Wed·Sep 25, 2024Wednesday·September 25, 2024

1. 01*

   QCD and electroweak corrections for single and double Higgs boson production at the LHC

   Hantian Zhang🇩🇪

   In these proceedings, we report recent progress of theoretical predictions for loop-induced Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our contributions include the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD and electroweak corrections for single Higgs boson plus jet production, the NLO QCD corrections for single Higgs boson plus two jets production, and the NLO electroweak corrections for double Higgs boson production.

   hep-phhep-exPoS(2025)·1 citation
2. 02*

   The Hubble Tension: Relativistic Dark Matter Production from Long-lived Particles

   Alvaro S. de Jesus🇧🇷 · Matheus M. A. Paixão🇧🇷 · Dêivid R. da Silva🇧🇷 · Farinaldo S. Queiroz🇧🇷 · Nelson Pinto-Neto🇧🇷

   The tension between direct measurements of the Hubble constant and those stemming from Cosmic Microwave Background probes has triggered a multitude of studies. The connection between cosmology and particle physics has shown to be a valuable approach to addressing the Hubble tension. In particular, increasing the number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early universe helps alleviate the problem. In this work, we write down effective field theory describing relativistic dark matter production in association with neutrinos leading to a larger $H_0$. We derive limits on the effective energy scale that governs this relativistic production of dark matter as a function of the dark matter mass for fermion, vector, and scalar dark matter fields. In particular, scalar dark matter particles are more effective in increasing the effective number of relativistic species. Also, if they have weak scale masses, then the relativistic production of dark matter should be governed by Planck scale effective operators in order to alleviate the Hubble tension.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qcNPB(2025)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Dirac Equation Solution with Generalized tanh-Shaped Hyperbolic Potential: Application to Charmonium and Bottomonium Mass Spectra

   V. H. Badalov🇦🇿 · A. I. Ahmadov🇦🇿 · E. A. Dadashov🇦🇿 · S. V. Badalov🇩🇪

   In this study, we present an analytical solution of the Dirac equation in a generalized tanh-shape hyperbolic potential, which allows us to unify various well-known quantum potentials under a single theoretical framework. This versatile potential model is used to compute the mass spectra for charmonium and bottomonium, with excellent agreement with experimental measurements and does better than some potential models in predicting the several orbital states. Our results not only validate the GTHP as a powerful tool for describing heavy quarkonium systems but also suggest its broader applicability in exploring quantum systems where similar potentials are effective. This work is a stepping stone for new research into fermionic systems with complex interactions, by jointly providing insights into foundational aspects of quantum mechanics as well as applications in particle physics.

   hep-phquant-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Nucleon Gravitational Form Factors

   Z.-Q. Yao🇨🇳 · Y.-Z. Xu🇪🇸 · D. Binosi🇮🇹 · Z.-F. Cui🇨🇳 · M. Ding🇩🇪 · K. Raya🇪🇸 · C. D. Roberts🇨🇳 · J. Rodríguez-Quintero🇪🇸 · S. M. Schmidt🇩🇪

   A symmetry-preserving analysis of strong interaction quantum field equations is used to complete a unified treatment of pion, kaon, nucleon electromagnetic and gravitational form factors. Findings include a demonstration that the pion near-core pressure is roughly twice that in the proton, so both are significantly greater than that of a neutron star; parton species separations of the nucleon's three gravitational form factors, in which, inter alia, the glue-to-quark ratio for each form factor is seen to take the same constant value, independent of momentum transfer; and a determination of proton radii orderings, with the mechanical (normal force) radius being less than the mass-energy radius, which is less than the proton charge radius. This body of predictions should prove useful in an era of anticipated experiments that will enable them to be tested.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1EPJA(2025)·60 citations
5. 05*

   Partial-wave projection of relativistic three-body amplitudes

   Raúl A. Briceño🇺🇸 · Caroline S. R. Costa🇺🇸 · Andrew W. Jackura🇺🇸

   We derive the integral equations for partial-wave projected three-body scattering amplitudes, starting from the integral equations for three-body amplitudes developed for lattice QCD analyses. The results, which hold for generic three-body systems of spinless particles, build upon the recently derived partial-wave projected one-particle exchange, a primary component of the relativistic framework proven to satisfy S matrix unitarity. We derive simplified expressions for factorizable short-distance interactions, ${\mathcal{K}}_3$, in two equivalent formalisms - one symmetric under particle interchange and one asymmetric. For the asymmetric case, we offer parameterizations useful for amplitude analysis. Finally, we examine toy models for $3\pi$ systems at unphysically heavy pion masses with total isospins 0,1, and 2.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·20 citations
6. 06*

