Fri·Jun 7, 2024Friday·June 7, 2024

1. 01*

   Impact of NLO Weak SMEFT Corrections in $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to ZH$

   Konstantin Asteriadis🇩🇪 · Sally Dawson🇺🇸 · Pier Paolo Giardino🇪🇸 · Robert Szafron🇺🇸

   We present results from a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to ZH$ in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework, including all contributions from dimension-6 operators. At NLO, there are novel dependencies on CP violating parameters in the gauge sector, on modifications to the Higgs boson self-couplings, on alterations to the top quark Yukawa couplings, and on 4-fermion operators involving the electron and the top quark, among others. We show that including only the logarithms resulting from renormalization group scaling can produce misleading results, and further, we explicitly demonstrate the constraining power of combining measurements from different energy scales.

   hep-phPRL(2024)·35 citations
2. 02*

   Charm total cross sections with nonuniversal fragmentation treatment

   A. Geiser (1)🇩🇪 · Y. Yang (1)🇩🇪 · S. Moch (2)🇩🇪 · O. Zenaiev (2) ((1) DESY Hamburg, (2) Hamburg University)🇩🇪

   Total charm-pair cross sections in $pp$ collisions are interesting because they can be calculated to NNLO in QCD without any reference to fragmentation effects. On the other hand, the fiducial differential charm cross sections from which the total cross sections must be extrapolated are currently known to NLO+NLL at most (e.g. FONLL), and must be treated for known effects of nonuniversal charm fragmentation. A new procedure using the FONLL framework as input for an empirical parametrization of the data in both shape and normalization, with all its parameters actually fitted to data, is used to derive so-called data-driven FONLL (ddFONLL) parametrizations which can be used to extrapolate the differential cross sections to total cross sections with minimal bias. This includes an empirical treatment of all known non-universal charm fragmentation effects, in particular for the baryon-to-meson ratio as a function of transverse momentum. The total charm-pair cross sections obtained in this way, which supersede all previous ones obtained using the assumption of charm-fragmentation universality, are consistent with NNLO predictions, and allow first studies of their sensitivity e.g. to the charm-quark mass and/or the NNLO gluon PDF at very low transverse momentum fractions $x$.

   hep-ph5 citations
3. 03*

   Does the Sun have a Dark Disk?

   Gustavo F. S. Alves🇧🇷 · Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Pedro Machado🇺🇸 · Mohammadreza Zakeri🇺🇸

   The Sun is not quite a perfect sphere, and its oblateness, thought to be induced through its rotation, has been measured using optical observations of its radius. Its gravitational quadrupole moment can then be deduced using solar models, or through helioseismology, and it can also be determined from measurements of its gravitational effects on Mercury's orbit. The various assessments do not appear to agree, with the most complete and precise orbital assessments being in slight excess of other determinations. This may speak to the existence of a non-luminous disk or ring, where we also note evidence for a circumsolar dust ring within Mercury's orbit from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) mission. Historically, too, a protoplanetary disk may have been key to reconciling the Sun's metallicity with its neutrino yield. The distribution of the non-luminous mass within Mercury's orbit can modify the relative size of the optical and orbital quadrupole moments in different ways. We develop how we can use these findings to limit the mass of a dark disk, ring, or halo in the immediate vicinity of the Sun, and we note how future observational studies of the inner solar system can not only refine these constraints but also help to identify and to assess the mass of its dark-matter component.

   hep-phastro-ph.EPastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Estimate for the neutrino magnetic moment from pulsar kick velocities induced at the birth of strange quark matter neutron stars

   Alejandro Ayala🇲🇽 · Santiago Bernal-Langarica🇲🇽 · Daryel Manreza-Paret🇨🇺

   We estimate the magnetic moment of electron neutrinos by computing the neutrino chirality flip rate that can occur in the core of a strange quark matter neutron star at birth. We show that this process allows neutrinos to anisotropically escape, thus inducing the star kick velocity. Although the flip from left- to right-handed neutrinos is assumed to happen in equilibrium, the no-go theorem does not apply because right-handed neutrinos do not interact with matter and the reverse process does not happen, producing the loss of detailed balance. For simplicity, we model the star core as consisting of strange quark matter. We find that even when the energy released in right-handed neutrinos is a small fraction of the total energy released in left-handed neutrinos, the process describes kick velocities for natal conditions, which are consistent with the observed ones and span the correct range of radii, temperatures and chemical potentials for typical magnetic field intensities. The neutrino magnetic moment is estimated to be ${\mu }_{\nu }\sim 3.6\times 10^{-18}{\mu }_B$, where ${\mu }_B$ is the Bohr magneton. This value is more stringent than the bound found for massive neutrinos in a minimal extension of the \mbox{standard model.}

   hep-phastro-ph.HEUniverse(2024)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Flavor-independent yield of high-$p_T$ hadrons from nuclear collisions

