Tue·Sep 10, 2024Tuesday·September 10, 2024

1. 01*

   Gravitational waves and black holes from the phase transition in models of dynamical symmetry breaking

   Martín Arteaga🇵🇪 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹

   Theories of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking predict a strong first order cosmological phase transition: we compute the resulting signals, primordial black holes and gravitational waves. These theories employ one SM-neutral scalar, plus some extra model-dependent particle to get the desired quantum potential out of classical scale invariance. We consider models where the extra particle is a scalar singlet, or vectors of an extended U(1) or SU(2) gauge sector. In models where the extra particle is stable, it provides a particle Dark Matter candidate with freeze-out abundance that tends to dominate over primordial black holes. These can instead be DM in models without a particle DM candidate. Gravitational waves arise at a level observable in future searches, even in regions where DM cannot be directly tested.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·26 citations
2. 02*

   The next frontiers for magnetic monopole searches

   O. Gould🇬🇧 · I. Ostrovskiy🇺🇸 · A. Upreti🇺🇸

   Magnetic monopoles (MMs) are well-motivated hypothetical particles whose discovery would symmetrize Maxwell equations, explain quantization of electric charge, and probe the gauge structure of the unified theory. Recent models predict MMs with low masses, reinvigorating searches at colliders. However, most theories predict composite MMs, whose production in parton-parton collisions is expected to be suppressed. The Schwinger process, whereby MM pairs tunnel through the vacuum barrier in the presence of a strong magnetic field, is not subject to this limitation. Additionally, the Schwinger cross section can be calculated nonperturbatively. Together, these make it a golden channel for low-mass MM searches. We investigate the Schwinger production of MMs in heavy-ion collisions at future colliders, in collisions of cosmic rays with the atmosphere, and in decay of magnetic fields of cosmic origin. We find that a next-generation collider would provide the best sensitivity, allowing one to discover or exclude MMs with TeV-scale masses. At the same time, exploiting the infrastructure of industrial ore extraction and Antarctic ice drilling could advance the field at a faster timescale and with only a modest investment. In particular, we show with detailed calculations that the proposed experiments will be sensitive to fluxes of low-mass MMs as low as a few units of 10^{-22} cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1} in a wide range of Lorentz factors. We also propose deploying dedicated MM detectors in conjunction with cosmic ray observatories to directly investigate if the unexplained, highest energy cosmic rays are MMs. Together, the proposed efforts would define the field of MM searches in the next decades.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2025)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Modified electron trajectory due to the axion dark matter background

   Yadir Garnica🇲🇽 · J. Barranco🇲🇽

   It is well known that the coupling of an axion-like particle with a photon modifies the Maxwell equations. One of the main consequences of these modifications is the conversion of axions into photons. Little has been said about other possible effects. In this paper we show that the trajectory of an electron can be significantly altered because of the emergence of an electric field due to the dark matter background of the axion-like particles in this modified axion-electrodynamics. Different dark matter densities and magnetic field strengths are considered and it is shown that an axion-like particle with a mass $m_a\sim 10^{-22}$ eV generates an electric field that can significantly change the trajectory of an electron in these scenarios.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2025)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions from COHERENT, PandaX-4T and XENONnT

   Gang Li🇨🇳 · Chuan-Qiang Song🇨🇳 · Feng-Jie Tang🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

   We investigate constraints on neutrino non-standard interactions (NSIs) in the effective field theory framework, using data from the first measurement of solar ${}^8$B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) in the PandaX-4T and XENONnT experiments and data from the COHERENT experiment. The impacts of neutrino NSIs on the CE$\nu$NS cross section and the matter effect in the propagation of solar neutrinos are included, while we obtain that the expected number of CE$\nu$NS events is more sensitive to neutrino NSIs appearing in the cross section. Due to relatively large statistical uncertainties, the sensitivities of the PandaX-4T and XENONnT experiments to the neutrino NSIs are currently limited, compared to the COHERENT experiment. Besides, we find that since the central value of the measured CE$\nu$NS counts significantly differs from the Standard Model prediction, the sensitivity of PandaX-4T experiment is even more restricted compared to XENONnT. However, the measurements of PandaX-4T and XENONnT are uniquely sensitive to the neutrino NSIs for the $\tau$ flavor due to oscillation feature of the solar ${}^8$B neutrinos. We also assess how the experimental central value, exposure, and systematic uncertainties will affect the constraints on neutrino NSIs from various CE$\nu$NS measurements in the future.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·22 citations
5. 05*

   Semi-visible jets + X: Illuminating Dark Showers with Radiation

   Bingxuan Liu🇨🇳 · Kevin Pedro🇺🇸

   We investigate the potential to search for semi-visible jets (SVJs) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using initial-state radiation (ISR). Both photon ISR and jet ISR channels are considered, using a benchmark signal model with the decay of a leptophobic $Z^{\prime }$ mediator forming two SVJs. We compare and extend several techniques to decompose the missing transverse momentum into per-jet contributions, in order to reconstruct the mediator mass and to define a new observable measuring the fraction of invisible dark hadrons. The presence of ISR facilitates the identification of the SVJs, and the resulting boost improves the resolution of the observables, especially for models with high invisible fractions. We combine the two observables to propose a complete search strategy and discuss an extension of the strategy to probe the whole model parameter space.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·8 citations
6. 06*

   Bottom-up approach to texture zeros in the neutrino mass matrix

   Iffat Ara Mazumder🇮🇳 · Rupak Dutta🇮🇳

   We investigate one and two texture zeros in the neutrino mass matrix using the latest oscillation data through a bottom-up approach. In this context, we begin by estimating the detailed features of each matrix element by varying the CP violating phases within $(0,2\pi )$, the lowest neutrino mass within $(0,1)\mathrm{eV}$ and the neutrino oscillation parameters such as three mixing angles and the two mass squared differences within $3\sigma$ of their central values. We find that for normal ordering, only $ee$, $e\mu$ and $e\tau$ elements of the mass matrix can vanish, whereas, for inverted ordering, five elements -- $e\mu$, $e\tau$, $\mu \mu$, $\mu \tau$ and $\tau \tau$ -- can vanish. For two texture zeros, only $(ee,e\mu =0)$ and $(ee,e\tau =0)$ are allowed in case of normal ordering. For a particular vanishing element, we also estimate the range of the lowest neutrino mass and the CP violating phases. In particular, very interesting correlation among the CP violating phases and the lowest neutrino mass is obtained for each vanishing cases.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Reduction to master integrals and transverse integration identities

   Vsevolod Chestnov🇮🇹 · Gaia Fontana🇨🇭 · Tiziano Peraro🇮🇹

   The reduction of Feynman integrals to a basis of linearly independent master integrals is a pivotal step in loop calculations, but also one of the main bottlenecks. In this paper, we assess the impact of using transverse integration identities for the reduction to master integrals. Given an integral family, some of its sectors correspond to diagrams with fewer external legs or to diagrams that can be factorized as products of lower-loop integrals. Using transverse integration identities, i.e. a tensor decomposition in the subspace that is transverse to the external momenta of the diagrams, one can map integrals belonging to such sectors and their subsectors to (products of) integrals belonging to new and simpler integral families, characterized by either fewer generalized denominators, fewer external invariants, fewer loops or combinations thereof. Integral reduction is thus drastically simpler for these new families. We describe a proof-of-concept implementation of the application of transverse integration identities in the context of integral reduction. We include some applications to cutting-edge integral families, showing significant improvements over traditional algorithms.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·16 citations
8. 08*

   Medium-induced parton splitting in expanding QCD matter

   Ismail Soudi🇫🇮

   Using the approach derived by Caron-Huot and Gale from the BDMPS-Z formalism, we obtain medium-induced parton splitting rates in a Bjorken expanding QCD matter. We compare the rate with the case of a static medium and investigate the impact of the medium expansion on the splitting rate. We also consider the leading order in the opacity expansion and the harmonic oscillator solution. These approximations are recovered in the limits of small and large formation times, respectively.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-th5 citations
9. 09*

   Loop quantum effects on direct detection prediction in two-scalar dark matter scenario