   Twist-2 distribution amplitudes of $a_0(980)$ and $a_0(1450)$

   Wei Hong🇨🇳 · Di Gao🇨🇳 · Yanjun Sun🇨🇳

   We investigate the twist-2 distribution amplitudes of the scalar mesons $a_0(980)$ and $a_0(1450)$ in the two-quark picture. The moments of these scalar mesons are obtained up to the third order with QCD sum rules method. With these moments, the first two Gegenbauer coefficients are determined and utilized to analyze the twist-2 distribution amplitudes. Our numerical results indicate that the meson $a_0(980)$ favors a conventional two-quark ground state. The paper concludes with an examination of the form factors for the transitions $B/D\to a_0$.

   hep-phnucl-thNPA(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Compact Stars as Hideouts For Color-spin-locked Quark Matter: Implications for Powering High-energy Electromagnetic Emissions

   Xin-Ying Song🇨🇳

   The possibility of compact stars as hideouts for color-spin-locked (CSL) quark matter (QM) is investigated in both MIT bag model and Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. Within the framework of NJL model, the idea of absolutely stable quark matter and the existence of conventional pure quark star (QS) are not supported; in addition, there appears to be no stable hybrid configuration above $2M_{\odot }$ as the hideout for CSL QM. The stable configurations of massive strange quark stars could be reproduced in the MIT bag model with QCD corrections being taken into account; moreover, they could act as the hiding place for the CSL QM. An interesting scenario is proposed that the phase transition to the CSL phase could occur in the cooling process. The CSL quark matter is an electromagnetic (EM) superconductor of Type-I, and a complete Meissner effect is expected. However, the analysis for this sizable superconductor indicates that most of the magnetic field is frozen inside the quark core with a critical strength, while in some special cases a small fraction could be expelled from a thin layer near the surface in a short time. The analysis on energetics and time scale suggests that this process could act as an inducement mechanism to power typical fast radio bursts, but as a single source of energy, it is unlikely to generate other EM emissions such as gamma-ray bursts and giant flares.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·4 citations
8. 08*

   Interplay and Correlations Between Quark and Lepton Observables in Modular Symmetry Models

   Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳 · Eligio Lisi🇮🇹 · Antonio Marrone🇮🇹 · S. T. Petcov🇮🇹

   In a predictive modular invariant theory of flavour there should exist correlations between the quark and lepton observables. So far these observables have been analyzed separately, making it impossible to investigate their interconnections. We perform for the first time a joint analysis of quark and lepton observables (22 altogether) in a modular flavour model. The model is based on $2O$ flavour symmetry and, within its class, it is characterized by the minimal number of free parameters (14 real constants). The joint analysis shows that the model is in good agreement with the experimental data for normal neutrino mass ordering, while predicting the leptonic Dirac CP-violating (CPV) phase (${\delta }_{CP}$), the two Majorana CPV phases (${\eta }_1$, ${\eta }_2$), the lightest neutrino mass ($m_1$) and the effective neutrino masses probed by beta and neutrinoless double beta decay ($m_{\beta }$ and $m_{\beta \beta }$). A detailed comparison of the separate (lepton-only and quark-only) and combined (lepton and quark) fit results shows differences in best-fit values and jointly allowed regions, that reflect a nontrivial interplay between quark and lepton observables in the model. Most importantly, our analysis highlights the existence of significant correlations between various pairs of such observables. For instance, the ratio of the strange and bottom quark masses, $r_{sb}$, is strongly negatively correlated with each of the three lepton mixing angles and with ${\delta }_{CP}$, $m_1$, $m_{\beta }$ and $m_{\beta \beta }$, while being positively correlated with ${\eta }_1$ and ${\eta }_2$. These findings, that are missed in separate analyses of quark and lepton flavour sectors, fall within ranges that can be tested by current and future experiments.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·12 citations
9. 09*

   The Seven-Point Two-Loop Full-Color All-Plus Helicity Yang-Mills Amplitude

   Adam R. Dalgleish🇬🇧 · David C. Dunbar🇬🇧 · Warren B. Perkins🇬🇧 · Joseph M.W. Strong🇬🇧

   The seven-gluon two-loop full-color Yang-Mills amplitude is presented in a compact analytic form where we use the methods of four-dimensional unitarity cuts to obtain the polylogarithmic pieces and augmented recursion to obtain the rational pieces. Furthermore, an $n$-point form for the full-color polylogarithmic piece is presented. We use these results to probe for potential relations amongst the two-loop partial amplitudes.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
10. 10*

    Connect discreteness to continuousness in leptonic flavor symmetries

    Ding-Hui Xu🇨🇳 · Shu-Jun Rong🇨🇳

    Discrete groups are widely used in the expression of flavor symmetries of leptons. In this paper, we employ a novel mathematical object called group-algebra (GA) to describe symmetries of the leptonic mass matrices. A GA element is constructed by a discrete group with continuous parameters. For a GA element, there is an equivalent symmetry which can be continuous, discrete, and hybrid. According to the equivalence between a GA element and other symmetries, we perform a classification of 198 nontrivial elements of the GA generated by the group $S_4$. Based on the results of the classification, the phenomenological consequences of the $S_4$ GA are illustrated.

