Wed·May 15, 2024Wednesday·May 15, 2024

1. 01*

   Leptoquark Searches at TeV Scale Using Neural Networks at Hadron Collider

   Ijaz Ahmed🇵🇰 · Usman Ahmad🇵🇰 · Jamil Muhammad🇰🇷 · Saba Shafaq🇵🇰

   Several discrepancies in the decay of B-meson decay have drawn a lot of interest in the leptoquarks (LQ), making them an exciting discovery. The current research aims to discover the pair-production of leptoquarks that links strongly to the third generation of quarks and leptons at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}$=14 TeV, via proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Based on the lepton-quark coupling parameters and branching fractions, we separated our search into various benchmark points. The leading order (LO) signals and background processes are generated, while parton showering and hadronization is also performed to simulate the detector effects. The Boosted Decision Trees (BDTs), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Likelihood (LH) methods are effective in improving signal-background discrimination compared to traditional cut-based analysis. The results indicate that these machine learning methods can significantly enhance the sensitivity in probing for new physics signals, such as LQs, at two different integrated luminosities. Specifically, the use of BDTs, MLP, and LH has led to higher signal significances and improved signal efficiency in both hadronic and semi-leptonic decay modes. The results suggest that the LQ masses of 500 GeV and 2.0 TeV in fully hadronic decay modes can be accurately probed with signal significance 176.70 (17.6) and 184.27 (0.01) for MVA (cut-based) at 1000 $f{b}^{-1}$, respectively. Similarly, in semi-leptonic decay mode the signal significance values are 168.56 and 181.89 at lowest and highest selected LQ masses respectively for MVA method only. The enhanced numbers by a factor of 2 are also reported at 3000 $f{b}^{-1}$.

   hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.Plus(2026)·1 citation
2. 02*

   The effective field theory of extended Wilson lines

   Ryan Plestid🇺🇸

   We construct the effective theory of electrically charged, spatially extended, infinitely heavy objects at leading power. The theory may be viewed as a generalization of NRQED for particles with a finite charge distribution where the charge radius and higher moments of the charge distribution are counted as $O(1)$ rather than $O(1/M)$. We show this is equivalent to a Wilson line traced by the worldline of an extended charge distribution. Our canonical use case is atomic nuclei with large charge $Z\gg 1$. The theory allows for the insertion of external operators and is sufficiently general to allow a treatment of both electromagnetic and weak mediated lepton-nucleus scattering including charged-current processes. This provides a first step towards the factorization of Coulomb regions, including structure dependence arising from a finite charge distribution, for scattering with nuclei.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-th2 citations
3. 03*

   Low-virtuality splitting in the Standard Model

   Filippo Nardi🇨🇭 · Lorenzo Ricci🇺🇸 · Andrea Wulzer🇪🇸

   When the available collision energy is much above the mass of the particles involved, scattering amplitudes feature kinematic configurations that are enhanced by the much lower virtuality of some intermediate particle. Such configurations generally factorise in terms of a hard scattering amplitude with exactly on-shell intermediate particle, times universal factors. In the case of real radiation emission, such factors are splitting amplitudes that describe the creation or the annihilation -- for initial or final state splittings -- of the low-virtuality particle and the creation of the real radiation particles. We compute at tree-level the amplitudes describing all the splittings that take place in the Standard Model when the collision energy is much above the electroweak scale. Unlike previous results, our splitting amplitudes fully describe the low-virtuality kinematic regime, which includes the region of collinear splitting, of soft emission, and combinations thereof. The splitting amplitudes are compactly represented as little-group tensors in an improved bi-spinor formalism for massive spin-1 particles that automatically incorporates the Goldstone Boson Equivalence Theorem. Simple explicit expressions are obtained using a suitably defined infinite-momentum helicity basis representation of the spinor variables. Our results, combined with the known virtual contributions, could enable systematic predictions of the leading electroweak radiation effects in high-energy scattering processes, with particularly promising phenomenological applications to the physics of future colliders with very high energy such as a muon collider.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·8 citations
4. 04*

   Towards Quarkonium Fragmentation from NRQCD in a Variable-Flavor Number Scheme

   Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸

   We address quarkonium formation at moderate to large transverse momenta, where the single-parton collinear fragmentation prevails over the short-distance emission, directly from the hard sub-scattering, of the constituent heavy-quark pair. We rely on Non-Relativistic-QCD (NRQCD) Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) calculations for all parton fragmentation channels to quarkonia, taken as proxies for initial-scale inputs. Preliminary sets of Variable-Flavor Number-Scheme (VFNS) fragmentation functions (FFs) are built via a DGLAP scheme that properly accounts for evolution thresholds. Statistical errors are assessed via a Monte Carlo (MC), replica-like approach aimed at catching Missing Higher-Order Uncertainties (MHOUs).

   hep-phhep-exnucl-th20 citations
5. 05*

   Moduli stabilization in finite modular symmetric models

   Yoshihiko Abe🇺🇸 · Komei Goto🇯🇵 · Testutaro Higaki🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵

   We study vacua of moduli potential consisting of multiple contribution of modular forms in a finite modular symmetry. If the potential is given by a single modular form, the Minkowski vacuum is realized at the fixed point of the modular symmetry. We show that the de Sitter vacuum is realized with a multiple modular form case and obtain a non-trivial vacuum which is away from the fixed point, i.e. a large modulus vacuum expectation value, depending on the choice of the weight and representation of the modular forms. We study these vacua numerically and analytically. It is also found that the vacua obtained in this paper preserve CP symmetry.

   hep-phhep-thPTEP(2025)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Polyakov-loop phase, Roberge-Weiss periodicity and thermodynamics

   Kouji Kashiwa🇯🇵 · Hiroaki Kouno🇯🇵

   In this paper, we discuss the role of Roberge-Weiss periodicity in the thermodynamics of quantum chromodynamics at moderately high temperature, where the semi-quark-gluon plasma is expected. From the construction of the grand canonical partition function at zero and also at finite density via the canonical approach, we are able to discuss the relation between contributions of the Polyakov-loop phase and Roberge-Weiss periodicity. Then, we can conclude that the existence of Roberge-Weiss periodicity is a necessary condition to reproduce exact results at moderately high temperature.

