Mon·Dec 18, 2023Monday·December 18, 2023

1. 01*

   Z and Higgs boson decays with doubly-charged scalars at one-loop: current constraints, future sensitivities, and application to lepton-triality models

   Gabriela Lichtenstein🇦🇺 · Michael A. Schmidt🇦🇺 · German Valencia🇦🇺 · Raymond R. Volkas🇦🇺

   We analyse the $Z$ and Higgs boson decays $Z\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ ($\ell =e,\mu ,\tau$), $H\to \gamma \gamma$ and $H\to Z\gamma$ that are induced at one-loop level in models with a doubly-charged isosinglet scalar. After discussing current constraints, we derive the parameter space that will be probed by the HL-LHC and the possible future colliders the ILC, CEPC and FCC. We then apply those constraints to lepton triality models which are based on a discrete $Z_3$ family symmetry and were recently studied in the context of charged-lepton flavour-violating processes at Belle II and the proposed ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{+}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}$ collider known as $\mu$TRISTAN. We find that the future constraints that can be imposed by $Z\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ on the lepton flavour conserving couplings of the triality models reduce the viable parameter space to probe lepton flavour violating processes. The constraints from Higgs boson decays are the first on the Higgs portal sector of the triality models.

   hep-phNPB(2025)·9 citations
2. 02*

   Electromagnetic probes for critical fluctuations of phase transitions in dense QCD

   Toru Nishimura🇯🇵 · Masakiyo Kitazawa🇯🇵 · Teiji Kunihiro🇯🇵

   We study how the dilepton production rates and electric conductivity are affected by the phase transition to color superconductivity and the QCD critical point. Effects of the soft modes associated with these phase transitions are incorporated through the photon self-energy called the Aslamazov-Larkin, Maki-Thompson, and density-of-states terms, which are responsible for the paraconductivity in metallic superconductors. We show that anomalous enhancements of the production rate in the low energy/momentum region and the conductivity occur around the respective critical points.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Systematic description of hadron's response to non-local QCD probes: Froissart-Gribov projections in analysis of deeply virtual Compton scattering

   Kirill M. Semenov-Tian-Shansky🇰🇷 · Paweł Sznajder🇵🇱

   We revisit the application of the Froissart-Gribov (FG) projections in the analysis of amplitudes for the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS), providing essential information on generalized parton distributions (GPDs). The pivotal role of these projections in a systematic description of a hadron's response to the string-like QCD probes characterised by different values of angular momentum $J$ is emphasised. For the first time, we establish a relationship between the FG projections and GPDs for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ targets, and we investigate these quantities in various GPD models. Finally, we provide the first numerical estimates for the FG projections based on the DVCS amplitudes directly extracted from experimental data. We argue the method of the FG projections deserves a broad application in the DVCS phenomenology.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·6 citations
4. 04*

   Gravitational form factors of the nucleon and one pion graviproduction in chiral EFT

   H. Alharazin🇩🇪

   In the framework of chiral effective field theory of delta resonances, nucleons and pions interacting with background gravitational field we calculate the gravitational form factors of the nucleon up to fourth order in the small scale expansion and obtain the long-range behavior of the corresponding contributions to the energy, spin, pressure and shear force distributions. By comparing nucleon gravitational form factors with and without delta contributions we conclude that explicit inclusion of deltas plays an important role. Next we explore the Lorentz structure of the $N\mapsto N\pi$ transition matrix element of the conserved symmetric energy-momentum tensor and introduce its parametrization in terms of twelve transition form factors. We use the chiral effective field theory to calculate the tree-order contributions to the gravitational transition form factors of the pion graviproduction off the nucleon up to third order.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·15 citations
5. 05*

   Study of a longitudinally expanding plasma with the 2PI effective action

   François Gelis🇫🇷 · Sigtryggur Hauksson🇫🇷

   A central question in heavy-ion collisions is how the initial far-from-equilibrium medium evolves and thermalizes while it undergoes a rapid longitudinal expansion. In this work we use the two-particle irreducible (2PI) effective action for the first time to consider this question, focusing on ${\varphi }^4$ scalar theory truncated at three loops. We calculate the momentum distribution of quasiparticles in the medium and show that isotropization takes place. We furthermore consider the thermal mass of quasiparticles and the importance of number-changing processes.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
6. 06*