    hep-ph0 citations
11. 11*

    Second-order chiral kinetic theory from Wigner function approach

    Shi-Zheng Yang🇨🇳 · Shu-Xiang Ma🇨🇳 · Jian-Hua Gao🇨🇳

    We present a systematic method to derive the chiral kinetic theory from the Wigner equations based on quantum field theory order by order. We take special effort to derive the chiral kinetic theory in seven-dimensional phase space from the eight-dimensional chiral kinetic theory. We give the seven-dimensional chiral kinetic theory up to second order of semiclassical expansion. We find some new second-order contributions compared with other approaches.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Improving target neutron momentum reconstruction using MINER$\nu$A ${\pi }^0$ data

    R K Pradhan🇮🇳 · R Lalnuntluanga🇮🇳 · A Giri🇮🇳

    With the neutrino experiments advancing toward high-precision measurements and greater emphasis on reducing systematic uncertainties, improving the single-pion production models, a major component of the hadronic activity observed in the neutrino oscillation experiments, into the Monte Carlo simulations is crucial. This work presents the predictions of the struck nucleon's Fermi motion by analyzing the charged-current neutral pion production on carbon nucleus in MINER$\nu$A. A minimal variation of GENIE and NuWro based on their default models shows an improvement in the prediction of single ${\pi }^0$ production. The prediction describes the data more accurately in the higher-momentum tail; however, discrepancies between the predictions and data below the Fermi peak highlight the limitations in current nuclear models used in the Monte Carlo generators.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Boosted top quark inspired leptoquark searches at the muon collider

    Arvind Bhaskar🇮🇳 · Manimala Mitra🇮🇳

    The proposed muon collider presents a promising avenue to explore various classes of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles. In this paper, we investigate the discovery prospects of the scalar leptoquark (LQ) $S_1$ at a muon collider. We consider two benchmark center-of-mass (C.O.M.) energy scenarios: 5 TeV and 10 TeV. We assume that the LQ decays into a top quark and a muon. The collider analysis for an LQ decaying into a top quark is distinct from that of lighter quarks. A TeV-scale LQ decaying into a top quark can produce an exotic, boosted fat-jet signature. In addition to the usual searches based on pair production of LQs, we also examine the single production mode, which depends on the $S_{1}t\mu$ coupling. We demonstrate that systematically combining the pair and single production modes significantly enhances the discovery potential of the LQ at the muon collider. Our signal topology includes at least one hadronically decaying top fat-jet and two oppositely charged muons, thereby enabling the incorporation of the single production mode. We show that even with single production alone, it is possible to probe LQs as heavy as 4.5 TeV (9.0 TeV) in the 5 TeV (10 TeV) C.O.M. scenario for $\mathcal{O}(1)$ couplings.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Two-Loop Five-Point One-Mass Amplitudes in the Spinor-Helicity Formalism

    Giuseppe De Laurentis🇬🇧

    Processes involving electroweak vector bosons in association with jets are crucial for precision studies of the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider. Accurate predictions for the process $pp\to V(\to \bar{\ell }\ell )jj$ at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO), as well as N${}^3$LO ones for the process with one fewer jet, require two-loop five-point one-mass amplitudes. These exhibit a significant increase in complexity compared to their massless counterparts. We present results for the partonic processes $\bar{q}Q\bar{Q}q\bar{\ell }\ell$ and $\bar{q}ggq\bar{\ell }\ell$, with a forthcoming package for phenomenology. The present recalculation is based on the previous analytic results from ref. [1]. For the first time, we express two-loop five-point one-mass amplitudes in the spinor-helicity formalism. We achieve three orders of magnitude smaller expressions compared to previous results. This will facilitate phenomenological studies and help clarify mathematical properties of the amplitude.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Charged Higgs Boson Mass Bounds in 2HDM-II: Impact of Vector-Like Quarks

    Rachid Benbrik (1)🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi (1)🇲🇦 · Stefano Moretti (2) (3) ((1) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco, (2) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, (3) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden)🇬🇧

    We explore the phenomenology of charged Higgs bosons ($H^{\pm }$) and Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs), specifically the top-like $T$, within the Two Higgs Doublet Model Type-II (2HDM-II). We consider both a singlet VLQ $(T)$ and a doublet $(TB)$ scenario, demonstrating that the presence of VLQs influences the scalar sector, particularly by alleviating the stringent mass constraints on $H^{\pm }$ imposed by $B$-physics observables such as $B\to X_s\gamma$. This relaxation arises from modifications in the couplings between $H^{\pm }$ and Standard Model (SM) quarks, with the magnitude of the effect differing between the singlet and doublet cases. We further analyse the constraints from the oblique parameters $S$ and $T$ on VLQ mixing angles.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·9 citations
16. 16*

