ULDM properties and mass scales that are inaccessible to laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Our results establish the potential of atom interferometers to open a new experimental frontier for spin-2 dark matter detection.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcphysics.atom-ph+1PRD(2025)·21 citations
4. 04*

   Signals of nonrenormalizable Lorentz and CPT violation at the LHC

   Enrico Lunghi🇺🇸 · Nathaniel Sherrill🇩🇪

   We examine nonrenormalizable Lorentz- and CPT-violating effective operators applied to the quark sector of the Standard Model. Using Drell-Yan events collected by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, several constraints are extracted from time-independent modifications of the cross section on the $Z$-boson pole. The sensitivity to time-dependent modifications are also estimated by simulating a sidereal-time analysis. Our results suggest a dedicated search can improve on constraints from deep inelastic scattering by up to three orders in magnitude.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2025)·4 citations
5. 05*

   Simulation of thermal conduction by asymmetric dark matter in realistic stars and planets

   Hannah Banks🇬🇧 · Stephanie Beram🇨🇦 · Rashaad Reid🇨🇦 · Aaron C. Vincent🇨🇦

   Dark matter captured in stars can act as an additional heat transport mechanism, modifying fusion rates and asteroseismoloigcal observables. Calculations of heat transport rates rely on approximate solutions to the Boltzmann equation, which have never been verified in realistic stars. Here, we simulate heat transport in the Sun, the Earth, and a brown dwarf model, using realistic radial temperature, density, composition and gravitational potential profiles. We show that the formalism developed in arXiv:2111.06895 remains accurate across all celestial objects considered, across a wide range of kinematic regimes, for both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions where scattering with multiple species becomes important. We further investigate evaporation rates of dark matter from the Sun, finding that previous calculations appear robust. Our Monte Carlo simulation software Cosmion is publicly available.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.SRJCAP(2025)·6 citations
6. 06*

   NNLO fits of top-quark mass using total, single-differential and double-differential $t\bar{t}+X$ cross-section data

   S. Alekhin🇩🇪 · M.V. Garzelli🇩🇪 · J. Mazzitelli🇨🇭 · S.-O. Moch🇩🇪 · O. Zenaiev🇩🇪

   We describe the fits of the top-quark mass value at NNLO using as input the double-differential distributions in rapidity and invariant mass of $t\bar{t}$ pairs obtained by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations from unfolding of their experimental data to the parton level, compared to NNLO theory predictions. We consider different state-of-the-art PDF sets, finding results of the fits compatible among each other within uncertainties. On the other hand, we observe some tension among the fits to different datasets.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Using SimTeEx to simplify polynomial expressions with tensors

   Renato M. Fonseca🇪🇸

   Computations with tensors are ubiquitous in fundamental physics, and so is the usage of Einstein's dummy index convention for the contraction of indices. For instance, $T_{ia}{U}_{aj}$ is readily recognized as the same as $T_{ib}{U}_{bj}$, but a computer does not know that T[i,a]U[a,j] is equal to T[i,b]U[b,j]. Furthermore, tensors may have symmetries which can be used to simply expressions: if $U_{ij}$ is antisymmetric, then $\alpha T_{ia}{U}_{aj}+\beta T_{ib}{U}_{jb}=\left(\alpha -\beta \right)T_{ia}{U}_{aj}$. The fact that tensors can have elaborate symmetries, together with the problem of dummy indices, makes it complicated to simplify polynomial expressions with tensors. In this work I will present an algorithm for doing so, which was implemented in the Mathematica package SimTeEx (Simplify Tensor Expressions). It can handle any kind of tensor symmetry.

   hep-phcs.SCgr-qchep-th3 citations
8. 08*

   Gravitational Wave Detection With Plasma Haloscopes

   Rodolfo Capdevilla🇺🇸 · Graciela B. Gelmini🇺🇸 · Jonah Hyman🇺🇸 · Alexander J. Millar🇺🇸 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇮🇹

   Searches for high frequency gravitational waves using cavities based on the Gertsenshtein effect were recently proposed, building off existing axion dark matter experiments. In particular, the sensitivity of axion dark matter experiments using metamaterial plasmas (tunable plasma haloscopes) to gravitational waves has not been explored in detail. Here we perform a full analysis of gravitational wave detection in plasma haloscopes, showing that the baseline design of experiments such as ALPHA is several orders of magnitude less sensitive than previously thought. We show how simple changes to the experiment can recover that sensitivity and lead to a powerful gravitational wave detector in the order of $(10-50)$ GHz frequency range.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·20 citations
9. 09*

   Limits on an Exotic Higgs Decay From a Recast ATLAS Four-Lepton Analysis

   Junyi Cheng🇺🇸 · Rabia Husain🇺🇸 · Lingfeng Li🇺🇸 · Matthew J. Strassler🇺🇸

   The ATLAS collaboration, using 139 fb${}^{-1}$ of 13 TeV collisions from the Large Hadron Collider, has placed limits on the decay of a $Z$ boson to three dark photons. We reproduce the results of the ATLAS analysis, and then recast it as a limit on a exotic Higgs decay mode, in which the Higgs boson decays via a pair of intermediate (pseudo)scalars $a$ to four dark photons $V$ (or some other spin-one meson). Across the mass range for $m_a$ and $m_V$, we find limits on the exotic Higgs branching fraction BR$(H\to aa\to VVVV)$ in the range of $4\times 10^{-5}$ to $1\times 10^{-4}$.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Hyper Stealth Dark Matter and Long-Lived Particles

    George T. Fleming🇺🇸 · Graham D. Kribs🇺🇸 · Ethan T. Neil🇺🇸 · David Schaich🇬🇧 · Pavlos M. Vranas🇺🇸

    A new dark matter candidate is proposed that arises as the lightest baryon from a confining $SU(N)$ gauge theory which equilibrates with the Standard Model only through electroweak interactions. Surprisingly, this candidate can be as light as a few GeV. The lower bound arises from the intersection of two competing requirements: i) the equilibration sector of the model must be sufficiently heavy, at least several TeV, to avoid bounds from colliders, and ii) the lightest dark meson (that may be the dark ${\eta }^{\prime }$, $\sigma$, or the lightest glueball) has suppressed interactions with the SM, and must decay before BBN. The low energy dark sector consists of one flavor that is electrically neutral and an almost electroweak singlet. The dark matter candidate is the lightest baryon consisting of $N$ of these light flavors leading to a highly suppressed elastic scattering rate with the SM. The equilibration sector consists of vector-like dark quarks that transform under the electroweak group, ensuring that the dark sector can reach thermal equilibrium with the SM in the early Universe. The lightest dark meson lifetimes vary between $10^{-3}\lesssim c\tau \lesssim 10^7$~meters, providing an outstanding target for LHC production and experimental detection. We delineate the interplay between the lifetime of the light mesons, the suppressed direct detection cross section of the lightest baryon, and the scale of equilibration sector that can be probed at the LHC.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2025)·6 citations
11. 11*

