Tue·May 14, 2024Tuesday·May 14, 2024

1. 01*

   Nelson-Barr ultralight dark matter

   Michael Dine🇺🇸 · Gilad Perez🇮🇱 · Wolfram Ratzinger🇮🇱 · Inbar Savoray🇺🇸

   We show that, in the Nelson-Barr solution to the strong CP-problem, a naturally light scalar can arise. It gives rise to a completely new phenomenology beyond that of the celebrated QCD axion, if this field constitutes dark matter, as the CKM elements vary periodically in time. We also discuss how the model can be tested using quantum sensors, in particular using nuclear clocks, which leads to an interesting synergy between different frontiers of physics.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·25 citations
2. 02*

   Hadronic energy-momentum tensor revisited

   Yang Li🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳 · James P. Vary🇺🇸

   Everything gravitates and they do so through the energy-momentum tensor (EMT). However, there is no consensus on how to define the EMT of a hadron, e.g. the proton, the fundamental building blocks of the visible world. In this work, we show that the hadronic EMT can be cast into the form of relativistic continua with spin. The fluid-like form allows a clear identification of the proper hadronic energy density, pressure and shear. A spin tensor contribution is also identified without the reference to the total angular momentum operator, in alignment with the recent development in relativistic spin hydrodynamics. The hadronic EMT is related to the quantum expectation value of the EMT operator through the convolution with the hadronic wavepacket. To factorize out the hadronic EMT, different multipole expansion schemes are explored. We show that the popular Breit-frame densities and light-front densities emerge as the monopole momentum densities from different factorization schemes.

   hep-phnucl-th8 citations
3. 03*

   Energy momentum tensor on and off the light cone: exposition with scalar Yukawa theory

   Xianghui Cao🇨🇳 · Siqi Xu🇨🇳 · Yang Li🇨🇳 · Guangyao Chen · Xingbo Zhao🇨🇳 · Vladimir A. Karmanov🇷🇺 · James P. Vary🇺🇸

   We compute the gravitational form factors $A_i$, $D_i$ and ${\bar{c}}_i$ of the scalar Yukawa theory using both the light-cone and covariant perturbation theory at the one-loop level. The light-cone formalism provides a potential approach to access these form factors beyond the perturbative regime. However, unlike the covariant formulation, the Poincaré symmetry on the light cone is not manifest. In this work, we use perturbation theory as a benchmark to extract the gravitational form factors from the light-front energy-momentum tensor. By comparing results on and off the light cone, we identify $T^{++},T^{+a},T^{+-},T^{12}$ as the "good currents" that are properly renormalized and can be used to extract the gravitational form factors.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2024)·9 citations
4. 04*

   Investigation on the $\Omega (2012)$ from QCD sum rules

   Niu Su🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Atsushi Hosaka🇯🇵

   We study the recently observed $\Omega (2012)$ baryon in QCD sum rules. We construct the $P$-wave $\Omega$ baryon currents with a covariant derivative, and perform spin projection to obtain the currents with total spin 1/2 and 3/2. We then apply the parity-projected QCD sum rules to separate the contributions of the positive and negative parity states. We extract the masses of $J^P=1/2^{-}$ and $3/2^{-}$ states to be $M_{1/2^{-}}=2.07_{-0.07}^{+0.07}\mathrm{GeV}$ and $M_{3/2^{-}}=2.05_{-0.10}^{+0.09}\mathrm{GeV}$. Both results are in good agreement with the experimental result. Therefore, it is likely that the $\Omega (2012)$ is a negative parity state, which is interpreted as a $P$-wave excited state in the quark model. However, its spin is not determined in the present analysis, which can be done by detailed study on its decay properties.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
5. 05*

   Leptoquark-induced CLFV decays with a light SM-singlet scalar

   Bibhabasu De🇮🇳

   The Standard Model (SM), if augmented with a light SM-singlet scalar $\varphi$ and a TeV-scale scalar leptoquark (LQ) $S_1$, 2-body charged lepton flavor violating (CLFV) decay channels can be accessed with $\varphi$ as one of the final states, where the leading order effective interactions between $\varphi$ and the SM fields arise at one-loop level. Further, in the presence of $S_1$, $\varphi$ can mediate 3-body CLFV processes with either two photons or two gluons in the final states. Thus, the model predicts an exotic 3-body CLFV channel: ${\ell }_A\to {\ell }_{B}gg$, which can be tested/constrained only through some future high-energy experiments looking for di-gluon signals from a leptonic decay.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·9 citations
6. 06*

   Release Note -- VBFNLO 3.0

   Julien Baglio · Francisco Campanario🇪🇸 · Tinghua Chen🇺🇸 · Heiko Dietrich-Siebert🇩🇪 · Terrance Figy🇺🇸 · Matthias Kerner🇩🇪 · Michael Kubocz🇩🇪 · Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳 · Maximilian Löschner🇩🇪 · Simon Plätzer🇦🇹 · Michael Rauch🇩🇪 · Ivan Rosario🇪🇸 · Robin Roth🇩🇪 · Dieter Zeppenfeld🇩🇪

   VBFNLO is a flexible parton level Monte Carlo program for the simulation of vector boson fusion (VBF), QCD-induced single and double vector boson production plus two jets, and double and triple vector boson production (plus jet) in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling constant, as well as Higgs boson plus two and three jet production via gluon fusion at the one-loop level. For the new version -- Version 3.0 -- several major enhancements have been included. An interface according to the Binoth Les Houches Accord (BLHA) has been added for all VBF and di/tri-boson processes including fully leptonic decays. For all dimension-8 operators affecting vector boson scattering (VBS) processes, a modified T-matrix unitarization procedure has been implemented. Several new production processes have been added, namely the VBS $Z\gamma jj$ and $\gamma \gamma jj$ processes at NLO, $\gamma \gamma jj$, $WWj$ and $ZZj$ production at NLO including the loop-induced gluon-fusion contributions and the gluon-fusion one-loop induced $\Phi jjj$ ($\Phi$ is a CP-even or CP-odd scalar boson) process at LO, retaining the full top-mass dependence. Finally, the code has been parallelized using OpenMPI.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·20 citations
7. 07*

   Spontaneous Leptogenesis with sub-GeV Axion Like Particles

   Arghyajit Datta🇰🇷 · Soumen Kumar Manna🇮🇳 · Arunansu Sil🇮🇳

   A derivative coupling of an axion like particle (ALP) with a B-L current may lead to the baryon asymmetry of the universe via spontaneous leptogenesis provided a lepton number breaking interaction prevails in thermal equilibrium. Conventionally, such scenario works only for heavy ALPs and high reheating temperature due to the fact that the same lepton number breaking contribution is tied up with neutrino mass generation also. In this work, we propose inert Higgs doublet assisted lepton number violating operator to relieve such tension so as to generate lepton asymmetry (of freeze-in/out type) with a much lower reheating temperature that can accommodate light (sub-GeV) ALPs sensitive to current and future ALP searches.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-thPRD(2024)·18 citations
8. 08*

   Second-Order Dissociation and Transition of Heavy Quarkonia in the Quark-Gluon Plasma

