Fri·Oct 4, 2024Friday·October 4, 2024

1. 01*

   Probing leptogenesis and the minimal neutrino seesaw mechanism through gravitational waves

   Arghyajit Datta🇰🇷 · Arunansu Sil🇮🇳

   We propose that a gravitational wave can be generated during leptogenesis in the early Universe which occurs during heavy right-handed neutrino decay. Such a gravitational wave, as remnant of leptogenesis, is shown to be associated with distinguishing signatures that not only act as a powerful probe to leptogenesis but also to the existence of heavy seesaw states which otherwise remain difficult to validate despite its success in explaining the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, closely connected to the origin of neutrino mass.

   hep-phPRD(2026)·26 citations
2. 02*

   Revisiting Single Inclusive Jet Production: Small-$R$ Resummation at Next-to-Leading Logarithm

   Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Xiaoyuan Zhang🇺🇸

   The precision description of jet production plays an important role in many aspects of collider physics. In a recent paper we have presented a new factorization theorem for inclusive small radius jet production. The jet function appearing in our factorization theorem exhibits a non-standard renormalization group evolution, which, starting at next-to-leading logarithm (NLL), differs from previous results in the literature. In this paper we perform a first phenomenological study using our newly developed formalism, applying it to compute the spectrum of small radius jets in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J+X$ at NLL. We compare our results with previous predictions, highlighting the numerical impact of previously neglected terms throughout phase space. Our approach can be used for a variety of different collider systems, in particular, $ep$ and $pp$ collisions, with broad applications to the jet substructure program. Most importantly, since our factorization theorem is valid to all orders, the approach developed here will enable NNLL resummation of small radius logarithms in inclusive jet production, extending the precision of jet substructure calculations.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th17 citations
3. 03*

   Stellar evolution and axion-like particles: new constraints and hints from globular clusters in the GAIA DR3 data

   S.V. Troitsky🇷🇺

   Axion-like particles (ALPs) are hypothetical pseudoscalar bosons, natural in extensions of the Standard Model. Their interactions with ordinary matter and radiation are suppressed, making it challenging to detect them in laboratory experiments. However, these particles, produced within stellar interiors, can provide an additional mechanism for energy loss, potentially influencing stellar evolution. Prominent methods for searching for such effects involve measuring the properties of red giants and helium-burning stars in globular clusters (GCs). Here we use published catalogs of stars selected as members of seven GCs on the basis of parallaxes and proper motions measured by Gaia (Data Realease 3). Making use of previously derived theoretical relations and the new data, we find the upper limit on the ALP-electron coupling, g_{ae}<5.2*10^{-14} (95% CL), and an indication (3.3 sigma) to nonzero ALP-photon coupling, g_{a\gamma}=(6.5+1.1-1.3)*10^{-11} GeV^{-1}. Given the precision of contemporary observational data, it is imperative to refine ALP constraints through more sophisticated analyses, which will be explored in detail elsewhere.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEJETP Lett.(2025)·10 citations
4. 04*

   Scattering of mesons and emergence of tetraquarks in two-dimensional QCD

   Hagop Sazdjian🇫🇷

   Scattering of two mesons is considered in the framework of two-dimensional QCD in the large-$N_c^{}$ limit with four different quark flavors. The scattering takes place through two coupled channels, corresponding to direct and quark-exchange processes, which are of order $O(N_c^{-2})$ and $O(N_c^{-1})$, respectively. Finiteness of the scattering amplitudes to order $N_c^{-2}$ is pointed out. The theory reduces, at low energies, to an effective theory of mesons, interacting by a quark-exchange process, by means of a contact term. The unitarization of the scattering amplitudes leads to the emergence of a tetraquark bound state, located very close to the lowest two-meson elastic threshold.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Do heavy Monopoles hide from us ?