   Karim Ghorbani🇮🇷 · Parsa Ghorbani🇮🇷

   We investigate the effect of quantum corrections on the elastic scattering cross section of dark matter off nucleus in two-scalar dark matter model. Among two extra singlet scalars in the two-scalar model, the lighter one is stable and plays the role of dark matter candidate and the heavier one contributes in dark matter co-annihilation processes in thermal history of the early universe. It is already known that the two-scalar model at tree level, unlike the single-scalar dark matter model, can easily evade the bounds from direct detection (DD) experiments. The claim here is that taking into account the loop effects, in some regions of the parameter space, the DM-nucleon cross section becomes larger than the tree level contribution. Therefore, loop effects move the regions which were below the neutrino floor at tree level, up to the regions which are detectable by future DD experiments.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thEPJC(2025)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Hidden charm ${\mathcal{P}}_{cs}(4338{)}^0$ production in baryonic $B^{-}\to J/\psi \Lambda \bar{p}$ decay

    Yu-Kuo Hsiao🇨🇳 · Shu-Ting Cai🇨🇳 · Yan-Li Wang🇨🇳

    We investigate the resonant baryonic $B$ decay $B^{-}\to {\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\bar{p},{\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\to J/\psi \Lambda$, where ${\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\equiv {\mathcal{P}}_{cs}(4338{)}^0$ is identified as a hidden charm pentaquark candidate with strangeness. By interpreting ${\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0$ as the ${\Xi }_c\bar{D}$ molecule that strongly decays into $J/\psi \Lambda$ and ${\eta }_c\Lambda$, we discover a dominant triangle rescattering effect for $B^{-}\to {\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\bar{p}$, initiated by $B^{-}\to J/\psi K^{-}$. Through the exchange of a $\bar{\Lambda }$ anti-baryon, $J/\psi$ and $K^{-}$ undergo rescattering, transforming into ${\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0$ and $\bar{p}$, respectively. Based on this rescattering mechanism, we calculate $\mathcal{B}(B^{-}\to {\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\bar{p},{\mathcal{P}}_{cs}^0\to J/\psi \Lambda )=(1.4_{-1.1}^{+2.1})\times 10^{-6}$, which is consistent with the measured data.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Contact interaction treatment of $\mathcal{V}\to \mathcal{P}\gamma$ for light-quark mesons

    Yehan Xu🇨🇳 · M. Atif Sultan🇨🇳 · Khépani Raya🇪🇸 · Lei Chang🇨🇳

    The $\mathcal{V}\to \mathcal{P}\gamma$ and $\eta ({\eta }^{\prime })\to \gamma \gamma$ decays are evaluated within a Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations framework (here $\mathcal{V}=\{{\rho }^{\pm },K^{\star \pm },\varphi \}$ and $\mathcal{P}=\{{\pi }^{\pm },K^{\pm },\eta ,{\eta }^{\prime }\}$). The so-called impulse approximation (IA) is employed in the computation of the decay constants involved and decay widths, and so in the estimation of the associated charge and interaction radii. For their part, the required propagators and vertices stem from a contact interaction model, embedded within a beyond rainbow-ladder (RL) truncation that accounts for the typical ladder exchanges, quark anomalous magnetic moment, as well as the non-Abelian anomaly. While the examined transitions produce decay widths plainly compatible with the available experimental data, those processes involving the $\eta -{\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons highlight the incompleteness of the IA when considering beyond RL effects in the interaction kernels.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Scalaron dark matter and the thermal history of the universe

    Yuri Shtanov🇺🇦

    In metric $f(R)$ gravity minimally coupled to the Standard Model, the scalaron field can act as a dark-matter candidate if its mass lies in the range $\text{meV}\lesssim m\lesssim \text{MeV}$. The evolution of the scalaron is influenced by the trace of the stress-energy tensor, whose behaviour, as shown in our previous work, becomes non-adiabatic during the electroweak crossover, potentially triggering scalaron oscillations. While we previously approximated this crossover as a second-order phase transition at the one-loop level, the transition is actually smoother. In this paper, we refine our analysis to account for this smooth crossover and show that scalaron oscillations are still excited in a qualitatively similar manner, driven by the rapid dynamics of the electroweak crossover observed in numerical lattice simulations, provided the scalaron mass is sufficiently small. We also investigate the time-dependent contribution to the stress-energy trace due to the trace anomaly of quantum chromodynamics. Our results indicate that, while the trace anomaly shifts the scalaron's equilibrium value, this shift evolves adiabatically compared to the fast oscillations of the scalaron, meaning that the trace anomaly does not significantly affect the potential cosmological scenarios for scalaron evolution.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2024)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Heavy flavor-asymmetric pseudoscalar mesons on the light front

    Chao Shi🇨🇳 · Pengfei Liu🇨🇳 · Yi-Lun Du🇨🇳 · Wenbao Jia🇨🇳

    We extract the leading Fock-state light front wave functions (LF-LFWFs) of heavy flavor-asymmetric pseudoscalar mesons $D$, $B$ and $B_c$ from their Bethe-Salpeter wave functions based on Dyson-Schwinger equations approach, and study their leading twist parton distribution amplitudes, generalized parton distribution functions and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. The spatial distributions of the quark and antiquark on the transverse plane are given, along with their charge and energy distributions on the light front. We find that in the considered mesons, the heavier quarks carry most longitudinal momentum fraction and yield narrow $x$-distributions, while the lighter quarks play an active role in shaping the transverse distributions within both spatial and momentum space, exhibiting a duality embodying characteristics from both light mesons and heavy quarkonium.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·11 citations
14. 14*

    Novel standard candle: Collapsing axion stars

    Haoran Di🇨🇳 · Lijing Shao🇨🇳 · Zhu Yi🇨🇳 · Shi-Bei Kong🇨🇳

    The Hubble constant, $H_0$, is a crucial parameter in cosmology. However, various cosmic observations have produced differing posterior values for $H_0$, resulting in what is referred to as the $H_0$ tension. To resolve this discrepancy, utilizing other cosmological probes to constrain $H_0$ is advantageous. In the quest to identify dark matter candidates, the QCD axion and axionlike particles, collectively referred to as axions, have become leading contenders. These elusive particles can coalesce into dense structures known as axion stars via Bose-Einstein condensation. When these axion stars exceed a critical mass, typically through accretion or merging, they experience a self-induced collapse. This process results in short radio bursts, assuming a decay constant $f_a\lesssim 10^{13}\mathrm{GeV}$, with the frequency depending on the axion mass and the luminosity determined by both the axion mass and decay constant. Therefore, we propose that collapsing axion stars could serve as a novel standard candle to constrain $H_0$. Even more interesting is that the radio bursts emitted by collapsing axion stars with specific parameters match the characteristics of observed non-repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs). Thus, FRBs generated by collapsing axion stars have the potential to be used as standard candles to constrain $H_0$.

    hep-phgr-qcPRD(2024)·8 citations
15. 15*

    Relaxation time approximation revisited and non-analytical structure in retarded correlators

    Jin Hu🇨🇳

    In this paper, we give a rigorous mathematical justification for the relaxation time approximation (RTA) model. We find that only the RTA with an energy-independent relaxation time can be justified in the case of hard interactions. Accordingly, we propose an alternative approach to restore the collision invariance lacking in traditional RTA. Besides, we provide a general statement on the non-analytical structures in the retarded correlators within the kinetic description. For hard interactions, hydrodynamic poles are the long-lived modes. Whereas for soft interactions, commonly encountered in relativistic kinetic theory, the gapless eigenvalue spectrum of linearized collision operator leads to gapless branch-cuts. We note that particle mass and inhomogeneous perturbations would complicate the above-mentioned non-analytical structures.

    hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-thmath-ph+2SciPost Phys.(2026)·12 citations
16. 16*

    Comparative analysis of C-moments using different phenomenological models

    Jinu James🇮🇳 · R.Aggarwal🇮🇳 · M.Kaur🇮🇳

    Analysis of normalised C-moments of multiplicity distribution calculated from the different phenomenological models, the Bialas-Praszalowics~(BP) model, modified negative binomial and the superposed SGD at different center of mass~(cms) energies is presented.~The analysis covers a range of energies~(200-900 GeV) of $\bar{p}p$ collisions in restricted phase space slices.~A comparison of different models to the experimental data on charged particle multiplicity spectra from the $\bar{p}p$ annihilation in five pseudorapidity windows is reported.~The comparison shows that the two approaches other than the BP model are in better agreement to the data.~Results on variation of moments with pseudorapidity window size and with center of mass energy and observations from such a study in $\bar{p}p$ annihilation and $pp$ interactions at the same cms energy are also presented.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·0 citations
17. 17*