   B.Z. Kopeliovich🇨🇱 · J. Nemchik🇨🇿

   Data on high-$p_T$ hadron production in heavy ion collisions at Feynman $x_F=0$ indicate at universality of the observed nuclear suppression. Our analysis of the production mechanisms demonstrates important role of the color transparency effects which make the survival probability of a quark-antiquark dipole independent of the quark flavor, provided that the hadron wave function is formed outside the medium. The latter condition imposes restrictions on the range of $p_T$, which should be sufficiently high to make the nuclear suppression universal. We also found that the in-medium broadening rate $\hat{q}$ (frequently called transport coefficient) significantly depends on the quark flavor, diminishing for heavy quarks.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Global tensor polarization of spin $3/2$ hadrons and quark spin correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions

   Zhe Zhang🇨🇳 · Ji-peng Lv🇨🇳 · Zi-han Yu🇨🇳 · Zuo-tang Liang🇨🇳

   We study the global polarization of spin-$3/2$ hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We show in particular that the global tensor polarizations of rank two or three for spin-$3/2$ hadrons are sensitive to the local two or three quark spin correlations respectively in the quark gluon plasma produced in the collision processes. We present the relationships between these measurable tensor polarizations and quark spin correlations in the quark matter system.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·11 citations
7. 07*

   Evolution of current-carrying string networks

   J. R. C. C. C. Correia🇫🇮 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹 · F. C. N. Q. Pimenta🇵🇹

   Cosmic string networks are expected to form in early Universe phase transitions via the Kibble mechanism and are unavoidable in several Beyond the Standard Model theories. While most predictions of observational signals of string networks assume featureless Abelian-Higgs or Nambu-Goto string networks, in many such extensions the networks can carry additional degrees of freedom, including charges and currents; these are often generically known as superconducting strings. All such degrees of freedom can impact the evolution of the networks and therefore their observational signatures. We report on the results of $2048^3$ field theory simulations of the evolution of a current-carrying network of strings, highlighting the different scaling behaviours of the network in the radiation and matter eras. We also report the first numerical measurements of the coherence length scales for the charge and current and of the condensate equation of state, and show that the latter mainly depends on the expansion rate, with chirality occurring for the matter era. Qualitatively, the fact that the matter era is the optimal expansion rate for these networks to reach scaling is in agreement with recent analytic modeling.

   hep-phastro-ph.COphysics.comp-phPLB(2024)·8 citations
8. 08*

   Scaling solutions for current-carrying cosmic string networks

   F. C. N. Q. Pimenta🇵🇹 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹

   Cosmic string networks are the best motivated relics of cosmological phase transitions, being unavoidable in many physically plausible extensions of the Standard Model. Most studies, including those providing constraints from and forecasts of their observational signals, rely on assumptions of featureless networks, neglecting the additional degrees of freedom on the string worldsheet, e.g. charges and currents, which are all but unavoidable in physically realistic models. An extension of the canonical velocity-dependent one-scale model, accounting for all such possible degrees of freedom, has been recently developed. Here we improve its physical interpretation by studying and classifying its possible asymptotic scaling solutions, and in particular how they are affected by the expansion of the Universe and the available energy loss or transfer mechanisms. We find three classes of solutions. For sufficiently fast expansion rates the charges and currents decay and one asymptotes to the Nambu-Goto case, while for slower expansion rates they can dominate the network dynamics. In between the two there is a third regime in which the network, including its charge and current, reaches full scaling. Under specific but plausible assumptions, this intermediate regime corresponds to the matter-dominated era. Our results agree with, and significantly extend, those of previous studies.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·2 citations
9. 09*

   The asymmetric intrinsic charm in the nucleon and its implications for the $D^0$ production in the LHCb $p+{}^{20}Ne$ fixed-target experiment

   Victor P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · Rafal Maciula🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