   Huner Fanchiotti🇦🇷 · C.A. García Canal🇦🇷 · Vicente Vento🇪🇸

   Dirac demonstrated that the existence of a single magnetic monopole in the universe could explain the discrete nature of electric charge. Magnetic monopoles naturally arise in most grand unified theories. However, the extensive experimental searches conducted thus far have not been successful. Here, we propose a mechanism in which magnetic monopoles bind deeply with neutral states, effectively hiding some of the properties of free monopoles. We explore various scenarios for these systems and analyze their detectability. In particular, one scenario is especially interesting, as it predicts a light state-an analog of an electron but with magnetic charge instead of electric charge-which we refer to as a magnetron.

   hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   The Landau Bootstrap

   Holmfridur Hannesdottir🇺🇸 · Andrew McLeod🇬🇧 · Matthew D. Schwartz🇺🇸 · Cristian Vergu🇺🇸

   We advocate a strategy of bootstrapping Feynman integrals from just knowledge of their singular behavior. This approach is complementary to other bootstrap programs, which exploit non-perturbative constraints such as unitarity, or amplitude-level constraints such as gauge invariance. We begin by studying where a Feynman integral can become singular, and the behavior it exhibits near these singularities. We then characterize the space of functions that we expect the integral to evaluate to, in order to formulate an appropriate ansatz. Finally, we derive constraints on where each singularity can appear in this ansatz, and use information about the expansion of the integral around singular points in order to determine the value of all remaining free coefficients. Throughout, we highlight how constraints that have previously only been derived for integrals with generic masses can be extended to integrals involving particles of equal or vanishing mass. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach by bootstrapping a number of examples, including the four-point double box with a massive internal loop.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·31 citations
7. 07*

   Axion-photon conversion down to the nonrelativistic regime

   Clemente Smarra🇮🇹 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪

   In the presence of a magnetic field, axions can convert into photons and vice versa. The phenomenology of the conversion is captured by a system of two coupled Klein-Gordon equations, which, assuming that the axion is relativistic, is usually recast into a pair of first-order Schrödinger-like equations. In such a limit, focusing on a constant magnetic field and plasma frequency, the equations admit an exact analytic solution. The relativistic limit significantly simplifies the calculations and, therefore, it is widely used in phenomenological applications. In this work, we discuss how to evaluate the axion-photon system evolution without relying on such relativistic approximation. In particular, we give an exact analytical solution, valid for any axion energy, in the case that both the magnetic field and plasma frequency are constant. Moreover, we devise an analytic perturbative expansion that allows for tracking the conversion probability in a slightly inhomogeneous magnetic field or plasma frequency, whose characteristic scale of variation is much larger than the typical axion-photon oscillation length. Finally, we discuss a case of resonant axion-photon conversion giving useful simplified formulae that might be directly applied to dark matter axions converting in neutron star magnetospheres.

   hep-phastro-ph.GAhep-thPRD(2025)·7 citations
8. 08*

   Looking for WIMPs through the neutrino fogs

   Itay M. Bloch🇺🇸 · Salvatore Bottaro🇮🇱 · Diego Redigolo🇮🇹 · Ludovico Vittorio🇫🇷

   We revisit the expected sensitivity of large-scale xenon detectors to Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Assuming current primary noise sources can be mitigated, we find that with the present discrimination power between nuclear and electron recoils, the experimental sensitivity is limited not only by atmospheric neutrinos' nuclear recoils (''nuclear recoil neutrino fog'') but also by solar neutrinos' electron-recoil events (''electron recoil neutrino fog''). While this is known by experimentalists, it is often missed or misunderstood by theorists, and we therefore emphasize this effect. We set up a realistic detector simulation to quantify the contamination of the WIMP signal from both these neutrino backgrounds. We observe that the electron-recoil background remains significant even for signal rates exceeding those of atmospheric neutrinos, as predicted by most electroweak WIMP candidates. We update the projections for the required exposure to exclude/discover a given electroweak WIMP, streamlining the computation of their signal rates and uncertainties. We show that all of the real WIMPs with zero hypercharge can be excluded (discovered) with a 50 tonne year (300 tonne year) exposure. A similar exposure will allow to probe a large portion of the viable parameter space for complex WIMP with non-zero hypercharge.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exhep-latJHEP(2025)·20 citations
9. 09*

   Transverse Energy-Energy Correlator for Vector Boson-Tagged Hadron Production in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions

   Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Sookhyun Lee🇺🇸 · Jani Penttala🇺🇸 · Fanyi Zhao🇺🇸 · Yiyu Zhou🇺🇸