   hep-phhep-latInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·1 citation
7. 07*

   General amplitude of near-threshold hadron scattering for exotic hadrons

   Katsuyoshi Sone🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵

   We discuss the general behavior of the scattering amplitude with channel couplings near the two-body threshold. It is known that the Flatté amplitude, which is often used in the analysis of experimental data involving exotic hadrons, has some constraint in the near-threshold energy region. While the M-matrix gives the general expression of the scattering amplitude, it is not smoothly connected to the Flatté amplitude, due to the property of the determinant of the amplitude in channel space. In this paper, based on the effective field theory, we propose new parametrization of the scattering amplitude which gives the general expression near the threshold and has a well-defined limit reproducing the Flatté amplitude. We show that the nonresonant background contribution exists in the general amplitude even in the first order in the momentum. Finally, we quantitatively evaluate the cross sections by changing the strength of the background contribution. We find that the interference with the background term may induce a dip structure of the cross section near the threshold, in addition to the peak and threshold cusp structures.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·11 citations
8. 08*

   $\gamma$ rays from in-flight positron annihilation as a probe of new physics

   Pedro De la Torre Luque🇪🇸 · Shyam Balaji🇬🇧 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪 · Leonardo Mastrototaro🇮🇹

   The $\gamma$ ray emission originating from in-flight annihilation (IA) of positrons is a powerful observable for constraining high-energy positron production from exotic sources. By comparing diffuse $\gamma$ ray observations of INTEGRAL, COMPTEL and EGRET to theoretical predictions, we set the most stringent constraints on electrophilic feebly interacting particles (FIPs), thereby proving IA as a valuable probe of new physics. In particular, we extensively discuss the case of MeV-scale sterile neutrinos, where IA sets the most stringent constraints, excluding $|U_{\mu 4}{|}^2\gtrsim 10^{-13}$ and $|U_{\tau 4}{|}^2\gtrsim 2\times 10^{-13}$ for sterile neutrinos mixed with $\mu$ and $\tau$ neutrinos respectively. These constraints improve existing limits by more than an order of magnitude. We briefly discuss the application of these results to a host of exotic positron sources such as dark photons, axion-like particles, primordial black holes (PBHs) and sub-GeV dark matter (DM).

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·23 citations
9. 09*

   Determination of CP-violating $HZZ$ interaction with polarised beams at the ILC

   Cheng Li🇨🇳 · Gudrid Moortgat-Pick🇩🇪

   We study possible CP-violation effects of the 125 GeV Higgs to $Z$ boson coupling at the 250 GeV ILC with transverse and longitudinal beam polarisation via the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to HZ\to H{\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}$. We explore the azimuthal angular distribution of the muon pair from the $Z$ boson decay, and constructe CP-odd observables sensitive to CP-violation effects, where we derived this observable both by analytical calculations and by $\mathtt{Whizard}$ simulations. Particularly, we can construct two CP-odd observables with the help of transversely-polarised initial beams and improve the statistical significance of CP-violation effects by combining two measurements. We defined the asymmetries between the signal regions with different signs of the CP-odd observables, and determine the CP-violation effect by comparing with the SM 95% C.L. upper bound. In this paper, we setup a scenario which assumes that the total cross-section is always fixed while CP-violation is varying, and such a scenario helps us to determine the intrinsic CP-mixing angle limit around $|{\xi }_{CP}|\sim 0.03$ with (90%, 40%) polarised electron-positron beams and 5 ab${}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity. In addition, we determine the CP-odd coupling limit $|{\tilde{c}}_{HZZ}|\sim 0.01$ as well, where we suppose that the SM tree-level cross-section is fixed and the CP-violation is the varying additional contribution. Comparing with the analysis with unpolarised beams, the sensitivity to the CP-violation effect can be improved by transverse or longitudinal polarisation.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·5 citations
10. 10*

    A randomly generated Majorana neutrino mass matrix using Adaptive Monte Carlo method

    Y Monitar Singh🇮🇳 · Mayengbam Kishan Singh🇮🇳 · N Nimai Singh🇮🇳

    A randomly generated complex symmetric matrix using Adaptive Monte Carlo method, is taken as a general form of Majorana neutrino mass matrix, which is diagonalized by the use of eigenvectors. We extract all the neutrino oscillation parameters i.e. two mass-squared differences ($\Delta m_{21}^2$ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$ ), three mixing angles (${\theta }_{12}$, ${\theta }_{13}$, ${\theta }_{23}$) and three phases i.e. one Dirac CP violating phase (${\delta }_{CP}$) and two Majorana phases ($\alpha$ and $\beta$). The charge-parity (CP) violating phases are extracted from the mixing matrix constructed with the eigenvectors of the Hermitian matrix formed by the complex symmetric matrix. All the neutrino oscillation parameters within 3$\sigma$ bound are allowed in both normal hierarchy (NH) and inverted hierarchy (IH) consistent with the latest Planck cosmological upper bound, $\sum |m_i|<0.12$ eV. This latest cosmological upper bound is allowed only in three cases of zero texture for $m_{11}=0$; $m_{11},m_{12}=0$ and $m_{11},m_{13}=0$ in normal hierarchy whereas none of zero texture is allowed in inverted hierarchy. We also study effective neutrino masses $m_{\beta }$ in tritium beta decay and $m_{\beta \beta }$ in neutrinoless double beta decay.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2024)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Dispersive approaches for the HVP and HLbL contributions to $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$

    Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭

    Calculations based on the analytic properties of the required matrix elements allow for a wide range of applications constraining the hadronic contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_{\mu }=(g-2{)}_{\mu }/2$, both hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) and hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering. Here, we discuss such recent applications, including analyticity constraints on hadronic cross sections, radiative corrections, and isospin-breaking effects.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-th0 citations
12. 12*

    Tau polarization in neutrino-nucleus interactions at the LHC energy range

    Reinaldo Francener🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇨🇳 · Diego R. Gratieri🇧🇷