   Recent results indicate that charm quarks are intrinsic components of the proton wave function, and that the charm and anticharm distributions for a given value of the Bjorken - $x$ variable can be different. In this paper, we will investigate the impact of this asymmetric intrinsic charm on the production of $D^0$ and ${\bar{D}}^0$ mesons for fixed target $p{+}^{20}Ne$ collisions at the LHCb. In our calculations, we include the contribution of the gluon-gluon fusion, gluon - charm and recombination processes and assume distinct models for the treatment of the intrinsic charm component. We demonstrate that the presence of an intrinsic charm improves the description of the current data for the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions of $D$ mesons. However, such models are not able to describe the LHCb data for the $D^0$-${\bar{D}}^0$ asymmetry at large transverse momentum, which point out that the description of the intrinsic charm needs to be improved and/or new effects should be taken into account in the production of heavy mesons at forward rapidities in fixed - target collisions.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·4 citations
10. 10*

    $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-sensitive simplified template cross-sections for $t\bar{t}H$

    Henning Bahl🇩🇪 · Alberto Carnelli🇫🇷 · Frédéric Déliot🇫🇷 · Elina Fuchs🇩🇪 · Anastasia Kotsokechagia🇫🇷 · Tanguy Lucas Marsault🇫🇷 · Marco Menen🇩🇪 · Laurent Schoeffel🇫🇷 · Matthias Saimpert🇫🇷

    The $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ structure of the Higgs boson is a fundamental property which has not yet been constrained with high precision. $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ violation in the Yukawa coupling between the Higgs boson and top quark pair can be probed directly at the Large Hadron Collider by measuring top-quark-associated Higgs production. Multivariate analysis techniques commonly developed so far by the experiments are designed for a specific signal model and, therefore, complicate reinterpretations and statistical combinations. With this motivation in mind, we propose a $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-sensitive extension of the simplified template cross-section (STXS) framework. Considering multiple Higgs decay channels, we perform an in-depth comparison of $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$-sensitive observables and combinations thereof. Our resulting proposal is to extend the existing binning in the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson $p_{T,H}$ by either the pseudorapidity difference of the two top-quarks $\Delta {\eta }_{t\bar{t}}$, or a variable that is based on the top quark momenta, namely $b_2$ or the Collins-Soper angle $|\cos {\theta }^{\ast }|$. We demonstrate that this variable selection provides close to optimal sensitivity to the $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ mixture in the top Yukawa coupling for an integrated luminosity of $300{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$, by comparing it to the results of a multivariate analysis. Our results also suggest a benefit of the two-dimensional STXS extension at 3000${\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Exploring loop-induced first-order electroweak phase transition in the Higgs effective field theory

    Ricardo R. Florentino🇯🇵 · Shinya Kanemura🇯🇵 · Masanori Tanaka🇨🇳

    The nearly aligned Higgs Effective Field Theory (naHEFT) is based on the general assumption: all deviations in the Higgs boson couplings are originated from quantum one-loop effects of new particles that are integrated out. If the new particles integrated out have the same non-decoupling property, physics of the electroweak symmetry breaking can be then described by several parameters in the naHEFT, so that there is a correlation among the Higgs boson couplings such as $h\gamma \gamma$, $hWW$ and $hhh$ couplings. In this paper, we analyze the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) with the condition of sphaleron decoupling and the completion condition of the phase transition, and investigate the relation among the deviations in the Higgs boson couplings and the dynamics of the EWPTs. We also take into account the gravitational wave spectrum as well as the primordial black hole predicted at the EWPT. We show that if the new particles integrated out include charged scalar states future precision measurements of the $h\gamma \gamma$ coupling can give a useful prediction on the $hhh$ coupling to realize the strongly first-order EWPT. We can explore the nature of EWPT and the new physics behind it by the combination of precision measurements of various Higgs boson couplings at future collider experiments, gravitational wave observations at future space-based interferometers and searches for primordial black holes.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2024)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Precise measurement of light-quark electroweak couplings at future colliders

    Krzysztof Mękała🇩🇪 · Daniel Jeans🇯🇵 · Junping Tian🇯🇵 · Jürgen Reuter🇩🇪 · Aleksander Filip Żarnecki🇵🇱