   We investigate the transverse energy-energy correlator (TEEC) event-shape observable for back-to-back $\gamma +h$ and $Z+h$ production in both $pp$ and $pA$ collisions. Our study incorporates nuclear modifications into the transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) factorization framework, with resummation up to next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy, for TEEC as a function of the variable $\tau =\left(1+\cos \varphi \right)/2$, where $\varphi$ is the azimuthal angle between the vector boson and the final hadron. We analyze the nuclear modification factor $R_{pA}$ in $p\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at RHIC and $p\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at the LHC. Our results demonstrate that the TEEC observable is a sensitive probe for nuclear modifications in TMD physics. Specifically, the changes in the $\tau$-distribution shape provide insights into transverse momentum broadening effects in large nuclei, while measurements at different rapidities allow us to explore nuclear modifications in the collinear component of the TMD parton distribution functions in nuclei.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·16 citations
10. 10*

    Neutrino mass and ultralight dark matter mass from the Higgs mechanism

    Jae-Weon Lee🇰🇷

    We propose a model in which small neutrino masses are generated via Yukawa coupling to a self-interacting ultralight dark matter (ULDM) field, treated as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson associated with a heavy Higgs-like field. ULDM has a mass \( m \gtrsim 10^{-22}~\text{eV} \) and a characteristic energy scale \( \tilde{m} \simeq 10~\text{eV} \). The resulting neutrino mass, as well as the mass and self-interaction strength of ULDM, align with cosmological observations. A quantum stability condition for an ULDM effective potential demands a small mass for neutrinos roughly bounded by $\tilde{m}$. The phase transition temperature for the Higgs mechanism can approach the grand unified theory (GUT) scale, potentially inducing the electroweak scale by reverting the type I seesaw mechanism for Majonara neutrinos. In this framework, neutrino masses can vary with spacetime, a feature that may be experimentally detectable through neutrino oscillation experiments. We also explore a scenario in which the tiny ULDM mass arises through radiative corrections via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism, beginning from a massless field theory. Our model addresses both the neutrino mass and ULDM mass puzzles through a unified approach, providing insights into possible extensions of the Standard Model.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO10 citations
11. 11*

    Analytic Bounds on the Spectrum of Crossing Symmetric S-Matrices

    Justin Berman🇺🇸

    We derive two rigorous constraints on the spectrum of massive states in weakly coupled theories with massless scalars in the adjoint representation of a large-$N$ gauge group. First, we show that the presence of massive spinning states necessitates the existence of lighter states with lower spins. Explicitly, if there exists a massive state with spin $J>2$, then there must be a state with spin $J-1$ and a non-zero mass lower than that of the lightest spin-$J$ state, a state with spin $J-2$ and a mass lower than that of the lightest spin-($J-1$) particle and so on until we reach a mass below which only states with spin less than 2 are exchanged. Second, we find strict upper bounds on the masses of the lightest states at any spin. If there are spin-$J$ states in the spectrum, the maximum mass of the lightest spin-($J+1$) state is determined by the masses of the lightest spin-$J$ and $(J-1)$ states. In the approximation that this bound applies to pion scattering in real world QCD, we find it gives a window of only $\sim 150$ MeV for the expected mass of the yet unmeasured spin-7 meson.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·18 citations
12. 12*

    Wideband Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Octupolar Nuclei in a Crystal

    Mingyu Fan🇨🇦 · Bassam Nima🇨🇦 · Aleksandar Radak🇨🇦 · Gonzalo Alonso-Álvarez🇨🇦 · Amar Vutha🇨🇦

    Most of the matter in the Universe is in the form of dark matter, which has evaded detection so far. Ultralight axionlike particles (ALPs) are a class of dark matter candidates that produce measurable signatures in the form of oscillating violations of discrete symmetries in nuclei. We report results from a search for an oscillating parity-odd time-reversal-odd nuclear Schiff moment of ${}^{153}$Eu ions in a crystal, which leads to constraints on ALP-gluon coupling strength across a wide band spanning eight decades in ALP mass.

    ↳ physics.atom-phastro-ph.COhep-phnucl-exPRL(2026)·11 citations
13. 13*

    Geometric realization via irrelevant deformations induced by the stress-energy tensor

    Xi-Yang Ran🇨🇳 · Feng Hao🇨🇳 · Masatoshi Yamada🇨🇳

    In this paper, we generalize the deformations driven by the stress-energy tensor $T$ and investigate their relation to the flow equation for the background metric at the classical level. For a deformation operator $\mathcal{O}$ as a polynomial function of the stress-energy tensor, we develop a formalism that relates a deformed action to a flow equation for the metric in arbitrary spacetime dimensions. It is shown that in the $T\bar{T}$ deformation and the $\mathcal{O}(T)=\text{tr}[\text{T}{]}^m$ deformation, the flow equations for the metric allow us to directly obtain exact solutions in closed forms. We also demonstrate the perturbative approach to find the same results. As several applications of the $\mathcal{O}(T)=\text{tr}[\text{T}{]}^m$ deformation, we discuss the relation between the deformations and gravitational models. Besides, we also deform the Lagrangians for scalar field theories.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
14. 14*