    Chiral vortical catalysis constrained by LQCD simulations

    Rodrigo M. Nunes🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · William R. Tavares🇧🇷 · Varese S. Timóteo🇧🇷

    Evidences of vortical effects have been recently found by experiments in heavy ion collisions, instigating new insights into the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Considering the effect of rotations, lattice QCD data shows that the temperatures for deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration should increase with real angular velocity, and the dominant effects are related to gluonic degrees of freedom. These findings could be essential for quark models in rotating systems that lack gluonic interactions, which predicts the decreasing of the chiral temperature transition with the angular velocity. To address this issue properly, in this work we apply the two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model to explore the phase diagram in a rotating rigid cylinder with constant angular velocity in the mean field approximation. To circumvent the absence of gluons, we propose the application of an effective coupling dependent of the angular velocity, fitted to match the pseudocritical temperature of chiral phase transition in the model through lattice QCD data. Our results indicate that the running coupling induces the enhancement of the chiral condensate as a function of angular velocity, strengthening the breaking of chiral symmetry, an effect previously dubbed as chiral vortical catalysis. For the chiral susceptibility we observe stronger fluctuations around the transition temperature when we consider the running coupling. The phase diagram is affected by these findings shifting the critical end point (CEP) to higher temperatures and chemical potentials.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·15 citations
12. 12*

    Unconventional Searches for Exotic Particles at Future Lepton Colliders

    Nilanjana Kumar🇮🇳

    The main aim of the the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments is to search for exotic particles with masses in the TeV range as predicted by Beyond Standard Model (BSM) theories. However, there is no hint of BSM around TeV scale so far. Hence, it is possible that the exotic particles are heavier and larger centre of mass energy is needed to observe them. Alternatively, the future lepton colliders offer a comparatively cleaner environment than the LHC which is advantageous to detect light exotic particles. Lepton colliders, like the International Linear Collider, provide the opportunity to detect exotic particles at energies below the TeV scale. The Muon Collider, once fully operational, will have the capability to observe exotic particles at and beyond the TeV scale. The search for BSM particles typically assumes a minimal scenario where only one type of BSM particle couples with the Standard Model (SM) sector. But there are theories which involve such interactions of multiple BSM particles. Here I discusses a specific model featuring a fermionic quintuplet and a scalar quartet that interact before decaying into SM particles. This model yields distinctive signatures characterized by high lepton and jet multiplicities, making it a promising candidate for detection at future lepton colliders.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Ultraviolet Completion of a Two-loop Neutrino Mass Model

    K.S. Babu🇺🇸 · Shaikh Saad🇸🇮

    The Zee-Babu model is an economical framework for neutrino mass generation as two-loop quantum corrections. In this work, we present a UV completion of this model by embedding it into an $SU(5)$ unified framework. Interestingly, we find that loop-induced contributions to neutrino masses arising from colored scalars are just as important as those from color-neutral ones. These new states, which are required from gauge coupling unification and neutrino oscillation data to have masses below $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ TeV, may be accessible to future collider experiments. Additionally, the model can be probed in proton decay searches. Our Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of model parameters shows a high likelihood of observable $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ decay signal in the first decade of Hyper-Kamiokande operation. The model predicts a vector-like down-type quark at the TeV scale, utilized for realistic fermion mass generation and gauge coupling unification. The model is UV-complete in the sense that it is a unified theory which is realistic and asymptotically free that can be extrapolated to the Planck scale.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Electric Dipole Moments From Missed Dark Matter Scattering

    Jason L. Evans🇨🇳

    Axion-like particles are a well-motivated candidate for ultralight dark matter. Because dark matter must be non-relativistic, the effects of its scattering with Standard Model particles are negligible and generally go unnoticed. However, due to the large occupation number of ultralight dark matter, the sum of all scatterings leads to a classical field-like interaction with Standard Model particles. In the case of an axion-like particle, this scattering imparts a parity violating effect. If this collective scattering with axion-like particles is inserted into the one-loop quantum electrodynamics diagram, the parity violation imparted by this scattering will convert the anomalous magnetic moment contribution into an electric dipole moment. This contribution is quite large and leads to a prediction inconsistent with precision measurements of the proton and electron electric dipole moments, unless their couplings to the axion-like particles are very weak. As a result, the constraints on the couplings of axion-like particle dark matter to the electron and proton are improved by as much as eleven and six orders of magnitude, respectively.

    hep-ph2 citations
15. 15*

    Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background and Neutrino Non-Radiative Decay: a Bayesian Perspective

    Noah Roux🇫🇷 · M. Cristina Volpe🇫🇷

    Neutrinos being massive could undergo non-radiative decay, a property for which the diffuse supernova neutrino background has a unique sensitivity. We extend previous analyses to explore our ability to disentangle predictions for the diffuse supernova neutrino background in presence or absence of neutrino non-radiative two-body decay. In a three-neutrino framework, we give predictions of the corresponding neutrino fluxes and the expected number of events in the Super-Kamiokande+Gadolinium, the Hyper-Kamiokande, the JUNO and the DUNE experiments. In our analysis, we employ supernova simulations from different groups and include current uncertainties from both the evolving core-collapse supernova rate and the fraction of failed supernovae. We perform the first Bayesian analysis to see our ability to disentangle the cases in presence and absence of neutrino decay. To this aim we combine the expected events in inverse beta-decay and the neutrino-argon detection channels. We also discuss neutrino-electron, neutrino-proton and of neutrino-oxygen scattering. Our investigation covers the different possible decay patterns for normal mass ordering, both strongly-hierarchical and quasi-degenerate as well as the inverted neutrino mass ordering.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-exJCAP(2025)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Probing the soft rescattering parameters in $B$ decays involving a scalar meson with QCD factorization

    Jing-Juan Qi🇨🇳 · Zhen-Yang Wang🇨🇳 · Zhen-Hua Zhang🇨🇳 · Ke-Wei Wei🇨🇳 · Xin-Heng Guo🇨🇳

    In this work, the soft rescattering parameters in the $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays with the light scalar meson $f_0(500)$ as the intermediate resonance are studied within the QCD factorization. Considering the interference effect between $\rho (770{)}^0$ and $f_0(500)$, we utilize the experimentally more direct event yields for fitting and get the soft rescattering parameters $|{\rho }_k^{SP}|=3.29\pm 1.01$ and $|{\rho }_k^{PS}|=2.33\pm 0.73$ in $B\to PS$ and $B\to SP$ decays ($P$ and $S$ denote pseudoscalar and scalar mesons, respectively), respectively. We also study the branching ratios and $CP$ asymmetries in the decay modes involving other scalar mesons, including $f_0(980)$, $a_0(980)$, $a_0(1450)$ and $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$, to test the rationality of the values of $|{\rho }_k^{SP}|$ and $|{\rho }_k^{PS}|$. Meanwhile, the wealth of experimental data facilitate the examination of the forward-backward asymmetry induced $CP$ asymmetries (FB-CPAs), and the localized $CP$ asymmetries (LACPs). We investigate these asymmetries resulting from the interference between $\rho (770{)}^0$ and $f_0(500)$ for $B^{\pm }\to {\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $B^{\pm }\to K^{\pm }{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays when the invariant mass of ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ locates in the low-energy region $0.445\mathrm{GeV}<m_{\pi \pi }<0.795\mathrm{GeV}$. Our theoretical results of FB-CPAs and LACPs align with the experimental findings. We propose that the interference between $\rho (770{)}^0$ and $f_0(500)$ can be extended to other beauty and charmed mesons decays.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·1 citation
17. 17*