    Electroweak Precision Measurements are stringent tests of the Standard Model and sensitive probes to New Physics. Accurate studies of the Z-boson couplings to the first-generation quarks could reveal potential discrepancies between the fundamental theory and experimental data. Future lepton colliders offering high statistics of Z bosons would be an excellent tool to perform such a measurement based on comparison of radiative and non-radiative hadronic decays of the Z boson. Due to the difference in quark charge, the relative contribution of the events with final-state radiation (FSR) directly reflects the ratio of up- and down-type quark decays. Such an analysis requires a proper distinction between photons coming from different sources, including initial-state radiation (ISR), FSR, parton showers and hadronisation. In our talk, we will show how to extract the values of the Z couplings to quarks and present preliminary results of the analysis for ILC.

    hep-ph1 citation
13. 13*

    Multiplicity dependence of (multi)strange hadrons in oxygen-oxygen collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7$ TeV using EPOS4 and AMPT

    M. U. Ashraf🇺🇸 · A. M. Khan🇺🇸 · J. Singh🇨🇱 · G. Nigmatkulov🇺🇸 · H. Roch🇺🇸 · S. Kabana🇨🇱

    It is anticipated that the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will collect data from oxygen-oxygen ($O+O$) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 7 TeV to explore the effects observed in high multiplicity proton-proton ($p+p$) and proton-lead ($p+pb$) collisions that closely related to lead-lead ($Pb+Pb$) collisions. These effects include azimuthal asymmetries in particle production, as well as variations in the abundances and momentum distributions across different hadron species, which are indicative of collective particle production mechanisms induced by the interactions in the presence of a QGP. The upcoming data on $O+O$ collisions at the LHC are expected to constrain the model parameters and refine our understanding of theoretical models. In this work, the predicted transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra, rapidity density distributions ($dN/dy$), particle yield ratios, and $p_T$-differential ratios of (multi)strange hadrons produced in $O+O$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 7 TeV using AMPT and EPOS4 models are presented. AMPT focuses on preformed hadronic interactions, while EPOS4 incorporates a QGP phase. Stronger radial flow in EPOS4 as compared to AMPT is also observed. AMPT incorporates some flow effects, but the implementation of full hydrodynamic flow in EPOS4 appears to be significantly more effective in reproducing the existing experimental data. Both models predict the final state multiplicity overlap with $p+p$, $p+pb$, and $Pb+Pb$ collisions.

    hep-phChin.J.Phys.(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Light quark mass dependence of nucleon mass to two-loop order

    Long-Bin Chen🇨🇳 · Siwei Hu🇨🇳 · Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Zhewen Mo🇨🇳

    We investigate the nucleon self energy through the sixth chiral order in the covariant $SU(2)$ chiral perturbation theory ($\chi$PT) in the single baryon sector. The validity of the extended on-mass-shell (EOMS) renormalization scheme is explicitly verified to two-loop order, manifested by the miraculous cancellation of all nonlocal divergences and power-counting-breaking (PCB) terms that are nonanalytic in pion mass. Using the ${\sigma }_{\pi N}$ term determined from the latest lattice simulation to constrain some unknown higher-order low energy constants (LECs), we predict the nucleon mass in the chiral limit to be $856.6\pm 1.7$ MeV. It is found that the EOMS scheme exhibits quite satisfactory convergence behavior through $\mathcal{O}(q^6)$ around physical point. We also predict the pion mass dependence of the nucleon mass to the accuracy of $\mathcal{O}(q^6)$, which is in satisfactory agreement with the recent lattice results over a wide range of pion mass.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-th10 citations
15. 15*

    An improved description of charm fragmentation data

    Matteo Cacciari🇫🇷 · Andrea Ghira🇮🇹 · Simone Marzani🇮🇹 · Giovanni Ridolfi🇮🇹

    We consider the fragmentation of heavy quarks into heavy-flavoured hadrons, specifically the production of charmed mesons in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions, at different centre-of-mass energies. We focus our attention on the ratio of moments of the $D^{\ast +}$ energy spectrum measured by ALEPH and CLEO. This ratio is believed to provide us with a direct test of perturbative QCD evolution because hadronisation effects should cancel between the numerator and denominator. However, state-of-the-art calculations based on standard (final-state) collinear factorisation fail to describe the experimental data. We show that this discrepancy is considerably reduced if heavy-quark threshold effects are accounted for not only in DGLAP evolution, as it is usually done, but also in the resummed coefficient functions.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·15 citations
16. 16*

