Wed·Sep 11, 2024Wednesday·September 11, 2024

1. 01*

   Third-order correction to top-quark pair production near threshold II. Potential contributions

   M. Beneke🇩🇪 · Y. Kiyo🇯🇵

   We provide a detailed account of the methods and calculations for the third-order corrections to the S-wave Green function from heavy-quark potentials other than the Coulomb potential. The results of this paper are relevant to the top-antitop threshold production process in next-to-next-to-next-to-leading (NNNLO) order and to the determination of the bottom-quark mass from high-moment sum rules, and have been employed in corresponding previous publications. Further to the third-order calculation, we discuss in detail three refinements necessary to obtain reliable third-order results for the top threshold: finite-width effects, pole resummation, and the implementation of the potential-subtracted mass scheme. A detailed numerical analysis of residual scale dependence and the size of various contributions to the top production cross section is provided. The S-wave energy levels and wave functions at the origin for heavy quarkonium states of arbitrary principal quantum number $n$ are collected in an appendix.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·19 citations
2. 02*

   Charged scalars at finite electric field and temperature in the optimized perturbation theory

   William R. Tavares🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · Sidney S. Avancini🇧🇷

   We study the symmetry breaking and restoration behavior of a self-interacting charged scalar field theory under the influence of a constant electric field and finite temperature. Our study is performed in the context of the optimized perturbation theory. The dependence of the effective potential with constant electric fields is established by means of the bosonic propagators in the Schwinger proper-time method. Explicit analytical expressions for the electric and thermal contributions are found. Our results show a very weak decreasing behavior of the vacuum expectation value as a function of the electric field, which is strengthened by the temperature effect. A first-order phase transition that occurs at zero/weak electric fields changes to a second-order phase transition under strong electric fields. The critical temperature for the phase transition exhibited a very weak dependence on the electric field. Additionally, we computed the vacuum persistence probability rate for the interacting theory, finding a peak at the critical point. The maximum value of this rate at the critical point is found to be independent of the coupling constant but depended solely on the magnitude of the electric field.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Axion Icebergs: Clockwork ALPs at hadron colliders

   Srimoy Bhattacharya🇿🇦 · Debajyoti Choudhury🇮🇳 · Suvam Maharana🇮🇳 · Tripurari Srivastava🇮🇳

   Scenarios with multiple pseudoscalars are interesting as they usually tend to provide a framework to naturally realize a light axion with a large decay constant which has rich applications in cosmology, especially in the context of inflation and light dark matter physics. On the other hand, from a particle physics perspective, this facilitates a solution to the strong CP problem with a low Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking scale. One such realization is afforded within the framework of the clockwork mechanism where the axion can have suppressed couplings with the gluons or photons while its companion axion-like particles (ALPs) have relatively unsuppressed couplings, thereby facilitating detectability. We study a minimal clockwork model for the QCD axion invoking a KSVZ-like setup and examine the visibility of its unique multi-ALP $(a_n)$ signature at the LHC, the most sensitive channel being $pp\to a_n(+\mathrm{additional}\mathrm{jets})$ followed by $a_n\to \gamma \gamma$. In congruence with the astrophysical and cosmological bounds for the axion, a striking feature emerges for the case of light ALPs $(m\sim \mathcal{O}(10\mathrm{GeV}))$ wherein the mass-splittings among the former are so small that the signal profile mimics that of a single broad resonance, or an $axion$ $iceberg$. The scenario is found to be imminently testable by the end of LHC's Run 3 phase for an integrated luminosity of $\sim 300\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$. A larger average ALP mass, on the other hand, results in multiple closely-spaced peaks with a characteristic signal profile, and would be expected to be seen at the forthcoming HL-LHC. Possible additional signals are also listed.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Tridiagonal scalar mass matrix in the CP4 3HDM and its implications