    A study of the $\varphi N$ correlation function

    Luciano M. Abreu🇧🇷 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · K. P. Khemchandani🇧🇷 · A. Martinez Torres🇧🇷 · Atsushi Hosaka🇯🇵

    The femtoscopic $\varphi N$ correlation function is studied within a hadronic effective Lagrangian approach with coupled channels, based on hidden local symmetry. The results are compared with the data recently reported by the ALICE collaboration. We find that the correlation function has very different features for the $\varphi N$ system in the spin 1/2 and 3/2 configurations, with the spin-averaged combination matching well with the experimental data. A strong attraction, leading to the formation of a $\varphi N$ bound state or a very prominent cusp is found in the spin 3/2 case. The correlation function for spin 1/2, on the other hand, is strongly impacted by the negative parity $N^{\ast }(1895)$ nucleon resonance.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·24 citations
18. 18*

    Yukawa textures from non-invertible symmetries

    Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Morimitsu Tanimoto🇯🇵

    Phenomenological aspects of non-invertible symmetries, in particular the flavor structure of quarks and leptons, are studied. We start with a ${\mathbb{Z}}_M$ discrete symmetry and gauge ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ so as to obtain a non-invertible symmetry. We study which Yukawa textures can be derived from the non-invertible symmetries. Various textures can be realized and some of them cannot be realized by a conventional symmetry. For example, the nearest neighbor interaction texture as well as other interesting textures of quarks and leptons are obtained.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·49 citations
19. 19*

    Strong decays of $a_0$, $f_0$, $f_2$, and $K_2^{\ast }$ resonances as dynamically generated states of two vector mesons

    Qing-Hua Shen🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

    The two-body strong decays of the $f_0(1500)$, $f_0(1710)$, $a_0(1710)$, $f_2(1270)$, $f_2^{\prime }(1525)$, and $K_2^{\ast }(1430)$ resonances are investigated, assuming them as dynamically generated states of two vector mesons via $s$-wave interactions. The partial decay widths of all the possible two-body pseudoscalar meson-pseudoscalar meson final states are calculated considering the triangular diagrams. It is found that the ratios of branching fractions are similar to the previous results for most channels, which were obtained by using the real-axis method and considering the box diagrams. However, there are also differences. In addition, our focus is on the partial decay widths. More precise experimental measurements are needed to test the model calculations and determine the nature of these scalar and tensor mesons. It is anticipated that the BES\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral3}, Belle\uppercase\expandafter{\romannumeral2} and LHCb collaborations will conduct these measurements in the future.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1EPJA(2025)·5 citations
20. 20*

    Influences of non-standard interactions on PeV neutrino events with and without a $L_{\alpha }-L_{\beta }$ symmetry

    Qiu-Xia Yi🇨🇳 · Ya-Ru Wang🇨🇳 · Shu-Jun Rong🇨🇳

    The recently reported astrophysical neutrinos events in the TeV-PeV energy range open a winder to explore new physics at energy frontiers. In this paper, we examine effects of non-standard interactions (NSIs) on the PeV neutrinos events. We consider NSIs with and without a gauge symmetry $L_{\alpha }$ - $L_{\beta }$. We find that, for typical ${\mu }^{\pm }$ damping and ${\pi }^{\pm }$ decay sources, the NSI with an extra gauge symmetry has more noticeable effects on the PeV events. Therefore, the detection of the events in the upcoming experiments could set stringent constraints on the NSI parameters in the $L_{\alpha }$ - $L_{\beta }$ symmetric case.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·0 citations
21. 21*

    Masses and radiative decay widths of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}^{\prime }(2460)$ and their bottom analogs

    Zi-Le Zhang🇨🇳 · Zhan-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Si-Qiang Luo🇨🇳 · Ping Chen🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳

    We study the mass spectra and radiative decays of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}^{\prime }(2460)$ in an unquenched framework. In addition to coupled channel effects between the $c\bar{s}$ cores and $D^{(\ast )}K$ channels, $D^{(\ast )}K$-$D^{(\ast )}K$ self interactions are also considered in this work and we succeed to reproduce their mass spectra. Furthermore, we study the radiative decays of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}^{\prime }(2460)$ by simultaneously including the compound structures of conventional $c\bar{s}$ cores and $D^{(\ast )}K$ components. We also calculate their bottom analogs with heavy quark symmetry. Our study offers useful insights into the important unquenched effects in the formation of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$, $D_{s1}^{\prime }(2460)$ and the bottom counterparts.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·17 citations
22. 22*

    Does nuclear medium affect the transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions of valence quark of pions?

    Navpreet Kaur🇮🇳 · Satyajit Puhan🇮🇳 · Reetanshu Pandey🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar🇮🇳 · Suneel Dutt🇮🇳 · Harleen Dahiya🇮🇳

    We calculate the valence quark transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) of the lightest pseudoscalar meson, pions, in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter at zero temperature by employing a light-cone quark model. The medium modifications in the pion unpolarized TMDs are induced through the effective quark masses computed using the chiral SU($3$) quark mean field model. The spin densities at different momentum fraction ($x$) have also been calculated at different baryonic densities.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2024)·12 citations
23. 23*

    Strong decays of the fully-charm tetraquark states with explicit P-waves via the QCD sum rules

    Xiao-Song Yang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Gang Wang🇨🇳

    We introduce a relative P-wave to construct the vector doubly-charm diquark $(\tilde{V})$, therefore, the scalar and tensor four-quark currents to investigate the decay widths of the fully-charm tetraquark states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ and $2^{++}$ via the QCD sum rules. We observe that the total width of the ground state $\tilde{V}\overline{\tilde{V}}$-type scalar tetraquark state is compatible with that of the $X(6552)$ within the uncertainties, and the branching ratios are quite different from that of the first radial excitation of the $A\bar{A}$-type scalar tetraquark state. Other predictions can be verified in the future experiments to shed light on the nature of the fully-charm tetraquark states.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·7 citations
24. 24*

    Dark QCD perspective inspired by strong CP problem at QCD scale

    Bin Wang🇨🇳 · Shinya Matsuzaki🇨🇳 · Hiroyuki Ishida🇯🇵

    We discuss a QCD-scale composite axion model arising from dark QCD coupled to QCD. The presently proposed scenario not only solves the strong CP problem, but also is compatible with the preheating setup for the QCD baryogenesis. The composite axion is phenomenologically required to mimic the QCD pion, but can generically be flavorful, which could be testable via the induced flavor changing processes at experiments. Another axionlike particle (ALP) is predicted to achieve the axion relaxation mechanism, which can phenomenologically act as the conventional QCD axion. This ALP can be ultralight, having the mass less than 1 eV, to be a dark matter candidate. The QCD $\times$ dark QCD symmetry structure constrains dark QCD meson spectra, so that the dark ${\eta }^{\prime }$-like meson would only be accessible at the collider experiments. Still, the Belle II and Electron ion collider experiments can have a high enough sensitivity to probe the dark ${\eta }^{\prime }$-like meson in the diphoton channel, which dominantly arises from the mixing with the QCD ${\eta }^{\prime }$ and the pionic composite axion. We also briefly address nontrivial cosmological aspects, such as those related to the dark-chiral phase transition, the dark matter production, and an ultraviolet completion related to the ultralight ALP.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·1 citation
25. 25*

