Mon·Jun 10, 2024Monday·June 10, 2024

1. 01*

   Determining Weak-Mixing Angle at $\mu$TRISTAN

   Lisong Chen🇩🇪 · Syuhei Iguro🇩🇪 · Yu Hamada🇩🇪

   $\mu$TRISTAN is a realistic high energy lepton collider based on the existing technology aiming at indirect and direct search for the physics beyond the standard model (SM). We propose a measurement to determine one of the most prominent parameters of the SM, weak mixing angle to test the SM and probe the new physics effect in Møller-like scattering with a wide range of interaction scales. We show that this experiment not only can determine the weak mixing angle with percent to milli-level accuracy but also scan over a wide range of interaction scales that have never been archived in a single experiment elsewhere.

   hep-phhep-ex7 citations
2. 02*

   Analyzing the Correlation Between Thermal and Kinematic Parameters in Various Multiplicity Classes within 7 and 13 TeV pp Collisions

   Muhammad Waqas🇨🇳 · Wolfgang Bietenholz🇲🇽 · Mohamed Bouzidi🇸🇦 · Muhammad Ajaz🇵🇰 · Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail🇦🇪 · Taoufik Saidani🇸🇦

   We investigate the transverse momentum spectra of identified particles at 7 TeV and 13 TeV in pp collisions in the framework of the blast wave model with Tsallis statistics (TBW). Based on experimental data by ALICE Collaboration, we observe that the model describes the $p_T$ spectra well with the common Tsallis temperature (T) and flow velocity (\beta_T) but separate non-extensive parameters (q) for baryons and mesons. The parameter dependence on multiplicity as well as on collision energy is investigated, and a strong dependence on the former while a weak dependence on the latter is reported. The extracted parameters in this work consist of the initial temperature (T_i), the average transverse momentum (<p_T>), the T, \beta_T, and the q. These parameters are found to increase a little with increasing energy, however, they (except the parameter q) decrease significantly with decreasing multiplicity. We observe that ${\beta }_T$ drops to zero after the multiplicity class VII, while, $T$ and $q$ do not change their behavior. Furthermore, our analysis explore the correlations among different parameters, including associations with the charged particle multiplicity per unit pseudorapidity (dN_{ch}/d\eta). The correlation between T and beta_T, T and dN_{ch}/d\eta, \beta_T and dN_{ch}/d\eta, T_i and <p_T> and T_i and dN_{ch}/d\eta demonstrates a positive relationship, while, the correlation between T and q-1, and q-1 and dN_{ch}/d\eta is negative. Finally, we implement an extra flow correction on the T parameter. Our findings reveal that the Doppler-corrected temperature parameter aligns closely with the T in scenarios with lower multiplicities. However, as the multiplicity increases, a noticeable divergence emerges between these parameters, indicating a widening separation between them.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·4 citations
3. 03*

   The Potential Energy of Heavy Quarkonium in Flavor-Dependent Systems from a Holographic Model

   Xi Guo🇨🇳 · Xun Chen🇨🇳 · Dong Xiang🇨🇳 · Miguel Angel Martin Contreras🇨🇳 · Xiao-Hua Li🇨🇳

   Within the framework of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) model, which incorporates information on the equation of state and baryon number susceptibility from lattice results, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the potential energy, running coupling, and dissociation time for heavy quark-antiquark pairs using gauge/gravity duality. This study encompasses various systems, including pure gluon systems, 2 flavor systems, 2+1 flavor systems, and 2+1+1 flavor systems under finite temperature and chemical potential. The results reveal that the linear component of the potential energy diminishes as the flavor increases. It is also found that our results are extremely close to the recent lattice results for 2+1 flavors at finite temperature. Moreover, we have thoroughly investigated the dissociation distance and running coupling constant of quark-antiquark pairs to gain a comprehensive understanding of their behavior across various flavors. Finally, we have examined real-time dynamics of quark dissociation. The findings indicate that the dissociation time of quark-antiquark pairs is dependent on temperature, chemical potential, and flavor of the systems.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·16 citations
4. 04*