   Bei Liu🇨🇳 · Igor P. Ivanov🇨🇳 · João Gonçalves🇵🇹

   When parametrizing multi-Higgs potentials, it is desirable to express its coefficients via observables. This is routinely done for the 2HDM, but this approach often fails in more elaborate models. Here, we show that the scalar sector of the CP4 3HDM, an intriguing model based on an order-4 $CP$ symmetry, can also be parametrized in an observable-driven manner. The key feature that makes it work is the very special tridiagonal form of the $5\times 5$ neutral Higgs mass matrix. We propose a set of input observables and present an algorithm to reconstruct the coefficients of the potential through linear relations. Equipped with this procedure, we explore the scalar sector of the CP4 3HDM beyond the limitations of previous studies. In particular, we identify a viable and testable regime in which all additional Higgses lie in the 300-600 GeV range. This work offers a key ingredient for a future full phenomenological scan of this model.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
5. 05*

   First Radial Excitations of Baryons in a Contact Interaction: Mass Spectrum

   L.X. Gutiérrez-Guerrero🇲🇽 · Alfredo Raya🇲🇽 · L. Albino🇪🇸 · R. J. Hernández-Pinto🇲🇽

   We compute masses of twenty positive parity first radial excitations of spin-$1/2$ and $3/2$ baryons composed of u,d,s,c and b quarks in a quark-diquark picture within a contact interaction model. These excitations comprise of two elements: one characterized by a zero in the Faddeev amplitude, representing a radial excitation of the quark-diquark system and the other marked by a zero in the diquark's Bethe-Salpeter amplitude, corresponding to an intrinsic excitation of the diquark correlation. Wherever possible, we compare our results with other models and/or experiment. We verify that the masses obtained through our model conform to the spacing rules for all the baryons studied, whether light or heavy and whether of spin 1/2 or 3/2. The computed masses do not just offer a guide to the future experimental searches but also compare well with the existing candidates for the possible radial excitations of some heavy baryons.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·14 citations
6. 06*

   Testing CP properties of the Higgs boson coupling to $\tau$ leptons with heterogeneous graphs

   W. Esmail🇩🇪 · A. Hammad🇯🇵 · M. Nojiri🇯🇵 · Christiane Scherb🇺🇸

   We explore the feasibility of measuring the CP properties of the Higgs boson coupling to $\tau$ leptons at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Employing detailed Monte Carlo simulations, we analyze the reconstruction of the angle between $\tau$ lepton planes at the detector level, accounting for various hadronic $\tau$ decay modes. Considering standard model backgrounds and detector resolution effects, we employ three Deep Learning (DL) networks, Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Graph Convolution Network (GCN), and Graph Transformer Network (GTN) to enhance signal-to-background separation. To incorporate CP-sensitive observables into Graph networks, we construct Heterogeneous graphs capable of integrating nodes and edges with different structures within the same framework. Our analysis demonstrates that GTN exhibits superior efficiency compared to GCN and MLP. Under a simplified detector simulation analysis, MLP can exclude CP mixing angle larger than $20^{\circ }$ at $68\%$ confidence level (CL), while GCN and GTN can achieve exclusions at $90\%$ CL and $95\%$ CL, respectively with $\sqrt{s}=14$~TeV and $\mathcal{L}$$=100{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$. Furthermore, the DL networks can achieve a significance of approximately $3\sigma$ in excluding the pure CP-odd state.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·7 citations
7. 07*

   Proton Lifetime in Minimal Supersymmetric SU(5) with Gauge Mediation

   Jason L. Evans🇨🇳 · Yoshihiro Shigekami🇨🇳

   In this paper, we discuss the predicted proton lifetimes in minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) $SU(5)$ grand unified theory (GUT) with gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB). We focus on the case of $5+\bar{5}$ messengers and determine the low-scale mass spectrum of the scalar particles and gauginos using the renormalization group equations. With the obtained mass spectrum, we calculate the dominant proton decay mode for SUSY $SU(5)$ GUT, $p\to K^{+}\bar{\nu }$. In our setup, we assume the messenger scale to be $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ TeV in order to obtain a proper Higgs mass in GMSB scenario. For this messenger scale, we find the proton lifetime is consistent with current experimental limits and can be tested by future proton decay experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Scoto-seesaw model implied by flavor-dependent Abelian gauge charge