    Fast multilabel classification of HEP constraints with deep learning

    Maien Binjonaid🇸🇦

    The shortcomings of the Standard Model (SM) motivate its extension to accommodate new expected phenomena, such as dark matter and neutrino masses. However, such extensions are generally more complex due to the presence of a large number of free parameters and additional phenomenology. Understanding how theoretical and experimental limits affect the parameter spaces of new models, individually and collectively, is of utmost importance for conducting model status analysis, motivating precise computations, or model-building aimed at solving certain issues. However, checking the constraints usually require a large amount of time using a chain of physics tools. We demonstrate, for the first time, the application of deep learning (DL) for the multilabel classification (MLC) of a group of theoretical and experimental constraints in the dark doublet phase of the next-to-two-Higgs-doublet model (DDP-N2HDM), as a representative 9-dimensional parameter space. We analyze the issue of class imbalance and the ability of the classifier to learn joint class distributions. We demonstrate the time advantage compared to physics tools, with the classifier achieving orders of magnitude faster checks on groups of constraints and strong performance. The classifier performed strongly in terms of identifying regions where all constraints are valid or invalid, as well as regions where one or more of the constraints are valid or invalid simultaneously. This approach can be applied to any extension beyond the SM with the potential to aid HEP tools or act as a surrogate for fast model status checks. To that end, we provide a python tool \texttt{HEPMLC} for generating and investigating multilabel classifiers for SM extensions.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thphysics.comp-ph+1PRD(2025)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Probing strangeness with event topology classifiers in pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with the rope hadronization mechanism in PYTHIA

    Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Bhagyarathi Sahoo🇮🇳 · Sushanta Tripathy🇨🇭 · Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

    In relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the formation of a deconfined and thermalized state of partons, known as quark-gluon plasma (QGP), leads to enhanced production of strange hadrons in contrast to proton-proton (pp) collisions, which are taken as baseline. This observation is known as strangeness enhancement in heavy-ion collisions and is considered one of the important signatures that can signify the formation of QGP. However, in addition to strangeness enhancement, recent measurements hint at observing several heavy-ion-like features in high multiplicity pp collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Alternatively, event shape observables, such as transverse spherocity, transverse sphericity, charged particle flattenicity, and relative transverse activity classifiers, can fundamentally separate hard interaction-dominated jetty events from soft isotropic events. These features of event shape observables can probe the observed heavy-ion-like features in pp collisions with significantly reduced selection bias and can bring all collision systems on equal footing. In this article, we present an extensive summary of the strange particle ratios to pions as a function of different event classifiers using the PYTHIA~8 model with color reconnection and rope hadronization mechanisms to understand the microscopic origin of strangeness enhancement in pp collisions and also prescribe the applicability of these event classifiers in the context of strangeness enhancement. Charged particle flattenicity is found to be most suited for the study of strangeness enhancement, and it shows a quantitative enhancement similar to that seen for the analysis based on the number of multi-parton interactions.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRC(2025)·14 citations
27. 27*

    On the model uncertainties for the predicted maximum depth of extensive air showers

    Sergey Ostapchenko🇩🇪 · Guenter Sigl🇩🇪

    A quantitative analysis of model uncertainties for calculations of the maximum depth of proton-initiated extensive air showers (EAS) has been performed. Staying within the standard physics picture and using the conventional approach to the treatment of high energy interactions, we found that present uncertainties on the energy dependence of the inelastic cross section, the rate of diffraction, and the inelasticity of hadronic collisions allow one to increase the predicted average EAS maximum depth by about 10 g/cm${}^2$. Invoking more exotic assumptions regarding a potentially significant modification of the parton hadronization procedure by hypothetical collective effects, we were able to change drastically the predicted energy dependence of the inelasticity of proton-air interactions and to increase thereby the predicted EAS maximum depth by up to $\simeq 30$ g/cm${}^2$. However, those latter modifications are disfavored by the data of the LHCf experiment, regarding forward neutron production in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider, and by measurements of the muon production depth by the Pierre Auger Observatory.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·6 citations
28. 28*

    CP violation in two-meson Tau decays induced by heavy new physics

    Daniel A. López Aguilar🇲🇽 · Javier Rendón🇲🇽 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽

    We apply the effective field theory formalism that was used to study CP violation induced by heavy new physics in the $\tau \to K_S\pi {\nu }_{\tau }$ decays to the other two-meson tau decay channels. We focus on the rate and the forward-backward asymmetries, that are predicted using current bounds on the complex Wilson coefficients of the effective Lagrangian. We discuss our outcomes for the modes with $(K/\pi ){\pi }^0$ and $K{K}_S$, that can be studied at Belle-II and a super-tau-charm facility. Our main finding is that current and forthcoming experiments would be sensitive to the maximum allowed CP rate asymmetry in the $K^{\pm }{K}_S$ modes if a precision of $5\%$ is reached on this observable, that can check as well the BaBar anomaly in $K_S\pi$. For the ${\pi }^{\pm }{\pi }^0$ channels, new physics would be difficult to probe at present. Disentangling new sources of CP violation would be most challenging in $K^{\pm }{\pi }^0$ and the other modes.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·13 citations
29. 29*

    The Gravitational Form Factors of Hadrons from CFT in Momentum Space and the Dilaton in Perturbative QCD

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

    We analyze the hard scattering amplitude of the gravitational form factors (GFFs) of hadrons at one-loop, in relation to their conformal field theory (CFT) description, within the framework of QCD factorization for hard exclusive processes at large momentum transfers. These form factors play an essential role in studying the quark and gluon angular momentum of the hadrons due to their relation to the Mellin moments of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) invariant amplitudes. Our analysis is performed using a diffeomorphism invariant approach, applying the formalism of the gravitational effective action and conformal symmetry in momentum space for the discussion of the quark and gluon contributions. The interpolating correlator in the hard scattering of any GFF is the non-Abelian $TJJ$ (stress-energy/gluon/gluon) 3-point function at $O({\alpha }_s^2)$, revealing an effective dilaton interaction in the $t$-channel due to the trace anomaly, in the form of a massless anomaly pole in the QCD hard scattering. We investigate the role of quarks, gauge-fixing and ghost contributions in the reconstruction of the hard scattering amplitude mediated by this interaction, performed in terms of its transverse traceless, longitudinal, and trace decomposition, as identified from CFT in momentum space (CFT${}_p$). We present a convenient parameterization of the hard scattering amplitude relevant for future experimental investigations of the DVCS/GFF amplitudes at the Electron-Ion Collider at BNL.

    hep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·12 citations
30. 30*

    New Search for Dark Matter with Neutrons at Neutrino Detectors

    Koun Choi🇰🇷 · Jong-Chul Park🇰🇷

    Large-volume neutrino experiments are ideal for testing boosted dark matter (BDM) scenarios. We propose, for the first time, an approach to utilize knockout neutrons by detecting de-excitation $\gamma$ rays and coincident captured neutrons from dark-matter interactions with bound neutrons in oxygen, while previous studies have focused on knockout-protons and electrons. This method is especially crucial for water Čerenkov detectors, where high proton Čerenkov threshold ($\sim$1 GeV) suppresses signal acceptance. Recently, Super-Kamiokande (SK) was doped with 0.03\% gadolinium (SK-Gd) to enhance neutron tagging efficiency. Using SK-Gd as a target experiment, we demonstrate that this method increases sensitivity to BDM models by an order of magnitude compared to proton-based analysis, and it allows exploration of a wider range of light dark-matter models previously inaccessible with proton-based analysis. We also present the projected sensitivity for the upcoming Hyper-Kamiokande detector.

    hep-phhep-ex7 citations
31. 31*

    Bound state basics

    Paul Hoyer🇫🇮

    Perturbative expansions for atoms in QED are developed around interacting states, typically defined by the Schrödinger equation. Calculations are nevertheless done using the standard Feynman diagram expansion around free states. The classical $-\alpha /r$ potential is then obtained through an infinite sum of ladder diagrams. The complexity of this approach may have contributed to bound states being omitted from QFT textbooks, restricting the field to select experts. The confinement scale 1 fm of QCD must be introduced without changing the Lagrangian. This can be done via a boundary condition on the gauge field, which affects the bound state potential. The absence of confinement in Feynman diagrams may be due to the free field boundary condition. Poincaré invariance is realized dynamically for bound states, i.e., the interactions are frame dependent. Gauge theories have instantaneous interactions, due to gauge fixing at all points of space at the same time. In bound state perturbation theory each order must have exact Poincaré invariance. This is non-trivial even for atoms at lowest order. I summarize a perturbative approach to equal time bound states in QED and QCD, using a Fock expansion in temporal ($A^0=0$) gauge. The longitudinal electric field $E_L$ is instantaneous and need not vanish at spatial infinity for the constituents of color singlet states in QCD. Poincaré covariance determines the boundary condition for $E_L$ up to a universal scale, characterised by the gluon field energy density of the vacuum. A non-vanishing density contributes a linear term to the $q\bar{q}$ potential, while $qqq,q\bar{q}g$ and $gg$ color singlet states get analogous confining potentials.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
32. 32*