    Considering that the study of neutrino-nucleus interactions with incident neutrino energy ranges in the GeV-TeV range is feasible at the Large Hadron Collider, we investigate in this paper the degree of polarization $\mathcal{P}$ of the (anti) tau lepton produced in (anti) tau neutrino - tungsten interactions. We estimate the differential cross-sections and the longitudinal and transverse components of the tau lepton polarization as a function of the tau lepton energy and distinct values of the scattering angle, assuming different values for the energy of the incoming (anti) tau neutrino. Different models for the treatment of the nuclear effects in the parton distribution functions are assumed as input in the calculations. Our results indicate that $\mathcal{P}<1$ for the neutrino energies reached at the LHC and are almost insensitive to the nuclear effects.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Status of Dark Photons

    James M. Cline🇨🇦

    I review recent developments in the field of dark photons-here taken to be U(1) gauge bosons with mass less than the Z-including both kinetically mixed vectors and those that couple to anomaly-free U(1)'s. Distinctions between Higgs and Stueckelberg masses are highlighted, with discussion of swampland constraints, UV completions, and new experimental search strategies.

    hep-phastro-ph.CO14 citations
14. 14*

    Heavy quark mass near the phase transition

    Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Qi Zhou🇨🇳

    Assuming that the number densities of heavy flavor in hadron gas and in QGP are same at $T_c$, we obtain the effective mass of heavy quark at $T_c$ from the comparison with the hadron resonance gas model which well describes particle yield in heavy-ion collisions. We find that charm quark mass at vanishing baryon chemical potential is around 1.8 GeV which is much heavier than QCD bare mass and close to $D$ meson mass. The mass slightly increases with increasing baryon chemical potential and then decreases. On the other hand, anticharm quark mass constantly decreases with increasing baryon chemical potential. Bottom quark mass has a similar pattern. Extending the hadron resonance gas model to a bit higher temperature beyond $T_c$, the effective masses of charm and bottom quarks decrease with increasing temperature.

    hep-phnucl-thPhys.Scripta(2024)·6 citations
15. 15*

    Open charm tetraquarks in broken SU(3)_F symmetry

    L. Maiani🇮🇹 · A.D. Polosa🇮🇹 · V. Riquer🇮🇹

    Prompted by a recent lattice QCD calculation, we review the SU(3) light quark flavor structure of charmed tetraquarks with spin-0 diquarks. Fermi statistics forces the three light quarks to be in the representation 3*x3*= 3+6*. This agrees with the weak repulsion in the 15 of the 3x8 in Dbar K scattering studied on the lattice. We analyze the 3+6* multiplet broken by the strange quark mass and determine the five independent masses from the known masses of diquarks. The mass of D^* _{s0}(2317) is predicted within 50 MeV accuracy. The recently observed D_s^{--}(2900) and D_s^{0}(2900), likely part of a I=1 multiplet, with flavor composition c* q* q' s and X_0(2900), an isosinglet with flavor composition c*s* ud, fit naturally in a 3+6* structure as the first radial excitations. We discuss also the decay modes of D^* _{s0}(2317), of the radial excitations and of the predicted particles.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·17 citations
16. 16*

    Degeneracy Enhancement of Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation in Neutron Star

    Xuan-Ye Fu🇨🇳 · Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Zi-Yang Guo🇨🇳 · Qi-Heng Wang🇨🇳

    We explore the fermion oscillation in a degenerate environment. The direct consequence is introducing a Pauli blocking factor $1-f_i$, where $f_i$ is the phase space distribution function, for each intermediate mass eigenstate during propagation. It is then much easier for a state with larger existing fraction or density to oscillate into other states with less degeneracy while the reversed process is not enhanced. This can significantly modify the oscillation behaviors. We apply this degenerate fermion oscillation to a concrete scenario of neutron-antineutron oscillation in neutron star. It turns out antineutrons receive a standing fraction to annihilate with the environmental neutrons. The subsequent neutron star heating can put an extremely stringent bound on the baryon number violating cross mass term between neutron and antineutron.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE1 citation
17. 17*

    Efficient computation of Fourier-Bessel transforms for transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions and other functions

    Markus Diehl🇩🇪 · Oskar Grocholski🇩🇪

    We present a method for the numerical computation of Fourier-Bessel transforms on a finite or infinite interval. The function to be transformed needs to be evaluated on a grid of points that is independent of the argument of the Bessel function. We demonstrate the accuracy of the algorithm for a wide range of functions, including those that appear in the context of transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions in Quantum Chromodynamics.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·3 citations
18. 18*

    On the positivity of MSbar distributions

    Felix Hekhorn🇫🇮

    We discuss the positivity of parton distribution functions using the common $\overline{MS}$ factorization scheme. We find that in the perturbative regime $\overline{MS}$ PDFs inherit the strict positivity of physical PDFs. We explicitly discuss the scheme transformation by using suitable physical observables and find that $\overline{MS}$ PDFs are positive above the scale $Q^2$ > 5 GeV^2. Finally, we comment on the direct counterpart of longitudinally polarized PDFs, finding agreement with the unpolarized counterpart.

    hep-ph2 citations
19. 19*

    Color Chiral Cherenkov radiation and energy loss in quark-gluon plasma

    Jeremy Hansen🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸

    We introduce and investigate the Color Chiral Cherenkov effect which consists in radiation of the circularly polarized gluons by a fast color charge moving with constant velocity in the presence of the Chiral Magnetic current. We derive the transition rates for all gluon polarizations. We compute the contribution of the Color Chiral Cherenkov effect to the parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
20. 20*

    Revisiting Reactor Anti-Neutrino 5 MeV Bump with ${}^{13}$C Neutral-Current Interaction

    Pouya Bakhti🇰🇷 · Min-Gwa Park🇰🇷 · Meshkat Rajaee🇰🇷 · Chang Sub Shin🇰🇷 · Seodong Shin🇰🇷