    Baryonic Axion in neutron-antineutron oscillation

    Théo Brugeat🇫🇷

    The accidental baryonic symmetry is expected to be broken and required from the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. The neutron-antineutron oscillating system is the hallmark of $\Delta \mathcal{B}=2$ models which have the benefits of not inducing proton decay. We study this system in a framework allowing the most general couplings to understand how a dark matter candidate such as the axion may couple to the oscillation. In particular a Rabi resonance phenomenon occurs, and this effect is unconstrained for Axion Like Particles (ALPs) models. Regarding the QCD axion, its Goldstone nature leads to a robust exclusion of the majority of scenarios allowed.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
18. 18*

    Status of two-loop automation in OpenLoops

    Natalie Schär🇨🇭 · Max F. Zoller🇨🇭

    The calculation of hard scattering amplitudes up to NLO is automated in numerical tools, such as OpenLoops. The LHC and future experiments, however, demand high-precision predictions at NNLO and beyond for a wide range of particle processes. Hence, the development of a fully automated tool for numerical NNLO calculations is an important goal. In order to perform a numerical calculation, we decompose $D$-dimensional two-loop amplitudes into Feynman integrals with four-dimensional numerators and $(D-4)$-dimensional remainders, which contribute to the finite result through the interaction with the poles of Feynman integrals and are reconstructed during the subtraction procedure for these poles from universal rational terms. The integrals with four-dimensional numerators are further decomposed into loop momentum tensor integrals and tensor coefficients. We present the status of OpenLoops with respect to these building blocks. The algorithm for the construction of the tensor coefficients is implemented for QED and QCD corrections to the SM in a fully automated way. Recently, the renormalisation procedure and the reconstruction of the interplay of $(D-4)$-dimensional numerator parts with UV poles through two-loop rational counterterms has been implemented and validated using an in-house library for the reduction of simple tensor integrals.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
19. 19*

    Predictions of masses for light hybrid baryons

    Qi-Nan Wang🇨🇳 · Ding-Kun Lian🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳 · Hui-Min Yang🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · J. Ho🇺🇸 · T. G. Steele🇨🇦

    Within the method of parity-projected QCD sum rules, we study the mass spectra of light hybrid baryons with $I(J^P)=1/2(1/2^{\pm }),3/2(1/2^{\pm }),1/2(3/2^{\pm }),3/2(3/2^{\pm })$ by constructing the local $qqqg$ interpolating currents. We calculate the correlation functions up to dimension eight condensates at the leading order of ${\alpha }_s$. The stable QCD Lapalce sum rules can be established for the positive-parity $N_{1/2^{+}},{\Delta }_{3/2^{+}},{\Delta }_{1/2^{+}}$ and negative-parity $N_{1/2^{-}},N_{3/2^{-}},{\Delta }_{1/2^{-}}$ channels to extract their mass spectra. The lowest-lying hybrid baryons are predicted to be the positive-parity $N_{1/2^{+}}$ state around 2.01 GeV. These hybrid baryons mainly decay into conventional baryon plus meson final states. We propose to search for the light hybrid baryons through the ${\rm Y}/\psi (3686)$ decays via the three-gluon emission mechanism in BESIII and BelleII experiments. Hopefully our studies of the light hybrid baryons will be useful for understanding the excited baryon spectrum and the behavior of gluonic degrees of freedom in QCD.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2026)·5 citations
20. 20*

    Light scalars within the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-conserving Aligned-two-Higgs-doublet model

    Antonio M. Coutinho🇪🇸 · Anirban Karan🇪🇸 · Víctor Miralles🇬🇧 · Antonio Pich🇪🇸

    In this article we study the possibility that neutral and charged scalars lighter than the 125 GeV Higgs boson might exist within the framework of the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-conserving Aligned-two-Higgs-doublet model. Depending on which new scalar (scalars) is (are) light, seven different scenarios may be considered. Using the open-source code HEPfit, which relies on Bayesian statistics, we perform global fits for all seven light-mass scenarios. The constraints arising from vacuum stability, perturbativity, electroweak precision observables, flavour observables, Higgs signal strengths, and direct-detection results at the LEP and the LHC are taken into account. Reinterpreted data from slepton searches are considered too. It turns out that the seven scenarios contain sizeable regions of their parameter space compatible with all current data. Although not included in the global fits, the possible implications of $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ are also addressed.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·27 citations
21. 21*

    Robust estimates of theoretical uncertainties at fixed-order in perturbation theory

    Matthew A. Lim🇬🇧 · Rene Poncelet🇵🇱

    Calculations truncated at a fixed order in perturbation theory are accompanied by an associated theoretical uncertainty, which encodes the missing higher orders (MHOU). This is typically estimated by a scale variation procedure, which has well-known shortcomings. In this work, we propose a simple prescription to directly encode the missing higher order terms using theory nuisance parameters (TNPs) and estimate the uncertainty by their variation. We study multiple processes relevant for Large Hadron Collider physics at next-to-leading and next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory, obtaining MHOU estimates for differential observables in each case. In cases where scale variations are well-behaved we are able to replicate their effects using TNPs, while we find significant improvement in cases where scale variation typically underestimates the uncertainty.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·20 citations
22. 22*

    Constraining $B$-Mesogenesis models with inclusive and exclusive decays

    Alexander Lenz🇩🇪 · Ali Mohamed🇩🇪 · Zachary Wüthrich🇩🇪

    The $B$-Mesogenesis model explains the matter-antimatter asymmetry and leads to the right amount of dark matter in the Universe. In particular, this model predicts new decay channels of the $b$ quark. We investigate the modification of inclusive $b$-hadron decay rates and of the lifetimes of different $B$ mesons due to these new decay channels and compare our results with available predictions for exclusive $B$ meson decays. We find a small surviving parameter space where the $B$-Mesogenesis model is working and which has not been excluded by experiment. Experimental investigations in the near future should be able to test this remaining parameter space and thus either exclude or confirm the $B$-Mesogenesis model.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·6 citations
23. 23*