   Shouxing Zhao🇨🇳 · Min He🇨🇳

   We revisit the dissociation of heavy quarkonia by thermal partons at the next-to-leading order (NLO, also known as inelastic parton scattering dissociation) in the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Utilizing the chromo-electric dipole coupling from QCD multipole expansion as an effective Hamiltonian, this has been conducted in the approach of second-order quantum mechanical perturbation theory, which allows us to systematically incorporate the bound state wave functions. Employing the quarkonium wave functions and binding energies obtained from an in-medium potential model, we then numerically evaluate the dissociation cross sections and rates for various charmonia and bottomonia, where the infrared and collinear divergences are regularized by the thermal masses of medium partons. We demonstrate that distinct from the leading order (LO, also known as gluo-dissociation) counterparts peaking at relatively low gluon energy and falling off thereafter, the NLO cross sections first grow and then nearly saturate as the incident parton energy increases, as a result of the outgoing parton carrying away the excess energy. The resulting NLO dissociation rates increase with temperature and take over from the LO counterparts toward high temperatures, similar to pertinent findings from previous studies. We also evaluate the in-medium second-order transition between different bound states, which may contribute to the total thermal decay widths of heavy quarkonia in the QGP.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·9 citations
9. 09*

   Dark Matter Physics in General NMSSM

   Lei Meng🇨🇳 · Junjie Cao🇨🇳 · Fei Li🇨🇳 · Shenshen Yang🇨🇳

   In the General Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (GNMSSM), singlet particles may form a secluded sector of dark matter (DM), in which Singlino-like DM could achieve the observed relic abundance through various channels such as ${\tilde{\chi }}_1^0{\tilde{\chi }}_1^0\to h_s{h}_s,A_s{A}_s,h_s{A}_s$, where $h_s$ and $A_s$ represent singlet-dominated CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons. We provide analytical formulas for both the spin-independent and spin-dependent cross sections of Singlino DM scattering with nucleons, illustrating their dependence on the model's parameters in a clear manner. We also present analytic expressions for the annihilation cross sections of these three important channels. Based on these preparations, we conducted Bayesian analyses of the GNMSSM and concluded that the theory significantly favored Singlino-dominated DM over Bino-like DM across a much broader range of parameters. The combined results from our numerical analyses and the formulas distinctly highlight crucial aspects of DM physics within the GNMSSM.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·11 citations
10. 10*

    Unveiling the Structure of Hidden-Bottom Strange Pentaquarks via Magnetic Moments

    Halil Mutuk🇹🇷 · Xian-Wei Kang🇨🇳

    Motivated by the discovery of hidden-charm strange pentaquarks, we conduct a systematic study of the magnetic moments of the hidden-bottom strange pentaquarks in molecular picture. We calculate magnetic moments of hidden-bottom strange pentaquarks with strangeness-1 and 2. Magnetic moment gives valuable information about the inner structure and shape of the hadron. The obtained results may be helpful to determine the inner structure of these new yet hypothetical states.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PLB(2024)·19 citations
11. 11*

    A Potential Model Study of the Nucleon's Charge and Mass Radius

    Daniel Gallimore🇺🇸 · Jinfeng Liao🇺🇸

    We study the charge and mass distributions within a nucleon and compute the associated squared radii based on a potential model approach. Different constituent quark configurations such as $\Delta$, $Y$, and quark-diquark are considered and compared, with model parameters calibrated by experimental measurements of the proton and neutron charge radius. The results suggest that while the charge radius is dictated by quark dynamics, the mass radius is strongly influenced by nonperturbative QCD contributions to a nucleon's mass that are not sensitive to the constituent quarks. As a result, the mass radius could become substantially different from the charge radius. The obtained nucleon mass distributions of different configurations are further used for simulations of the initial conditions in heavy ion collisions. The computed eccentricities ${\epsilon }_2$ and ${\epsilon }_3$ are found to demonstrate a considerable sensitivity to the input nucleon profiles, especially to the mass radius in the peripheral region as well as for systems with fewer participants.

    hep-phnucl-thNPA(2025)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Searching for $|V_{cd}|$ through the exclusive decay $D_s^{+}\to K^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$ within QCD Sum Rules

    Hai-Jiang Tian🇨🇳 · Yin-Long Yang🇨🇳 · Dan-Dan Hu🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳 · Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳

    In this paper, we carry out an investigation into the semileptonic decays $D_s^{+}\to K^0{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }$ with $\ell =(e,\mu )$ by employing the QCD light-cone sum rules approach. The vector transition form factor (TFF) $f_{+}^{D_s^{+}{K}^0}(q^2)$ for $D_s^{+}\to K^0$ decay is calculated while considering its next-to-leading order contribution. Subsequently, we briefly introduce the twist-2, 3 kaon distribution amplitudes, which are calculated by using QCD sum rules within the framework of the background field theory. At the large recoil point, the TFF has $f_{+}^{D_s^{+}{K}^0}(0)=0.692_{-0.026}^{+0.027}$. Then, we extrapolate $f_{+}^{D_s^{+}{K}^0}(q^2)$ to the whole physical $q^2$-region via the simplified $z(q^2,t)$-series expansion, and the behavior of TFF $f_{+}^{D_s^{+}{K}^0}(q^2)$ is exhibited in the numerical results part, including the theoretical and experimental predictions for comparison. In addition, we compute the differential branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to K^0{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell })$ with the electron and muon channels, which are expected to be $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to K^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e)=3.379_{-0.275}^{+0.301}\times 10^{-3}$ and $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to K^0{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu })=3.351_{-0.273}^{+0.299}\times 10^{-3}$ as well as contained other results for comparison. Our results show good agreement with the BESIII measurements and theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we present our prediction with respect to the CKM matrix element $|V_{cd}|$ by using the $\mathcal{B}(D_s^{+}\to K^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e)$ result from BESIII Collaboration, yielding $|V_{cd}|=0.221_{-0.010}^{+0.008}$. Finally, we provide the ratio between $D_s^{+}\to K^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$ and $D_s^{+}\to \eta e^{+}{\nu }_e$ channels, i.e. ${\mathcal{R}}_{K^0/\eta }^e=0.144_{-0.020}^{+0.028}$.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Minimal Type-I Dirac seesaw and Leptogenesis under $A_4$ modular invariance

    Labh Singh🇮🇳 · Monal Kashav🇮🇳 · Surender Verma🇮🇳

    We present a Dirac mass model based on $A_4$ modular symmetry within Type-I seesaw framework. This extension of Standard Model requires three right-handed neutrinos and three heavy Dirac fermions superfields, all singlet under $SU(2{)}_L$ symmetry. The scalar sector is extended by the inclusion of a $SU(2{)}_L$ singlet superfield, $\chi$. Here, the modular symmetry plays a crucial role as the Yukawa couplings acquire modular forms, which are expressed in terms of Dedekind eta function $\eta (\tau )$. Therefore, the Yukawa couplings follow transformations akin to other matter fields, thereby obviating the necessity of additional flavon fields. The acquisition of $vev$ by complex modulus $\tau$ leads to the breaking of $A_4$ modular symmetry. We have obtained predictions on neutrino oscillation parameters, for example, the normal hierarchy for the neutrino mass spectrum. Furthermore, we find that heavy Dirac fermions, in our model, can decay to produce observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through Dirac leptogenesis.