   Detection Prospects of Millicharged Dark Matter in Unconventional Interferometer

   Chrisna Setyo Nugroho🇹🇼

   We propose a novel idea to discover millicharged particles (mCPs) captured by the earth during its existence. It has been demonstrated that the mCPs accumulation inside the earth leads to the enhancement of its number density much larger than the corresponding virial density. We propose to utilize an unconventional laser interferometer to probe these earth-bound mCPs through the detection of the photons's phase shift. We demonstrate that, for mCPs mass in the range between $1$ GeV to $10^{12}$ GeV, the sensitivity of probing their fractional electric charge $ϵ$ could reach as low as $10^{-12}$ to $10^{-6}$ provided that mCPs number density is greater than $1{\text{cm}}^{-3}$.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
5. 05*

   Emergence of KNO scaling in multiplicity distributions in jets produced at the LHC

   G. R. Germano🇧🇷 · F. S. Navarra🇧🇷 · G. Wilk🇵🇱 · Z. Wlodarczyk🇵🇱

   In this work we study the multiplicity distributions (MDs) of charged particles within jets in proton-proton collisions, which were measured by the ATLAS collaboration in 2011, 2016 and 2019. The first data set refers to jets with lower transverse momenta ($4<p_T<40$ GeV ) whereas the other two refer to higher $p_T$ jets ($0.1<p_T<2.5$ TeV). We find that the first set shows no sign of KNO scaling whereas the higher $p_T$ sets gradually approach the scaling limit. In the first set the mean multiplicity as a function of $p_T$ can be well described by expressions derived from QCD with different approximation schemes. For higher ($>500$ GeV) values of $p_T$ these expressions significantly overshoot the data. We show that the behavior of the MDs can be well represented by a Sub-Poisson distribution with energy dependent parameters. In the range $40<p_T<100$ GeV there is a transition from sub to super poissonian behavior and the MD evolves to a geometric distribution, which shows KNO scaling. In this way we fit the MDs in all transverse momentum intervals with one single expression. We discuss the implications of this phenomenological finding.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Proton 3D reconstruction with T-odd TMD gluon densities

   Alessandro Bacchetta🇮🇹 · Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸 · Marco Radici🇮🇹

   We present studies aimed at probing the 3D gluon content of the proton through spin-dependent TMD gluon densities, computed by means of the spectator-model approach. Our formalism incorporates a fit-based modulation function for the spectator mass, designed to capture longitudinal-momentum effects across a broad kinematic range. Special emphasis is placed on the time-reversal even Boer-Mulders and the time-reversal odd Sivers functions. Accurate understanding of these functions is crucial for conducting precise 3D analyses of nucleons, highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts between the LHC and EIC Communities.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPoS(2024)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in quark matter with chiral imbalance

   Francisco X. Azeredo🇧🇷 · Dyana C. Duarte🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · Gastão Krein🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

   We study the thermodynamics of the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model considering the effects of an effective chiral chemical potential. We offer a new parametrization of the Polyakov-loop potential depending on temperature and the chiral chemical potential which, when used together with a proper regularization scheme of vacuum contributions, predicts results consistent with those from lattice simulations.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·16 citations
8. 08*

   Shear viscosity from perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics to the hadron resonance gas at finite baryon, strangeness, and electric charge densities

   Isabella Danhoni🇩🇪 · Jordi Salinas San Martin🇺🇸 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸

   Through model-to-data comparisons from heavy-ion collisions, it has been shown that the Quark Gluon Plasma has an extremely small shear viscosity at vanishing densities. At large baryon densities, significantly less is known about the nature of the shear viscosity from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Within heavy-ion collisions, there are three conserved charges: baryon number (B), strangeness (S), and electric charge (Q). Here we calculate the shear viscosity in two limits using perturbative QCD and an excluded-volume hadron resonance gas at finite BSQ densities. We then develop a framework that interpolates between these two limits such that shear viscosity is possible to calculate across a wide range of finite BSQ densities. We find that the pQCD and hadron resonance gas calculations have different BSQ densities dependence such that a rather non-trivial shear viscosity appears at finite densities.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·8 citations
9. 09*

   Wave functions of multiquark hadrons from representations of the symmetry groups $S_n$