    The Line operators in the G2HDM model

    Rui Yang🇨🇳 · Jiaming Guo🇨🇳 · Linghai Li🇨🇳 · Xun Xue🇨🇳 · Tzu-Chiang Yuan🇹🇼

    We investigate the global structure of the Gauged Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (G2HDM), a framework that extends the Standard Model by introducing a dark sector governed by the gauge symmetry $U(1{)}_X\times SU(2{)}_H$. The full gauge symmetry of the theory, including the visible sector, is given by the universal covering group $\tilde{G}=U(1{)}_Y\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(3{)}_C\times U(1{)}_X\times SU(2{)}_H$. However, the true gauge group may instead be a quotient $G=\tilde{G}/\Gamma$, where $\Gamma$ is the center of $\tilde{G}$ or a subgroup thereof, leading to different global structures that cannot be distinguished by local experiments.We explore the physical implications of these global structures, analyzing their effects on Wilson, 't Hooft, and dyonic line operators, as well as the periodicity of the CP-violating $\theta$-angles associated with each group factor. Furthermore, we determine the minimal electric and magnetic charges that arise after electroweak symmetry breaking, highlighting their dependence on the choice of $\Gamma$. These findings provide a systematic characterization of the G2HDM's global properties and their potential phenomenological consequences.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·2 citations
24. 24*

    How many interactions does it take to modify a jet?

    Chiara Le Roux🇸🇪 · José Guilherme Milhano🇵🇹 · Korinna Zapp🇸🇪

    It is a continued open question how there can be an azimuthal anisotropy of high $p_{\perp }$ particles quantified by a sizable $v_2$ in p+Pb collisions when, at the same time, the nuclear modification factor $R_{\text{AA}}$ is consistent with unity. We address this puzzle within the framework of the jet quenching model \textsc{Jewel}. In the absence of reliable medium models for small collision systems we use the number of scatterings per parton times the squared Debye mass to characterise the strength of medium modifications. Working with a simple brick medium model we show that, for small systems and not too strong modifications, $R_{\text{AA}}$ and $v_2$ approximately scale with this quantity. We find that a comparatively large number of scatterings is needed to generate measurable jet quenching. Our results indicate that the $R_{\text{AA}}$ corresponding to the observed $v_2$ could fall within the experimental uncertainty. Thus, while there is currently no contradiction with the measurements, our results indicate that $v_2$ and $R_{\text{AA}}$ go hand-in-hand. We also discuss departures from scaling, in particular, due to sizable inelastic energy loss.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
25. 25*

    Neutrino electromagnetic properties and sterile dipole portal in light of the first solar CE$\nu$NS data

    Valentina De Romeri🇪🇸 · Dimitrios K. Papoulias🇪🇸 · Gonzalo Sanchez Garcia🇪🇸 · Christoph A. Ternes🇮🇹 · Mariam Tórtola🇪🇸

    Despite being neutral particles, neutrinos can acquire non-zero electromagnetic properties from radiative corrections that can be induced by the presence of new physics. Electromagnetic neutrino processes induce spectral distortions in neutrino scattering data, which are especially visible at experiments characterized by low recoil thresholds. We investigate how neutrino electromagnetic properties confront the recent indication of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) from ${}^8$B solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments. We focus on three possibilities: neutrino magnetic moments, neutrino electric charges, and the active-sterile transition magnetic moment portal. We analyze recent XENONnT and PandaX-4T data and infer the first \cevns-based constraints on electromagnetic properties using solar ${}^8$B neutrinos.

    hep-phhep-exJCAP(2025)·28 citations
26. 26*

    Screening masses of positive- and negative-parity hadron ground-states, including those with strangeness

    Chen Chen🇨🇳 · Fei Gao🇨🇳 · Si-xue Qin🇨🇳

    Using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector $\times$ vector contact interaction (SCI) at nonzero temperature, we compute the screening masses of flavour-SU(3) ground-state $J^P=0^{\pm }$, $1^{\pm }$ mesons, and $J^P=1/2^{\pm }$, $3/2^{\pm }$ baryons. We find that all correlation channels allowed at $T=0$ persist when the temperature increases, even above the QCD phase transition. The results for mesons qualitatively agree with those obtained from the contemporary lattice-regularised quantum chromodynamics (lQCD) simulations. One of the most remarkable features is that each parity-partner-pair degenerates when $T>T_c$, with $T_c$ being the critical temperature. For each pair, the screening mass of the negative parity meson increases monotonously with temperature. In contrast, the screening mass of the meson with positive parity is almost invariant on the domain $T\lesssim T_c/2$; when $T$ gets close to $T_c$, it decreases but soon increases again and finally degenerates with its parity partner, which signals the restoration of chiral symmetry. We also find that the $T$-dependent behaviours of baryon screening masses are quite similar to those of the mesons. For baryons, the dynamical, nonpointlike diquark correlations play a crucial role in the screening mass evolution. We further calculate the evolution of the fraction of each kind of diquark within baryons respective to temperature. We observe that, at high temperatures, only $J=0$ scalar and pseudoscalar diquark correlations can survive within $J^P=1/2^{\pm }$ baryons.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·12 citations
27. 27*

    Constraints and Sensitivities for Dipole-Portal Heavy Neutral Leptons from ND280 and its Upgrade

    Ming-Shau Liu🇬🇧 · Nicholas Kamp🇺🇸 · Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸

    We report new constraints and sensitivities to heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) with transition magnetic moments, also known as dipole-portal HNLs. This is accomplished using data from the T2K ND280 near detector in addition to the projected three-year dataset of the upgraded ND280 detector. Dipole-portal HNLs have been extensively studied in the literature and offer a potential explanation for the $4.8\sigma$ MiniBooNE anomaly. To perform our analysis, we simulate HNL decays to $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pairs in the gaseous time projection chambers of the ND280 detector and its upgrade. Recasting an ND280 search for mass-mixed HNLs, we find that ND280 data places world-leading constraints on dipole-portal HNLs in the 390-743\,{\rm MeV} mass range, disfavoring the region of parameter space favored by the MiniBooNE anomaly. The addition of three years of ND280 upgrade data will be able to disfavor the MiniBooNE solution at the $5\sigma$ confidence level and extend the world-leading constraints to dipole-portal HNLs in the 148-860\,{\rm MeV} mass range. Our analysis suggests that ND280 data excludes dipole-portal HNLs as a solution to the MiniBooNE excess, motivating a dedicated search within the T2K collaboration and potentially highlighting the need for alternative explanations for the MiniBooNE anomaly.

    hep-phphysics.ins-detPRD(2025)·5 citations
28. 28*

    Leptoquark-induced radiative masses for active and sterile neutrinos within the framework of the 3-3-1 model

    A. Doff🇧🇷 · João Paulo Pinheiro🇪🇸 · C. A. de S. Pires🇧🇷

    In this work, we introduce the minimal set of leptoquarks into the 3-3-1 model with right-handed neutrinos, capable of generating radiative masses for active neutrinos. As a main consequence, the standard neutrinos acquire small Majorana masses at the one-loop level, while right-handed (sterile) neutrinos obtain small Majorana masses at the two-loop level, naturally making them light particles as well. Additionally, we discuss the viability of this scenario and several other interesting phenomenological consequences, including its impact on $B$-meson physics and rare Higgs decays, both of which are also induced by the leptoquarks.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·3 citations
29. 29*