    For the first time, we comprehensively examine the potential of a neutral-current interaction of reactor neutrino with ${}^{13}$C emitting a 3.685 MeV photon to identify the origin of the 5 MeV bump in reactor antineutrino spectra observed through the inverse beta decay (IBD) process. This anomaly may be due to new physics, reactor antineutrino flux inaccuracies, or IBD systematics. The 3.685 MeV photon released during the de-excitation of ${}^{13}$C${}^{\ast }$ to its ground state is observable in liquid scintillator detectors. Remarkably, we confirm the powerfulness of our proposal by completely ruling out a new physics scenario explaining the bump from the existing NEOS data. We also explore the potential of current and forthcoming experiments, including solar neutrino studies at JUNO, pion and muon decay-at-rest experiments at OscSNS, and isotope decay-at-rest studies at Yemilab, to measure the cross-section precisely enough to distinguish the expected bump and the theoretical flux models via our channel. Additionally, we propose a novel method to track the time evolution of reactor isotopes by analyzing the ${}^{13}$C signal, which yields critical insights into the contributions of ${}^{235}$U and ${}^{239}$Pu to the bump, acting as a robust tool.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·4 citations
21. 21*

    Lepton-Pair Scattering With an Off-Shell and an On-Shell Photon at Two Loops in Massless QED

    Simone Zoia🇨🇭

    I present the computation of the two-loop amplitudes for the scattering of a lepton pair with an off-shell and an on-shell photon in massless QED. We apply modern techniques developed to tackle QCD amplitudes with many scales: we express the Feynman integrals in terms of a basis of special functions, and reconstruct the amplitudes from numerical finite-field evaluations. Our results complete the amplitude-level ingredients for the N3LO predictions of electron-muon scattering needed to meet the precision target of the future MUonE experiment.

    hep-phhep-th0 citations
22. 22*

    Effective Field Theory Framework: Construction Strategies and Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET)

    Waqas Riaz🇵🇰

    Effective Field Theory (EFT) stands as a cornerstone in modern theoretical physics, offering a powerful framework for describing the dynamics of physical systems across a wide range of energy scales. This article provides an in-depth exploration of EFT and its diverse applications in various branches of physics. Beginning with a foundational overview of EFT principles, including its formulation, renormalization, and power counting rules, we delve into its versatility in addressing complex phenomena beyond the reach of traditional approaches. In particle physics, EFT techniques are indispensable for precision calculations and theoretical predictions, enabling the systematic treatment of quantum field theories at energies inaccessible to direct experimentation. Moreover, EFT plays a crucial role in understanding the low-energy dynamics of hadrons, nuclei, and other strongly interacting systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to EFT and as an example of constructing EFT from a fundamental theory like QCD we explore how to construct a soft collinear effective theory SCET.

    hep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Direct bounds on Left-Right gauge boson masses

    Sergio Ferrando Solera🇪🇸 · Antonio Pich🇪🇸 · Luiz Vale Silva🇪🇸

    While the third run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is ongoing, the underlying theory that extends the Standard Model remains so far unknown. Left-Right Models (LRMs) introduce a new gauge sector, and can restore parity symmetry at high enough energies. If LRMs are indeed realized in nature, the mediators of the new weak force can be searched for in colliders via their direct production. We recast existing experimental limits from the LHC Run 2 and derive generic bounds on the masses of the heavy LRM gauge bosons. As a novelty, we discuss the dependence of the $W_R$ and $Z_R$ total decay width on the LRM scalar content, obtaining model-independent bounds within the specific realizations of the LRM scalar sectors analysed here. These bounds avoid the need to detail the spectrum of the scalar sector, and apply in the general case where no discrete symmetry is enforced. Moreover, we emphasize the impact on the $W_R$ production at LHC of general textures of the right-handed quark mixing matrix without manifest left-right symmetry. We find that the $W_R$ and $Z_R$ masses are constrained to lie above $2$ TeV and $4$ TeV, respectively.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
24. 24*

    Chiral properties of the nucleon interpolating current and $\theta$-dependent observables

    Yohei Ema🇺🇸 · Ting Gao🇺🇸 · Maxim Pospelov🇺🇸 · Adam Ritz🇨🇦

    We revisit the chiral properties of nucleon interpolating currents, and show that of the two leading order currents $j_1$ and $j_2$, only two linear combinations $j_1\pm j_2$ transform covariantly under the anomalous $U(1{)}_A$ symmetry. As a result, calculations of quantities which vanish by symmetry in the chiral limit may produce unphysical results if carried out with different linear combinations of the currents. This includes observables such as electric dipole moments, induced by the QCD parameter $\theta$, and the $\theta$-dependence of the nucleon mass. For completeness, we also exhibit the leading order results for nucleon electric dipole moments ($d_{n,p}$) induced by $\theta$, and the nucleon magnetic moments (${\mu }_{n,p}$), when calculated using QCD sum rules for both the covariant choices of the nucleon interpolating current. The results in each channel, conveniently expressed as the ratios, $d_{n,p}/{\mu }_{n,p}$, are numerically consistent, and reflect the required physical dependence on $\theta$.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·8 citations
25. 25*

    Discovering Electroweak Interacting Dark Matter at Muon Colliders using Soft Tracks

    Rodolfo Capdevilla🇺🇸 · Federico Meloni🇩🇪 · Jose Zurita🇪🇸

    Minimal Dark Matter models feature one neutral particle that serves as a thermal relic dark matter candidate, as well as quasi-degenerate charged states with TeV masses. When the charged states are produced at colliders, they can decay into dark matter and a low-momentum (soft) charged particle, which is challenging to reconstruct at hadron colliders. We demonstrate that a 3 TeV Muon Collider is capable of detecting these soft tracks, enabling the discovery of thermal Higgsinos and similar dark matter candidates which constitute highly motivated scenarios for future collider searches.

    hep-phPRL(2025)·33 citations
26. 26*

    Multifield Stochastic Dynamics in GUT Hybrid Inflation and Gravitational Wave Signatures of GUT Higgs Representation