    hep-phNPB(2024)·27 citations
14. 14*

    Kaon superfluidity in the early universe

    Gaoqing Cao🇨🇳

    Previously, it was found that pion superfluidity could be realized in the QCD epoch of the early universe, when lepton flavor asymmetry $|l_{\mathrm{e}}+l_{\mu }|$ is large enough to generate a charge chemical potential $|{\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}|$ larger than vacuum pion mass. By following the same logic, kaon superfluidity might also be possible when $|l_{\mathrm{e}}+l_{\mu }|$ is so large that $|{\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}|$ becomes larger than vacuum kaon mass. Such a possibility is checked by adopting Ginzburg-Landau approximation within the three-flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. Consider the case with full chemical balance, though kaon superfluidity could be stable compared to the chiral phases with only $\sigma$ condensations, it would get killed by the more favored homogeneous pion superfluidity. If we introduce mismatch between $s$ and $d$ quarks, kaon superfluidity would require so large $s$ quark density that such a state is impossible in the early universe.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Exclusive $J/\Psi$ and ${\rho }^0$ vector meson production using BK evolution theory

    Ranjan Saikia🇮🇳 · Jayanta Kumar Sarma🇮🇳

    Exclusive diffractive processes, such as exclusive vector meson production, serve as excellent probes of hadron structure within the perturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The exclusive process involving light and heavy vector mesons, $ep\to eV(V=J/\Psi ,\rho ,\varphi )$, has been investigated at the HERA accelerator facility. In this study, we focus on the theoretical prediction of exclusive $J/\Psi$ and ${\rho }^0$ vector meson production. Employing the color dipole description of deep inelastic scattering (DIS), we calculate both the differential cross-section and total cross-section of $J/\Psi$ and ${\rho }^0$ vector mesons, employing an analytical solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. Furthermore, we present the ratio of the longitudinal to the transverse cross-section for $J/\Psi$ and ${\rho }^0$ as a function of $Q^2$. Two well-known vector meson wave function models, Boosted Gaussian (BG) and Gaus-LC, have been integrated into our analysis, showing slight sensitivity to the chosen vector meson wave functions. Our theoretical predictions agree well with the available experimental data for vector meson production. The analytical solution of the BK equation proves reliable for the theoretical prediction of exclusive vector mesons within a specific range of $Q^2$.

    hep-phBraz.J.Phys.(2025)·0 citations
16. 16*

    The origin of the 95 GeV excess in the flavor-dependent U(1)X model

    Zhao-feng Ge🇨🇳 · Feng-Yan Niu🇨🇳 · Jin-Lei Yang🇨🇳

    This study investigates the excesses observed in the CMS diphoton and ditau data around 95 GeV within the framework of the flavor-dependent U(1)X model. The model introduces a singlet scalar to explain the nonzero neutrino masses. This newly introduced Higgs interacts directly with the quark sector, motivated by the aim to explain the flavor numbers of the fermion sector. Additionally, it undergoes mixing with the SM-like Higgs boson. The study suggests that designating this singlet Higgs state in this model as the lightest Higgs boson holds great potential for explaining the excesses around 95 GeV. In the calculations, we maintained the masses of the lightest and next-to-lightest Higgs bosons at around 95 GeV and 125 GeV respectively. It was found that the theoretical predictions on the signal strengthes {\mu}(h95)_{\gamma}{\gamma}, {\mu}(h95)_{\tau}{\tau} in the flavor-dependent U(1)X model can be fitted well to the excesses observed at CMS.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·14 citations
17. 17*

    Investigation on the electromagnetic properties of the $D^{(\ast )}{\Sigma }_c^{(\ast )}$ molecules

    U. Özdem🇹🇷

    We systematically explore their electromagnetic characteristics to improve our understanding of the quark-gluon dynamics underlying the complex and controversial nature of multiquark systems. In this study, the magnetic dipole moments of $D{\Sigma }_c$, $D{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks are extracted, which are directly related to the inner organization of the relevant states. The magnetic dipole moments of these states have been evaluated employing the QCD light-cone sum rules technique with isospin spin-parity $\mathrm{I}({\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{P}})=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$, $\mathrm{I}({\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{P}})=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$ and $\mathrm{I}({\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{P}})=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$, for $D{\Sigma }_c$, $D{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks respectively. Our predictions for the magnetic dipole moment ${\mu }_{D{\Sigma }_c}=2.98_{-0.54}^{+0.76}{\mu }_N$ for the $D{\Sigma }_c$ pentaquark, ${\mu }_{D{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }}=1.65_{-0.34}^{+0.45}{\mu }_N$ for the $D{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ pentaquark, and ${\mu }_{D^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c}=-3.63_{-0.60}^{+0.79}{\mu }_N$ for the $D^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$ pentaquark. Furthermore, we have also extracted the electric quadrupole and the magnetic octupole moments of the $D{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ and $D^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks. These values show a non-spherical charge distribution. We hope that our predictions of the magnetic dipole moments of the doubly-charmed pentaquarks, in conjunction with the results of other theoretical investigations of the spectroscopic parameters and decay widths of these intriguing pentaquarks, will prove valuable in the search for these states in future experiments and in elucidating the internal structure of these pentaquarks.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJA(2025)·15 citations
18. 18*

    Simulating Heavy Neutral Leptons with General Couplings at Collider and Fixed Target Experiments

    Jonathan L. Feng🇺🇸 · Alec Hewitt🇺🇸 · Felix Kling🇩🇪 · Daniel La Rocco🇺🇸

    Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are motivated by attempts to explain neutrino masses and dark matter. If their masses are in the MeV to several GeV range, HNLs are light enough to be copiously produced at collider and accelerator facilities, but also heavy enough to decay to visible particles on length scales that can be observed in particle detectors. Previous studies evaluating the sensitivities of experiments have often focused on simple, but not particularly well-motivated, models in which the HNL mixes with only one active neutrino flavor. In this work, we accurately simulate models for HNL masses between 100 MeV and 10 GeV and arbitrary couplings to $e$, $\mu$, and $\tau$ leptons. We include over 150 HNL production channels and over 100 HNL decay modes, including all of the processes that can be dominant in some region of the general parameter space. The result is HNLCalc, a user-friendly, fast, and flexible library to compute the properties of HNL models. As examples, we implement HNLCalc to extend the FORESEE package to evaluate the prospects for HNL discovery at forward LHC experiments. We present sensitivity reaches for FASER and FASER2 in five benchmark scenarios with coupling ratios $|U_e{|}^2:|U_{\mu }{|}^2:|U_{\tau }{|}^2$ = 1:0:0, 0:1:0, 0:0:1, 0:1:1, and 1:1:1, where the latter two have not been studied previously. Comparing these to current constraints, we identify regions of parameter space with significant discovery prospects.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·21 citations
19. 19*

    New Models of $SU(6)$ Grand Gauge-Higgs Unification

    Nobuhito Maru🇯🇵 · Ryujiro Nago🇯🇵

    A five dimensional $SU(6)$ grand gauge-Higgs unification compactified on $S^1/Z_2$ is discussed. We propose new sets of the $SU(6)$ representations where the quarks and leptons in one generation are embedded and there is no extra massless exotic fermions absent in the Standard Model. The correct electroweak symmetry breaking pattern can be realized by introducing some adjoint fermions. We also analyze whether a viable Higgs mass can be obtained.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·7 citations
20. 20*