    Evidence of collinear factorization breaking due to collinear-to-soft Glauber exchanges for a $2\to 3$ exclusive process at leading twist

    Saad Nabeebaccus🇫🇷 · Jakob Schoenleber🇺🇸 · Lech Szymanowski🇵🇱 · Samuel Wallon🇫🇷

    We exhibit an exclusive process, namely the photoproduction of a ${\pi }^0\gamma$ pair with large invariant mass, which violates collinear factorization. We explicitly demonstrate that this is due to the fact that there exists diagrams with gluon exchange in $t$ channel, contributing at the leading power, for which Glauber gluons are trapped. This is caused by the pinching of the contour integration of both the plus and minus light-cone components of the Glauber gluon momentum. We argue that this leads to the observed ``endpoint-like'' divergence of the convolution integral at leading order and leading power when collinear factorization is naïvely assumed.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·15 citations
17. 17*

    Baryogenesis via the Chiral Magnetic Effect in a First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition

    Hui Liu🇨🇳 · Renhui Qin🇨🇳 · Ligong Bian🇨🇳

    In this paper, we investigate the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe during the first-order electroweak phase transition. We first study the generation of the helical magnetic field in the framework of the standard model effective field theory with a CP-violating operator. We show that, when the chiral magnetic effect is absent, the helical magnetic field and effective chemical potential cannot generate enough baryon asymmetry when vacuum bubbles collide. We further find that the chiral magnetic effect can amplify the lepton asymmetry in the early universe during the phase transition. We present the baryon asymmetry interpretation requirement on certain parameter spaces of the phase transition and the primordial magnetic field.

    hep-phastro-ph.COEPJC(2026)·7 citations
18. 18*

    Going against the flow: Revealing the QCD degrees of freedom in hadronic collisions

    Christian Bierlich🇸🇪 · Peter Christiansen🇸🇪 · Gösta Gustafson🇸🇪 · Leif Lönnblad🇸🇪 · Robin Törnkvist🇸🇪 · Korinna Zapp🇸🇪

    In collisions between heavy nuclei, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, hydrodynamic models have successfully related measured azimuthal momentum anisotropies to the transverse shape of the collision region. For an elliptically shaped interaction area, the hydrodynamic pressure gradient is greater along the minor axis, resulting in increased particle momentum in that direction - a phenomenon known as positive elliptic flow. In this paper, we demonstrate that in smaller systems, such as proton-proton and peripheral ion-ion collisions, microscopic models for final state interactions, can produce anisotropies where the elliptic flow is negative - that is, the momentum is largest along the major axis, contrary to hydrodynamic predictions. We present results from two distinct microscopic models: one based on repulsion between string-like fields and another based on effective kinetic theory. Negative elliptic flow is a solid prediction of the string interaction model while in the model based on kinetic theory it is linked to a finite interaction range. Consequently, an experimental determination of the sign of elliptic flow, will provide novel insights into the degrees of freedom governing strong nuclear interactions in high-energy collisions and the way in which they interact.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2026)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Higher twist corrections to doubly-charmed baryonic $B$ decays

    Zhou Rui🇨🇳 · Zhi-Tian Zou🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳

    Baryonic two-body $B$ mesons decays have been measured experimentally for some time, which provides an excellent ground for studying the QCD of baryonic $B$ decays. In this work, we investigate the two-body doubly-charmed baryonic $B$ decays in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach including higher twist contributions to the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). The charmed baryon LCDAs are included up to the twist four and the effect of the subleading component of the $B$ meson LCDAs is studied for details. With the inclusion of these higher-power contributions, the PQCD results on rates can explain the current experimental data well. Moreover, we note that the SU(3) symmetry breaking is important in the concerned processes and play an essential role in understanding the measurements of $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}^0\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\overline{\Lambda }}_c^{-})$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to {\Xi }_c^0{\overline{\Lambda }}_c^{-})$. We also evaluate the angular asymmetries for the first time, which have neither been measured experimentally nor calculated theoretically. All these predictions can be tested in future.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·12 citations
20. 20*

    Baryogenesis Induced by Magnetic Field Effects During the Electroweak Phase Transition

    Yuefeng Di🇨🇳 · Ligong Bian🇨🇳 · Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳

    We numerically investigate the first-order electroweak phase transition in the background of a hypermagnetic field with three-dimensional lattice simulation. The generation of baryon asymmetry is observed, and we present the relationship between baryon number asymmetry and magnetic field strength and its helicity. We find the magnetic field strength required to achieve the correct matter-antimatter asymmetry is about $10^{-17}\sim 10^{-14}$ Gauss at present, depending on the correlation length of the helical magnetic field. This study provides a mechanism for explaining the baryon number asymmetry with cosmic magnetic fields.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-lat11 citations
21. 21*

    General vacuum stability of orbifold gauge breaking and application to asymptotic grand unification

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Alan S. Cornell🇿🇦 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Wanda Isnard🇫🇷 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Anca Preda🇸🇪 · Zhi-Wei Wang🇨🇳

    We examine the vacuum stability of gauge symmetry breaking in five dimensions, compactified on the $S_1/({\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2^{\prime })$ orbifold. We consider $SU(N)$, $Sp(N)$, $SO(2N)$ and $SO(2N+1)$ theories in the bulk, and provide an exhaustive classification of possible parity assignments that lead to stable orbifolds and of the corresponding symmetry breaking patterns. We use these results in the search for viable asymptotic grand unification theories (aGUT), testing the stability criteria on models based on $SU(6)$ and $SU(8)$. As a result, we identify two viable aGUTs: a unique $SU(6)$ pathway down to the Standard Model, and one $SU(8)$ model leading to an intermediate Pati-Salam partial unification.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·6 citations
22. 22*

    Light Dark Fermion in Two Natural Scenarios

    Ernest Ma🇺🇸

    Dark matter is postulated as a light fermion in two natural scenarios as the outcome of a softly broken discrete symmetry. It is produced from the naturally suppressed decay of the standard-model Higgs boson through the freeze-in mechanism.

    hep-phNPB(2025)·4 citations
23. 23*

    Heavy $K^{\ast }$ mesons with open charm from $K{D}^{(\ast )}{D}^{\ast }$ interactions

    Xiu-Lei Ren🇩🇪 · K. P. Khemchandani🇧🇷 · A. Martínez Torres🇧🇷

    In view of the recent discovery of $T_{cc}$, which can be described as a $D{D}^{\ast }$ molecular state, we perform a study of the $KD{D}^{\ast }$ system, and its extension to studying $K{D}^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$, where $D^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$ is bound as a spin 1 $T_{cc}$-like state, to search for the possible existence of exotic mesons with the open flavors $ccs$ being part of their quark configuration. Considering the additional attractive interactions present in the $KD$ and $K{D}^{\ast }$ subsystems, where the states $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ are generated, we solve the Faddeev equations considering the fixed-center approximation for the mentioned three-body systems and find the existence of two doubly charmed $K^{\ast }$-like mesons, $K_{cc}^{\ast }(4309)$ and $K_{cc}^{\ast }(4449)$, with quantum numbers $I(J^P)=1/2(1^{-})$. Considering the respective three-body thresholds of the two systems, both $K_{cc}$-states are bound by around $60$ MeV. An experimental confirmation will bring evidence for the existence of a degree of exoticity beyond charm +2.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2024)·7 citations
24. 24*

    Chiral effects on radiation and energy loss in quark-gluon plasma

    Jeremy Hansen🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸

    The emergent axion excitations in the quark-gluon plasma are generated by the sphaleron transitions. Their interactions with the photon and gluon fields are governed by the axion electro- and chromodynamics respectively. We discuss the effect of the emergent axion on the photon production and energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma. In particular, we review the Chiral Cherenkov effect, and the impact of the chiral anomaly on bremsstrahlung.

    hep-phnucl-thIJMPE(2024)·3 citations
25. 25*

    Non-Abelian Domain Walls and Gravitational Waves

    Bowen Fu🇨🇳 · Stephen F. King🇬🇧 · Luca Marsili🇪🇸 · Silvia Pascoli🇮🇹 · Jessica Turner🇬🇧 · Ye-Ling Zhou🇨🇳

    We investigate the properties of domain walls arising from non-Abelian discrete symmetries, which we refer to as non-Abelian domain walls. We focus on $S_4$, one of the most commonly used groups in lepton flavour mixing models. The spontaneous breaking of $S_4$ leads to distinct vacua preserving a residual $Z_2$ or $Z_3$ symmetry. Five types of domain walls are found, labelled as SI, SII, TI, TII, and TIII, respectively, the former two separating $Z_2$ vacua and the latter three separating $Z_3$ vacua. We highlight that SI, TI and TIII may be unstable for some regions of the parameter space and decay to stable domain walls. Stable domain walls can collapse and release gravitational radiation for a suitable size of explicit symmetry breaking. A symmetry-breaking scale of order 100 TeV may explain the recent discovery of nanohertz gravitational waves by PTA experiments. For the first time, we investigate the properties of these domain walls, which we obtain numerically with semi-analytical formulas applied to compute the tension and thickness across a wide range of parameter space. We estimate the resulting gravitational wave spectrum and find that, thanks to their rich vacuum structure, non-Abelian domain walls manifest in a very interesting and complex phenomenology.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·10 citations
26. 26*