    Probing anomalous Higgs boson couplings in Higgs plus jet production at NLO QCD with full $m_t$-dependence

    Benjamin Campillo Aveleira🇩🇪 · Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Matthias Kerner🇩🇪 · Lucas Kunz🇩🇪

    We present NLO QCD results for Higgs boson production in association with one jet, including anomalous Higgs-top and effective Higgs-gluon couplings within non-linear Effective Field Theory (HEFT), as well as the full top quark mass dependence. We provide differential results for the Higgs boson transverse momentum spectrum at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV and discuss the effects of the anomalous couplings.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·10 citations
33. 33*

    Exclusive vector-quarkonium photoproduction at NLO in alpha_s in collinear factorisation with evolution of the generalised parton distributions and high-energy resummation

    C.A. Flett🇫🇷 · J.P. Lansberg🇫🇷 · S. Nabeebaccus🇫🇷 · M. Nefedov🇫🇷 · P. Sznajder🇵🇱 · J. Wagner🇵🇱

    We perform the first complete one-loop study of exclusive photoproduction of vector quarkonia off protons in Collinear Factorisation (CF) including the scale evolution of the Generalised Parton Distributions (GPDs). We confirm the perturbative instability of the cross section at high photon-proton-collision energies (W_gamma+p) at Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) in alpha_s and solve this issue by resumming higher-order QCD corrections, which are enhanced by a logarithm of the parton energies, using High-Energy Factorisation (HEF) in the Doubly-Logarithmic Approximation (DLA) matched to CF. Our NLO CF + DLA HEF results are in agreement with the latest HERA data, show a smaller sensitivity to the factorisation and renormalisation scales compared to Born-order results. Quark-induced channels via interference with gluon ones are found to contribute at most 20% of the cross section for W_gamma+p > 100 GeV. Our results also show that such exclusive cross sections cannot be accurately obtained from the square of usual Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and clearly illustrate the importance of quarkonium exclusive photoproduction to advance our understanding of the 3D content of the nucleon in terms of gluons. Our work provides an important step towards a correct interpretation of present and future experimental data collected at HERA, the EIC, the LHC and future experiments.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2024)·28 citations
34. 34*

    Structure of open-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region

    Joshua Hoffer🇩🇪 · Gernot Eichmann🇦🇹 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪

    We present quantitative results for masses and the internal structure of four-quark states with two heavy quarks, i.e. $Q{Q}^{\prime }\bar{q}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$ with $Q,Q^{\prime }\in \{c,b\}$ and $q,q^{\prime }\in \{u,d,s\}$, and $J^P\in 1^{+}$. The composition of these states in terms of meson-meson and diquark-antidiquark pairs, extracted from a relativistic four-body Faddeev-Yakubowski equation, is dynamically determined from underlying QCD forces. We find states at energy levels in very good agreement with lattice QCD and, where available, with experimental states. Their internal structure, most notably between the $T_{cc}^{+}$, $T_{bc}$ and $T_{bb}^{-}$, show significant and sizeable variations.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
35. 35*

    How to unravel the nature of the ${\Sigma }^{\ast }(1430)(1/2^{-})$ state from correlation functions

    Hai-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Chu-Wen Xiao🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

    We calculate the correlation functions for the ${\bar{K}}^{0}p,{\pi }^{+}{\Sigma }^0,{\pi }^0{\Sigma }^{+},{\pi }^{+}\Lambda$, and $\eta {\Sigma }^{+}$ states, which in the chiral unitary approach predict an excited ${\Sigma }^{\ast }(1/2^{-})$ state at the $\bar{K}N$ threshold, recently observed by the Belle Collaboration. Once this is done, we tackle the inverse problem of seeing how much information one can obtain from these correlation functions. With the resampling method, one can determine the scattering parameters of all the channels with relative precision by means of the analysis in a general framework, and find a clear cusplike structure corresponding to the ${\Sigma }^{\ast }(1/2^{-})$ in the different amplitudes at the $\bar{K}N$ threshold.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·24 citations
36. 36*

    Quantum maximum entropy closure for small flavor coherence

    Julien Froustey🇺🇸 · James P. Kneller🇺🇸 · Gail C. McLaughlin🇺🇸

    Quantum angular moment transport schemes are an important avenue toward describing neutrino flavor mixing phenomena in dense astrophysical environments such as supernovae and merging neutron stars. Successful implementation will require new closure relations that go beyond those used in classical transport. In this paper, we derive the first analytic expression for a quantum M1 closure, valid in the limit of small flavor coherence, based on the maximum entropy principle. We verify that the resulting closure relation has the appropriate limits and characteristic speeds in the diffusive and free-streaming regimes. We then use this new closure in a moment linear stability analysis to search for fast flavor instabilities in a binary neutron star merger simulation and find better results as compared with previously designed, ad hoc, semiclassical closures.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·15 citations
37. 37*

    QCD-sourced tachyonic phase transition in a supercooled Universe

    Daniel Schmitt🇩🇪 · Laura Sagunski🇩🇪

    We propose a novel gravitational wave production mechanism in the context of quasi-conformal Standard Model extensions, which provide a way to dynamically generate the electroweak scale. In these models, the cosmic thermal history is modified by a substantial period of thermal inflation, potentially supercooling the Universe below the QCD scale. The exit from supercooling is typically realized through a strong, first-order phase transition. By employing the classically conformal $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}}$ model as a representative example, we show that a large parameter space exists where bubble percolation is inefficient. In this case, the top quark condensate triggers a tachyonic phase transition driven by classical rolling of the new scalar field towards the true vacuum. As the field crosses a region where its effective mass is negative, long-wavelength scalar field fluctuations are exponentially amplified, preheating the supercooled Universe. We study the dynamics of this scenario and estimate the peak of the associated gravitational wave signal, which is detectable by future observatories in almost the entire available parameter space.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·15 citations
38. 38*

    Asymptotically conformal CFL quark matter within a nonlocal chiral quark model

    Oleksii Ivanytskyi🇵🇱

    We propose a three-flavor nonlocal NJL model of quark matter with the scalar attractive, vector repulsive and diquark pairing interaction channels. The model is treated within the separable approximation to obtain the EoS of cold quark matter. The analysis of the high density asymptotics of the model allows us to conclude about its qualitative agreement with the perturbative QCD. Particularly, a color superconducting CFL state is found to be the ground one at high densities. The conformal limit of speed of sound and dimensionless interaction measure are also shown to be reached from below and above, respectively. The model is applied to modelling NSs within the scenario of early quark deconfinement triggered by the gravitational instability of the NS matter due to the BEC of a spin-color-flavor singlet three-diquark bound state, the light sexaquark, stable against the weak and strong decays. A conservative estimate of the sexaquark mass based on the most up-to-date results from QCD sum rules and a constituent quark model assumes an early quark deconfinement with the onset mass below $1{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. The scenario is shown to be consistent with the present observational constraints on the mass-radius relation and tidal deformability of NSs. Given the fact that the proposed model by construction exhibits an asymptotically conformal behavior, we consider the question about approximately conformal quark matter in NSs. We report a non-perturbative energy density range, which is inaccessible in NSs and where the speed of sound and dimensionless interaction measure of the CFL quark matter simultaneously attain the conformal values.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·14 citations
39. 39*

    Antisymmetric tensor portals to dark matter

    Alexander J. Magnus🇨🇦 · Joshua G. Fenwick🇨🇦 · Rainer Dick🇨🇦

    Both freeze-in of very weakly coupled dark matter and freeze-out of initially thermalized dark matter from the primordial heat bath provide interesting possibilities for dark matter creation in the early universe. Both scenarios allow for a calculation of baryon-dark matter coupling constants as a function of dark matter mass due to the constraint that freeze-in or freeze-out produce the observed dark matter abundance. Here we compare the resulting coupling constants in the two scenarios if dark matter couples to baryons through an antisymmetric tensor portal. The freeze-in scenario predicts much smaller coupling in agreement with the nonthermalization postulate. We find that the couplings as a function of mass behave very differently in the two scenarios.