   The rise and fall of light stops in the LHC top quark sample

   Emanuele Bagnaschi🇨🇭 · Gennaro Corcella🇮🇹 · Roberto Franceschini🇮🇹 · Dibyashree Sengupta🇮🇹

   We discuss the possibility that light new physics in the top quark sample at the LHC can be found by investigating with greater care well known kinematic distributions, such as the invariant mass $m_{b\ell }$ of the $b$-jet and the charged lepton in fully leptonic $t\bar{t}$ events. We demonstrate that new physics can be probed in the rising part of the already measured $m_{b\ell }$ distribution. To this end we analyze a concrete supersymmetric scenario with light right-handed stop quark, chargino and neutralino. The corresponding spectra are characterized by small mass differences, which make them not yet excluded by current LHC searches and give rise to a specific end-point in the shape of the $m_{b\ell }$ distribution. We argue that this sharp feature is general for models of light new physics that have so far escaped the LHC searches and can offer a precious handle for the implementation of robust searches that exploit, rather than suffer from, soft bottom quarks and leptons. Recasting public data on searches for new physics, we identify candidate models that are not yet excluded. For these models we study the $m_{b\ell }$ distribution and derive the expected signal yields, finding that there is untapped potential for discovery of new physics using the $m_{b\ell }$ distribution.

   hep-phhep-exPRL(2024)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Extra Dimensions Beyond the Horizon

   Jeffrey Kuntz🇩🇪 · Andreas Trautner🇩🇪

   We discuss an extra-dimensional braneworld with a 5th dimension compactified on a circle. As a characteristic feature, the warp factor is hyperbolic and separates the hidden and visible branes by a bulk horizon without a singularity. The two most widely separated scales of 4D physics - the 4D Planck mass and 4D cosmological constant - are determined by two physical scales in the extra dimension, namely: $(i)$ the proper size of the extra dimension, $R$, and, $(ii)$ the distance between the visible brane and the horizon, $R_0$. A realistic scale hierarchy between 4D Planck mass and 4D cosmological constant is obtained for $R/R_0\sim 2.34$. The usual fine tuning is not reduced but promoted to a fine tuning of two separate brane energy densities that must approach the fundamental scale of the model with very high precision. Our scenario is based on an exact solution to the 5D Einstein equations with a strictly empty bulk and Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric on the 4D branes. This requires positive 4D brane energy densities and describes an adiabatic runaway solution in agreement with the de Sitter swampland conjecture. The Kaluza-Klein (KK) graviton states are solutions of a modified Pöschl-Teller potential which permits a discrete graviton spectrum of exactly two modes. In addition to the usual massless graviton, our scenario predicts an extra massive spin-2 graviton with a mass gap of $m_1=\sqrt{2}{H}_0\approx 2\times 10^{-33}\mathrm{eV}$ which might be detectable in the foreseeable future. A KK tower of gravitons, or a possible continuum of massive graviton states, is prohibited by unitarity with respect to the horizon. We discuss hurdles in turning this model into a realistic cosmology at all times, which points us towards 4D brane tensions that that must be raising towards the fundamental scale of the model, while the observable 4D expansion rate is decreasing.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th0 citations
8. 08*

   Fresh look at the LHC limits on scalar leptoquarks

   Arvind Bhaskar🇮🇳 · Arijit Das🇮🇳 · Tanumoy Mandal🇮🇳 · Subhadip Mitra🇮🇳 · Rachit Sharma🇮🇳