    Yuichiro Tada🇯🇵 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵

    We revisit the hybrid inflation model within the framework of the Grand Unified Theory (GUT), focusing on cases where the waterfall phase transition extends over several e-foldings to dilute monopoles. Considering the stochastic effects of quantum fluctuations, we demonstrate that the waterfall fields (i.e., GUT Higgs) maintain a nonzero vacuum expectation value around the waterfall phase transition. By accurately accounting for the number of degrees of freedom of the GUT Higgs field, we establish that these fluctuations can produce observable gravitational waves without leading to an overproduction of primordial black holes. The amplitude of these gravitational waves is inversely proportional to the degrees of freedom of the waterfall fields, thereby providing a unique method to probe the representation of the GUT Higgs.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPLB(2024)·7 citations
27. 27*

    HepLean: Digitalising high energy physics

    Joseph Tooby-Smith🇺🇸

    We introduce HepLean, an open-source project to digitalise definitions, theorems, proofs, and calculations in high energy physics using the interactive theorem prover Lean 4. HepLean has the potential to benefit the high energy physics community in four ways: making it easier to find existing results, allowing the creation of new results using artificial intelligence and automated methods, allowing easy review of papers for mathematical correctness, and providing new ways to teach high energy physics. We will discuss these in detail. We will also demonstrate the digitalisation of three areas of high energy physics in HepLean: Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices in flavour physics, local anomaly cancellation, and Higgs physics.

    hep-phcs.LOhep-thComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·11 citations
28. 28*

    Numerical Analysis of Resonant Axion-Photon Mixing: Part I

    Estanis Utrilla Ginés🇪🇸 · Dion Noordhuis🇳🇱 · Christoph Weniger🇳🇱 · Samuel J. Witte🇬🇧

    Many present-day axion searches attempt to probe the mixing of axions and photons, which occurs in the presence of an external magnetic field. While this process is well-understood in a number of simple and idealized contexts, a strongly varying or highly inhomogeneous background can impact the efficiency and evolution of the mixing in a non-trivial manner. In an effort to develop a generalized framework for analyzing axion-photon mixing in arbitrary systems, we focus in this work on directly solving the axion-modified form of Maxwell's equations across a simulation domain with a spatially varying background. We concentrate specifically on understanding resonantly enhanced axion-photon mixing in a highly magnetized plasma, which is a key ingredient for developing precision predictions of radio signals emanating from the magnetospheres of neutron stars. After illustrating the success and accuracy of our approach for simplified limiting cases, we compare our results with a number of analytic solutions recently derived to describe mixing in these systems. We find that our numerical method demonstrates a high level of agreement with one, but only one, of the published results. Interestingly, our method also recovers the mixing between the axion and magnetosonic-t and Alfvén modes; these modes cannot escape from the regions of dense plasma, but could non-trivially alter the dynamics in certain environments. Future work will focus on extending our calculations to study resonant mixing in strongly variable backgrounds, mixing in generalized media (beyond the strong magnetic field limit), and the mixing of photons with other light bosonic fields, such as dark photons.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·22 citations
29. 29*

    A Dark Matter Fermionic Quantum Fluid from Standard Model Dynamics

    Stephon Alexander🇺🇸 · Heliudson Bernardo🇺🇸 · Humberto Gilmer🇺🇸

    We present a model of dark matter as a superconducting fluid of Cooper pairs of right handed neutrinos or of vector-like quarks. The superconducting dark matter is induced by attractive channels in the Standard Model Higgs and color sectors of the Standard Model, respectively. We show that, for each case, the solution to the gap equation provides viable dark matter candidates for suitable chemical potential values. The mechanism yields an ultra-light neutrino condensate with a mass of $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\sim 10^{-19}\text{eV}$ or a vector-like quark condensate with wide range of possible masses. Both cosmological and particle physics constraints on the model lead to a connection between the number of effective relativistic species $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and the chemical potential and CMB temperature at the time of fermion creation. We also find a relation between the superconducting fermion and baryon densities, with implications for the coincidence between the dark matter and baryon densities in standard cosmology. Given the natural $\text{eV}$ scale of neutrinos, this mechanism may have implications for the Hubble tension.

    hep-phastro-ph.COcond-mat.supr-congr-qc6 citations
30. 30*

    Probing Heavy Neutrino Magnetic Moments at the LHC using Long-Lived Particle Searches

    Rebeca Beltrán🇪🇸 · Patrick D. Bolton🇸🇮 · Frank F. Deppisch🇬🇧 · Chandan Hati🇪🇸 · Martin Hirsch🇪🇸

    We explore long-lived particle (LLP) searches using non-pointing photons at the LHC as a probe for sterile-to-sterile and active-to-sterile transition magnetic dipole moments of sterile neutrinos. We consider heavy sterile neutrinos with masses ranging from a few~GeV to several hundreds of GeV. We discuss transition magnetic dipole moments using the Standard Model effective field theory and low-energy effective field theory extended by sterile neutrinos ($N_R$SMEFT and $N_R$LEFT) and also provide a simplified UV-complete model example. LLP searches at the LHC using non-pointing photons will probe sterile-to-sterile dipole moments two orders of magnitude below the current best constraints from LEP, while an unprecedented sensitivity to sterile neutrino mass of about 700 GeV is expected for active-to-sterile dipole moments. For the UV model example with one-loop transition magnetic moments, the searches for charged lepton flavour violating processes in synergy with LLP searches at the LHC can probe new physics at several TeV mass scales and provide valuable insights into the lepton flavour structure of new physics couplings.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·20 citations
31. 31*

    Direct CKM determination from W decays at future lepton colliders

    David Marzocca🇮🇹 · Manuel Szewc🇺🇸 · Michele Tammaro🇮🇹

    We project the reach of future lepton colliders for measuring CKM elements from direct observations of $W$ decays. We focus our attention to $|V_{cs}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$ determinations, using FCC-ee as case study. We employ state-of-the-art jet flavor taggers to obtain the projected sensitivity, and scan over tagger performances to show their effect. We conclude that future lepton collider can sizeably improve the sensitivity on $|V_{cs}|$ and $|V_{cb}|$, albeit the achievable reach will strongly depend on the level of systematic uncertainties on tagger parameters.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·16 citations
32. 32*