    Pole trajectories of the $\Lambda (1405)$ helps establish its dynamical nature

    Zejian Zhuang🇪🇸 · Raquel Molina🇪🇸 · Jun-Xu Lu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    The $\Lambda (1405)$ has been one of the most controversial exotic baryons. If the $\Lambda (1405)$ possesses a two-pole molecular structure, these poles are expected to evolve differently towards the SU(3) limit. From an analysis of a recent LQCD simulation on the $\pi \Sigma -\bar{K}N$ scattering for $I=0$ and the study of the quark mass dependence of the octet baryon masses, we determine for the first time the trajectories of these poles towards the symmetric point over the $\mathrm{Tr}[M]=C$ trajectory accurately. At $m_{\pi }\simeq 200$ MeV, our results are consistent with the lattice simulations, and the extrapolations to the physical point, based on the NLO chiral Lagrangians, agree well with existing experimental analyses. We predict qualitatively similar trajectories at LO and up to NLO, consistent with the LO interaction's dominance. At the SU(3) symmetric point of this trajectory, both poles are on the physical sheet, and the lower pole is located at $E^{(1)}=1573(6)(6)$ MeV, becoming a SU(3) singlet, while the higher pole at $E^{(8a)}=1589(7)(5)$ MeV couples to the octet representation. Moreover, we make predictions in $I=1$ for the ${\Sigma }^{\ast }$ resonance. We find a resonance pole that evolves into a bound state around $m_{\pi }=415$ MeV in this sector. The results presented here are crucial to shed light on the molecular nature of exotic strange baryon resonances and can be tested in future LQCD simulations.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thSci.Bull.(2025)·21 citations
21. 21*

    Predicting hidden bottom molecular tetraquarks with a complex scaling method

    Qing-Fu Song🇨🇳 · Qi-Fang Lü🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳 · Yu-Bing Dong🇨🇳

    In present work, we perform a coupled-channel analysis of $B_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}_{(s)}^{(\ast )}$ systems with the one-boson-exchange potentials. We first study the $I(J^{PC})=1(1^{+-})$ $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }/B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ system to describe the $Z_b(10610)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ particles as molecular states and determine the reasonable range of cutoff parameter $\Lambda$. Then, other $B_{(s)}^{(\ast )}{\bar{B}}_{(s)}^{(\ast )}$ combinations with different quantum numbers are systematically investigated. Some bound states and resonances appear in the isoscalar systems, while only several shallow bound states exist for isovector systems. Far away from the excited conventional $P-$wave bottomium, these predicted states can be easily identified as exotic particles both theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, the ${\eta }_b(nS)/{\rm Y}(nS)$ plus light mesons are the excellent final states to search for the bound states, while the $B{\bar{B}}^{\ast }+h.c.$ and $B^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ channels are suitable for the resonances. We highly recommend that the LHCb and Belle II Collaborations can hunt for these bottomonium-like states in future.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
22. 22*

    Oscillations in the elastic high energy amplitude

    P. Grafstrom🇮🇹 · A.D. Martin🇬🇧 · M.G. Ryskin🇷🇺

    We discuss the oscillations in the elastic $pp$ differential cross section seen in the TOTEM data at $\sqrt{s}=13$~TeV on the top of the usual smooth behaviour.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·4 citations
23. 23*

    Gravitational form factors of the pion and meson dominance

    Wojciech Broniowski🇵🇱 · Enrique Ruiz Arriola🇪🇸

    We show that the recent MIT lattice QCD data for the pion's gravitational form factors are, in the covered momentum transfer range, fully consistent with the meson dominance principle. In particular, the $2^{++}$ component can be accurately saturated with the $f_2(1270)$ meson, whereas the $0^{++}$ component with the $\sigma$ meson. To incorporate the large width of the $\sigma$, we use the dispersion relation with the spectral density obtained from analyses of the physical pion scattering data. Effects of the pion mass are estimated within Chiral Perturbation Theory and are found to be small between the lattice and the physical point. We also discuss the implications of the perturbative QCD constraints at high momentum transfers, leading to specific sum rules for the spectral densities of the gravitational form factors, and argue that these densities cannot be of definite sign.

    hep-phhep-latPLB(2024)·33 citations
24. 24*

    Tritium $\beta$-decay and Proton-Proton Fusion in Pionless Effective Field Theory

    Ha S. Nguyen🇺🇸 · Jared Vanasse🇺🇸

    The Gamow-Teller and Fermi matrix elements, $⟨\mathbf{GT}⟩$ and $⟨\mathbf{F}⟩$, respectively, for tritium $\beta$-decay are calculated to next-to-leading order (NLO) in pionless effective field theory in the absence of Coulomb and isospin violation giving the leading order predictions ${⟨\mathbf{GT}⟩}_0=0.9807$ and ${⟨\mathbf{F}⟩}_0=1$. Using an experimentally determined value for the tritium-$\beta$ decay GT matrix element, the two-body axial current low energy constant is fixed at NLO yielding $L_{1,A}=6.01\pm 2.08$ fm${}^3$ at the renormalization scale of the physical pion mass, which agrees with predictions based on naive dimensional analysis. Finally, the consequences of Wigner-SU(4) spin-isospin symmetry are considered for the Gamow-Teller matrix element.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·3 citations
25. 25*

    Neutrinos from captured dark matter in galactic stars

    Debajit Bose🇮🇳 · Rohan Pramanick🇮🇳 · Tirtha Sankar Ray🇮🇳

    Sub-GeV neutrinos produced in a stellar core may emerge from main sequence stars, white dwarfs and brown dwarfs producing possible observable signals of dark matter capture. A distribution of these stars near the Milky Way galactic center will produce a neutrino flux that can be probed at Earth based neutrino observatories like Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande. We demonstrate that this can provide a handle to probe dark matter masses in the $200$MeV\,$-$\,$2$GeV mass scales that compares favourably with present day direct detection bounds.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPLB(2025)·8 citations
26. 26*

    Towards understanding fermion masses and mixings

    Zurab Berezhiani🇮🇹 · Benedetta Belfatto🇩🇪

    The Standard Model does not constrain the form of the Yukawa matrices and thus the origin of fermion mass hierarchies and mixing pattern remains puzzling. On the other hand, there are intriguing relations between the quark masses and their weak mixing angles, such as the well-known one $\tan {\theta }_C=\sqrt{m_d/m_s}$ for the Cabibbo angle, which may point towards specific textures of Yukawa matrices hypothesized by Harald Fritzsch at the end of the 70's. Though the original ansatz of Fritzsch is excluded by the experimental data, one can consider its minimal modification which consists in introducing an asymmetry between the 23 and 32 entries in the down-quark Yukawa matrix. We show that this structure is perfectly compatible with the present precision data on quark masses and CKM mixing matrix, and theoretically it can be obtained in the context of $SU(5)$ model with inter-family $SU(3{)}_H$ symmetry. We also discuss some alternative approaches which could give a natural description of the fermion mass spectrum and weak mixing pattern.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2024)·1 citation
27. 27*

    2023 update of the extraction of the CKM matrix elements

    Luiz Vale Silva🇪🇸

    I discuss the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements under the Standard Model (SM) framework from a global fit combining observables that satisfy the double requirement of being precisely known both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis shown here relies on the CKMfitter package, consisting of a frequentist approach that employs the Range fit (Rfit) scheme to handle theoretical uncertainties.

    hep-phhep-exhep-lat16 citations
28. 28*

    Axion-Induced Patchy Screening of the Cosmic Microwave Background

    Cristina Mondino🇨🇦 · Dalila Pîrvu🇨🇦 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦 · Matthew C. Johnson🇨🇦

    Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photons can undergo resonant conversion into axions in the presence of magnetized plasma distributed inside non-linear large-scale structure (LSS). This process leads to axion-induced patchy screening: secondary temperature and polarization anisotropies with a characteristic non-blackbody frequency dependence that are strongly correlated with the distribution of LSS along our past light cone. We compute the axion-induced patchy screening contribution to two- and three- point correlation functions that include CMB anisotropies and tracers of LSS within the halo model. We use these results to forecast the sensitivity of existing and future surveys to photon-axion couplings for axion masses between $2\times 10^{-13}$ eV and $3\times 10^{-12}$ eV, using a combination of empirical estimates from Planck data of the contribution from instrumental noise and foregrounds as well as modeled contributions on angular scales only accessible with future datasets. We demonstrate that an analysis using Planck and the unWISE galaxy catalogue would be complementary to the most sensitive existing astrophysical axion searches, probing couplings as small as $3\times 10^{-12}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$, while observations from a future survey such as CMB-S4 could extend this reach by almost an additional order of magnitude.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·25 citations
29. 29*

    QCD Axion Strings or Seeds?