   The scalar-leptoquark (sLQ) parameter space is well explored experimentally. The direct pair production searches at the LHC have excluded light sLQs almost model agnostically, and the high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dilepton tail data have put strong bounds on the leptoquark-quark-lepton Yukawa couplings for a wide range of sLQ masses. However, these do not show the complete picture. Previously, Mandal \emph{et al.} [Single productions of colored particles at the LHC: An example with scalar leptoquarks, \href{https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2015)028}{J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2015) 028}] showed how the dilepton-dijet data from the pair production searches could give strong limits on these couplings. This was possible by including the single-production contribution to the dilepton-dijet signal. In this paper, we take a fresh look at the LHC limits on all sLQs by following the same principle and combine all significant contributions -- from pair and single productions, $t$-channel sLQ exchange and its interference with the Standard Model background -- to the $\mu \mu jj$ final state and recast the limits. We notice that the sLQ exchange and its interference with the background processes play significant roles in the limits. The $\mu \mu jj$-recast limits are comparable to or, in some cases, significantly better than the currently known limits (from high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dilepton data and direct searches), i.e., the LHC data rules out more parameter space than what is considered in the current literature. For the first time, we also show how including the QED processes can noticeably improve the sLQ mass exclusion limits from the QCD-only limits.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·16 citations
9. 09*

   A case study of SMEFT $\mathcal{O}(1/{\Lambda }^4)$ effects in diboson processes: $pp\to W^{\pm }({\ell }^{\pm }\nu )\gamma$

   Adam Martin🇺🇸

   In this paper we explore $pp\to W^{\pm }({\ell }^{\pm }\nu )\gamma$ to $\mathcal{O}(1/{\Lambda }^4)$ in the SMEFT expansion. Calculations to this order are necessary to properly capture SMEFT contributions that grow with energy, as the interference between energy-enhanced SMEFT effects at $\mathcal{O}(1/{\Lambda }^2)$ and the Standard Model is suppressed. We find that there are several dimension eight operators that interfere with the Standard Model and lead to the same energy growth, $\sim \mathcal{O}(E^4/{\Lambda }^4)$, as dimension six squared. While energy-enhanced SMEFT contributions are a main focus, our calculation includes the complete set of $\mathcal{O}(1/{\Lambda }^4)$ SMEFT effects consistent with $U(3{)}^5$ flavor symmetry. Additionally, we include the decay of the $W^{\pm }\to {\ell }^{\pm }\nu$, making the calculation actually $\bar{q}{q}^{\prime }\to {\ell }^{\pm }\nu \gamma$. As such, we are able to study the impact of non-resonant SMEFT operators, such as $(L^{†}{\bar{\sigma }}^{\mu }{\tau }^{I}L)(Q^{†}{\bar{\sigma }}^{\nu }{\tau }^{I}Q)B_{\mu \nu }$, which contribute to $\bar{q}{q}^{\prime }\to {\ell }^{\pm }\nu \gamma$ directly and not to $\bar{q}{q}^{\prime }\to W^{\pm }\gamma$. We show several distributions to illustrate the shape differences of the different contributions.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·13 citations
10. 10*

    Employing Approximate Symmetries for Hidden Pole Extraction

    Anuvind Asokan🇩🇪

    Recent lattice analyses of the $D\pi$ scattering by Hadron Spectrum Collaboration(HadSpec) report only one pole in the $D_0^{\ast }$ channel. This is in odds with the unitarised chiral perturbation theory analyses, which predict the $D_0^{\ast }(2300)$ as the interplay of two poles. We provide an explanation for this contradiction $-$ the exsistence of a hidden pole. We further show that the hidden pole can be better extracted from the lattice data by imposing SU(3) flavour constraints on the fitting amplitudes.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latNuovo Cim.C(2024)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Top-Bottom Interference Contribution to Fully-Inclusive Higgs Production

    Michał Czakon🇩🇪 · Felix Eschment🇩🇪 · Marco Niggetiedt🇩🇪 · Rene Poncelet🇵🇱 · Tom Schellenberger🇩🇪

    We evaluate the top-bottom interference contribution to the fully-inclusive Higgs production cross section at next-to-next-to-leading order in QCD. Although bottom-quark-mass effects are power-suppressed, the accuracy of state-of-the-art theory predictions makes an exact determination of this effect indispensable. The total effect of the interference at 13 TeV is $-1.99(1{)}_{-0.15}^{+0.30}$ pb, while the pure $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^4)$ correction is 0.43 pb. With this result, we address one of the leading theory uncertainties of the cross section.