    General form of effective operators from hidden sectors

    Aqeel Ahmed🇩🇪 · Zackaria Chacko🇺🇸 · Ina Flood🇺🇸 · Can Kilic🇺🇸 · Saereh Najjari🇩🇪

    We perform a model-independent analysis of the dimension-six terms that are generated in the low energy effective theory when a hidden sector that communicates with the Standard Model (SM) through a specific portal operator is integrated out. We work within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework and consider the Higgs, neutrino and hypercharge portals. We find that, for each portal, the forms of the leading dimension-six terms in the low-energy effective theory are fixed and independent of the dynamics in the hidden sector. For the Higgs portal, we find that two independent dimension-six terms are generated, one of which has a sign that, under certain conditions, is fixed by the requirement that the dynamics in the hidden sector be causal and unitary. In the case of the neutrino portal, for a single generation of SM fermions and assuming that the hidden sector does not violate lepton number, a unique dimension-six term is generated, which corresponds to a specific linear combination of operators in the Warsaw basis. For the hypercharge portal, a unique dimension-six term is generated, which again corresponds to a specific linear combination of operators in the Warsaw basis. For both the neutrino and hypercharge portals, under certain conditions, the signs of these terms are fixed by the requirement that the hidden sector be causal and unitary. We perform a global fit of these dimension-six terms to electroweak precision observables, Higgs measurements and diboson production data and determine the current bounds on their coefficients.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·5 citations
30. 30*

    Monodromic transparency of axion domain walls

    Simone Blasi🇩🇪

    We revisit the study of light interacting with QCD axion domain walls from the perspective of the non-linear axion coupling to photons, $g(a)F\tilde{F}$, which encodes the effects related to the breaking of the axion shift symmetry including the well-known mixing with meson states. As the axion makes an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ excursion of its fundamental period around strings and domain walls, the standard linear coupling to photons is generally insufficient to accurately describe the interaction of light with the defects, and one needs to consider the full structure of $g(a)$. We take this into account in evaluating the friction experienced by axion domain walls moving in a thermal bath of photons, as well as in deriving the birefringent properties of the walls. This clarifies some results in the literature dealing with a special cancellation that takes place for the QCD axion with the electromagnetic and color anomaly as predicted by minimal Grand Unified Theories.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·6 citations
31. 31*

    Symmetry breaking effects in pion couplings to constituent quark currents

    Fabio L. Braghin🇧🇷

    Pseudoscalar and axial neutral and charged pion-constituent quark coupling constants are investigated with nondegenerate quark masses in different kinematical points, off shell and on shell pions and constituent quarks. By considering a large quark mass expansion of a quark determinant in the presence of local pion field and of constituent quark background currents, gluonic effects are considered by means of an effective gluon propagator that dresses quark currents. For the neutral pion, mixing effects are introduced by means of the pion mixing to states $P_0$ and $P_8$, that give rise to the ${\pi }^0-\eta -{\eta }^{\prime }$ meson mixing, and mixing of quark currents via corresponding mixing interactions. The relative behavior of charged and neutral pion coupling constants to quarks may be nearly the same - in the framework of the constituent quark model - as the pion-nucleon coupling constants if mixings are introduced. A very small pion coupling to strange quark current is also obtained. The dependence of the positive and negative pion-constituent quark coupling constant on the non-degeneracy of quark masses, for emission and absorption processes, is identified.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJA(2025)·0 citations
32. 32*

    Cosmology-Independent Constraints on Irreducible Magnetic Monopole Background

    Syuhei Iguro🇯🇵 · Varun Mathur🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵

    We present a novel mechanism for the irreducible production of magnetic monopoles from interactions of cosmic rays and interstellar medium (ISM). Resulting monopoles drain energy from galactic magnetic fields, disrupting their formation and sustainability. We generalize conventional Parker bounds to monopoles with extended energy spectrum and, considering cosmic ray ISM monopole production, set novel constraints from disruption of Milky Way Galactic magnetic fields and their seeds. Further, we set first constraints on disruption of galactic magnetic fields and their seeds of Andromeda galaxy, with results being competitive with distinct existing bounds. Unlike Parker limits of previous works that relied on cosmological monopoles, our constraints are independent of cosmological monopole production or their primordial abundance. Besides, we estimate new constraints on dipole magnetic moments generated from cosmic ray ISM interactions. We discuss implications for monopoles with generalized magnetic charges.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEJCAP(2025)·2 citations
33. 33*

    Contrasting Pseudoscalar Higgs and Toponium States at the LHC and Beyond

    Abdelhak Djouadi🇪🇸 · John Ellis🇬🇧 · Jeremie Quevillon🇫🇷

    We discuss ways to discriminate at hadron colliders between a quasi-bound toponium state and a pseudoscalar Higgs boson A, as predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model. We apply the discussion to the excess of t tbar threshold events recently observed at the LHC by the CMS collaboration \cite{CMS}, which could in principle be due to either possibility. Working in an effective theory in which only an additional pseudoscalar A boson is present in the spectrum, with a mass above the 2 m_t threshold and a significant coupling to top quarks, we discuss the interference between A production in the dominant gluon-fusion process gg \to A with subsequent A\to t tbar decays, and the QCD continuum background, gg\to t tbar. While this interference is absent in the case of toponium, it is essential for evaluating A production. It is difficult to resolve the peak/dip structure that it generates because of the experimental smearing of the t tbar invariant mass spectrum. However, by comparing the total A production rates for different integration domains of the t tbar invariant mass or, eventually, at different center of mass energies, one may be able to observe its effects. We then discuss additional mechanisms for A production in pp collisions, including loop-induced production in association with the lighter h boson, gg \to hA, and production in association with top-quark pairs, gg/q\bar q \to t tbar. A These mechanisms have small cross sections at the LHC, and their observation will necessitate higher luminosities or collider energies.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2025)·17 citations
34. 34*

    A holographic study on QCD phase transition and neutron star properties

    Xin-Yi Liu🇨🇳 · Yue-Liang Wu🇨🇳 · Zhen Fang🇨🇳

    We investigate the QCD phase transition and its phase structure within Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-scalar system and compare the results with those obtained from the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton system. It is shown that both models reproduce behavior consistent with lattice QCD. In particular, the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-scalar system exhibits a first-order phase transition in the pure gauge sector, aligning with predictions from Yang-Mills theory. Based on these models, we construct a holographic model for neutron stars, incorporating leptons to satisfy electric charge neutrality, and examine the cold equation of state, the mass-radius relation, and tidal deformability of neutron stars. It is demonstrated that the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-scalar system enables us to describe neutron star properties that meet current astrophysical constraints.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEEPJC(2025)·8 citations
35. 35*