    Simone Blasi🇩🇪 · Alberto Mariotti🇧🇪

    We study the impact of QCD axion strings in the cosmological history of electroweak (EW) symmetry breaking, focussing on the minimal KSVZ axion model. We consider the case of the pure SM Higgs potential as well as a simple scenario with a first order EW phase transition. We capture the effect of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) sector within an effective-theory approach for the Higgs field, where the axion string core and the heavy PQ states are integrated out. The relevant parameters in this effective theory are controlled by the size of the portal coupling between the Higgs and the PQ scalar, and the mass of the PQ radial excitation. We determine the range of portal couplings for which the axion strings can strongly affect the dynamics of EW symmetry breaking. In the case of a first order EW phase transition, the strings can act as seeds by either catalyzing the nucleation of (non-spherical) bubbles, or leading to the completion of the phase transition by triggering a classical instability.

    hep-phhep-thSciPost Phys.(2025)·14 citations
30. 30*

    Not-so-inelastic Dark Matter

    Giovani Dalla Valle Garcia🇩🇪 · Felix Kahlhoefer🇩🇪 · Maksym Ovchynnikov🇩🇪 · Thomas Schwetz🇩🇪

    Models of inelastic (or pseudo-Dirac) dark matter commonly assume an accidental symmetry between the left-handed and right-handed mass terms in order to suppress diagonal couplings. We point out that this symmetry is unnecessary, because for Majorana fermions the diagonal couplings are not strongly constrained. Removing the requirement of such an ad-hoc symmetry instead relaxes the relic density constraint due to additional annihilation modes. We consider a simple UV-complete model realising this setup and study constraints from (in)direct detection, beam dump experiments and colliders. We identify two viable mass regions for the dark matter mass, around a few hundred MeV and around a few GeV, respectively. The former region will be fully tested by near-future analyses of NA64 and Belle II data, while the latter turns out to be challenging to explore even with future experiments.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·31 citations
31. 31*

    Medium effects of charged-hadron production in $p+Pb$ and $Pb+Pb$ collisions at LHC energies using modified Tsallis distribution

    Kapil Saraswat🇹🇼 · Prashanta Kumar Khandai🇮🇳 · Deependra Singh Rawat🇮🇳 · Venktesh Singh🇮🇳

    The transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of charged hadrons in $p+p$, $p+Pb$ and $Pb+Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV are presented here within the rapidity range of $-2.5<y<2.0$. We study the medium effects, which is produced by heavy ion collisions, on the behaviour of charged hadrons, by using a phenomenological fit function. These effects are attributed to two main factors: the transverse collective flow and the the energy loss of charged hadrons due to multiple scatterings. We observe the transverse collective flow at low and intermediate $p_T$ region and the energy loss at high $p_T$ region. Here we take all the published data from the ATLAS collaboration.

    hep-ph0 citations
32. 32*

    Regularized-Renormalized-Resummed loop corrected power spectrum of non-singular bounce with Primordial Black Hole formation

    Sayantan Choudhury🇮🇳 · Ahaskar Karde🇮🇳 · Sudhakar Panda🇮🇳 · Soumitra SenGupta🇮🇳

    We present a complete and consistent exposition of the regularization, renormalization, and resummation procedures in the setup of having a contraction and then non-singular bounce followed by inflation with a sharp transition from slow-roll (SR) to ultra-slow roll (USR) phase for generating primordial black holes (PBHs). We consider following an effective field theory (EFT) approach and study the quantum loop corrections to the power spectrum from each phase. We demonstrate the complete removal of quadratic UV divergences after renormalization and softened logarithmic IR divergences after resummation and illustrate the scheme-independent nature of our renormalization approach. We further show that the addition of a contracting and bouncing phase allows us to successfully generate PBHs of solar-mass order, $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(M_{\odot })$, by achieving the minimum e-folds during inflation to be $\Delta N_{\mathrm{Total}}\sim \mathcal{O}(60)$ and in this process successfully evading the strict no-go theorem. We notice that varying the effective sound speed between $0.88\le c_s\le 1$, allows the peak spectrum amplitude to lie within $10^{-3}\le A\le 10^{-2}$, indicating that causality and unitarity remain protected in the theory. We analyse PBHs in the extremely small, $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-33}-10^{-27})M_{\odot }$, and the large, $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-6}-10^{-1})M_{\odot }$, mass limits and confront the PBH abundance results with the latest microlensing constraints. We also study the cosmological beta functions across all phases and find their interpretation consistent in the context of bouncing and inflationary scenarios while satisfying the pivot scale normalization requirement. Further, we estimate the spectral distortion effects and shed light on controlling PBH overproduction.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thEPJC(2024)·27 citations
33. 33*

    Perturbations of Mimetic Curvaton

    Anxianyi Xiong🇨🇳 · Xin-zhe Zhang🇨🇳 · Taotao Qiu🇨🇳

    The mimetic gravity theory is one of the interesting modified gravity theories, which aims to unify the matter component of our universe within the power of gravity. The mimetic-like theory can also be responsible for primordial perturbations production, e.g., when the mimetic field is set to be like a curvaton field, and the adiabatic perturbation can thus be generated from the isocurvature perturbation via usual curvaton mechanism [1]. In the original mimetic curvaton model, the parameter $\lambda$ was purely an algebraic multiplier, lack of any perturbed dynamics. In the current paper, we treat $\lambda$ as an auxiliary field, with its perturbation $\delta \lambda$ evolving alongside. We show that, with such a consideration, the adiabatic perturbation can still be generated from the curvaton mechanism, and becomes scale invariant with different field space configurations.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·1 citation
34. 34*

    Nuclear matter and finite nuclei: recent studies based on Parity Doublet Model

    Yuk-Kei Kong🇯🇵 · Youngman Kim🇰🇷 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵

    In this review, we summarize recent studies on nuclear matter and finite nuclei based on parity doublet models. We first construct a parity doublet model (PDM), which includes the chiral invariant mass $m_0$ of nucleons together with the mass generated by the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. We then study the density dependence of the symmetry energy in the PDM, which shows that the symmetry energy is larger for smaller chiral invariant mass. Then, we investigate some finite nuclei by applying the Relativistic Continuum Hartree-Bogoliubov (RCHB) theory to the PDM. We present the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the binding energies and charge radii, and show that $m_0$ = 700 MeV is preferred by the nuclear properties. Finally, we modify the PDM by adding the iso-vector scalar meson $a_0(980)$ and show that the inclusion of the $a_0(980)$ enlarges the symmetry energy of the infinite nuclear matter.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phSymmetry(2024)·6 citations
35. 35*