    hep-phPRL(2024)·16 citations
12. 12*

    Prediction of the bubble wall velocity for a large jump in degrees of freedom

    Mikel Sanchez-Garitaonandia🇫🇷 · Jorinde van de Vis🇳🇱

    The bubble expansion velocity is an important parameter in the prediction of gravitational waves from first order phase transitions. This parameter is difficult to compute, especially in phase transitions in strongly coupled theories. In this work, we present a method to estimate the wall velocity for phase transitions with a large enthalpy jump, valid for weakly and strongly coupled theories. We find that detonations are disfavored in this limit, but wall velocities are not necessarily small. We also investigate the effect of two other features in the equation of state: non-conformal sound speeds and a limited range of temperatures for which the phases exist. We find that the former can increase the wall velocity for a given nucleation temperature, and the latter can restrict the wall velocities to small values. To test our approach, we use holographic phase transitions, which typically display these three features. We find excellent agreement with numerically obtained values of the wall velocity. We also demonstrate that the implications for gravitational waves can be significant.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2024)·32 citations
13. 13*

    One loop QCD corrections to $gg\to t\overline{t}H$ at $\mathcal{O}({ϵ}^2)$

    Federico Buccioni🇩🇪 · Philipp Alexander Kreer🇩🇪 · Xiao Liu🇬🇧 · Lorenzo Tancredi🇩🇪

    We compute the one-loop corrections to \tth up to order $\mathcal{O}({ϵ}^2)$ in the dimensional regularization parameter. We apply the projector method to compute polarized amplitudes, which generalize massless helicity amplitudes to the massive case. We employ a semi-numerical strategy to evaluate the scattering amplitudes. We express the form factors through scalar integrals analytically, and obtain separately integration by parts reduction identities in compact form. We integrate numerically the corresponding master integrals with an enhanced implementation of the Auxiliary Mass Flow algorithm. Using a numerical fit method, we concatenate the analytic and the numeric results, to obtain fast and reliable evaluation of the scattering amplitude. This approach improves numerical stability and evaluation time. Our results are implemented in the \texttt{Mathematica} package \texttt{TTH}.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·26 citations
14. 14*

    Hydrodynamization of charm quarks in heavy-ion collisions

    Federica Capellino🇩🇪 · Andrea Dubla🇩🇪 · Stefan Floerchinger🇩🇪 · Eduardo Grossi🇮🇹 · Andreas Kirchner🇹🇼 · Silvia Masciocchi🇩🇪

    Heavy quarks (i.e. charm and beauty) in heavy-ion collisions are initially produced out of kinetic equilibrium via hard partonic scattering processes. However, recent measurements of anisotropic flow of charmed hadrons pose the question regarding the thermalization of heavy quarks in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Exploiting a mapping between transport theory and fluid dynamics, we develop a fluid-dynamic description for charm quarks and show results for charm-hadron momentum distributions. Inspired by recent Lattice-QCD (LQCD) calculations, we show that a late hydrodynamization within the lifetime of the QGP is possible also for beauty quarks.

    hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Determination of the $D\to \pi \pi$ ratio of penguin over tree diagrams

    Margarita Gavrilova🇺🇸 · Yuval Grossman🇺🇸 · Stefan Schacht🇬🇧

    We study the penguin over tree ratio in $D\to \pi \pi$ decays. This ratio can serve as a probe for rescattering effects. Assuming the Standard Model and in the isospin limit, we derive expressions that relate both the magnitude and the phase of this ratio to direct CP asymmetries and branching fractions. We find that the current data suggest that rescattering is large. A dedicated experimental analysis with current and future data will be able to significantly reduce the errors on these determinations, and enable us to check if indeed there is significant rescattering in $D\to \pi \pi$ decays.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·26 citations
16. 16*

    Interpretable deep learning models for the inference and classification of LHC data