   Duong Van Loi🇻🇳 · N. T. Duy🇻🇳 · Cao H. Nam🇻🇳 · Phung Van Dong🇻🇳

   Assuming fundamental fermions possess a new Abelian gauge charge that depends on flavors of both quark and lepton, we obtain a simple extension of the Standard Model, which reveals some new physics insights. The new gauge charge anomaly cancellation not only explains the existence of just three fermion generations as observed but also requires the presence of a unique right-handed neutrino ${\nu }_R$ with a non-zero new gauge charge. Further, the new gauge charge breaking supplies a residual matter parity, under which the fundamental fermions and ${\nu }_R$ are even, whereas a right-handed neutrino $N_R$ without the new charge is odd. Consequently, light neutrino masses in our model are generated from the tree-level type-I seesaw mechanism induced by ${\nu }_R$ and from the one-loop scotogenic contribution accommodated by potential dark matter candidates, $N_R$ and dark scalars, odd under the matter parity. We examine new physics phenomena related to the additional gauge boson, which could be observed at colliders. We analyze the constraints imposed on our model by current experimental limits on neutrino masses, neutral meson oscillations, $B$-meson decays, and charged lepton flavor violating processes. We also investigate the potential dark matter candidates by considering relic density and direct detection.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
9. 09*

   Polarized $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ pairs at the LHC: Effects from bottom-quark induced processes at NLO QCD+EW

   Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳

   We investigate the effects of the bottom-quark induced processes on the doubly polarized cross sections of $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ pair production at the LHC. The method to extract the on-shell single-top contribution is provided. Results for phenomenological and experimental analyses are given at next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD+EW accuracy, with the leading contribution from the gluon-gluon and photon-photon fusion included. We found that the contribution of the bottom-quark induced processes, after the subtraction of the on-shell $tW$ channel, is largest for the doubly longitudinal polarization. At the integrated cross section level, using a fiducial ATLAS cut with a jet veto, the effect is $9\%$ compared to the NLO value of the light-quark contribution. It increases to $13\%$ after removing the jet veto. A bound of the $tW$ interference is calculated for various kinematic distributions, showing that this interference effect is, in general, smaller for the no jet veto case. Relevant scale uncertainties are calculated to help us decide on the importance of this interference.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·18 citations
10. 10*

    Four results on out-of-equilibrium 2PI simulations in 3+1 dimensions

    Anders Tranberg🇳🇴 · Gerhard Ungersbäck🇳🇴

    We perform an analysis of a number of approximations and methods used in numerical simulations of real-time Kadanoff-Baym equations based on truncations of the 2PI effective action. We compare the loop expansion to the 1/N expansion and compare their classical limit to classical-statistical simulations. We also compare implementations based on a space-time lattice discretization at the level of the action to an ad hoc momentum discretization at the level of the equations of motions. We extract some rules of thumb for performing 2PI-simulations of out-of-equilibrium systems.

    hep-phhep-latJHEP(2025)·1 citation
11. 11*

    Implication of a negative effective range on the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interaction and the nature of $X(3872)$

    Yi-Bo Shen🇨🇳 · Ming-Zhu Liu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    A recent analysis of the LHCb data [Phys. Rev. D 105 (2022) L031503] obtained a sizable negative effective range for the $X(3872)$. This has attracted intensive discussions on whether $X(3872)$ can be deemed as a $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecular state. This work explicitly demonstrates that the negative effective range of the $X(3872)$ does not contradict the molecular picture, adopting an effective field theory formulation of the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interaction that can simultaneously reproduce the binding energy and effective range of the $X(3872)$. We elaborate on the implications of the large negative effective range of $X(3872)$ and the small binding energy on the underlying $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ interaction. Such results are relevant for a better understanding of hadronic molecules and their binding mechanism.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
12. 12*