    Hubble tension tomography: BAO vs SnIa distance tension

    Dimitrios Bousis · Leandros Perivolaropoulos🇬🇷

    We investigate the redshift dependence of the Hubble tension by comparing the luminosity distances obtained using an up-to-date BAO dataset (including the latest DESI data) calibrated with the CMB-inferred sound horizon, and the Pantheon+ SnIa distances calibrated with Cepheids. Using a redshift tomography method, we find: 1) The BAO-inferred distances are discrepant with the Pantheon+ SnIa distances across all redshift bins considered, with the discrepancy level varying with redshift. 2) The distance discrepancy is more pronounced at lower redshifts ($z\in [0.1,0.8]$) compared to higher redshifts ($z\in [0.8,2.3]$). The consistency of $\Lambda$CDM best fit parameters obtained in high and low redshift bins of both BAO and SnIa samples is investigated and we confirm that the tension reduces at high redshifts. Also a mild tension between the redshift bins is identified at higher redshifts for both the BAO and Pantheon+ data with respect to the best fit value of $H_0$ in agreement with previous studies which find hints for an 'evolution' of $H_0$ in the context of $\Lambda$CDM. These results confirm that the low redshift BAO and SnIa distances can only become consistent through a re-evaluation of the distance calibration methods. An $H(z)$ expansion rate deformation alone is insufficient to resolve the tension. Our findings also hint at a possible deviation of the expansion rate from the Planck18/$\Lambda$CDM model at high redshifts $z\gtrsim 2$. We show that such a deformation is well described by a high redshift transition of $H(z)$ like the one expressed by ${\Lambda }_s$CDM even though this alone cannot fully resolve the Hubble tension due to its tension with intermediate/low $z$ BAO data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·58 citations
36. 36*

    Search for exotic physics at BESIII

    Zhijun Li🇨🇳 · Zhengyun You🇨🇳

    Exotic physics typically encompasses two categories of exotic particles: ``dark" particles beyond the standard model and exotic hadrons within the extended standard model. We present a summary of the recent results on exotic particles at BESIII, which could play a crucial role in the study of exotic physics.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph3 citations
37. 37*

    Color confinement due to spontaneous breaking of magnetic $U(1{)}_m^8$

    Tsuneo Suzuki🇯🇵

    The violation of non-Abelian Bianchi identity is equal to 8 Abelian monopole currents of the Dirac type satisfying Abelian conservation rules kinematically. There exist magnetic $U(1{)}_m^8$ symmetries in non-Abelian $SU(3)$ QCD. When the magnetic $U(1{)}_m^8$ symmetries are broken spontaneously, only states which are invariant under all $U(1{)}_e$ subgroups of $SU(3)$ can exist as a physical state. Such states are $SU(3)$ singlets. The QCD vacuum in the confinement phase is characterized by one long percolating monopole loop running over the whole lattice volume in both quenched and full QCD. The long loop in full QCD is on average a few times longer in comparison with that in quenched QCD case. Surprisingly, the monopole behaviors in full QCD seem independent of the bare quark mass suggesting irrelevance of Abelian monopoles to the chiral symmetry breaking mechanism. Existence of such Abelian magnetic monopoles in the continuum limit is studied in detail in $SU(3)$ by means of a block spin transformation of monopoles and the inverse Monte-Carlo method. The monopole density $\rho$ and the infrared effective monopole action $S(k)$ of $n$ blocked monopoles are determined for $a(\beta )=(0.04\sim 2)$fm and $n=1\sim 12$ blockings on $48^4$ lattice in quenched QCD and for $a(\beta )=0.0846(7)$fm and $n=1\sim 24$ on $96^4$ in full QCD at $m_{\pi }=146$MeV. Originally $\rho$ and $S(k)$ are a two-point function of $a(\beta )$ and the number of times of the blocking transformation $n$. However, both are found to be a function of $b=na(\beta )$ alone in the quenched QCD which suggests the existence of the continuum limit. In the full QCD, the renormalization flow is observed similarly but the scaling is not yet proved. The distributions of the long loops show that monopole condensation occurs due to the entropy dominance over the energy for all $b$ considered.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-th0 citations
38. 38*

    Geometric Interpretation of a nonlinear extension of Quantum Mechanics

    Alan Chodos🇺🇸 · Fred Cooper

    We recently introduced a particular nonlinear generalization of quantum mechanics which has the property that it is exactly solvable in terms of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian of the usual linear quantum mechanics problem. In this paper we suggest that the two components of the wave function represent the system described by the Hamiltonian H in two different asymptotic regions of spacetime and we show that the non-linear terms can be viewed as giving rise to gravitational effects.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phhep-thSymmetry(2024)·3 citations
39. 39*

    Search for solar axions by Primakoff effect with the full dataset of the CDEX-1B Experiment

    L. T. Yang🇨🇳 · S. K. Liu🇨🇳 · Q. Yue🇨🇳 · K. J. Kang🇨🇳 · Y. J. Li🇨🇳 · H. P. An🇨🇳 · Greeshma C.🇹🇼 · J. P. Chang🇨🇳 · Y. H. Chen🇨🇳 · J. P. Cheng🇨🇳 · W. H. Dai🇨🇳 · Z. Deng🇨🇳 and 74 other authors

    We present the first limit on $g_{A\gamma }$ coupling constant using the Bragg-Primakoff conversion based on an exposure of 1107.5 kg days of data from the CDEX-1B experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The data are consistent with the null signal hypothesis, and no excess signals are observed. Limits of the coupling $g_{A\gamma }<2.08\times 10^{-9}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ (95\% C.L.) are derived for axions with mass up to 100 eV/$c^2$. Within the hadronic model of KSVZ, our results exclude axion mass $>5.3\mathrm{eV}/{\mathrm{c}}^2$ at 95\% C.L.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.ins-det1 citation
40. 40*

    The Quenched $g_A$ Puzzle in Nuclei & Nuclear Matter and "Pseudo-Conformality" in QCD

    Mannque Rho

    The long-standing puzzle of the quenched $g_A$ in nuclei is shown to have an extremely simple resolution in a renormalization-group (RG) treatment of a hidden local symmetric (HLS) and scale-symmetric (HSS) chiral Lagrangian. It is shown that the Landau-Migdal fixed-point approximation in nuclear matter (or $V_{lowk}$ in finite nuclei) in RG approach to strong correlations of fermionic hadrons on the Fermi surface {\it exactly} reproduces the superallowed Gamow-Teller transitions in the ``Extreme Single-Particle (shell-)Model (ESPM)" in doubly-magic closed shell nuclei. One arrives at the quenching factor $q\approx 0.78$ giving the quenched $g_A^{\mathrm{eff}}\approx 1$. This resolution exposes scale-chiral symmetry, hidden in QCD in the vacuum, emerging in nuclear matter from low density to high compact-star density. It has important implications on ``first principles" approaches to nuclear physics, such as the role of multi-body exchange currents in weak axial-current matrix elements in nuclei and in neutrinoless double $\beta$ decays for going Beyond the Standard Model. This resolution could put in serious doubt the most recent improved measurement of the superallowed Gamow-Teller transition in the doubly-magic closed shell nucleus ${}^{100}$Sn which if confirmed would require a ``{\it fundamental quenching}" $q_{ssb}\sim 1/2$.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phSymmetry(2024)·2 citations
41. 41*