    Vishal S. Ngairangbam🇮🇳 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    The Shower Deconstruction methodology is pivotal in distinguishing signal and background jets, leveraging the detailed information from perturbative parton showers. Rooted in the Neyman-Pearson lemma, this method is theoretically designed to differentiate between signal and background processes optimally in high-energy physics experiments. A key challenge, however, arises from the combinatorial growth associated with increasing jet constituents, which hampers its computational feasibility. We address this by demonstrating that the likelihood derived from comparing the most probable signal and background shower histories is equally effective for discrimination as the conventional approach of summing over all potential histories in top quark versus Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) scenarios. We propose a novel approach by conceptualising the identification of the most probable shower history as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Utilising a sophisticated modular point-transformer architecture, our method efficiently learns the optimal policy for this task. The developed neural agent excels in constructing the most likely shower history and demonstrates robust generalisation capabilities on unencountered test data. Remarkably, our approach mitigates the complexity inherent in the inference process, achieving a linear scaling relationship with the number of jet constituents. This offers a computationally viable and theoretically sound method for signal-background differentiation, paving the way for more effective data analysis in particle physics.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·12 citations
17. 17*

    Heavy-flavor transport and hadronization in a small fireball

    Andrea Beraudo🇮🇹 · Arturo De Pace🇮🇹 · Daniel Pablos🇮🇹 · Francesco Prino🇮🇹 · Marco Monteno🇮🇹 · Marzia Nardi🇮🇹

    We study heavy-flavor hadron production in high-energy pp collisions, assuming the formation of a small, deconfined and expanding fireball where charm quarks can undergo rescattering and hadronization. We adopt the same in-medium hadronization mechanism developed for heavy-ion collisions, which involves Local Color-Neutralization (LCN) through recombination of charm quarks with nearby opposite color charges from the background fireball. Diquark excitations in the hot medium favor the formation of charmed baryons. The recombination process, involving closely aligned partons from the same fluid cell, effectively transfers the collective flow of the system to the final charmed hadrons. This framework can qualitatively reproduce the observed experimental findings in heavy-flavor particle-yield ratios, $p_T$-spectra and elliptic-flow coefficients. Our results provide new, complementary support to the idea that the collective phenomena observed in small systems have the same origin as those observed in heavy-ion collisions.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
18. 18*

    On the Late-Time Evolution of Velocity-Dependent Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos

    Sophia Gad-Nasr🇺🇸 · Kimberly K. Boddy🇺🇸 · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸 · Nadav Joseph Outmezguine🇺🇸 · Laura Sagunski🇩🇪

    We study the evolution of isolated self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos that undergo gravothermal collapse and are driven deep into the short-mean-free-path regime. We assume spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) halos as initial conditions and allow for elastic dark matter self-interactions. We discuss the structure of the halo core deep in the core-collapsed regime and how it depends on the particle physics properties of dark matter, in particular, the velocity dependence of the self-interaction cross section. We find an approximate universality deep in this regime that allows us to connect the evolution in the short- and long-mean-free-path regimes, and approximately map the velocity-dependent self-interaction cross sections to constant ones for the full gravothermal evolution. We provide a semi-analytic prescription based on our numerical results for halo evolution deep in the core-collapsed regime. Our results are essential for estimating the masses of the black holes that are likely to be left in the core of SIDM halos.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2024)·30 citations
19. 19*

    The effects of pseudorapidity-dependent observables on (3+1)D Bayesian Inference of relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

    This proceeding highlights the effects of pseudorapidity-dependent charged hadron observables $d{N}^{\mathrm{ch}}/d\eta$ and $v_2^{\mathrm{ch}}(\eta )$ in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV on constraining the initial-state nuclear stopping for the beam remnants and the effective QGP specific shear viscosity in a recent Bayesian inference analysis using an event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics + hadronic transport theoretical framework.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Bulk viscosity transport coefficients in neutron star mergers

    Yumu Yang🇺🇸 · Mauricio Hippert🇺🇸 · Enrico Speranza🇨🇭 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We compute first and second-order bulk-viscous transport properties due to weak-interaction processes in $npe$ matter in the neutrino transparent regime. The transport coefficients characterize the out-of-beta-equilibrium pressure corrections, which depend on the weak-interaction rates and the equation of state. We calculate these coefficients for realistic equations of state and show they are sensitive to changes in the nuclear symmetry energy $J$ and its slope $L$.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·3 citations
21. 21*