    Cogenesis by a sliding pNGB with symmetry non-restoration

    Eung Jin Chun🇰🇷 · Suruj Jyoti Das🇰🇷 · Minxi He🇰🇷 · Tae Hyun Jung🇰🇷 · Jin Sun🇰🇷

    We demonstrate that a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) with an initial misalignment angle can drive successful spontaneous baryogenesis and serve as a dark matter (DM) candidate, provided the corresponding global symmetry is non-restored at high temperature. A key feature of this mechanism is the presence of a slowly sliding phase in the pNGB's motion, during which it traverses rapidly diminishing potential barriers, generating and freezing the baryon asymmetry, while transitioning into the kination phase and then an oscillatory phase. Just before the `would-be' oscillation temperature, parametric resonance effectively fragments the homogeneous mode into fluctuations that ultimately constitute the final DM abundance. By considering a dimension-five explicit breaking operator, we find that the predicted pNGB mass and decay constant are approximately $5\mathrm{eV}$ and $3\times 10^6\mathrm{GeV}$, respectively, while the radial mode has a light mass $\mathcal{O}(10)\mathrm{MeV}$ and a small mixing $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ with the Higgs boson. Applied to the Majoron in the type-I seesaw model, this scenario requires the heaviest right-handed neutrino to be as light as $0.1$ to $100\mathrm{GeV}$. These predictions can be tested through kaon experiments, heavy neutral lepton searches, the LHC, and future colliders.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
17. 17*

    Evolution of the transverse-momentum dependent gluon distribution at small $x$

    Paul Caucal🇫🇷 · Edmond Iancu🇫🇷

    Using the colour dipole picture for photon-nucleus interactions at small $x$ together with the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory, we demonstrate that the next-to-leading (NLO) order corrections to the cross-section for the inclusive production of a pair of hard jets encode not only the JIMWLK evolution with decreasing $x$, but also the DGLAP evolution of the gluon distribution function and the CSS evolution of the gluon transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distribution. The emergent CSS equation takes the form of a rate equation describing the evolution of the dijet distribution in the transverse momentum imbalance $K_{\perp }$ when increasing the dijet relative momentum $P_{\perp }$. All three types of evolution become important when both $P_{\perp }$ and $K_{\perp }$ are much larger than the nuclear saturation momentum $Q_s(x)$ and we propose a framework which encompasses all of them. The solution to the JIMWLK equation provides the source term for the DGLAP evolution with increasing $K_{\perp }$, which in turn generates the initial condition for the CSS evolution with increasing $P_{\perp }$.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·27 citations
18. 18*

    Decaying sterile neutrinos at short baselines

    Matheus Hostert🇺🇸 · Kevin J. Kelly🇺🇸 · Tao Zhou🇺🇸

    Long-standing anomalous experimental results from short-baseline neutrino experiments have persisted for decades. These results, when interpreted with one or more light sterile neutrinos, are inconsistent with numerous null results experimentally. However, if the sterile neutrino decays en route to the detector, this can mimic ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$ oscillation signals while avoiding many of these external constraints. We revisit this solution to the MiniBooNE and LSND puzzles in view of new data from the MicroBooNE experiment at Fermilab. Using MicroBooNE's liquid-argon time-projection chamber search for an excess of ${\nu }_e$ in the Booster beam, we derive new limits in two models' parameter spaces of interest: where the sterile neutrino decays (I) via mixing with the active neutrinos, or (II) via higher-dimensional operators. We also provide an updated, comprehensive fit to the MiniBooNE neutrino- and antineutrino-beam data, including appearance (${\nu }_e$) and disappearance (${\nu }_{\mu }$) channels. Despite alleviating the tension with muon neutrino disappearance experiments, we find that the latest MicroBooNE analysis rules out the decaying sterile neutrino solution in a large portion of the parameter space at more than $99\%$ CL.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Entanglement and Bell nonlocality with bottom-quark pairs at hadron colliders

    Yoav Afik🇺🇸 · Yevgeny Kats🇮🇱 · Juan Ramón Muñoz de Nova🇪🇸 · Abner Soffer🇮🇱 · David Uzan🇮🇱