    All-multiplicity amplitudes in impulsive PP-waves from the worldline formalism

    Patrick Copinger🇬🇧 · James P. Edwards🇬🇧 · Anton Ilderton🇬🇧 · Karthik Rajeev🇬🇧

    We use the worldline formalism to derive Bern-Kosower type Master Formulae for the tree-level scattering of a charged particle and an arbitrary number of photons on impulsive PP-waves, where the coupling of the PP-wave to matter is treated fully non-perturbatively. We show that, in a certain kinematic regime characterised by a semi-classical positive energy condition, both off-shell currents and scattering amplitudes exhibit two novel factorisation structures. First, they may be written as currents in vacuum but with a single additional photon, averaged over the momentum of that photon. This converts the all-orders interaction with the PP-wave into a single effective interaction. Second, the currents and amplitudes may be written as a weighted average of the corresponding quantities in an impulsive plane wave background, with the average taken over all possible field strengths of the plane wave. This generalises a known single-photon result to arbitrary multiplicity.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·10 citations
42. 42*

    High-energy neutrinos from late-time jets of gamma-ray bursts seeded with cocoon photons

    Riki Matsui🇮🇹 · Shigeo S Kimura🇯🇵 · Hamid Hamidani🇯🇵

    In gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), $\sim$ 100 - 1000 s after the prompt emission, afterglow observations have consistently shown X-ray excesses detected in the form of flares (XFs; in long GRBs) or extended emission (EEs; in short GRBs). These observations are interpreted as emissions from jets launched by late central engine activity. However, the characteristics of these late-time jets, particularly the dissipation radius ($r_{\mathrm{diss}}$), Lorentz factor ($\Gamma$), and cosmic-ray loading factor (${\xi }_p$), remain unknown despite their importance. Here, in order to understand the properties of the late-time jets with future multi-messenger observations, we estimate the detectability of neutrinos associated with late-time emissions for a wide range of $r_{\mathrm{diss}}$ and $\Gamma$, assuming ${\xi }_p=10$. We take into account external seed photons from the cocoon around the jets, which can enhance the neutrino production through photohadronic interaction in the jet dissipation region. Our results are still consistent with the upper limit obtained by IceCube. Our calculations indicate a promising prospect for neutrino detection with IceCube-Gen2 through the stacking of $\sim 1000-2000$ events, for a wide range of $r_{\mathrm{diss}}$ and $\Gamma$. We found that setting an optimal energy threshold of 10 TeV can significantly reduce noise without negatively affecting neutrino detection. Furthermore, even in the case of non-detection, we show that meaningful constraints on the characteristics of the late-time jets can be obtained.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2024)·4 citations
43. 43*

    Valence Quark PDFs of the Proton from Two-Current Correlations in Lattice QCD

    Christian Zimmermann🇫🇷 · Andreas Schäfer🇩🇪

    Following previous works on that topic, we consider Euclidean hadronic matrix elements in position space of two spatially separated local currents on the lattice, in order to extract the $x$ dependence of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The corresponding approach is often referred to by the term lattice cross section. In this work we will consider valence quark PDFs of an unpolarized proton. We adapt the previously established formalism to our choice of operators. The calculation of the two-current matrix elements requires the evaluation of four-point functions. The corresponding calculation is carried out on a $n_f=2+1$ gauge ensemble with lattice spacing $a=0.0856\mathrm{fm}$ and pseudoscalar masses $m_{\pi }=355\mathrm{MeV}$ and $m_K=441\mathrm{MeV}$. The four-point functions have been evaluated in a previous project. The lattice data is converted to the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme at a scale $\mu =2\mathrm{GeV}$ and improved with respect to lattice artifacts. We use a common model as fit ansatz for the lattice data in order to extract the PDFs.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
44. 44*

    Long term variability of Cygnus X-1. VIII. A spectral-timing look at low energies with NICER

    Ole König · Guglielmo Mastroserio · Thomas Dauser · Mariano Méndez · Jingyi Wang · Javier A. García · James F. Steiner · Katja Pottschmidt · Ralf Ballhausen · Riley M. Connors · Federico García🇦🇷 · Victoria Grinberg and 10 other authors

    The Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) monitoring campaign of Cyg X-1 allows us to study its spectral-timing behavior at energies $<1$ keV across all states. The hard state power spectrum can be decomposed into two main broad Lorentzians with a transition at around 1 Hz. The lower-frequency Lorentzian is the dominant component at low energies. The higher-frequency Lorentzian begins to contribute significantly to the variability above 1.5 keV and dominates at high energies. We show that the low- and high-frequency Lorentzians likely represent individual physical processes. The lower-frequency Lorentzian can be associated with a (possibly Comptonized) disk component, while the higher-frequency Lorentzian is clearly associated with the Comptonizing plasma. At the transition of these components, we discover a low-energy timing phenomenon characterized by an abrupt lag change of hard ($\gtrsim 2$ keV) with respect to soft ($\lesssim 1.5$ keV) photons, accompanied by a drop in coherence, and a reduction in amplitude of the second broad Lorentzian. The frequency of the phenomenon increases with the frequencies of the Lorentzians as the source softens and cannot be seen when the power spectrum is single-humped. A comparison to transient low-mass X-ray binaries shows that this feature does not only appear in Cyg X-1, but that it is a general property of accreting black hole binaries. In Cyg X-1, we find that the variability at low and high energies is overall highly coherent in the hard and intermediate states. The high coherence shows that there is a process at work which links the variability, suggesting a physical connection between the accretion disk and Comptonizing plasma. This process fundamentally changes in the soft state, where strong red noise at high energies is incoherent to the variability at low energies.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phAstron.Astrophys.(2024)·22 citations
45. 45*

    Infrared gluon propagator in the Refined Gribov-Zwanziger scenario at one-loop order in the Landau gauge

    Gustavo P. de Brito🇧🇷 · Antonio D. Pereira🇧🇷

    The Refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) action in the Landau gauge provides a local and renormalizable framework to account for the existence of infinitesimal Gribov copies in the path integral together with other relevant infrared effects such as the formation of condensates. The properties of the tree-level gluon propagator obtained in this setup has been thoroughly investigated over the past decade. It accommodates important properties seen in lattice simulations such as a finite value at vanishing momentum and positivity violation. Yet a comprehensive study about the stability of such properties against quantum corrections was lacking. In this work, we compute the gluon propagator in the RGZ scenario at one-loop order and implement an appropriate renormalization scheme in order to compare our findings with lattice data. Remarkably, the qualitative properties of the tree-level gluon propagator are preserved. In particular, the fits with lattice data show evidence for positivity violation and the existence of complex poles for SU(2) and SU(3) gauge groups. We comment on the results for the ghost propagator as well.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
46. 46*

    A study of nuclear structure of light nuclei at the Electron-Ion Collider

    Niseem Magdy🇺🇸 · Mariam Hegazy🇪🇬 · Aliaa Rafaat🇪🇬 · Wenliang Li🇺🇸 · Abhay Deshpande · A. M. H. Abdelhady🇪🇬 · A. Y. Ellithi🇪🇬 · Roy A. Lacey🇺🇸 · Zhoudunming Tu🇺🇸

    Understanding the substructure of atomic nuclei, particularly the clustering of nucleons inside them, is essential for comprehending nuclear dynamics. Various cluster configurations can emerge depending on excitation energy, the number and types of core clusters, and the presence of excess neutrons. Despite the prevalence of tightly bound cluster formations in low-lying states, understanding the correlation between clusters and their formation mechanisms remains incomplete. This exploring study investigates nuclear clustering at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) using simulations based on the modified BeAGLE model. By simulating collisions involving $e$+${}^9$Be, $e$+${}^{12}$C, and $e$+${}^{16}$O nuclei, we find that the average energy of particles $⟨E⟩$ and the system size ratios of particles at forward rapidity exhibit sensitivity to alpha clustering and its various configurations. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of nuclear clustering and its implications for future studies at the EIC.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJA(2024)·14 citations
47. 47*