    Structure of near-threshold resonances with new interpretation scheme of complex compositeness

    Tomona Kinugawa🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵

    The nature of near-threshold resonances is quantitatively studied with a new interpretation scheme using the complex compositeness. A difficulty was known in the understanding of the internal structure of unstable resonances because their complex compositeness is not an interpretable measure. To overcome this problem, we develop a new interpretation scheme respecting the ambiguous aspects of the identification of the internal structure of resonances. We then apply the interpretation scheme to the near-threshold resonances slightly above the threshold, described by the effective range expansion. With the new interpretation scheme, we show that near-threshold resonances are dominated by the non-molecular component. Namely, even in the near-threshold region, the nature of resonances is sharply contrasted with bound states whose internal structure is usually molecular dominant.

    hep-phnucl-thJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2024)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Global analysis of charm mixing parameters and determination of the CKM angle $\gamma$

    F. Betti🇬🇧 · M. Bona🇬🇧 · M. Ciuchini🇮🇹 · D. Derkach🇷🇺 · R. Di Palma🇮🇹 · A.L. Kagan🇺🇸 · V. Lubicz🇮🇹 · G. Martinelli🇮🇹 · M. Pierini🇨🇭 · L. Silvestrini🇮🇹 · C. Tarantino🇮🇹 · V. Vagnoni🇮🇹

    We present an updated global analysis of beauty decays sensitive to the angle $\gamma$ of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and of $D$-meson mixing data in the framework of approximate universality, in which CP violation in $D-\overline{D}$ mixing is described in terms of two universal weak phases corresponding to dispersive and absorptive contributions. We extract the fundamental theoretical parameters determining absorptive and dispersive contributions to $D$ meson mixing and CP violation, together with the angle $\gamma$. The results for the charm mixing parameters are $x_{12}\simeq x=(0.401\pm 0.043)\%$ and $y_{12}\simeq y=(0.610\pm 0.017)\%$, while the two CP-violating phases are given by ${\varphi }_2^M=(0.13\pm 0.70{)}^{\circ }$ and ${\varphi }_2^{\Gamma }=(2.1\pm 1.6{)}^{\circ }$. The angle $\gamma$ is found to be $\gamma =(65.7\pm 2.5{)}^{\circ }$, in excellent agreement with the indirect determination from the Unitarity Triangle analysis.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Dielectric Haloscopes as Gravitational Wave Detectors

    Valerie Domcke🇨🇭 · Sebastian A. R. Ellis🇨🇭 · Joachim Kopp🇨🇭

    We argue that dielectric haloscopes like MADMAX, originally designed for detecting axion dark matter, are also very promising gravitational wave detectors. Operated in resonant mode at frequencies around $\mathcal{O}(10\text{GHz})$, these detectors benefit from enhanced gravitational wave to photon conversion at the surfaces of a stack of thin dielectric disks. Since the gravitational wave is relativistic, there is an additional enhancement of the signal compared to the axion case due to increased conversion probability of gravitational waves to photons in the vacuum between the disks. A gravitational wave search using a dielectric haloscope imposes stringent requirements on the disk thickness and placement, but relaxed requirements on the disk smoothness. An advantage is the possibility of a broadband or hybrid resonant/broadband operation mode, which extends the frequency range down to $\mathcal{O}(100\text{MHz})$. We show that strain sensitivities down to $10^{-21}{\text{Hz}}^{-1/2}\times (10\text{GHz}/f)$ will be possible in the coming years for the broadband setup, while a resonant setup optimized for gravitational waves could even reach $3\times 10^{-23}{\text{Hz}}^{-1/2}\times (10\text{GHz}/f)$ with current technology.