    hep-phJ.Subatomic Part.Cosmol.(2025)·4 citations
40. 40*

    Unitarity Bound on Extended Higgs Sector with Higher Dimensional Operator

    Deepak

    We study the perturbative unitarity bound given by higher dimensional bosonic operators up to dim-6 for the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). They lead to new physics beyond the Standard Model. We point out that such operators can lead to a larger cross-section in the vector boson fusion channels for the scalars, compared to the tree-level 2HDM. We have obtained limits on a few bosonic operators up to dim-6 for 2HDM, by ensuring unitarity of the S-matrix.

    hep-phhep-th0 citations
41. 41*

    Effect of inelastic scattering on cosmic-ray-boosted dark matter

    Richie Diurba🇨🇭 · Helena Kolešová🇳🇴 · Gailyn Monroe🇳🇴

    Sub-GeV dark matter particles evade standard direct detection studies since their typical energies in the galactic halo do not allow for detectable recoil of the heavy nuclei in the detectors. However, it was noted that if the dark matter particles have sizable couplings to nucleons, they can be boosted by interactions with galactic cosmic rays and probed by experiments like Xenon-1T. We revisit the resulting bounds on DM-nucleon interaction and improve on previous works by considering the DM-nucleus inelastic cross sections provided by the GENIE interaction event generator. Including inelastic scattering in the process of dark matter boosting increases the flux of high-energy dark matter coming to Earth. Additionally, allowing for inelastic scattering with nuclei is important for a realistic description of the dark matter interacting in the Earth's crust. We demonstrate these effects on a benchmark model where dark matter interactions are mediated by a dark U(1) vector boson.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPoS(2025)·2 citations
42. 42*

    Polarizabilities from kaon Compton scattering

    Dominik Stamen🇩🇪 · Jan Luca Dammann🇩🇪 · Yannis Korte🇩🇪 · Bastian Kubis🇩🇪

    The polarizabilities of light pseudoscalar mesons can be extracted from differential cross sections for Compton scattering near threshold. While this has been accomplished for charged pions employing Primakoff reactions, a corresponding measurement for kaons will be affected by the presence of the $K^{\ast }(892)$ resonance not too far from threshold. We propose a method to extend the energy range serviceable for this purpose by reconstructing the $K^{\ast }(892)$ contribution model-independently from its $K\pi$ intermediate state, using dispersion theory. We point out that, in contrast to the charged-pion analog, there is likely no strong hierarchy between sum and difference of electric and magnetic dipole polarizabilities; we discuss the sensitivity to disentangling both by improved experimental angular coverage.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thEPJC(2024)·7 citations
43. 43*

    Factorization for jet production in heavy-ion collisions

    Yacine Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸 · Felix Ringer🇺🇸 · Balbeer Singh🇺🇸 · Varun Vaidya🇺🇸

    We develop an Effective Field Theory approach for jet observables in heavy-ion collisions, where the jet is treated as an open quantum system interacting with a hot and dense QCD medium. Within this framework, we derive a novel factorization formula for inclusive jet production, expressed as a series expansion with an increasing number of radiating subjet functions that encode forward scattering with the Quark-Gluon Plasma, convolved with perturbative matching coefficients. This work provides a systematic framework for computing jet observables at higher order and understanding their non-perturbative aspects, paving the way for future applications in heavy-ion phenomenology.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2025)·18 citations
44. 44*

    Shift operators and momentum-space conformal field theory

    Francesca Caloro🇬🇧

    A momentum-space approach to conformal field theory offers a new perspective on cosmological correlators and better reveals the underlying connections to scattering amplitudes. This thesis explores the interplay between integral representations and shift operators. A representation for the general $n$-point function of scalar operators was recently proposed in the form of a Feynman integral with the topology of an $(n-1)$-simplex, featuring an arbitrary function of momentum-space cross ratios. We show the graph polynomials for this integral can all be expressed in terms of the first and second minors of the Laplacian matrix for the simplex. Computing the effective resistance between nodes of the corresponding electrical network, an inverse parametrisation is found in terms of the determinant and first minors of the Cayley-Menger matrix. These parametrisations reveal new families of shift operators expressible as determinants that connect $n$-point functions in spacetime dimensions differing by two. Furthermore, they enable the validity of the conformal Ward identities to be established directly without recourse to recursion in the number of points. We then analyse the representation of conformal and Feynman integrals through a class of multivariable hypergeometric functions proposed by Gelfand, Kapranov \& Zelevinsky. Among other advantages, this formalism enables the systematic construction of highly non-trivial weight-shifting operators known as ``creation'' operators. We discuss these operators emphasising their close connection to the spectral singularities that arise for special parameter values, and their relationship to the Newton polytope of the integrand. Via these methods we construct novel weight-shifting operators connecting contact Witten diagrams of different operator and spacetime dimensions, as well as exchange diagrams with purely non-derivative vertices.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP0 citations
45. 45*

    Phases and Phase transitions of U(1)$\times$SU(2) symmetric holographic matter

    Matti Järvinen🇰🇷 · Elias Kiritsis🇫🇷 · Francesco Nitti🇫🇷 · Edwan Préau🇳🇱

    The phase diagram and symmetry breaking patterns of a holographic CFT with U(1)$\times$SU(2) symmetry are analyzed using the simplest holographic action, namely Einstein-Yang-Mills (YM) theory with a negative cosmological constant. This is relevant for both condensed matter and QCD applications. With a U(1) and an "isospin" chemical potential turned on, we determine all possible symmetry breaking patterns, which are associated to the condensation of spin-one order parameters. The possible IR asymptotics of the Einstein-YM solutions are derived analytically, both for 2+1 and 3+1 boundary dimensions. The competing solutions are then computed numerically, both at zero and non-zero temperature, from which the full three-dimensional phase diagram is determined. We find a surface of second order phase transitions that separate uncondensed and condensed phases. In some regions with a large fraction of charged to neutral degrees of freedom, the phase transition becomes first order.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
46. 46*

    Quantum-enhanced dark matter detection with in-cavity control: mitigating the Rayleigh curse

    Haowei Shi🇺🇸 · Anthony J. Brady🇺🇸 · Wojciech Górecki🇮🇹 · Lorenzo Maccone🇮🇹 · Roberto Di Candia🇮🇹 · Quntao Zhuang🇺🇸

    The nature of dark matter is a fundamental puzzle in modern physics. A major approach of searching for dark matter relies on detecting feeble noise in microwave cavities. However, the quantum advantages of common quantum resources such as squeezing are intrinsically limited by the Rayleigh curse -- a constant loss places a sensitivity upper bound on these quantum resources. In this paper, we propose an in-situ protocol to mitigate such Rayleigh limit. The protocol consists of three steps: in-cavity quantum state preparation, axion accumulation with tunable time duration, and measurement. For the quantum source, we focus on the single-mode squeezed state (SMSS), and the entanglement-assisted case using signal-ancilla pairs in two-mode squeezed state (TMSS), where the ancilla does not interact with the axion. From quantum Fisher information rate evaluation, we derive the requirement of cavity quality factor, thermal noise level and squeezing gain for quantum advantage. When the squeezing gain becomes larger, the optimal axion accumulation time decreases to reduce loss and mitigate the Rayleigh curse -- the quantum advantage keeps increasing with the squeezing gain. Overall, we find that TMSS is more sensitive in the low temperature limit. In the case of SMSS, as large gain is required for advantage over vacuum, homodyne is sufficient to achieve optimality. For TMSS, anti-squeezing and photon counting is necessary to be optimal. Thanks to the recent advance in magnetic-field-resilient in-cavity squeezing and rapidly coupling out for photon counting, the proposed protocol is compatible with axion detection scenario.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phnpj Quantum Inf.(2025)·11 citations
47. 47*

    The Dispersion Relation of Massive Photons in Plasma: A Comment on "Bounding the Photon Mass with Ultrawide Bandwidth Pulsar Timing Data and Dedispersed Pulses of Fast Radio Bursts"