    Primordial Black Hole Mergers as Probes of Dark Matter in Galactic Center

    Qianhang Ding🇰🇷 · Minxi He🇰🇷 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵

    Primordial black holes (PBHs) from the early Universe that can contribute to dark matter (DM) abundance have been linked to gravitational wave observations. Super-massive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of galaxies are expected to modify distribution of DM in their vicinity, and can result in highly concentrated DM spikes. We revisit PBH merger rates in the presence of DM spikes, tracking their history. We find novel peaked structure in the redshift-evolution of PBH merger rates at low redshifts around $z\sim 5$. These effects are generic and are present for distinct PBH mass functions and spike profiles, and also can be linked to peaked structure in redshift evolution of star formation rate. Redshift evolution characteristics of PBH merger rates can be distinguished from astrophysical black hole contributions and observable with gravitational waves, enabling them to serve as probes of DM in galactic centers.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phApJ(2025)·8 citations
15. 15*

    The three phases of self-gravitating scalar field ground states

    Anthony E. Mirasola🇺🇸 · Nathan Musoke🇺🇸 · Mark C. Neyrinck🇺🇸 · Chanda Prescod-Weinstein🇬🇧 · J. Luna Zagorac🇨🇦

    It is generally assumed that scalar field dark matter halos would contain solitonic cores -- spherically symmetric ground state configurations -- at their centers. This is especially interesting in the case of ultralight dark matter (ULDM), where the solitons sizes are on the order of galaxies. In this work, we show that the paradigm of a spherically symmetric soliton embedded in the center of each halo is not universally valid in a scenario with multiple interacting scalar fields. In particular, sufficiently strong repulsive interspecies interactions make the fields immiscible. In such models, the ground state configuration can fall into a number of different phases that depend on the fields' relative densities, masses, and interaction strengths. This raises the possibility that the inner regions of ULDM halos are more complex and diverse than previously assumed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2026)·9 citations
16. 16*

    Gravitational form factors of glueballs in Yang-Mills theory

    Ryan Abbott🇺🇸 · Daniel C. Hackett🇺🇸 · Dimitra A. Pefkou🇺🇸 · Fernando Romero-López🇺🇸 · Phiala Shanahan🇺🇸

    This work presents preliminary results of the first determination of the energy-momentum tensor form factors of the scalar glueball, referred to as gravitational form factors (GFFs). The calculation has been carried out in lattice Yang-Mills theory at a single lattice spacing. Using variationally optimized operators, the matrix elements are extracted from ratios of three-point functions to two-point functions. The glueball GFFs and their kinematic dependence are compared to those of other hadrons from previous calculations.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Constraints on dark photon dark matter from Lyman-$\alpha$ forest simulations and an ultra-high signal-to-noise quasar spectrum

    Andrea Trost🇮🇹 · James S. Bolton🇬🇧 · Andrea Caputo🇨🇭 · Hongwan Liu🇺🇸 · Stefano Cristiani🇮🇹 · Matteo Viel🇮🇹

    The ultralight dark photon is a well-motivated, hypothetical dark matter candidate. In a dilute plasma, they can resonantly convert into photons, and heat up the intergalactic medium between galaxies. In this work, we explore the dark photon dark matter parameter space by comparing synthetic Lyman-$\alpha$ forest data from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to observational data from VLT/UVES of the quasar HE0940-1050 ($z_{\mathrm{em}}=3.09$). We use a novel flux normalization technique that targets under-dense gas, reshaping the flux probability distribution. Not only do we place robust constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter of dark photon dark matter, but notably our findings suggest that this model can still reconcile simulated and observed Doppler parameter distributions of $z\sim 0$ Lyman-$\alpha$ lines, as seen by HST/COS. This work opens new pathways for the use of the Lyman-$\alpha$ forest to explore new physics, and can be extended to other scenarios such as primordial black hole evaporation, dark matter decay, and annihilation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
18. 18*

    QCD critical point: recent developments

    Mikhail Stephanov🇺🇸

    Recent developments aimed at mapping QCD phase diagram and the search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collisions are briefly reviewed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·25 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.