    hep-phastro-ph.IMgr-qchep-exPRD(2025)·22 citations
15. 15*

    Exploring the nature of $Y(4230)$ and $Y(4360)$ in B decays

    Ming-Zhu Liu🇨🇳 · Qi Wu🇨🇳

    Vector charmonium states can be directly produced in the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation process. Among them, $Y(4230)$ and $Y(4360)$ splitting from the previously discovered $Y(4260)$ are not easily arranged into the conventional charmonium spectrum, while recent studies have indicated that they have strong couplings to $D{\bar{D}}_1$ and $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_1$. In this work, we investigate the production of $Y(4230)$ and $Y(4360)$ as the heavy-quark spin symmetry doublet hadronic molecules of $D{\bar{D}}_1$ and $D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_1$ in $B$ decays via the triangle diagram mechanism. In particular, we propose that the decay constants of $Y(4230)$ and $Y(4360)$ extracted in $B$ decays are useful for clarifying their nature.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
16. 16*

    Cogenesis of visible and dark matter in a scotogenic model

    Debajit Bose🇮🇳 · Rohan Pramanick🇮🇳 · Tirtha Sankar Ray🇮🇳

    Within a scotogenic neutrino mass model we explore the cogenesis of matter from the CP violating decay of a heavy ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$-odd right handed neutrino that simultaneously populates the visible and a multipartite dark sector. The relic density of a sub-GeV scale freeze-in dark matter is generated by the late time decay of the next-to-lightest dark particle dynamically regulated by an interplay with the thermal scattering processes. We show that this model can simultaneously explain visible matter asymmetry and provide a cosmologically viable sub-GeV dark matter while remaining in consonance with the neutrino parameters and flavour observables.

    hep-phPRD(2026)·6 citations
17. 17*

    Theoretical implications for a new measurement of $K_L\to {\pi }^0\ell \ell$

    G. D'Ambrosio🇮🇹 · A.M. Iyer🇮🇳 · F. Mahmoudi🇫🇷 · S. Neshatpour🇫🇷

    Kaon physics is at an important experimental juncture with respect to the ongoing measurements of several observables. This work will build on the existing status by formulating different phenomenological analyses corresponding to different paths that may lie ahead. Beginning with the golden channels, $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$ and $K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu }$, the paper will eventually cast the spotlight on the importance of a precise measurement of BR($K_L\to {\pi }^0\ell \bar{\ell }$). The phenomenological analyses involve sequentially adding kaon physics observables at the projected final precision of their respective measurements to the global fit. More specifically, we consider three different scenarios with different sets of observables assumed at their final precisions. Beginning with BR($K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\nu \bar{\nu }$) and BR($K_L\to {\pi }^0\nu \bar{\nu }$), we sequentially add BR($K_L\to {\pi }^{0}e\bar{e}$) and BR($K_L\to {\pi }^0\mu \bar{\mu }$) to the global fit. The evolution of the result from one scenario to the next makes a strong case for the consideration of future measurement of BR($K_L\to {\pi }^0\ell \bar{\ell }$).

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Self-consistent prediction of gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions

    Xiao Wang🇦🇺 · Chi Tian🇨🇳 · Csaba Balázs🇦🇺

    Gravitational waves from cosmological phase transitions are novel probes of fundamental physics, making their precise calculation essential for revealing various mysteries of the early Universe. In this work we propose a framework that enables the consistent calculation of such gravitational waves sourced by sound waves. Starting from the Lagrangian, this framework integrates the calculation of the dynamics of first-order phase transitions in a self-consistent manner, eliminating various approximations typically introduced by conventional methods. At the heart of our approach is the congruous evaluation of the phase transition hydrodynamics that, at every step, is consistently informed by the Lagrangian. We demonstrate the application of our framework using the SM+$|H{|}^6$ model, deriving the corresponding gravitational wave spectrum. Our framework establishes a robust foundation for the precise prediction of gravitational waves from phase transitions.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qc12 citations
19. 19*