    On Determining ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)$ from Dijets in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Thrust

    Miguel A. Benitez🇪🇸 · Andre H. Hoang🇦🇹 · Vicent Mateu🇪🇸 · Iain W. Stewart🇺🇸 · Gherardo Vita🇨🇭

    We update a previous N${}^3$LL${}^{\prime }$+$\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ determination of the strong coupling from a global fit to thrust data by including newly available perturbative ingredients, upgrading the renormalization scales to include a fully canonical scaling region, and implementing the log resummation in a way which ensures the integrated cross section is unaffected by the the leading $1/Q$ hadronization power corrections. Detailed discussions are provided concerning the stability of the results under variations of the fit range and the importance of summing up higher-order logarithmic terms for convergence and stability. We show that high-precision results can be achieved even when carrying out a more conservative fit by restricting the dataset to a region which is more clearly dominated by dijet events. This leads to ${\alpha }_s(m_Z)=0.1136\pm 0.0012$ with ${\chi }^2/\mathrm{dof}=0.86$, fully compatible with earlier results using a larger fit range. We also demonstrate that a number of additional effects associated to power corrections have a small impact on this fit result, including modifications to the renormalon substraction scheme for dijet power corrections and the inclusion of three-jet power correction models. The fit is also shown to provide very good agreement with data outside the fit range.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2025)·43 citations
36. 36*

    Flavor at FASER: Discovering Light Scalars Beyond Minimal Flavor Violation

    Reuven Balkin🇺🇸 · Noam Burger🇮🇱 · Jonathan L. Feng🇺🇸 · Yael Shadmi🇮🇱

    We study a simple class of flavored scalar models, in which the couplings of a new light scalar to standard-model fermions are controlled by the flavor symmetry responsible for fermion masses and mixings. The scalar couplings are then aligned with the Yukawa matrices, with small but nonzero flavor-violating entries. $D$-meson decays are an important source of scalar production in these models, in contrast to models assuming minimal flavor violation, in which $B$ and $K$ decays dominate. We show that FASER2 can probe large portions of the parameter space of the models, with comparable numbers of scalars from $B$ and $D$ decays in some regions. If discovered, these particles will not only provide evidence of new physics, but they may also shed new light on the standard model flavor puzzle. Finally, the richness of theoretical models underscores the importance of model-independent interpretations. We therefore analyze the sensitivity of FASER and other experimental searches in terms of physical parameters:~(i) the branching fractions of heavy mesons to the scalar, and (ii) $\tau /m$, where $\tau$ and $m$ are the scalar's lifetime and mass, respectively. The results are largely independent of the new particle's spin and can be used to extract constraints on a wide variety of models.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·7 citations
37. 37*

    Global parametrizations of $\pi \pi$ scattering with dispersive constraints: Beyond the S0 wave

    J. R. Peláez🇪🇸 · P. Rabán🇪🇸 · J. Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸

    We provide new global parametrizations of $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ scattering for the S2, P, D, F, and G partial waves up to at least 1.8 GeV, easy to implement for phenomenological use. With earlier S0-wave parametrizations, slightly updated here, they reproduce previous partial wave dispersion analyses up to the $\pi \omega$ threshold. In addition, these new parametrizations have improved their description of recent P-wave data, the inelasticity in various waves, and their fulfillment of Roy-like and forward dispersion relations. The latter now test very high partial waves and have an improved matching with the Regge regime, extending those with P-wave contributions up to 1.6 GeV. Above 1.6 GeV and up to 1.8 GeV, or sometimes somewhat beyond, the parametrizations are simple unconstrained fits to data.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·24 citations
38. 38*

    Impact of DESI BAO Data on Inflationary Parameters: stability against late-time new physics

    Simony Santos da Costa🇮🇹

    In this work, I investigate the impact of Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) data on cosmological parameters, focusing on the inflationary spectral index $n_s$, the amplitude of scalar perturbations $A_s$, and the matter density parameter ${\omega }_m$. By examining different models of late-time new physics, the inflationary parameters were revealed to be stable when compared with the baseline dataset that used the earlier BAO data from the SDSS collaboration. When combined with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), DESI BAO data leads to a slight reduction in ${\omega }_m$ (less than 2\%) and modest changes in $A_s$ and $n_s$, if compared with the same combination but using SDSS BAO data instead, suggesting a subtle shift in matter clustering. These effects may be attributed to a higher expansion rate from dynamical dark energy, changes in the recombination period, or modifications to the matter-radiation equality time. Further analyses of models with dynamical dark energy and free curvature show a consistent trend of reduced ${\omega }_m$, accompanied by slight increases in both $n_s$ and $H_0$. The results emphasize the importance of the DESI BAO data in refining cosmological parameter estimates and highlight the stability of inflationary parameters across different late-time cosmological models.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2025)·16 citations
39. 39*

    Towards a differential $\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}\mathrm{W}$ cross section measurement at CMS

    David Marckx (for the CMS Collaboration)🇧🇪

    Top quark pair production in association with a W boson is a rare standard model process that has proven to be an intriguing puzzle for theorists and experimentalists alike. Recent measurements, performed at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, by both the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations at the CERN LHC, find cross section values that are consistently higher than the latest state-of-the-art theory predictions. In this presentation, both experimental and theoretical challenges in the pursuit of a better understanding of this process are discussed. Furthermore, a framework for a future differential measurement to be performed with the Run 2 CMS data (collected in 2016-2018) is proposed.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2026)·0 citations
40. 40*

    Free streaming of warm wave dark matter in modified expansion histories

    Andrew J. Long🇺🇸 · Moira Venegas🇺🇸

    In models of warm dark matter, there is an appreciable population of high momentum particles in the early universe, which free stream out of primordial over/under densities, thereby prohibiting the growth of structure on small length scales. The distance that a dark matter particle travels without obstruction, known as the free streaming length, depends on the particle's mass and momentum, but also on the cosmological expansion rate. In this way, measurements of the linear matter power spectrum serve to probe warm dark matter as well as the cosmological expansion history. In this work, we focus on ultra-light wave wave dark matter (WWDM) characterized by a typical comoving momentum $q_{\ast }$ and mass $m$. We first derive constraints on the WWDM parameter space $(q_{\ast },m)$ using Lyman-$\alpha$ forest observations due to a combination of the free-streaming effect and the white-noise effect. We next assess how the free streaming of WWDM is affected by three modified expansion histories: early matter domination, early dark energy, and very early dark energy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·12 citations
41. 41*

    Diversity and universality: evolution of dwarf galaxies with self-interacting dark matter

    Zhichao Carton Zeng🇺🇸 · Annika H. G. Peter🇺🇸 · Xiaolong Du🇺🇸 · Andrew Benson🇺🇸 · Jiaxuan Li🇺🇸 · Charlie Mace🇺🇸 · Shengqi Yang