   Nicholas Miesch🇺🇸 · Edward Shuryak🇺🇸

   Construction of the wave functions of multiquark hadrons by traditional method based on tensor products of colors, flavors, spins (and orbital) parts becomes quite complex when quark numbers grow $n=5,\mathrm{6...12}$, as it gets difficult to satisfy requirements of Fermi statistics. Our novel approach is focused directly on representations of the permutation symmetry generators. After showing how $C_3$ is manifested in the wave functions of (excited) baryons, we use it to construct the wave functions for a set of pentaquarks and hexaquarks (n=5,6). We also have some partial results for larger systems, with $n=9$ and 12, and even beyond that as far as $n=24$.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Unified view of scalar and vector dark matter solitons

    Hong-Yi Zhang🇨🇳

    The existence of solitons -- stable, long-lived, and localized field configurations -- is a generic prediction for ultralight dark matter. These solitons, known by various names such as boson stars, axion stars, oscillons, and Q-balls depending on the context, are typically treated as distinct entities in the literature. This study aims to provide a unified perspective on these solitonic objects for real or complex, scalar or vector dark matter, considering self-interactions and nonminimal gravitational interactions. We demonstrate that these solitons share universal nonrelativistic properties, such as conserved charges, mass-radius relations, stability and profiles. Without accounting for alternative interactions or relativistic effects, distinguishing between real and complex scalar dark matter is challenging. However, self-interactions differentiate real and complex vector dark matter due to their different dependencies on the macroscopic spin density of dark matter waves. Furthermore, gradient-dependent nonminimal gravitational interactions impose an upper bound on soliton amplitudes, influencing their mass distribution and phenomenology in the present-day universe.

    hep-phastro-ph.COnlin.PSJHEP(2025)·37 citations
11. 11*

    An event generator for Lepton-Hadron Deep Inelastic Scattering at NLO+PS with POWHEG including mass effects

    Luca Buonocore🇨🇭 · Giovanni Limatola🇮🇹 · Paolo Nason🇮🇹 · Francesco Tramontano🇮🇹

    We present a generator for lepton nucleon collisions in the DIS regime, focusing in particular on processes with a massive lepton and/or a massive quark in the final state. We have built a full code matching NLO QCD corrections to parton shower Monte Carlo programs in the POWHEG-BOX framework. Our code can be used to compute NLO+PS accurate fully differential predictions for neutral current and charged current processes, including processes with an incoming tau neutrino, and/or including charm quarks in the final state. We also made comparisons with available data and predictions for the new neutrino experiments at CERN.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·25 citations
12. 12*

    Born-Oppenheimer Potentials for $SU(3)$ Gauge Theory

    Fareed Alasiri🇺🇸 · Eric Braaten🇺🇸 · Abhishek Mohapatra🇩🇪

    We develop parameterizations of 8 of the lowest Born-Oppenheimer potentials for quarkonium hybrid mesons as functions of the separation $r$ of the static quark and antiquark sources. The parameters are determined by fitting results calculated using pure $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory. The parameterizations have the correct limiting behavior at small $r$, where the potentials form multiplets associated with gluelumps. They have the correct limiting behavior at large $r$, where the potentials form multiplets associated with excitations of a relativistic string. There is a narrow avoided crossing in the small-$r$ region between two potentials with the same Born-Oppenheimer quantum numbers.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2024)·17 citations
13. 13*

    Oscillations of Majorana neutrinos in supernova and CP violation

    A.Popov🇷🇺 · A.Studenikin🇷🇺

    Leptonic CP violation is one of the most important topics in neutrino physics. CP violation in the neutrino sector is strongly related to the nature of neutrinos: whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. In \cite{Popov:2021icg} we have shown that for Majorana neutrinos appearance of nonzero Majorana CP-violating phases combined with strong magnetic field during supernova core-collapse can induce new resonances in neutrino oscillations, for example in ${\nu }_e\to {\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ channel. In this paper we further study new resonances in Majorana neutrino oscillations, in particular energy dependence of amplitudes of resonant oscillations. Our findings suggest a potential astrophysical setup for studying the nature of neutrino masses and leptonic CP violation and may be important for future neutrino experiments, such as JUNO, Hyper-Kamiokande and DUNE.