    Fermionic quartet and vestigial gravity

    G.E. Volovik🇫🇮

    We discuss the two-step transitions in superconductors, where the intermediate state between the Cooper pair state and the normal metal is the 4-fermion condensate, which is called the intertwined vestigial order. We discuss different types of the vestigial order, which are possible in the spin-triplet superfluid ${}^3$He, and the topological objects in the vestigial phases. Since in ${}^3$He the order parameter $A_{\alpha i}$ represents the analog of gravitational tetrads, we suggest that the vestigial states are possible in quantum gravity. As in superconductors, the fermionic vacuum can experience two consequent phase transitions. At first transition the metric appears as the bilinear combination of tetrads $g_{\mu \nu }={\eta }_{ab}<{\hat{E}}_{\mu }^a{\hat{E}}_{\nu }^b>$, while the tetrad order parameter is still absent, $e_{\mu }^a=<{\hat{E}}_{\mu }^a>=0$. This corresponds to the bosonic Einstein general relativity, which emerges in the fermionic vacuum. The nonzero tetrads $e_{\mu }^a=<{\hat{E}}_{\mu }^a>\ne 0$ appear at the second transition, where a kind of the Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble tetrad gravity is formed. This suggests that on the levels of particles, gravity acts with different strength on fermions and bosons.

    ↳ cond-mat.othergr-qchep-phPisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.(2024)·7 citations
22. 22*

    QCD at finite temperature and density: Criticality

    Volodymyr Vovchenko🇺🇸

    We overview recent theoretical developments in the search for QCD critical point at finite temperature and density, including from lattice QCD, effective QCD theories, and proton number cumulants in heavy-ion collisions. We summarize the available constraints and predictions for the critical point location and discuss future challenges and opportunities.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·5 citations
23. 23*

    Electromagnetic field in a cavity induced by gravitational waves

    Danho Ahn · Yeong-Bok Bae · Sang Hui Im🇰🇷 · Chan Park

    The detection method of gravitational waves (GW) using electromagnetic (EM) cavities has garnered significant attention in recent years. This paper thoroughly examines the analysis for the perturbation of the EM field and raises some issues in the existing literature. Our work demonstrates that the rigidity condition imposed on the material, as provided in the literature, is inappropriate due to its reliance on a gauge-dependent quantity that cannot be controlled experimentally. Instead, we incorporate elasticity into the material and revise the governing equations for the electric field induced by GWs, expressing them solely in terms of gauge-invariant quantities. Applying these equations to cylindrical cavities, we present the GW antenna patterns for the detector.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
24. 24*

    Deep Generative Models for Detector Signature Simulation: A Taxonomic Review

    Baran Hashemi🇩🇪 · Claudius Krause🇦🇹

    In modern collider experiments, the quest to explore fundamental interactions between elementary particles has reached unparalleled levels of precision. Signatures from particle physics detectors are low-level objects (such as energy depositions or tracks) encoding the physics of collisions (the final state particles of hard scattering interactions). The complete simulation of them in a detector is a computational and storage-intensive task. To address this computational bottleneck in particle physics, alternative approaches have been developed, introducing additional assumptions and trade off accuracy for speed.The field has seen a surge in interest in surrogate modeling the detector simulation, fueled by the advancements in deep generative models. These models aim to generate responses that are statistically identical to the observed data. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive and exhaustive taxonomic review of the existing literature on the simulation of detector signatures from both methodological and application-wise perspectives. Initially, we formulate the problem of detector signature simulation and discuss its different variations that can be unified. Next, we classify the state-of-the-art methods into five distinct categories based on their underlying model architectures, summarizing their respective generation strategies. Finally, we shed light on the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in detector signature simulation, setting the stage for future research and development.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph+1Rev.Phys.(2024)·51 citations
25. 25*