    Dark matter halos with self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) experience a unique evolutionary phenomenon, in that their central regions eventually collapse to high density through the runaway gravothermal process after initially forming a large and low-density core. When coupled with orbital evolution, this is expected to naturally produce a large diversity in dark-matter halos' inner mass distribution, potentially explaining the diversity problem of dwarf galaxies. However, it remains unknown how the diversity in SIDM dark-matter halos propagates to the more easily observed luminous matter at the center of the halo, especially the stellar component. In this work, we use idealized N-body simulations with two species of particles (dark matter and stars) to study the response of the stellar properties of field and satellite dwarf galaxies to SIDM evolution and orbital effects on their halos. Galaxies' stellar components, including galaxy size, mass-to-light ratio, and stellar velocity dispersion, display a much larger scatter in SIDM than the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model. Importantly, we find signs of universality in the evolution pathways, or "tidal tracks", of SIDM dwarf satellites, which are physically interpretable and potentially parameterizable. This type of tidal-track model can be layered onto larger-scale, cosmological simulations to reconstruct the evolution of populations of SIDM dwarfs in cases where high-resolution simulations of galaxies are otherwise prohibitively expensive.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
42. 42*

    Probing Solar Heavy Neutrinos with Heliospheric Electrons

    Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Jan Heisig🇩🇪 · Valentin Weber🇧🇪

    We search for an excess of electrons and positrons in the interplanetary space from the decays of heavy neutrinos produced in nuclear reactions in the Sun. Using measurements of the electron spectra in the MeV range from the Ulysses and SOHO satellites, we report the strongest direct upper bound to date on the mixing between heavy neutral leptons with MeV masses and electron neutrinos, reaching $U_e^2\simeq 10^{-6}$ at $M_N=10$MeV. Our sensitivity is predominantly constrained by the uncertainties in the propagation of electrons and positrons, particularly the diffusion coefficient in the inner Solar System, as well as the uncertainties in the astrophysical background. Enhancing our understanding of either of these factors could lead to a significant improvement in sensitivity.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phnucl-exPRD(2025)·4 citations
43. 43*

    Differential cross section measurements of top quark pair production for variables of the dineutrino system with the CMS experiment

    Sandra Consuegra Rodríguez (on behalf of the CMS Collaboration)🇩🇪

    Differential top quark pair cross sections are measured in the dilepton final state as a function of kinematic variables associated to the dineutrino system. The measurements are performed making use of the Run 2 dataset collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC collider, corresponding to proton-proton collisions recorded at center of mass energy of 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 138 fb${}^{-1}$. The measured cross sections are found in agreement with theory predictions and Monte Carlo simulations of standard model processes.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.data-anSciPost Phys.Proc.(2026)·1 citation
44. 44*

    The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) program

    I. Gil-Botella🇪🇸

    The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment aimed at determining the neutrino mass hierarchy and the CP-violating phase. The DUNE physics program also includes the detection of astrophysical neutrinos and the search for signatures beyond the Standard Model, such as nucleon decays. DUNE consists of a near detector complex located at Fermilab and four 17 kton Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) far detector modules to be built 1.5 km underground at SURF, approximately 1300 km away. The detectors are exposed to a wideband neutrino beam generated by a 1.2 MW proton beam with a planned upgrade to > 2 MW. Two 770 ton LArTPCs (ProtoDUNEs) have been operated at CERN for over 2 years as a testbed for DUNE far detectors and have been optimized to take new cosmic and test-beam data in 2024-2025. The DUNE and ProtoDUNE experiments and physics goals, as well as recent progress and results, are presented.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detPoS(2025)·2 citations
45. 45*

    Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the Second Workshop

    Adam Abdalla🇩🇪 · Mahiro Abe🇺🇸 · Sven Abend🇩🇪 · Mouine Abidi🇩🇪 · Monika Aidelsburger🇩🇪 · Ashkan Alibabaei🇩🇪 · Baptiste Allard🇫🇷 · John Antoniadis🇬🇷 · Gianluigi Arduini🇨🇭 · Nadja Augst🇩🇪 · Philippos Balamatsias🇬🇷 · Antun Balaz🇷🇸 and 297 other authors

    This summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry (TVLBAI) Workshop provides a comprehensive overview of our meeting held in London in April 2024, building on the initial discussions during the inaugural workshop held at CERN in March 2023. Like the summary of the first workshop, this document records a critical milestone for the international atom interferometry community. It documents our concerted efforts to evaluate progress, address emerging challenges, and refine strategic directions for future large-scale atom interferometry projects. Our commitment to collaboration is manifested by the integration of diverse expertise and the coordination of international resources, all aimed at advancing the frontiers of atom interferometry physics and technology, as set out in a Memorandum of Understanding signed by over 50 institutions.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.IMgr-qchep-ph+1EPJ Quant.Technol.(2025)·35 citations
46. 46*

    Thermal dilepton polarization and dynamics of the QCD plasma in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇦 · Han Gao🇨🇦 · Bailey Forster🇨🇦 · Charles Gale🇨🇦 · Greg Jackson🇫🇷 · Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦

    We present the first theoretical study of the polarization of lepton pairs produced in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC, using next-to-leading order (NLO) dilepton emission rates. These calculations employ a multi-stage framework to simulate the evolution of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and to explore the sensitivity of polarization to early times. It is found that the intermediate invariant-mass dileptons are indeed probes of the thermal equilibration process, and go beyond the reach of hadronic observables. We compute the polarization anisotropy coefficient obtained with LO dilepton rates, and show that the LO and NLO results differ radically, both in trend and in magnitude, at low and intermediate lepton pair invariant masses.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRL(2025)·14 citations
47. 47*

    Composite Dark Energy and the Cosmological Tensions

    Adria Gómez-Valent🇪🇸 · Joan Solà Peracaula🇪🇸

    The standard cosmological model currently in force, aka $\Lambda$CDM, has been plagued with a variety of tensions in the last decade or so, which puts it against the wall. At the core of the $\Lambda$CDM we have a rigid cosmological term, $\Lambda$, for the entire cosmic history. Recently, the results from the DESI collaboration suggested the possibility that dark energy (DE) should be dynamical rather than just a cosmological constant. Using a generic $w_0{w}_a$CDM parameterization, DESI favors quintessence behavior at $\sim 3\sigma$ c.l. However, to alleviate the tensions the DE needs more features. In the proposed $w$XCDM model of [45] the DE is actually a composite cosmic fluid with two components $(X,Y)$ acting sequentially: first $X$ (above a transition redshift $z_t$) and second $Y$ (below $z_t$). Fitting the model to the data, we find that the late component $Y$ behaves as quintessence, like DESI. However, to cure the $H_0$ and growth tensions, $X$ must behave as `phantom matter' (PM), which in contrast to phantom DE provides positive pressure at the expense of negative energy density. Using the SNIa (considering separately Pantheon$+$ and DESY5), cosmic chronometers, transversal BAO, LSS data, and the full CMB likelihood from Planck 2018, we find that both tensions can be completely cut down. We also compare the $w$XCDM with our own results using the standard $w$CDM and $w_0{w}_a$CDM parameterizations of the DE. In all cases, model $w$XCDM performs much better. Finally, we have repeated our analysis with BAO 3D data (replacing BAO 2D), and we still find that the main dynamical DE models (including composite ones) provide a much better fit quality compared to $\Lambda$CDM. The growth tension is alleviated again, but in contrast, the $H_0$-tension remains significant, which is most likely reminiscent of the internal conflict in the BAO sector.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPLB(2025)·68 citations
48. 48*