    hep-phhep-thPhysics of Particles and Nuclei Letters (…·0 citations
14. 14*

    Revising the full one-loop gauge prefactor in electroweak vacuum stability

    Pietro Baratella🇸🇮 · Miha Nemevšek🇸🇮 · Yutaro Shoji🇸🇮 · Katarina Trailović🇸🇮 · Lorenzo Ubaldi🇸🇮

    We revisit the decay rate of the electroweak vacuum in the Standard Model with the full one-loop prefactor. We focus on the gauge degrees of freedom and derive the degeneracy factors appearing in the functional determinant using group theoretical arguments. Our treatment shows that the transverse modes were previously overcounted, so we revise the calculation of that part of the prefactor. The new result modifies the gauge fields' contribution by $6\%$ and slightly decreases the previously predicted lifetime of the electroweak vacuum, which remains much longer than the age of the universe. Our discussion of the transverse mode degeneracy applies to any calculation of functional determinants involving gauge fields in four dimensions.

    hep-phhep-thPRL(2025)·11 citations
15. 15*

    Next challenges in semi-leptonic B decays

    Shoji Hashimoto🇯🇵

    Lattice calculation of $B\to D^{(\ast )}\ell \bar{\nu }$ decay form factors is now available from multiple lattice collaborations for both zero-recoil limit and non-zero recoil kinematics. Yet, there are a number of challenges we face to better control the systematic errors and to extend the application of lattice calculations to related quantities. The subjects are chosen from my own perspective and not meant to be conprehensive.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·1 citation
16. 16*

    Towards understanding of the inclusive vs exclusive puzzle in the $|V_{cb}|$ determinations

    Shoji Hashimoto🇯🇵

    Lattice calculation may play an important role to understand the cause of the long-standing puzzle among the determination of $|V_{cb}|$. The key element is the computation of the inclusive decay rate, for which the formalism is under development. The method has its own problem: the approximation of the phase-space factor and finite volume effect. I discuss the current status of such study and future prospects.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·4 citations
17. 17*

    Measurements of the branching fractions of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$, ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0\eta$, and ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\eta }^{\prime }$ and asymmetry parameter of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$

    Belle · Belle II Collaborations: I. Adachi · L. Aggarwal · H. Aihara · N. Akopov · A. Aloisio · N. Althubiti · N. Anh Ky · D. M. Asner · H. Atmacan · T. Aushev · V. Aushev and 371 other authors

    We present a study of ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$, ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0\eta$, and ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\eta }^{\prime }$ decays using the Belle and Belle~II data samples, which have integrated luminosities of 980~${\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ and 426~${\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$, respectively. We measure the following relative branching fractions $$\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0)/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.48\pm 0.02(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.03(\mathrm{syst}),$$ $$\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0\eta )/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.11\pm 0.01(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.01(\mathrm{syst}),$$ $$\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\eta }^{\prime })/\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.08\pm 0.02(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.01(\mathrm{syst})$$ for the first time, where the uncertainties are statistical ($\mathrm{stat}$) and systematic ($\mathrm{syst}$). By multiplying by the branching fraction of the normalization mode, $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})$, we obtain the following absolute branching fraction results $(6.9\pm 0.3(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.5(\mathrm{syst})\pm 1.3(\mathrm{norm}))\times 10^{-3}$, $(1.6\pm 0.2(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.2(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.3(\mathrm{norm}))\times 10^{-3}$, and $(1.2\pm 0.3(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.1(\mathrm{syst})\pm 0.2(\mathrm{norm}))\times 10^{-3}$, for ${\Xi }_c^0$ decays to ${\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$, ${\Xi }^0\eta$, and ${\Xi }^0{\eta }^{\prime }$ final states, respectively. The third errors are from the uncertainty on $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})$. The asymmetry parameter for ${\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0$ is measured to be $\alpha ({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^0{\pi }^0)=-0.90\pm 0.15(\mathrm{stat})\pm 0.23(\mathrm{syst})$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJHEP(2024)·23 citations
18. 18*

    The distribution amplitude of the ${\eta }_c$-meson at leading twist from Lattice QCD