    Radiative Corrections to Light Thermal Pseudo-Dirac Dark Matter

    Gopolang Mohlabeng🇺🇸 · Adreja Mondol🇺🇸 · Tim M. P. Tait🇺🇸

    Light thermal dark matter has emerged as an attractive theoretical possibility and a promising target for discovery at experiments in the near future. Such scenarios generically invoke mediators with very small couplings to the Standard Model, but moderately strong couplings within the dark sector, calling into question theoretical estimates based on the lowest order of perturbation theory. As an example, we focus on a scenario in which (pseudo)-Dirac fermion dark matter is connected to the standard model via a dark photon charged under a new $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ extension of the standard model, and we investigate the impact of the next-to-leading order corrections to annihilation and scattering. We find that radiative corrections can significantly impact model predictions for the relic density and scattering cross-section, depending on the strength of the dark sector coupling and ratio of the dark matter to mediator mass. We also show why factorization into the yield parameter $Y$ typically presented in literature leads to imprecision. Our results are necessary to accurately map experimental searches into the model parameter space and assess their ability to reach thermal production targets.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·10 citations
33. 33*

    Coupling renormalization flow in the strongly interacting regime of an asymptotically free quantum field theory in four dimensions

    Jürgen Berges🇩🇪 · Razvan Gurau🇩🇪 · Hannes Keppler🇩🇪 · Thimo Preis🇩🇪

    We consider a scalar quantum field theory with global $O(N{)}^3$ symmetry in four Euclidean dimensions and solve it numerically in closed form in the large-N limit. For imaginary tetrahedral coupling the theory is asymptotically free, with stable and real quantum effective action. We demonstrate the dynamical build-up of a strong interaction as the correlation length increases in a regime where the coupling renormalization flow remains well defined in the infrared. This is in contrast to perturbative results of asymptotically free theories, which predict that the coupling becomes ill-defined in the infrared, like in quantum chromodynamics. These properties make the model an important laboratory for the study of strong-coupling phenomena in quantum field theory from first principles.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
34. 34*

    Deep TOV to characterize Neutron Stars

    Praveer Tiwari🇮🇳 · Archana Pai🇮🇳

    Astrophysical observations, theoretical models, and terrestrial experiments probe different regions of neutron star (NS) interior. Therefore, it is essential to consistently combine the information from these sources. This analysis requires multiple evaluations of Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff equations which can become computationally expensive with a large number of observations. Further, multi-messenger astronomy requires rapid NS characterization via gravitational waves for efficient electromagnetic follow-up. In this work, we develop a novel neural network-based map from the EoS curve to the mass and radius of cold non-rotating NS. We estimate a speed-up of an order of magnitude when compared with the state-of-the-art RePrimAnd solver and an average error of 1e-3 when calculating the mass and radius of the neutron star. Additionally, we also develop neural network solvers for obtaining EoS curves from a physics conforming EoS model, FRZ${\chi }_{1.5}$. We utilize this efficient continuous map to measure the sensitivity of model parameters of FRZ${\chi }_{1.5}$ towards mass and radius. We show that 8 out of 18 parameters of this model are sensitive by at least three orders of magnitude higher than the remaining 10 parameters. This information will be useful in further speeding up, as well as probing the crucial parameter space, in the parameter estimation from astrophysical observations using this physics-conforming EoS model.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phnucl-th8 citations
35. 35*

    |Vcs| determination and LFU test in charm decays at BESIII

    P.L.Liu (on behalf of the BESIII collaboration)🇨🇳

    In this talk, we present the recent results of charm physics from the BESIII experiment. It covers the studies of the pure leptonic and semi-leptonic decays of charmed hadrons, from which the |Vcs| are precisely determined and the LFU is tested.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph2 citations
36. 36*

    Quark and gluon momentum fractions in the pion and in the kaon

    Constantia Alexandrou🇨🇾 · Simone Bacchio🇨🇾 · Martha Constantinou🇺🇸 · Joseph Delmar🇺🇸 · Jacob Finkenrath🇩🇪 · Bartosz Kostrzewa🇩🇪 · Marcus Petschlies🇩🇪 · Luis Alberto Rodriguez Chacon🇨🇾 · Gregoris Spanoudes🇨🇾 · Fernanda Steffens🇩🇪 · Carsten Urbach🇩🇪 · Urs wenger🇨🇭

    We present the full decomposition of the momentum fraction carried by quarks and gluons in the pion and the kaon. We employ three gauge ensembles generated with $N_f=2+1+1$ Wilson twisted-mass clover-improved fermions at the physical quark masses. For both mesons we perform a continuum extrapolation directly at the physical pion mass, which allows us to determine for the first time the momentum decomposition at the physical point. We find that the total momentum fraction carried by quarks is 0.532(56) and 0.618(32) and by gluons 0.388(49) and 0.408(61) in the pion and in the kaon, respectively, in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme and at the renormalization scale of 2 GeV. Having computed both the quark and gluon contributions in the continuum limit, we find that the momentum sum is 0.926(68) for the pion and 1.046(90) for the kaon, verifying the momentum sum rule.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRL(2025)·32 citations
37. 37*

    On Holographic Vacuum Misalignment

    Daniel Elander🇵🇹 · Ali Fatemiabhari🇬🇧 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧

    We develop a bottom-up holographic model that provides the dual description of a strongly coupled field theory, in which the spontaneous breaking of an approximate global symmetry yields the SO(5)/SO(4) coset relevant to minimal composite-Higgs models. The gravity background is completely regular and smooth, and has an end of space that mimics confinement on the field theory side. We add to the gravity description a set of localised boundary terms, that introduce additional symmetry-breaking effects, capturing those that would result from coupling the dual strongly coupled field theory to an external, weakly coupled sector. Such terms encapsulate the gauging of a subgroup of the global $SO(5)$ symmetry of the dual field theory, as well as additional explicit symmetry-breaking effects. We show how to combine spurions and gauge fixing and how to take the appropriate limits, so as to respect gauge principles and avoid violations of unitarity. The interplay of bulk and boundary-localised couplings leads to the breaking of the SO(5) symmetry to either its SO(4) or SO(3) subgroup, via vacuum misalignment. In field theory terms, the model describes the spontaneous breaking of a SO(4) gauge symmetry to its SO(3) subgroup. We expose the implications of the higgsing phenomenon by computing the spectrum of fluctuations of the model, which we interpret in four-dimensional field-theory terms, for a few interesting choices of parameters. We conclude by commenting on the additional steps needed to build a realistic composite Higgs model.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·9 citations
38. 38*