    Supernovae evidence for foundational change to cosmological models

    Antonia Seifert🇳🇿 · Zachary G. Lane🇳🇿 · Marco Galoppo🇳🇿 · Ryan Ridden-Harper🇳🇿 · David L. Wiltshire🇳🇿

    We present a new, cosmologically model-independent, statistical analysis of the Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae spectroscopic dataset, improving a standard methodology adopted by Lane et al. We use the Tripp equation for supernova standardisation alone, thereby avoiding any potential correlation in the stretch and colour distributions. We compare the standard homogeneous cosmological model, i.e., $\Lambda$CDM, and the timescape cosmology which invokes backreaction of inhomogeneities. Timescape, while statistically homogeneous and isotropic, departs from average Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker evolution, and replaces dark energy by kinetic gravitational energy and its gradients, in explaining independent cosmological observations. When considering the entire Pantheon+ sample, we find very strong evidence ($\ln B>5$) in favour of timescape over $\Lambda$CDM. Furthermore, even restricting the sample to redshifts beyond any conventional scale of statistical homogeneity, $z>0.075$, timescape is preferred over $\Lambda$CDM with $\ln B>1$. These results provide evidence for a need to revisit the foundations of theoretical and observational cosmology.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phMNRAS(2025)·21 citations
49. 49*

    Primordial Gravitational Wave Probes of Non-Standard Thermal Histories

    Annet Konings🇳🇱 · Mariia Marinichenko🇳🇱 · Oleksii Mikulenko🇳🇱 · Subodh P. Patil🇳🇱

    Primordial gravitational waves propagate almost unimpeded from the moment they are generated to the present epoch. Nevertheless, they are subject to convolution with a non-trivial transfer function. Within the standard thermal history, shifts in the temperature-redshift relation combine with damping effects by free streaming neutrinos to non-trivially process different wavelengths during radiation domination, with subsequently negligible effects at later times. Presuming a nearly scale invariant primordial spectrum, one obtains a characteristic late time spectrum, deviations from which would indicate departures from the standard thermal history. Given the paucity of probes of the early universe physics before nucleosynthesis, it is useful to classify how deviations from the standard thermal history of the early universe can be constrained from observations of the late time stochastic background. The late time spectral density has a plateau at high frequencies that can in principle be significantly enhanced or suppressed relative to the standard thermal history depending on the equation of state of the epoch intervening reheating and the terminal phase of radiation domination, imprinting additional features from bursts of entropy production, and additional damping at intermediate scales via anisotropic stress production. In this paper, we survey phenomenologically motivated scenarios of early matter domination, kination, and late time decaying particles as representative non-standard thermal histories, elaborate on their late time stochastic background, and discuss constraints on different model scenarios.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-th3 citations
50. 50*

    Gravitational Waves From Dark Binaries With Finite-Range Dark Forces

    Yang Bai🇺🇸 · Sida Lu🇨🇳 · Nicholas Orlofsky🇵🇱

    This paper calculates the stochastic gravitational wave background from dark binaries with finite-range attractive dark forces, complementing previous works which consider long-range dark forces. The finiteness of the dark force range can dramatically modify both the initial distributions and evolution histories of the binaries. The generated gravitational wave spectrum is enhanced in the intermediate frequency regime and exhibits interesting "knee" and "ankle" features, the most common of which is related to the turn on of the dark force mediator radiation. Other such spectral features are related to changes in the binary merger lifetime and the probability distribution for the initial binary separation. The stochastic gravitational wave background from sub-solar-mass dark binaries is detectable by both space- and ground-based gravitational wave observatories.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·5 citations
51. 51*

    Capturing the Page Curve and Entanglement Dynamics of Black Holes in Quantum Computers

    Talal Ahmed Chowdhury🇧🇩 · Kwangmin Yu🇺🇸 · Muhammad Asaduzzaman🇺🇸 · Raza Sabbir Sufian🇺🇸

    Quantum computers are emerging technologies expected to become important tools for exploring various aspects of fundamental physics in the future. Therefore, we pose the question of whether quantum computers can help us to study the Page curve and the black hole information dynamics, which has been a key focus in fundamental physics. In this regard, we rigorously examine the qubit transport model, a toy qubit model of black hole evaporation on IBM's superconducting quantum computers, to shed light on this question. Specifically, we implement the quantum simulation of the scrambling dynamics in black holes using an efficient random unitary circuit. Furthermore, we employ the swap-based many-body interference protocol and the randomized measurement protocol to measure the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation qubits in this model. Finally, by incorporating quantum error mitigation techniques into our challenging implementation of entanglement entropy measurement protocols on the IBM quantum hardware, we accurately determine the Rényi entropy in the qubit transport model, thus showcasing the utility of quantum computers for future investigations of complex quantum systems.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phhep-thNPB(2025)·7 citations
52. 52*

    Accurate method for ultralight axion CMB and matter power spectra

    Rayne Liu🇺🇸 · Wayne Hu🇺🇸 · Daniel Grin🇺🇸

    Ultralight axions (ULAs) with masses $10^{-33}\lesssim m/\mathrm{eV}\lesssim 10^{-12}$ are well motivated in string-inspired models and can be part or all of the dark energy or the dark matter in this range. Since the ULA field oscillates at a frequency $m$ that can be much larger than the expansion rate $H$, accurate and efficient calculation of cosmological observables requires an effective time averaged treatment. While these are well established for $m\gg 10H_{\mathrm{eq}}$, the Hubble rate at matter radiation equality, here we extend and develop these techniques to cover the mass range $10^{-33}\lesssim m/\mathrm{eV}\lesssim 10^{-18}$. We implement this technique in a full cosmological Boltzmann code ($\text{AxiECAMB}$) with numerical precision sufficiently accurate for current and next-generation cosmic microwave background, as well as large-scale structure data analysis. New effects including the time averaging of metric perturbations and hydrostatic equilibrium of the effective fluid result in many orders of magnitude improvements for power spectra accuracy over some previous treatments such as $\text{axionCAMB}$ in some extreme regions of parameter space and order unity changes of the ULA effects near $\Lambda$CDM models. These improvements may impact the specific model parameters that have been suggested might resolve various tensions in $\Lambda$CDM at a comparable level.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·18 citations

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