    Interference effects in resonant di-Higgs production at the LHC in the Higgs singlet extension

    Finn Feuerstake🇩🇪 · Elina Fuchs🇩🇪 · Tania Robens🇭🇷 · Daniel Winterbottom🇬🇧

    Interference effects are well founded from the quantum mechanical viewpoint and in principle cannot be ignored in realistic studies of New Physics scenarios. In this work, we investigate the size of interference effects between resonant and non-resonant contributions to di-Higgs production in the singlet extension of the Standard Model, where the additional heavy scalar provides a resonant channel. We find these interference contributions to have a non-negligible effect on the cross-sections and differential distributions. In order to allow for a computationally efficient treatment of these effects via reweighting, we introduce a new tool utilising a matrix-element reweighting method: HHReweighter. In addition to the broadly used di-Higgs invariant mass $m_{hh}$, we analyse the sensitivity to the interference terms for other kinematic variables, such as the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and find that these also can be sensitive to interference effects. Furthermore, we provide updates on the latest experimental and theoretical limits on the parameter space of the real singlet extension of the Standard Model Higgs sector.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·21 citations
20. 20*

    Predictions for photon-jet correlations at forward rapidities in heavy-ion collisions

    Souvik Priyam Adhya🇵🇱 · Krzysztof Kutak🇵🇱 · Wieslaw Placzek🇵🇱 · Martin Rohrmoser🇵🇱 · Konrad Tywoniuk🇳🇴

    In this work, we study for the first time jet-medium interactions in heavy-ion collisions with introduction of saturation and Sudakov effects with parameters tuned for upcoming forward calorimeter acceptances in experiments, in particular the ALICE FoCal detector. We focus on $\gamma +$jet correlations by taking into account in-medium parton evolution using the BDIM equation that describes jet interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) combined with vacuum-like emissions (VLE). We systematically introduce the early time gluon saturation dynamics through the small-$x$ Improved Transverse Momentum Dependent factorization (ITMD). For our purpose, we use Monte Carlo programs KATIE and TMDICE to generate hard events and in-medium parton evolution, respectively. We present results of azimuthal correlations and nuclear modification ratios to gauge the impact of the gluon saturation effects at early time for the in-medium jet energy loss.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thEPJC(2025)·3 citations
21. 21*

    Searching for Dark Matter Interactions with ACT, SPT and DES

    Zilu Zhou🇺🇸 · Neal Weiner🇺🇸

    Models of a dark radiation sector with a mass threshold (WZDR+) have proved to be an appealing alternative to $\Lambda$CDM. These models provide simple comparison models, grounded in well-understood particle physics and with limited additional parameters. In addition, they have shown relevance in easing existing cosmological tensions, specifically the $H_0$ tension and the $S_8$ tension. Recently, measurements of CMB lensing by the ACT collaboration have provided strong additional information on clustering at late times. Within $\Lambda$CDM, these results yield a high value of $S_8$ at odds with weak-lensing measurements. In this work, we study this in the context of WZDR+, and find a much wider range of allowed values of $S_8$, and in particular much better agreement between data sets and an overall improvement of fit versus $\Lambda$CDM. We expand our analyses to include a wide set of data, including the ACT-DR6 lensing data, as well as primary CMB information from ACT-DR4 and SPT-3G, scale-dependent power spectra from DES and measurements of $H_0$ from SH0ES. We find that there is little to no tension in measurements of structure within the data sets, and the inferred value of $S_8$ is generally lower than that in $\Lambda$CDM. We find that the inclusion of DES generally favors a higher $H_0$, but there is some direct tension between the high-$\ell$ multipole data and this result. Future data should clarify whether this is a statistical artifact, or a true incompatibility of these datasets within this model.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·12 citations
22. 22*