    On the CP Properties of Spin-0 Dark Matter

    Atri Dey🇮🇪 · Jaime Hernández-Sánchez🇲🇽 · Venus Keus🇮🇪 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Tetsuo Shindou🇯🇵

    Aiming to uncover the CP properties of spin-0 particle Dark Matter (DM), we explore a two-component DM scenario within the framework of 3-Higgs Doublet Models (3HDMs), a well-motivated set-up previously studied due to the complementarity of its collider and astrophysical probes. We devise benchmark points in which the two components of DM have same CP in one case and opposite CP in another. We then show several cross section distributions of observables at collider experiments where the two cases are clearly distinguishable.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2025)·7 citations
27. 27*

    Hubble-Induced Phase Transitions: Gravitational-Wave Imprint of Ricci Reheating from Lattice Simulations

    Dario Bettoni🇪🇸 · Giorgio Laverda🇵🇹 · Asier Lopez-Eiguren🇪🇸 · Javier Rubio🇪🇸

    Gravitational waves offer an unprecedented opportunity to look into the violent high-energy processes happening during the reheating phase of our Universe. We consider a Hubble-induced phase transition scenario as a source of a post-inflationary stochastic background of gravitational waves and analyse the main characteristics of its spectrum for the first time via numerical methods. The output of a large number of fully-fledged classical lattice simulations is condensed in a set of parametric formulas that describe key features of the gravitational wave spectrum, such as its peak amplitude and characteristic frequency, and avoid the need for further time-consuming simulations. The signal from such stochastic background is compared to the prospective sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·21 citations
28. 28*

    Impact of Low ell's on Large Scale Structure Anomalies

    Ido Ben-Dayan🇮🇱 · Utkarsh Kumar🇮🇱 · Meir Shimon🇮🇱 · Amresh Verma🇮🇱

    We scrutinize the reported lensing anomaly of the CMB by considering several phenomenological modifications of the lensing consistency parameter, $A_{\mathrm{L}}$. Considering Planck spectra alone, we find statisically significant evidence for scale dependence (`running') of $A_{\mathrm{L}}$. We then demonstrate that the anomaly is entirely driven by Planck's low multipoles, $\ell \le 30$. When these data points are excluded a joint analysis with several other datasets clearly favors $\Lambda$CDM over the extended $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}+{\mathrm{A}}_{\mathrm{L}}$ model. Not only that the lensing anomaly and low $\ell$ anomaly of the CMB go away in this case, but also the $S_8$ tension is ameliorated, and only the Hubble tension persists.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·9 citations
29. 29*

    Scrutinizing black hole stability in cubic vector Galileon theories

    Antonio De Felice🇯🇵 · Ryotaro Kase🇯🇵 · Shinji Tsujikawa🇯🇵

    In a subclass of generalized Proca theories where a cubic vector Galileon term breaks the $U(1)$ gauge invariance, it is known that there are static and spherically symmetric black hole (BH) solutions endowed with nonvanishing temporal and longitudinal vector components. Such hairy BHs are present for a vanishing vector-field mass ($m=0$) with a non-zero cubic Galileon coupling ${\beta }_3$. We study the linear stability of those hairy BHs by considering even-parity perturbations in the eikonal limit. In the angular direction, we show that one of the three dynamical perturbations has a nontrivial squared propagation speed $c_{\Omega ,1}^2$, while the other two dynamical modes are luminal. We could detect two different unstable behaviors of perturbations in all the parameter spaces of hairy asymptotically flat BH solutions we searched for. In the first case, an angular Laplacian instability on the horizon is induced by negative $c_{\Omega ,1}^2$. For the second case, it is possible to avoid this horizon instability, but in such cases, the positivity of $c_{\Omega ,1}^2$ is violated at large distances. Hence these hairy BHs are generally prone to Laplacian instabilities along the angular direction in some regions outside the horizon. Moreover, we also encounter a pathological behavior of the radial propagation speeds $c_r$ possessing two different values of $c_r^2$ for one of the dynamical perturbations. Introducing the vector-field mass $m$ to cubic vector Galileons, however, we show that the resulting no-hair Schwarzschild BH solution satisfies all the linear stability conditions in the small-scale limit, with luminal propagation speeds of three dynamical even-parity perturbations.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·4 citations
30. 30*