    Longitudinal structure of the quark-gluon plasma from differently shaped nuclei

    Jiangyong Jia🇺🇸 · Chunjian Zhang🇨🇳 · Shengli Huang🇺🇸

    Ultrarelativistic collisions of atomic nuclei produce the quark--gluon plasma (QGP), an extremely hot, dense state of matter. The QGP behaves like a nearly perfect fluid, so its final-state momentum distributions can be inverted to reveal its initial-state geometry. This programme has succeeded in the transverse plane but made less progress along the beam, where short-range nonflow correlations mask the longitudinal signal. Anisotropic flow has been successfully used to image the shapes of the colliding nuclei; here we use nuclear shape to image the QGP's 3D geometry---the same idea in reverse. We show in simulations that the nonflow can be removed by comparing collisions of nuclei with similar masses but different shapes. We find that nuclear deformation changes the magnitude of the elliptic flow but not its longitudinal profile, so the shape difference recovers the full longitudinal structure. The predicted two-particle decorrelation map reveals both a highly non-linear rapidity dependence inaccessible to conventional observables, and an unquantified bias in standard flow measurements themselves. Our strategy extends to the longitudinal dependence of the QGP's triangularity and size. Nuclear shape thus becomes a tool for 3D imaging of the QGP and the quantum fluctuations of the nuclear wavefunctions that seed it.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex12 citations
39. 39*

    Search for Vector-like Quark, Heavy Neutral Lepton and Long-lived Particles at ATLAS and CMS

    Sergio Grancagnolo (on behalf of ATLAS and CMS Collaborations)🇮🇹

    Several theories beyond the Standard Model (BSM) predict heavy neutral leptons, or long-lived particles with unique signatures which are difficult to reconstruct. Another area of interest are vector-like quarks which lie at the heart of many extensions to the Standard Model seeking to address the Hierarchy Problem, as they can naturally cancel the mass divergence for the Higgs boson. New results for these BSM searches from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC are presented.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph2 citations
40. 40*

    Unearthing the intersections: positivity bounds, weak gravity conjecture, and asymptotic safety landscapes from photon-graviton flows

    Benjamin Knorr🇩🇪 · Alessia Platania🇩🇰

    We compute the asymptotic safety landscape stemming from ultraviolet-complete photon-graviton flows in a field theoretic setup, and we confront it with the weak gravity conjecture and, for the first time, with positivity bounds. At fourth order in derivatives, we find two gravitational fixed points providing viable ultraviolet completions for the theory. One of them comes with a single relevant direction, which sets the scale of quantum gravity. The corresponding sub-landscape is a single point. The second fixed point yields a richer sub-landscape of effective theories, most of which is described by an approximately straight line in the space of dimensionless Wilson coefficients. We additionally discover that: (i) the two sub-landscapes are continuously connected via a small "candy cane" regime, and the whole asymptotic safety landscape falls onto a plane; this is consistent with earlier findings and could be a universal feature in Asymptotic Safety; (ii) in such a field-theoretic setup, the Euler coupling plays a special role, as it is unconstrained by quantum scale invariance, but can enter off-shell bounds such as entropy-based positivity constraints; (iii) Planck-scale-suppressed violations of both weak gravity and positivity bounds occur across the landscape. The latter result resonates with expectations grounded on effective field theory arguments.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·34 citations
41. 41*

    Application of positivity bounds in asymptotically safe gravity

    Astrid Eichhorn🇩🇰 · Andreas Odgaard Pedersen🇩🇰 · Marc Schiffer🇨🇦

    Positivity bounds are bounds on the Wilson coefficients of an effective field theory. They hold, if the ultraviolet completion satisfies unitarity, microcausality, locality and Lorentz symmetry; accordingly their violation signals a violation of at least one of these properties of the ultraviolet completion. We explore whether positivity bounds on four-photon-couplings hold, when the ultraviolet completion is an asymptotically safe gravity-photon theory. By working at sixth order in an expansion in the electromagnetic field strength, we discover indications that positivity bounds hold for effective field theories that are UV completed by the asymptotically safe Reuter fixed point. We also perform various tests of the robustness of our result. This amounts to a nontrivial and critical indication of the physical viability of asymptotically safe gravity.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phEPJC(2025)·22 citations
42. 42*

    The DNA of Calabi-Yau Hypersurfaces

    Nate MacFadden🇺🇸 · Andreas Schachner🇩🇪 · Elijah Sheridan🇺🇸

    We implement Genetic Algorithms for triangulations of four-dimensional reflexive polytopes which induce Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces via Batyrev's construction. We demonstrate that such algorithms efficiently optimize physical observables such as axion decay constants or axion-photon couplings in string theory compactifications. For our implementation, we choose a parameterization of triangulations that yields homotopy inequivalent Calabi-Yau threefolds by extending fine, regular triangulations of two-faces, thereby eliminating exponentially large redundancy factors in the map from polytope triangulations to Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. In particular, we discuss how this encoding renders the entire Kreuzer-Skarke list amenable to a variety of optimization strategies, including but not limited to Genetic Algorithms. To achieve optimal performance, we tune the hyperparameters of our Genetic Algorithm using Bayesian optimization. We find that our implementation vastly outperforms other sampling and optimization strategies like Markov Chain Monte Carlo or Simulated Annealing. Finally, we showcase that our Genetic Algorithm efficiently performs optimization even for the maximal polytope with Hodge numbers $h^{1,1}=491$, where we use it to maximize axion-photon couplings. Our methods for sampling and optimization are implemented in a Python package cyopt.