    Faking ZZZ vertices at the LHC

    Ricardo Cepedello🇪🇸 · Fabian Esser🇪🇸 · Martin Hirsch🇪🇸 · Veronica Sanz🇪🇸

    Searches for anomalous neutral triple gauge boson couplings (NTGCs) provide important tests for the gauge structure of the standard model. At the LHC, NTGCs are searched for via the process $pp\to ZZ\to 4l$, where the two $Z$-bosons are on-shell. In this paper, we discuss how the same process can occur through tree-level diagrams just adding a vector-like quark (VLQ) to the standard model. Since NTGCs are generated in standard model effective theory (SMEFT) only at 1-loop order, vector like quarks could be an important alternative interpretation to, and background for, NTGC searches. Here, we construct a simple example model, discuss low-energy constraints and estimate current and future sensitivities on the model parameters from $pp\to ZZ\to 4l$ searches.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·7 citations
23. 23*

    Baryon stopping and charge deposition in heavy-ion collisions due to gluon saturation

    Oscar Garcia-Montero🇩🇪 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪

    We compute baryon and electric charge deposition in high-energy heavy-ion collisions using the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) Effective Field Theory, where at leading order charge is deposited through multiple scatterings of valence quarks with a saturated gluon target. A simplified phenomenological formula is derived to describe charge deposition, from which the parametrical dependence with collisional energy and geometry can be extracted. We present an approximate analytical prediction of the so-called baryon stopping parameter ${\alpha }_B$, which shows excellent agreement with the state-of-the art extractions of ${\alpha }_B$ from experimental data. These results are further validated using the McDIPPER framework, by computing charge deposition at midrapidity across a range of collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4-5020$ GeV).

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·9 citations
24. 24*

    Induced Gravitational Waves probing Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter with Memory Burden

    Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵 · Takahiro Terada🇯🇵 · Tsutomu T. Yanagida🇯🇵

    Quantum evaporation of a black hole is conventionally studied semiclassically by assuming self-similarity of the black hole throughout the evaporation process. However, its validity was recently questioned, and the lifetime of a black hole is conjectured to be much extended by the memory burden effect. It gives rise to the possibility that the primordial black holes (PBHs) lighter than $10^{10}$ grams are the dark matter in the Universe. To probe such PBH dark matter, we study gravitational waves (GWs) induced by primordial curvature perturbations that produced the PBHs. We find ${\Omega }_{\text{GW}}(f_{\text{peak}})h^2=7\times 10^{-9}$ with the peak frequency $f_{\text{peak}}=1\times 10^3(M_{\text{PBH}}/(10^{10}\mathrm{g}){)}^{-1/2}\mathrm{Hz}$, and the induced GWs associated with the PBH dark matter whose initial mass is greater than about $10^7$ grams can be tested by future observations such as Cosmic Explorer. Furthermore, the scenario can be in principle confirmed by detecting another GW signal from the mergers of PBHs, which leads to high-frequency GWs with $f_{\text{peak}}=2\times 10^{27}(M_{\text{PBH, ini}}/(10^{10}\mathrm{g}){)}^{-1}\mathrm{Hz}$. On the other hand, the induced GW signals stronger than expected would contradict the dark matter abundance and exclude the memory burden effect.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·53 citations
25. 25*

    Robust semi-parametric signal detection in particle physics with classifiers decorrelated via optimal transport

    Purvasha Chakravarti · Lucas Kania · Olaf Behnke🇩🇪 · Mikael Kuusela🇺🇸 · Larry Wasserman🇺🇸