    It has been shown that entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which are key concepts in Quantum Mechanics, can be probed in high-energy colliders via processes of fundamental particle scattering. In fact, the ATLAS and CMS collaborations have measured entanglement using top-quark pairs produced in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. Recently, it was shown that spin correlations can be measured in pairs of bottom quarks at the LHC, despite the fact that bottom quarks, unlike top quarks, hadronize before decaying. Here, we demonstrate that quantum correlations can also be studied using bottom-quark pairs, and analyze the feasibility of the observation of entanglement and Bell nonlocality in several collider experiments. Given the low mass of the bottom quark relative to typical energies accessible at the LHC, many of the bottom-quark pairs are in the ultrarelativistic regime, where they can exhibit strong spin entanglement. We find that entanglement of bottom-quark pairs may be measurable even with the LHC Run 2 data, especially with the CMS $B$ parking dataset, while observation of Bell nonlocality may become feasible at the high-luminosity phase of the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2025)·65 citations
20. 20*

    Observable gravitational waves and $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ with global lepton number symmetry and dark matter

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Nayan Das🇮🇳 · Rishav Roshan🇬🇧

    We study the possibility of testing a dark matter (DM) scenario embedded in a global lepton number symmetry $U(1{)}_L$ via gravitational waves (GW) and cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations. The spontaneous breaking of $U(1{)}_L$ symmetry generates the seesaw scale as well as DM mass dynamically. The (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone boson, known as majoron, acquires non-zero mass due to soft symmetry breaking terms of quadratic type in the scalar potential, which eventually breaks $U(1{)}_L$ to its $Z_2$ subgroup. The spontaneous symmetry breaking, which effectively breaks $Z_2$, leads to the formation of domain walls (DW), posing a threat to successful cosmology, if allowed to dominate. As gravity does not respect any global symmetries, we consider higher dimensional operators suppressed by the scale of quantum gravity (QG) namely, ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QG}}$ which introduces the required bias leading to DW annihilation and emission of stochastic gravitational waves (GW) observable at near future experiments. The same operators also lead to decay of DM bringing interesting indirect detection aspects. While DM is produced non-thermally via scalar portal interactions, light majoron can give rise to additional $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ within reach of future CMB experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·14 citations
21. 21*

    Flavor neutrinos as unstable particles: an interaction picture view

    M. Blasone🇮🇹 · F. Giacosa🇵🇱 · L. Smaldone🇮🇹 · G. Torrieri🇧🇷

    This paper reviews the similarities in the behavior of unstable particles and oscillating neutrinos using perturbation theory within the interaction picture of quantum field theory. We begin by examining how decaying systems are studied in the interaction picture and then demonstrate how similar calculations can be performed to determine the transition probabilities for flavor oscillations. Notably, the expressions for neutrino oscillations and particle decays are identical in the short-time range. Furthermore, we show that the flavor oscillation formula derived through this method matches, within the adopted approximation, the one obtained using the flavor Fock space approach.

    hep-phhep-thJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2024)·8 citations
22. 22*

    ${}_{\Xi }^{5}H$ hypernuclei by folding the state-of-the-art $\Xi N$ interactions

    Faisal Etminan🇮🇷

    I examined a phenomenological Nijmegen and a first principles HAL QCD $\Xi N$ potentials to study $\alpha \Xi$ ineractions. A Woods-Saxon type form for $\alpha \Xi$ potential in the single-folding potential approach is derived by using the spin- and isospin averaged $\Xi N$ interactions. The possibility of resonance or bound state is searched and accordingly, the low energy scattering phase shift parameters of $\alpha \Xi$ are calculated. The numerical results show that even though two $\Xi N$ potentials have significantly dissimilar isospin (I) and spin (S) components, ${}_{\Xi }^{5}H$ could be only a Coulomb-assisted resonance state that appears about $0.5$ MeV below the threshold of $\alpha +{\Xi }^{-}$ for both model of potentials.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Evidence for strong isovector nuclear spin-orbit interaction

    Tong-Gang Yue🇨🇳 · Zhen Zhang🇨🇳 · Lie-Wen Chen🇨🇳

    The nucleon spin-orbit interaction is a cornerstone of nuclear structure theory, yet its isospin dependence remains elusive owing to the lack of clean experimental probes. Here we show that the charge-weak form factor difference in ${}^{48}$Ca, recently extracted in a model-independent manner by the CREX experiment, exhibits strong sensitivity to the isovector spin-orbit interaction. Using Skyrme-like energy density functionals, we demonstrate that a significantly enhanced isovector spin-orbit interaction, about four times stronger than conventional parametrizations, can resolve the PREX-CREX puzzle, which has challenged modern nuclear theories and our understanding of nuclear symmetry energy, while maintaining a good description of nuclear bulk properties and well-established shell structure of finite nuclei. This enhanced isovector spin-orbit interaction also provides a novel mechanism for the emergence of the $N=14$, $16$, $32$ and $34$ magic numbers in neutron-rich nuclei on the mean-field level. These findings point to a strong isospin dependence of the nucleon spin-orbit interaction, which is expected to have important implications for nuclear structures, electroweak nuclear processes, and related problems in nuclear astrophysics.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exSci.Bull.(2026)·23 citations
24. 24*