    Benoît Blossier🇫🇷 · Mariane Mangin-Brinet🇫🇷 · José Manuel Morgado Chávez🇫🇷 · Teseo San José🇫🇷

    Distribution amplitudes are functions of non-perturbative matrix elements describing the hadronization of quarks and gluons. Thanks to factorization theorems, they can be used to compute the scattering amplitude of high-energy processes. Recently, new ideas have allowed their computation using lattice QCD, which should provide us with a general, fully relativistic determination. We present the first lattice calculation of the ${\eta }_c$-meson distribution amplitude at leading twist. Starting from the relevant matrix element in discrete Euclidean space on a set of $N_f=2$ CLS ensembles, we explain the method to connect to continuum Minkowski spacetime. After addressing several sources of systematic uncertainty, we compare to Dyson-Schwinger and non-relativistic QCD determinations of this quantity. We find significant deviations between the latter and our result even at small Ioffe times.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2024)·11 citations
19. 19*

    Accelerated protons produced by magnetic Penrose process in Sgr A*

    Myeonghwan Oh🇰🇷 · Myeong-Gu Park🇰🇷

    Typical mechanisms to extract energies from a rotating black hole are the Blandford-Znajek process and the Penrose process. The Penrose process requires a special condition that is difficult to occur in common astrophysical situations. However, the magnetic Penrose process (MPP) does not require such a special condition, and can produce ultra-high energy cosmic rays. When neutrons decay near a rotating black hole, the MPP efficiency of the produced proton is maximized. The supermassive black hole in Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) is likely to have a radiatively inefficient accretion flow that is hot enough to produce neutrons by nuclear reactions, which can be subsequently accelerated to high-energy by the MPP. We calculate the production rate of accelerated protons from the Sgr A* to estimated the gamma-ray flux at Earth produced by these accelerated protons and the flux of the accelerated protons themselves transported from Sgr A* to Earth. We find that these very high-energy gamma rays ($E_{\gamma }\gtrsim 10\mathrm{TeV}$) amount to a significant fraction of the flux of the gamma-ray from the HESS J1745-290 and the central molecular zone around $100\mathrm{TeV}$. The accelerated proton flux, when the dimensionless spin parameter $a_{\ast }=0.5$ and the magnetic field strength in the vicinity of the black hole $B_0=100\mathrm{G}$, is about $1.6-4.1\%$ of the cosmic ray proton flux from KASCADE experiment at about $1\mathrm{PeV}$. Due to the finite decay time of neutrons which need to be transported from the accretion flow to the acceleration zone, our acceleration model can operate only around black holes with mass not much greater than $\sim 10^8{M}_{\odot }$.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Particle production and hadronization temperature in the massive Schwinger model

    Laura Batini🇩🇪 · Lara Kuhn🇩🇪 · Jürgen Berges🇩🇪 · Stefan Floerchinger🇩🇪

    We study the pair production, string breaking, and hadronization of a receding electron-positron pair using the bosonized version of the massive Schwinger model in quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 space-time dimensions. Specifically, we study the dynamics of the electric field in Bjorken coordinates by splitting it into a coherent field and its Gaussian fluctuations. We find that the electric field shows damped oscillations, reflecting pair production. Interestingly, the computation of the asymptotic total particle density per rapidity interval for large masses can be fitted using a Boltzmann factor, where the temperature can be related to the hadronization temperature in QCD. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of an analog quantum simulation of the massive Schwinger model using ultracold atoms, explicitly matching the potential of the Schwinger model to the effective potential for the relative phase of two linearly coupled Bose-Einstein condensates.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.quant-gasgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
21. 21*

    Light holographic dilatons near critical points

    Antón F. Faedo🇪🇸 · Carlos Hoyos🇪🇸 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Ronnie Rodgers🇸🇪 · Javier G. Subils🇳🇱

    We investigate the relation between the emergence of a dilaton in gapped (confining) field theories, and the presence of either complex fixed points or instabilities in the strongly coupled dynamics in two classes of bottom-up holographic models. We demonstrate that in one of the two classes there is a critical line of first-order phase transitions (at zero temperature) that terminates at a critical point. We calculate the mass spectrum of fluctuations of the associated regular gravity backgrounds, which we interpret as bound states in the dual field theories. In proximity to the second-order phase transition, we find a parametrically light scalar state, and its composition leads us to identify it as a dilaton.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·14 citations
22. 22*