    Searches for signals of new physics in particle physics are usually done by training a supervised classifier to separate a signal model from the known Standard Model physics (also called the background model). However, even when the signal model is correct, systematic errors in the background model can influence supervised classifiers and might adversely affect the signal detection procedure. To tackle this problem, one approach is to use the (possibly misspecified) classifier only to perform a preliminary signal-enrichment step and then to carry out a signal detection test on the signal-rich sample. For this procedure to work, we need a classifier constrained to be decorrelated with one or more protected variables used for the signal-detection step. We do this by considering an optimal transport map of the classifier output that makes it independent of the protected variable(s) for the background. We then fit a semiparametric mixture model to the distribution of the protected variable after making cuts on the transformed classifier to detect the presence of a signal. We compare and contrast this decorrelation method with previous approaches, show that the decorrelation procedure is robust to moderate background misspecification, and analyze the power and validity of the signal detection test as a function of the cut on the classifier both with and without decorrelation. We conclude that decorrelation and signal enrichment help produce a stable, robust, valid, and more powerful test.

    ↳ stat.APhep-exhep-phstat.ML0 citations
26. 26*

    Towards few-body QCD on a quantum computer

    J.J. Galvez-Viruet🇪🇸

    Quantum computers are promising tools for the simulation of many-body systems, and among those, QCD stands out by its rich phenomenology. Every simulation starts with a codification, and here we succently review a newly developed compact encoding based on the identification between registers and particles; the quantum memory is divided into registers, and to each we associate a Hilbert space of dimension the number of degrees of freedom of the codified particles. In this way we gain an exponential compression over direct encodings for a low number of particles with many degrees of freedom. As an example we apply this encoding on a two-register memory and implement antisymmetrization and exponentiation algorithms.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phhep-thnucl-thNucl.Part.Phys.Proc.(2024)·0 citations
27. 27*

    Dual Gravitational Wave Signatures of Instant Preheating

    Wei-Yu Hu🇨🇳 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵 · Yong Tang🇨🇳

    In the instant preheating scenario efficient particle production occurs immediately following the period of inflationary expansion in the early Universe. We demonstrate that instant preheating predicts unique gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from two distinct origins. One source is the bremsstrahlung GWs produced through the decay of superheavy particles, an inevitable consequence of instant preheating. The other is GWs generated from the nonlinear dynamics of the inflaton and coupled scalar fields. Using numerical simulations, we show that the peak of the GW spectrum shifts depending on the coupling constants of the theory. The detection of these dual GW signatures, characteristic of instant preheating, provides novel opportunities for probing the dynamics of the early Universe.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·7 citations
28. 28*

    Spin of Primordial Black Holes from Broad Power Spectrum: Radiation Dominated Universe

    Indra Kumar Banerjee🇮🇳 · Tomohiro Harada🇯🇵

    We perform a study to obtain the initial spin or the nondimensional Kerr parameter $a_{\ast }$ of primordial black holes (PBHs) created during the radiation dominated phase of the universe from not only nearly monochromatic but also broad curvature power spectra. Motivated by inflation and first-order phase transitions, we consider a power law shape for the curvature perturbation. Although we can naturally neglect the contribution from the length scales smaller than the scale of interest, that from the larger scales may potentially be significant for a broad power spectrum, for which the spin is sensitive to the width of the power spectrum. So, we introduce a width parameter $r_k$, the ratio of the largest scale to the length of interest. We find that the root mean square of $a_{\ast }$ is largest for PBHs created from locally nearly scale invariant curvature power spectra with $r_k\sim 3.5$. The upper limit is $\sim 1\times 10^{-4}$ for $M=10^{17}-10^{23}$ g, $\sim 1.7\times 10^{-4}$ for $M=1-100M_{\odot }$ and $\sim 2.5\times 10^{-3}$ even for an incredibly large mass of $M=10^{50}$ g.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·9 citations
29. 29*

    Quantum-Mechanical Suppression of Accretion by Primordial Black Holes

    Abraham Loeb (Harvard)🇺🇸

    The Schwarzschild radii of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range of 6x10^{14}g to 4x10^{19}g match the sizes of nuclei to atoms. I discuss the resulting quantum-mechanical suppression in the accretion of matter by PBHs in dense astrophysical environments, such as planets or stars.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phApJL(2024)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.