    Calculating Bayesian evidence for inflationary models using CONNECT

    Camilla T. G. Sørensen🇩🇰 · Steen Hannestad🇩🇰 · Andreas Nygaard🇩🇰 · Thomas Tram🇩🇰

    Bayesian evidence is a standard tool used for comparing the ability of different models to fit available data and is used extensively in cosmology. However, since the evidence calculation involves performing an integral of the likelihood function over the entire space of model parameters this can be prohibitively expensive in terms of both CPU and time consumption. For example, in the simplest $\Lambda$CDM model and using CMB data from the Planck satellite, the dimensionality of the model space is over 30 (typically 6 cosmological parameters and 28 nuisance parameters). Even the simplest possible model requires $\mathcal{O}(10^6)$ calls to an Einstein--Boltzmann solver such as CLASS or CAMB and takes several days. Here we present calculations of Bayesian evidence using the CONNECT framework to calculate cosmological observables. We demonstrate that we can achieve results comparable to those obtained using Einstein--Boltzmann solvers, but at a minute fraction of the computational cost. As a test case, we then go on to compute Bayesian evidence ratios for a selection of slow-roll inflationary models. In the setup presented here, the total computation time is completely dominated by the likelihood function calculation which now becomes the main bottleneck for increasing computation speed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qchep-ph+1JCAP(2025)·5 citations
25. 25*

    First Constraints on a Pixelated Universe in Light of DESI

    Jonathan J. Heckman🇺🇸 · Omar F. Ramadan🇺🇸 · Jeremy Sakstein🇺🇸

    Pixelated dark energy is a string theory scenario with a quantum mechanically stable cosmological constant. The number of pixels that make up the universe slowly increases, manifesting as a time-dependent source of dark energy. DESI has recently reported evidence for dynamical dark energy that fits within this framework. In light of this, we perform the first cosmological analysis of the pixelated model. We find that the simplest model where the pixel growth rate is constant is able to accommodate the data, providing a marginally better fit than $\Lambda$CDM; and we show that models where the pixel growth rate is increasing and of order the Hubble constant today could provide better fits. Our analysis helps to clarify the features of UV constructions of dark energy necessary to accommodate the data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·25 citations
26. 26*

    The Implication of Enhanced Cosmic Ray Diurnal Anisotropy on the Global Simultaneity of Forbush Decreases: A Statistical Approach

    O. Okike · J. A. Alhassan · I. O. Eya

    The short-term rapid CR flux depressions, generally referred to as Forbush decreases (FDs), are the most spectacular time-intensity CR variation. The need for analytical transformation of the observational CR time series data, to account for FDs and other recurrence tendencies such as periodicities and cycles, was noted since the 1930s'. Nevertheless, it has been recently observed that harmonic analysis, which is capable of transforming raw CR data into different frequencies, is rarely exploited. Predominant in the literature are the ordinary Fourier and power spectral analyses, generally used to calculate the positive vectors (amplitude and phase) of the periodic diurnal CR anisotropy. In the two approaches, the days immediately connected with FDs are frequently removed to minimize unusual changes in the amplitude of the vectors as well as a spurious time of maximum. However, there is a paucity of publications that adjust for the influence of enhanced CR diurnal anisotropy on the magnitude and timing of FDs. Recently, in an attempt to test the global FD event simultaneity, a combination of numerical filtering and fast Fourier transform techniques was deployed to account for these superposition tendencies in daily CR data, including the intractable CR diurnal anisotropy. However, an extremely sensitive version of the software would be required to analyze high-resolution CR hourly averages. As a way of achieving accurate detection and precise timing of FD signals, the computer algorithms were technically improved and employed in a long-term statistical investigation. To appreciate the implemented extremely sensitive statistical technique, several validation analyses, including FD-based solar-terrestrial correlation, comparison of FD catalogues, and Frobush event simultaneity test were conducted.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMhep-phPublication of the Astronomical Society o…·0 citations

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