    Bao Wang🇨🇳 · Jun-Jie Wei🇨🇳

    The dispersion measures of fast radio bursts have been identified as a powerful tool for testing the zero-mass hypothesis of the photon. The classical approach treats the massive photon-induced and plasma-induced time delays as two separate phenomena. Recently, Wang et al. (2024) suggested that the joint influence of the nonzero photon mass and plasma effects should be considered, and proposed a revised time delay for massive photons propagating in a plasma medium, denoted as $\Delta t_{m_{\gamma }}^{\prime }\propto {\nu }^{-4}$, which departures from the classical dispersion relation ($\propto {\nu }^{-2}$). Here we discuss the derivation presented by Wang et al. (2024) and show that the classical dispersion relation remains valid based on Proca equations.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phRes.Notes AAS(2024)·3 citations
48. 48*

    Neutron stars in the bumblebee theory of gravity

    Peixiang Ji🇨🇳 · Zhuhai Li🇨🇳 · Lirui Yang🇬🇧 · Rui Xu🇨🇳 · Zexin Hu🇨🇳 · Lijing Shao🇨🇳

    Recently, theoretical studies on the bumblebee gravity model, a nonminimally-coupled vector-tensor theory that violates the Lorentz symmetry, have flourished, with a simultaneous increase in the utilization of observations to impose constraints. The static spherical solutions of neutron stars (NSs) in the bumblebee theory are calculated comprehensively in this work. These solutions with different coupling constants reveal a rich theoretical landscape for NSs, including vectorized NSs and NSs with finite radii but divergent masses. With these solutions, preliminary constraints on the asymptotic vector field values are obtained through restrictions on the stellar radius.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·23 citations
49. 49*

    Supersymmetry in the Seiberg-Witten Theory: A Window into Quantum Field Theory

    Sanne Vergouwen🇳🇱 · Sebastian De Haro🇳🇱

    We take supersymmetry in the Seiberg-Witten theory as a case study of the uses of (super)symmetry arguments in studying the ontology of four-dimensional interacting quantum field theories. Together with a double expansion, supersymmetry is a via media that helps to bridge the gap between the ontologies of an exact quantum field theory and its semi-classical limit. We discuss a class of states that exist at any value of the coupling, and whose properties such as mass, electric and magnetic charges, and spin quantum numbers can be precisely characterised at low energies. The low-energy theory is best presented as a one-dimensional complex manifold, equipped with metric and other structures: namely, the space of low-energy vacua, covered by three open regions that are interpreted as macroscopic phases. We discuss two cases of emergence: the emergence of the low-energy regime and the emergence between models at low energies, thereby highlighting the significance of the topology of the space of vacua for such cases of emergence.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phhep-thSynthese(2025)·1 citation
50. 50*

    Semiclassical Lensing and Radiative Lens Equations

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Mario Cretì🇮🇹 · Leonardo Torcellini🇮🇹

    We analyze lensing of photons and neutrinos in a gravitational field, proposing a method to include radiative effects in classical lens equations. The study uses Schwarzschild and a Reissner-Nordstrom metrics expanded at second post Newtonian order in the Newtonian potential, employing a semiclassical approach to compare one-loop corrections from the Standard Model with Einstein's deflection formula via an impact parameter representation. We also explore the energy dependence of deflection due to quantum corrections and integrate these with classical lens equations.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
51. 51*

    Partial-wave analysis to determine the spin of $\Xi (1690{)}^{-}$ and $\Xi (1820{)}^{-}$ produced in $\overline{p}p$ annihilation

    Deepak Pachattu🇮🇳

    Recently [arXiv:2201.03852v2] the PANDA collaboration studied the feasibility of determining the spin and parity of the $\Xi (1690{)}^{-}$and $\Xi (1820{)}^{-}$ resonances in the $\Lambda K^{-}$ system produced in $\bar{p}p$ collisions via the reaction channel $\overline{p}p\to {\bar{\Xi }}^{+}\Lambda K^{-}$. This contribution aims to study these reactions using a model-independent irreducible tensor formalism developed earlier. This study leads us to identify the partial-wave amplitude, which would be zero if $\Xi (1690{)}^{-}$ or $\Xi (1820{)}^{-}$ had spin-1/2, provided these resonances are produced at threshold (s-wave production).

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phhep-th+1EPJA(2025)·0 citations
52. 52*

    Nuclear transparency and shadowing of the two-step process in the $A(e,e^{\prime }{\pi }^{+})$ reaction

    Tae Keun Choi🇰🇷 · Kook-Jin Kong🇰🇷 · Byung-Geel Yu🇰🇷

    We investigate nuclear transparency induced by pion electroproduction on nuclei, $A(e,e^{\prime }{\pi }^{+})$, with our interest in the role of the two-step process in the Glauber multiple scattering theory. Based on the framework in which the quantum diffusion model is incorporated into the Glauber theory, the experimental data in the range of photon virtuality $0.5<Q^2<10$ GeV${}^2/c^2$ are analyzed, including the recent JLab data at the 6 GeV electron beam together with the proposal for the 12 GeV upgrade. Application of the quantum diffusion model during the formation length of the quark/antiquark $(q\bar{q})$ structure of a pion reproduces the increase in the nuclear transparency up to high $Q^2$, showing evidence of color transparency. In contrast, through the coherent length of the ${\gamma }^{\ast }$ fluctuation into ${\rho }^0$, the two-step process with the $\rho N$ scattering cross section chosen to be ${\sigma }_{\rho N}={\sigma }_{\pi N}$ contributes to a reduction of the nuclear transparency in the whole range of $Q^2$. Combined with the one-step process (direct photon coupling) usually adopted in the original formulation of the Glauber theory, this reaction mechanism provides another source of the $Q^2$ dependence of the transparency at low virtualities through the shadowing in the initial state interaction. By the further absorption due to the shadowing, a better agreement is obtained with the pion transparency measured in the $A(e,e^{\prime }{\pi }^{+})$ reaction for ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{27}$Al, ${}^{63}$Cu, and ${}^{197}$Au nuclei. A discussion of the $Q^2$ dependence of the parameter $\alpha$ for the transparency $T_A=A^{\alpha -1}$ is given.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·4 citations
53. 53*

    Confronting new NICER mass-radius measurements with phase transition in dense matter and twin compact stars

    Jia Jie Li (SWU, Chongqing)🇨🇳 · Armen Sedrakian (FIAS, Frankfurt and U. Wroclaw)🇩🇪 · Mark Alford (Washington U., St. Louis)🇺🇸

    The (re)analysis of data on the X-ray emitting pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and J0740+6620, as well as new results on PSR J0437-4715 and J1231-1411, are confronted with the predictions of the equation of state (EoS) models allowing for strong first-order phase transition for the mass-radius ($M$-$R$) diagram. We use models that are based on a covariant density functional (CDF) EoS for nucleonic matter at low densities and a quark matter EoS, parameterized by the speed of sound, at higher densities. To account for the variations in the ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 obtained from different analyses, we examined three scenarios to assess their consistency with our models, focusing particularly on the potential formation of twin stars. We found that in two scenarios, where the ellipses for PSR J0030+0451 and J0437-4715 with masses close to the canonical mass $\sim 1.4M_{\odot }$ are significantly separated, our models allow for the presence of twin stars as a natural explanation for potential differences in the radii of these stars.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thJCAP(2025)·21 citations
54. 54*

    Phases of quartic scalar theories and PT symmetry

    Leqian Chen🇬🇧 · Sarben Sarkar🇬🇧

    For quantum mechanical anharmonic oscillator-type Hamiltonians, it is shown that there is a relation between the energy eigenvalues of parity symmetric and PT-symmetric phases for weak coupling. The possibility of such a relation was conjectured by Ai, Bender and Sarkar on examining the imaginary part of the ground state energy using path integrals. In the weak coupling limit, we show that the conjecture is true also for the real part of the ground state energy and of the excited state energies. However, the conjecture is false for strong coupling. The analogous relation for partition functions in zero spacetime dimensions is valid for many cases. However $O(N)$ symmetric multi-component scalar fields, with $N>1$ and a quartic interaction, do not satisfy the conjecture for zero and one dimensional spacetime. The possibility that the conjecture is valid, for a single component field theory in higher dimensional spacetimes, is discussed in a simplified model.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
55. 55*