    Phase Transition of Anisotropic Hot Dense QGP in Magnetic Field: $z^5$-term Holography for Heavy Quarks

    Kristina Rannu🇷🇺

    We present a five-dimensional twice anisotropic holographic model for heavy quarks supported by Einstein-dilaton-three-Maxwell action. A special feature of the model is the presence of $z^5$-term in the metric strain coefficient (warp factor). It's influence on the model properties, mainly on the confinement/deconfinement phase transition, is considered. Conditions for the direct magnetic catalysis are found and the corresponding phase diagrams are discussed.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph6 citations
48. 48*

    An Area Law for Entanglement Entropy in Particle Scattering

    Ian Low🇺🇸 · Zhewei Yin🇺🇸

    The scattering cross section is the effective area of collision when two particles collide. Quantum mechanically, it is a measure of the probability for a specific process to take place. Employing wave packets to describe the scattering process, we compute the entanglement entropy in 2-to-2 scattering of particles in a general setting using the $S$-matrix formalism. Applying the optical theorem, we show that the linear entropy ${\mathcal{E}}_2$ is given by the elastic cross section ${\sigma }_{\text{el}}$ in unit of the transverse size $L^2$ of the wave packet, ${\mathcal{E}}_2\sim {\sigma }_{\text{el}}/L^2$, when the initial states are not entangled. The result allows for dual interpretations of the entanglement entropy as an area and as a probability. Since ${\sigma }_{\text{el}}$ is generally believed, and observed experimentally, to grow with the collision energy $\sqrt{s}$ in the high energy regime, the result suggests a "second law" of entanglement entropy for high energy collisions. Furthermore, the Froissart bound places an upper limit on the entropy growth.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phnucl-th+1PRD(2026)·28 citations
49. 49*

    Dark Matter-Radiation Scattering Enhances CMB Phase Shift through Dark Matter-loading

    Subhajit Ghosh🇺🇸 · Daven Wei Ren Ho🇺🇸 · Yuhsin Tsai🇺🇸

    A phase shift in the acoustic oscillations of CMB spectra is a characteristic signature for the presence of non-photon radiation propagating differently from photons, even when the radiation couples to SM particles solely gravitationally. It is well-established that compared to the presence of free-streaming radiation, CMB spectra shift to higher $\ell$-modes in the presence of self-interacting non-photon radiation such as neutrinos and dark radiation. In this study, we further demonstrate that the scattering of non-photon radiation with dark matter can further amplify this phase shift. We show that when the energy density of the interacting radiation surpasses that of interacting dark matter around matter-radiation equality, the phase shift enhancement is proportional to the interacting dark matter abundance and remains insensitive to the radiation energy density. Given the presence of dark matter-radiation interaction, this additional phase shift emerges as a generic signature of models featuring an interacting dark sector or neutrino-dark matter scattering. Using neutrino-dark matter scattering as an example, we numerically calculate the amplified phase shift and offer an analytical interpretation of the result by modeling photon and neutrino perturbations with coupled harmonic oscillators. This framework also explains the phase shift contrast between self-interacting and free-streaming neutrinos. Fitting models with neutrino-dark matter or dark radiation-dark matter interactions to CMB and large-scale structure data, we validate the presence of the enhanced phase shift, affirmed by the linear dependence observed between the preferred regions of the sound horizon angle ${\theta }_s$ and interacting dark matter abundance. An increased ${\theta }_s$ and a suppressed matter power spectrum is therefore a generic feature of models containing dark matter scattering with abundant dark radiation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·8 citations
50. 50*

    A search for an eV-scale sterile neutrino using improved high-energy ${\nu }_{\mu }$ event reconstruction in IceCube

    IceCube Collaboration: R. Abbasi🇺🇸 · M. Ackermann🇩🇪 · J. Adams🇳🇿 · S. K. Agarwalla🇺🇸 · J. A. Aguilar🇧🇪 · M. Ahlers🇩🇰 · J.M. Alameddine🇩🇪 · N. M. Amin🇺🇸 · K. Andeen🇺🇸 · C. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Y. Ashida🇺🇸 · S. Athanasiadou🇩🇪 and 410 other authors

    This Letter presents the result of a 3+1 sterile neutrino search using 10.7 years of IceCube data. We analyze atmospheric muon neutrinos that traverse the Earth with energies ranging from 0.5 to 100 TeV, incorporating significant improvements in modeling neutrino flux and detector response compared to earlier studies. Notably, for the first time, we categorize data into starting and through-going events, distinguishing neutrino interactions with vertices inside or outside the instrumented volume, to improve energy resolution. The best-fit point for a 3+1 model is found to be at ${\sin }^2(2{\theta }_{24})=0.16$ and $\Delta m_{41}^2=3.5$ eV${}^2$, which agrees with previous iterations of this study. The result is consistent with the null hypothesis of no sterile neutrinos with a p-value of 3.1\%.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2024)·51 citations
51. 51*

    Methods and stability tests associated with the sterile neutrino search using improved high-energy ${\nu }_{\mu }$ event reconstruction in IceCube

    IceCube Collaboration: R. Abbasi🇺🇸 · M. Ackermann🇩🇪 · J. Adams🇳🇿 · S. K. Agarwalla🇺🇸 · J. A. Aguilar🇪🇸 · M. Ahlers🇩🇰 · J.M. Alameddine🇩🇪 · N. M. Amin🇺🇸 · K. Andeen🇺🇸 · C. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Y. Ashida🇺🇸 · S. Athanasiadou🇩🇪 and 410 other authors

    We provide supporting details for the search for a 3+1 sterile neutrino using data collected over eleven years at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The analysis uses atmospheric muon-flavored neutrinos from 0.5 to 100\, TeV that traverse the Earth to reach the IceCube detector, and finds a best-fit point at ${\sin }^2(2{\theta }_{24})=0.16$ and $\Delta m_{41}^2=3.5$ eV${}^2$ with a goodness-of-fit p-value of 12\% and consistency with the null hypothesis of no oscillations to sterile neutrinos with a p-value of 3.1\%. Several improvements were made over past analyses, which are reviewed in this article, including upgrades to the reconstruction and the study of sources of systematic uncertainty. We provide details of the fit quality and discuss stability tests that split the data for separate samples, comparing results. We find that the fits are consistent between split data sets.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2024)·23 citations
52. 52*

    Superconducting multi-vortices and a novel BPS bound in chiral perturbation theory

    Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Marcela Lagos🇨🇱 · Aldo Vera🇨🇱

    We derive a novel BPS bound from chiral perturbation theory minimally coupled to electrodynamics at finite isospin chemical potential. At a critical value of the isospin chemical potential, a system of three first-order differential field equations (which implies the second-order field equations) for the gauge field and the hadronic profile can be derived from the requirement to saturate the bound. These BPS configurations represent magnetic multi-vortices with quantized flux supported by a superconducting current. The corresponding topological charge density is related to the magnetic flux density, but is screened by the hadronic profile. Such a screening effect allows to derive the maximal value of the magnetic field generated by these BPS magnetic vortices, being $B_{max}=2,04\times 10^{14}G$. The solution for a single BPS vortex is discussed in detail, and some physical consequences, together with the comparison with the magnetic vortices in the Ginzburg-Landau theory at critical coupling, are described.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·19 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.