    A background for thermal photons in heavy ion collisions

    Satya Ranjan Nayak🇮🇳 · Gauri Devi🇮🇳 · B.K. Singh🇮🇳

    In this work, we present the transverse momentum spectra of prompt and decay photons in Au-Au collisions for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 200 GeV, 62.4 GeV, 39 GeV, and 27 GeV. The major sources of the photons in Angantyr include hard processes, Parton showers, and resonance decay. The multiparton interactions and hadronic rescatterings significantly increase the photon yield. The model shows a good match with the available experimental data at high $p_T$. The difference in yield at low $p_T$ suggests that Quark Gluon Plasma of $T_{eff}$ = 0.167 GeV/c in central Au-Au collision at 200 GeV is formed, the new effective temperature is less than the ones extracted without removing background photons. At low $p_T$ the decay photon spectra scales with $(\frac{d{N}_{ch}}{d\eta }{)}^{1.25}$, the scaling is independent of collision energy and system size. The scaling no longer holds at high $p_T$ and the spectra become beam energy dependent. The scaled $p_T$ spectra of p-p and d-Au collisions show an opposite trend at high $p_T$, their scaled yield is greater than the Au-Au collision at the same energy.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phPLB(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Strange stars admixed with mirror dark matter: confronting observations of XTE J1814-338

    Shu-Hua Yang🇨🇳 · Chun-Mei Pi🇨🇳 · Fridolin Weber🇺🇸

    In this paper, we explore a novel framework for explaining the mass and radius relationships of observed neutron stars by considering strange stars (SSs) admixed with mirror dark matter (MDM). We develop a theoretical model that incorporates non-commutative algebra to describe the interactions between ordinary strange quark matter (SQM) and MDM, which are predicted to form compact objects that could explain recent astrophysical data, including observations of PSR J0740+6620, PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0437-4715, and the central compact object in HESS J1731-347. Notably, we demonstrate that the exotic mass-radius measurement of XTE J1814-338 can be explained by the presence of a mirror SS with an ordinary SQM core. In contrast to other explanations based on boson stars, our SS+MDM model offers a natural explanation for this system. We provide detailed mass-radius comparisons with observational data and discuss future observations that could test the predictions of our model, offering new insights into neutron star structure and the role of dark matter in compact objects.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·28 citations
32. 32*

    Condensate decay in a radiation dominated cosmology

    Shuyang Cao🇺🇸 · Daniel Boyanovsky🇺🇸

    We study the decay of a homogeneous condensate of a massive scalar field of mass \emph{m} into massless fields in thermal equilibrium in a radiation dominated cosmology. The model is a \emph{proxy} for the non-equilibrium dynamics of a misaligned axion condensate decaying into radiation. After consistent field quantization in the cosmological background, we obtain the causal equations of motion for a homogeneous condensate including the finite temperature self-energy corrections up to one loop. The dynamical renormalization group is implemented to obtain the time dependent relaxation rate that describes the decay dynamics of the condensate amplitude from stimulated emission and recombination of massless quanta in the medium. It is explicitly shown that a simple friction term in the equation of motion does not describe correctly the decay of the condensate. During the super-Hubble regime, relevant for ultralight dark matter, the condensate amplitude decays as $e^{-\frac{g^2}{10}{t}^2\ln (1/mt)}$. In the sub-Hubble regime the amplitude decays as $e^{-\gamma (t;T(t))/2}$ with $T(t)=T_0/a(t)$, therefore the finite temperature contribution to the decay rate vanishes fast during the expansion. A main conclusion is that a phenomenological friction term is inadequate to describe the decay in the super-Hubble regime, the decay function $\gamma (t)$ is always \emph{smaller} than that from a local friction term as a consequence of the cosmological expansion. For ultra light dark matter, the time scale during which transient dynamics is sensitive to cosmological expansion and a local friction term is inadequate, is much longer. A friction term always \emph{underestimates} the time scale of decay in the sub-Hubble case.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
33. 33*

    Low-scale Mirror Standard Model Dark Matter and its Detection via Gravitational Waves and the Guitar Nebula

    V.K Oikonomou🇬🇷

    What if the dark matter Sector is truly dark, self-interacting and unreachable by terrestrial experiments? How could we find hints of such dark sector if it is experimentally unreachable by any terrestrial experiment? We study a low-scale mirror Standard Model which can act as a model for dark matter, which interacts only gravitationally with the Standard Model particles. The mirror Standard Model sector particles are stable particles can comprise a measurable part of the dark matter of the Universe. These mirror Standard Model particles acquire mass through a low-temperature dark first order phase transition. We examine in detail this dark phase transition and we indicate how stochastic gravitational waves can be generated through this transition. For the model we use, the produced energy spectrum of the gravitational waves can be detected by the Square Kilometer Array. Moreover, we propose a possible way to detect effects of the particle nature of dark matter, using observational data coming from the guitar nebula, which can work if dark matter is collisional, so interacting dark matter. Without specifying a model for interacting dark matter, thus choosing an agnostic approach for interacting dark matter, we assume that the guitar nebula bow shock is generated by the interaction of the high speed neutron star that passes through the interstellar medium, which is assumed to be comprised by interacting dark matter and hydrogen. Our main proposal is that the opening angle of the bow shock can be directly related to the speed of sound of the dark matter particles, and a large angle of the bow shock could be a strong indicator that the interstellar medium is comprised by collisional dark matter and hydrogen gas. This is motivated by the Bosma effect.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·12 citations
34. 34*