    Unraveling Trace Anomaly of Supradense Matter via Neutron Star Compactness Scaling

    Bao-Jun Cai🇨🇳 · Bao-An Li🇺🇸

    The trace anomaly $\Delta \equiv 1/3-P/\epsilon =1/3-\varphi$ quantifies the possibly broken conformal symmetry in supradense matter under pressure $P$ at energy density $\epsilon$. Perturbative QCD (pQCD) predicts a vanishing $\Delta$ at extremely high energy or baryon densities when the conformal symmetry is realized but its behavior at intermediate densities reachable in neutron stars (NSs) are still very uncertain. The extraction of $\Delta$ from NS observations strongly depends on the employed model for nuclear Equation of State (EOS). Using the IPAD-TOV method based on an Intrinsic and Perturbatively Analysis of the Dimensionless (IPAD) Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations that are further verified numerically by using $10^5$ EOSs generated randomly with a meta-model in a very broad EOS parameter space constrained by terrestrial nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations, here we first show that the compactness $\xi \equiv G{M}_{\mathrm{NS}}/R{c}^2\equiv M_{\mathrm{NS}}/R$ of a NS with mass $M_{\mathrm{NS}}$ and radius $R$ scales very accurately with ${\overline{\Pi }}_{\mathrm{c}}\equiv {\Pi }_{\mathrm{c}}\cdot (1+18\text{x}/25)\equiv \text{x}/(1+3{\text{x}}^2+4\text{x})\cdot (1+18\mathrm{X}/25)$ where $\text{x}\equiv {\varphi }_{\mathrm{c}}=P_{\mathrm{c}}/{\epsilon }_{\mathrm{c}}$ is the ratio of pressure over energy density at NS centers. The scaling of NS compactness thus enables one to readily read off the central trace anomaly ${\Delta }_{\mathrm{c}}=1/3-\text{x}$ directly from the observational data of either the mass-radius or red-shift measurements. We then demonstrate indeed that the available NS data themselves from recent X-ray and gravitational wave observations can determine model-insensitively the trace anomaly as a function of energy density in NS cores, providing a stringent test of existing NS models and a clear guidance in a new direction for further understanding the nature and EOS of supradense matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2025)·19 citations
23. 23*

    Canonicalizing zeta generators: genus zero and genus one

    Daniele Dorigoni🇬🇧 · Mehregan Doroudiani🇩🇪 · Joshua Drewitt🇬🇧 · Martijn Hidding🇸🇪 · Axel Kleinschmidt🇩🇪 · Oliver Schlotterer🇸🇪 · Leila Schneps🇫🇷 · Bram Verbeek🇸🇪

    Zeta generators are derivations associated with odd Riemann zeta values that act freely on the Lie algebra of the fundamental group of Riemann surfaces with marked points. The genus-zero incarnation of zeta generators are Ihara derivations of certain Lie polynomials in two generators that can be obtained from the Drinfeld associator. We characterize a canonical choice of these polynomials, together with their non-Lie counterparts at even degrees $w\ge 2$, through the action of the dual space of formal and motivic multizeta values. Based on these canonical polynomials, we propose a canonical isomorphism that maps motivic multizeta values into the $f$-alphabet. The canonical Lie polynomials from the genus-zero setup determine canonical zeta generators in genus one that act on the two generators of Enriquez' elliptic associators. Up to a single contribution at fixed degree, the zeta generators in genus one are systematically expanded in terms of Tsunogai's geometric derivations dual to holomorphic Eisenstein series, leading to a wealth of explicit high-order computations. Earlier ambiguities in defining the non-geometric part of genus-one zeta generators are resolved by imposing a new representation-theoretic condition. The tight interplay between zeta generators in genus zero and genus one unravelled in this work connects the construction of single-valued multiple polylogarithms on the sphere with iterated-Eisenstein-integral representations of modular graph forms.

    ↳ math.QAhep-phhep-thmath.AG+1Commun.Math.Phys.(2026)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.