    ↳ hep-thcs.NEhep-phFortsch.Phys.(2026)·16 citations
43. 43*

    A power spectrum approach to the search for Axion-like Particles from resolved galaxy clusters using CMB as a backlight

    Harsh Mehta🇮🇳 · Suvodip Mukherjee🇮🇳

    Axions or ALPs are hypothetical particles predicted by BSM theories, which make one of the dark matter candidates. These particles can convert into photons and vice-versa in the presence of magnetic field, with a probability decided by its coupling strength ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }$. One of the ways to detect these particles is using the CMB as a backlight. As the CMB photons pass through a galaxy cluster, they can get converted into ALPs in the mass range $10^{-15}$ eV to $10^{-11}$ eV through resonant conversion in the presence of cluster magnetic fields. This leads to a polarized spectral distortion ($\alpha$-distortion) in the CMB as the photon polarization parallel to the magnetic field in the galaxy cluster is involved in the conversion. The fluctuations in the magnetic field and electron density in a galaxy cluster lead to spatially varying $\alpha$-distortion around the cluster, with a power spectrum that is different from the lensed CMB polarization power spectrum for the standard model of cosmology. By measuring the difference in the polarization power spectrum around a galaxy cluster from the all-sky signal, one can find new $\alpha$-distortion in the sky. For galaxy clusters resolvable in multiple EM bands, one can measure the coupling strength ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }$ from the ALP power spectrum. Using multi-frequency techniques like ILC to clean the foregrounds, we show that the new power spectrum-based approach of the resolved galaxy clusters from upcoming CMB experiments such as Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 can detect (or put constraints) on the ALP-photon coupling strength of ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }<5.2\times 10^{-12}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$ and ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }<3.6\times 10^{-12}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$ at 95\% C.I. respectively for ALPs of masses $10^{-13}$ eV or for smaller ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }$ for lighter ALP masses (Abridged).

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·10 citations
44. 44*

    A Diffused Background from Axion-like Particles in the Microwave Sky

    Harsh Mehta🇮🇳 · Suvodip Mukherjee🇮🇳

    The nature of dark matter is an unsolved cosmological problem and axions are one of the weakly interacting cold dark matter candidates. Axions or ALPs (Axion-like particles) are pseudo-scalar bosons predicted by beyond-standard model theories. The weak coupling of ALPs with photons leads to the conversion of CMB photons to ALPs in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. If they have the same mass as the effective mass of a photon in a plasma, the resonant conversion would cause a polarized spectral distortion leading to temperature fluctuations with the distortion spectrum. The probability of resonant conversion depends on the properties of the cluster such as the magnetic field, electron density, and its redshift. We show that this kind of conversion can happen in numerous unresolved galaxy clusters up to high redshifts, which will lead to a diffused polarised anisotropy signal in the microwave sky. The spectrum of the signal and its shape in the angular scale will be different from the lensed CMB polarization signal. This new polarised distortion spectrum will be correlated with the distribution of clusters in the universe and hence, with the large-scale structure. The spectrum can then be probed using its spectral and spatial variation with respect to the CMB and various foregrounds. An SNR of $\sim$ 4.36 and $\sim$ 93.87 are possible in the CMB-S4 145 GHz band and CMB-HD 150 GHz band respectively for a photon-ALPs coupling strength of ${\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{a}\gamma }=10^{-12}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$ using galaxy clusters beyond redshift z $=1$. The same signal would lead to additional RMS fluctuations of $\sim 7.5\times 10^{-2}\mu \mathrm{K}$ at 145 GHz. In the absence of any signal, future CMB experiments such as Simons Observatory (SO), CMB-S4, and CMB-HD can put constraints on coupling strength better than current bounds from particle physics experiment CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST).

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·8 citations
45. 45*

    Dark Matter Halo Parameters from Overheated Exoplanets via Bayesian Hierarchical Inference

    María Benito🇪🇪 · Konstantin Karchev🇮🇹 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Sven Põder🇪🇪 · Juri Smirnov🇬🇧 · Roberto Trotta🇮🇹

    Dark Matter (DM) can become captured, deposit annihilation energy, and hence increase the heat flow in exoplanets and brown dwarfs. Detecting such a DM-induced heating in a population of exoplanets in the inner kpc of the Milky Way thus provides potential sensitivity to the galactic DM halo parameters. We develop a Bayesian Hierarchical Model to investigate the feasibility of DM discovery with exoplanets and examine future prospects to recover the spatial distribution of DM in the Milky Way. We reconstruct from mock exoplanet datasets observable parameters such as exoplanet age, temperature, mass, and location, together with DM halo parameters, for representative choices of measurement uncertainty and the number of exoplanets detected. We find that detection of $\mathcal{O}(100)$ exoplanets in the inner Galaxy can yield quantitative information on the galactic DM density profile, under the assumption of 10% measurement uncertainty. Even as few as $\mathcal{O}(10)$ exoplanets can deliver meaningful sensitivities if the DM density and inner slope are sufficiently large.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPhep-phJCAP(2024)·12 citations
46. 46*

    Short-range tests of the equivalence principle

    G.L. Smith🇺🇸 · C.D. Hoyle🇺🇸 · J.H. Gundlach🇺🇸 · E.G. Adelberger🇺🇸 · B.R. Heckel🇺🇸 · H.E. Swanson🇺🇸

    We tested the equivalence principle at short length scales by rotating a 3-ton ${}^{238}$U attractor around a compact torsion balance containing Cu and Pb test bodies. The observed differential acceleration of the test bodies toward the attractor, $a_{\text{Cu}}-a_{\text{Pb}}=(1.0\pm 2.8)\times 10^{-13}$ cm/s${}^2$, should be compared to the corresponding gravitational acceleration of $9.2\times 10^{-5}$ cm/s${}^2$. Our results set new constraints on equivalence-principle violating interactions with Yukawa ranges down to 1 cm, and improve by substantial factors existing limits for ranges between 10 km and 1000 km. Our data also set strong constraints on certain power law potentials that can arise from two-boson exchange processes.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPRD(2000)·229 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.