    Determination of the strong coupling from jet measurements at CMS

    Patrick L.S. Connor (on behalf of the CMS Collaboration)🇩🇪

    A vast program of determinations of the strong coupling ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}$ is being undertaken by CMS. These measurements exploit several QCD-dominated processes that are sensitive to ${\alpha }_{\mathrm{S}}$, and present different theoretical and experimental challenges. A review of the current public results and perspective is given.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph1 citation
35. 35*

    Probing the equation of state of neutron stars using neutrino oscillations

    Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay🇮🇳 · Golam Mortuza Hossain🇮🇳

    We study the phenomena of neutrino oscillations and flavour mixing by incorporating the gravitational effects through the Dirac equation in curved spacetime inside a spherically symmetric star. We show that the flavour transition probabilities of the neutrinos depend on the interior spacetime metric as they propagate out of the star. As a consequence, we show that one could distinguish between different possible equation of states of nuclear matter even for an isolated neutron star if one could determine the flavour composition of emitted neutrinos near the stellar surface.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·2 citations
36. 36*

    Equilibrium expectations for non-Gaussian fluctuations near a QCD critical point

    Jamie M. Karthein🇺🇸 · Maneesha Sushama Pradeep🇺🇸 · Krishna Rajagopal🇺🇸 · Mikhail Stephanov🇺🇸 · Yi Yin🇨🇳

    With the highly anticipated results from the Beam Energy Scan II program at RHIC being recently revealed, an understanding of particle-number fluctuations and their significance as a potential signature of a possible QCD critical point is crucial. Early works that embarked on this endeavor sought to estimate the fluctuations due to the presence of a critical point assuming they stay in equilibrium. From these results came the proposal to focus efforts on higher, non-Gaussian, moments of the event-by-event distributions, in particular of the number of protons. These non-Gaussian moments are especially sensitive to critical fluctuations, as their magnitudes are proportional to high powers of the critical correlation length. As the equation of state provides key input for hydrodynamical simulations of heavy-ion collisions, we estimate equilibrium fluctuations from the BEST equation of state (EoS) that includes critical features from the 3D Ising Model. In particular, the proton factorial cumulants and their dependence on non-universal mapping parameters is investigated within the BEST EoS. Furthermore, the correlation length, as a central quantity for the assessment of fluctuations in the vicinity of a critical point, is also calculated in a consistent manner with the scaling equation of state. An understanding of the equilibrium estimates of proton factorial cumulants will be useful for further comparison to estimates of out-of-equilibrium fluctuations in order to determine the magnitude of the observable fluctuations to be expected in heavy-ion collision experiments, in which the time spent near a critical point is short.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·4 citations
37. 37*

    Refereeing the Referees: Evaluating Two-Sample Tests for Validating Generators in Precision Sciences

    Samuele Grossi🇮🇹 · Marco Letizia🇮🇹 · Riccardo Torre🇮🇹

    We propose a robust methodology to evaluate the performance and computational efficiency of non-parametric two-sample tests, specifically designed for high-dimensional generative models in scientific applications such as in particle physics. The study focuses on tests built from univariate integral probability measures: the sliced Wasserstein distance and the mean of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics, already discussed in the literature, and the novel sliced Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. These metrics can be evaluated in parallel, allowing for fast and reliable estimates of their distribution under the null hypothesis. We also compare these metrics with the recently proposed unbiased Fréchet Gaussian Distance and the unbiased quadratic Maximum Mean Discrepancy, computed with a quartic polynomial kernel. We evaluate the proposed tests on various distributions, focusing on their sensitivity to deformations parameterized by a single parameter $ϵ$. Our experiments include correlated Gaussians and mixtures of Gaussians in 5, 20, and 100 dimensions, and a particle physics dataset of gluon jets from the JetNet dataset, considering both jet- and particle-level features. Our results demonstrate that one-dimensional-based tests provide a level of sensitivity comparable to other multivariate metrics, but with significantly lower computational cost, making them ideal for evaluating generative models in high-dimensional settings. This methodology offers an efficient, standardized tool for model comparison and can serve as a benchmark for more advanced tests, including machine-learning-based approaches.

    ↳ stat.MLcs.LGhep-phstat.APMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.