    Infeasibility of Graviton Detection as Cosmic Censorship

    Andrea Palessandro🇺🇸

    We construct an explicit model of inhomogeneous gravitational collapse leading to a naked singularity in which gravitational absorption is both efficient and observable. We propose that the infeasibility of graviton detection is simply a consequence of Nature's conspiracy to hide regions of strong curvature behind event horizons.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thFound.Phys.(2025)·0 citations
56. 56*

    Observational constraints on $\alpha$-Starobinsky inflation

    Saisandri Saini🇮🇳 · Akhilesh Nautiyal🇮🇳

    In this work we revisit $\alpha$-Starobinsky inflation, also know as $E$-model, in the light of current CMB and LSS observations. The inflaton potential in the Einstein frame for this model contains a parameter $\alpha$ in the exponential, which alters the predictions for the scalar and tensor power spectra of Starobinsky inflation. We obtain these power spectra numerically without using slow-roll approximation and perform MCMC analysis to put constraints on parameters $M$ and $\alpha$ from Planck-2018, BICEP/Keck (BK18) and other LSS observations. We consider general reheating scenario by varying the number of e-foldings during inflation, $N_{pivot}$, along with the other parameters. We find ${\log }_{10}\alpha =0.0_{-5.6}^{+1.6}$, ${\log }_{10}M=-4.91_{-2.7}^{+0.69}$ and $N_{pivot}=53.2_{-5}^{+3.9}$ with $95\%$ C. L.. This implies that the present CMB and LSS observations are insufficient to constrain the parameter $\alpha$. We also find that there is no correlation between $N_{pivot}$ and $\alpha$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thGrav.Cosmol.(2025)·4 citations
57. 57*

    Emergent chirality and superfluidity of parity-doubled baryons in neutron stars

    Shigehiro Yasui🇯🇵 · Muneto Nitta🇯🇵 · Chihiro Sasaki🇵🇱

    We propose novel superfluids induced by the parity-doubled baryons. The parity-doubled baryons, i.e., a nucleon $N(940)$ with spin-parity $J^P=1/2^{+}$ and an excited nucleon $N^{\ast }(1535)$ with $J^P=1/2^{-}$ in vacuum, become degenerate at sufficiently high density where the chiral symmetry is restored. In this study, we extend the conventional $\mathrm{U}(1)$ chiral symmetry to the higher dimensional symmetries, dubbed emergent chiral symmetries, including the naive and mirror assignments as their subgroups. Starting with the Lagrangian up to four-point interactions among the neutron $n$ and its chiral partner $n^{\ast }$, neutral components in $N$ and $N^{\ast }$, in pure neutron matter, we investigate the properties of the ground state with a pairing gap generated by the $n$ and $n^{\ast }$ in the mean-field approximation. We find vector-type condensates that induce the dynamical breaking of a new class of internal symmetries, emergent chiral symmetries, as well as the baryon number and the rotational symmetries of the real space, indicating the appearance of massless Nambu-Goldstone bosons consisting of six quarks: emergent pions, superfluid phonons, and magnons, respectively. We also study the fermionic excitation modes at low-energy scales, and show that they exhibit a spatial anisotropy of the propagation at the Dirac cone in momentum space. Some phenomenological implications are advocated, shedding new light on the properties of neutron stars.

    ↳ nucl-thcond-mat.supr-conhep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
58. 58*

    A simple explanation of the absence of the spherical nuclei with the hidden-color states

    Tao Wang🇨🇳

    Inspired by the EMC effect, the Cd puzzle and the SU3-IBM, a hypothesis can be given for a nucleus, that only the nucleus itself is a trivial (0,0) representation of the SU(3) group, which leads to the simple conclusion that spherical nucleus does not exist and the spherical mean field is not allowed. The key conclusion is that the whole nucleus should have many hidden-color states, and the quark-gluon degrees of freedom are required even at the low-energy excitation of the nucleus.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex0 citations
59. 59*

    A universal implementation of radiative effects in neutrino event generators

    Julia Tena Vidal🇮🇱 · Adi Ashkenazi🇮🇱 · Larry B. Weinstein🇺🇸 · Peter Blunden🇨🇦 · Steven Dytman🇺🇸 · Noah Steinberg🇺🇸

    Due to the similarities between electron-nucleus ($eA$) and neutrino-nucleus scattering ($\nu A$), $eA$ data can contribute key information to improve cross-section modeling in $eA$ and hence in $\nu A$ event generators. However, to compare data and generated events, either the data must be radiatively corrected or radiative effects need to be included in the event generators. We implemented a universal radiative corrections program that can be used with all reaction mechanisms and any $eA$ event generator. Our program includes real photon radiation by the incident and scattered electrons, and virtual photon exchange and photon vacuum polarization diagrams. It uses the ``extended peaking" approximation for electron radiation and neglects charged hadron radiation. This method, validated with GENIE, can also be extended to simulate $\nu A$ radiative effects. This work facilitates data-event-generator comparisons used to improve $\nu A$ event generators for the next-generation of neutrino experiments.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·3 citations
60. 60*

    A model for inflaton induced baryogenesis and its phenomenological consequences

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Qi Chen🇨🇳 · Yuan Yin🇨🇳

    In this study, we introduce a novel approach aimed at addressing the longstanding baryon-anti-baryon asymmetry conundrum. Our proposed mechanism suggests that baryon numbers were generated during the inflationary epoch through the dynamics of the inflaton field coupled with an explicit baryon number violating interaction. Notably, during inflation, it is possible to halt the baryon number generation process via a symmetry restoration phase transition. We elucidate that prior to this phase transition, baryon numbers could be synthesized and preserved within classical field configurations. Subsequently, following the phase transition, these baryon numbers were liberated as particles. Crucially, we demonstrate that this mechanism of baryon number production is intricately linked with significant cosmological collider signals and gravitational wave (GW) signals, offering a compelling framework to explore the origins of the universe's matter-antimatter asymmetry.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
61. 61*

    Are these quasi-normal modes?

    Gustavo Godinho🇧🇷 · Willians Barreto🇧🇷

    We discuss how to extract numerically the expected lowest quasi-normal mode (QNM) associated with the pressure anisotropy for a Bjorken flux evolution to equilibrium. This QNM was easily decoded subtracting the hydrodynamical attractors and was compared with other authors calculations. After evolutions with transients close to the expected lowest QNM the system goes to a tail (pure imaginary frequency) for late times. We analyze the relevance of Navier-Stokes, second order and Borel attractors at each stage of the evolution, which begins far-from-equilibrium and ends close to equilibrium.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thRevista Brasileira de Fisica, vol. 4, num…·1 citation
62. 62*

    Pinching Sudakov

    A.V. Belitsky🇺🇸 · L.V. Bork🇷🇺 · V.A. Smirnov🇷🇺

    In this paper, we discuss the factorization of the Sudakov form factor on the Coulomb branch of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the near mass-shell limit. We unravel all pinch singularities of this observable making use of the Method of Regions. We find their operator content in terms of matrix elements of Wilson lines on semi-infinite and finite intervals for the jet and ultrasoft functions, respectively. However, naive factorization into these incoherent momentum components is broken at two-loop order by effects subleading in the parameter of dimensional regularization. To save the day, we perform an appropriate twisting of the functions involved as well as simultaneous finite scheme transformation of the 't Hooft coupling. Infrared physics of twisted jet and ultrasoft functions is governed by the octagon anomalous dimension, while the untwisted ultrasoft function possesses infrared evolution driven by an anomalous dimension different from the ubiquitous cusp.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·6 citations
63. 63*

    Constraining burdened PBHs with gravitational waves

    Basabendu Barman🇮🇳 · Kousik Loho🇮🇳 · Óscar Zapata🇨🇴

    We investigate the implications of memory burden on the gravitational wave (GW) spectrum arising from the Hawking evaporation of light primordial black holes (PBHs). By considering both rotating (Kerr) and non-rotating (Schwarzschild) PBHs, we demonstrate that the overproduction of primordial GWs from burdened PBHs could impose stringent constraints on the parameters governing backreaction effects. These constraints, derived from $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ measurements by Planck and prospective experiments such as CMB-S4 and CMB-HD, offer novel insights into the impact of memory burden on PBH dynamics.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·29 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.