    Analytic Formulae for Inflationary Correlators with Dynamical Mass

    Shuntaro Aoki🇰🇷 · Toshifumi Noumi🇯🇵 · Fumiya Sano🇯🇵 · Masahide Yamaguchi🇯🇵

    Massive fields can imprint unique oscillatory features on primordial correlation functions or inflationary correlators, which is dubbed the cosmological collider signal. In this work, we analytically investigate the effects of a time-dependent mass of a scalar field on inflationary correlators, extending previous numerical studies and implementing techniques developed in the cosmological bootstrap program. The time-dependent mass is in general induced by couplings to the slow-roll inflaton background, with particularly significant effects in the case of non-derivative couplings. By linearly approximating the time dependence, the mode function of the massive scalar is computed analytically, on which we derive analytic formulae for two-, three-, and four-point correlators with the tree-level exchange of the massive scalar. The obtained formulae are utilized to discuss the phenomenological impacts on the power spectrum and bispectrum, and it is found that the scaling behavior of the bispectrum in the squeezed configuration, i.e., the cosmological collider signal, is modified from a time-dependent Boltzmann suppression. By investigating the scaling behavior in detail, we are in principle able to determine the non-derivative couplings between the inflaton and the massive particle.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·26 citations
26. 26*

    Location of the QCD critical point predicted by holographic Bayesian analysis

    Mauricio Hippert🇺🇸 · Joaquin Grefa🇺🇸 · T. Andrew Manning🇺🇸 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸 · Jacquelyn Noronha-Hostler🇺🇸 · Israel Portillo Vazquez🇺🇸 · Claudia Ratti🇺🇸 · Rômulo Rougemont🇧🇷 · Michael Trujillo🇺🇸

    We present results for a Bayesian analysis of the location of the QCD critical point constrained by first-principles lattice QCD results at zero baryon density. We employ a holographic Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton model of the QCD equation of state, capable of reproducing the latest lattice QCD results at zero and finite baryon chemical potential. Our analysis is carried out for two different parametrizations of this model, resulting in confidence intervals for the critical point location that overlap at one sigma. While samples of the prior distribution may not even predict a critical point, or produce critical points spread around a large region of the phase diagram, posterior samples nearly always present a critical point at chemical potentials of ${\mu }_{Bc}\sim 550-630$ MeV.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Non-gravitational signals of dark energy under a gauge symmetry

    Kunio Kaneta🇯🇵 · Hye-Sung Lee🇰🇷 · Jiheon Lee🇰🇷 · Jaeok Yi🇰🇷

    We investigate non-gravitational signals of dark energy within the framework of gauge symmetry in the dark energy sector. Traditionally, dark energy has been primarily studied through gravitational effects within general relativity or its extensions. On the other hand, the gauge principles have played a central role in the standard model sector and dark matter sector. If the dark energy field operates under a gauge symmetry, it introduces the possibility of studying all major components of the present universe under the same gauge principle. This approach marks a significant shift from conventional methodologies, offering a new avenue to explore dark energy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·3 citations
28. 28*

    Collective Dynamics -- theoretical overview

    Yuuka Kanakubo🇫🇮

    I overview the recent progress of phenomenological studies exploring collective dynamics in relativistic nuclear collisions to understand various QCD properties. Originally, collectivity was interpreted as a manifestation of the hydrodynamic behaviour of the QGP as a response to the initial collision geometry. Over the past decade, however, particularly following the experimental observation of collectivity in small colliding systems, pioneering studies have demonstrated the possibility of other interpretations. In this talk, I highlight recent studies aimed at understanding various QCD properties at different collision stages through the lens of collectivity and emphasize the importance of establishing Monte Carlo event generators for relativistic nuclear collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
29. 29*

    Towards the full Heisenberg-Euler effective action at large $N$

    Felix Karbstein🇩🇪

    We study the Heisenberg-Euler effective action in constant electromagnetic fields $\bar{F}$ for QED with $N$ charged particle flavors of the same mass and charge $e$ in the large $N$ limit characterized by sending $N\to \infty$ while keeping $N{e}^2\sim e\bar{F}\sim N^0$ fixed. This immediately implies that contributions that scale with inverse powers of $N$ can be neglected and the resulting effective action scales linearly with $N$. Interestingly, due to the presence of one-particle reducible diagrams, even in this limit the Heisenberg-Euler effective action receives contributions of arbitrary loop order. In particular for the special cases of electric- and magnetic-like field configurations we construct an explicit expression for the associated effective Lagrangian that, upon extremization for two constant scalar coefficients, allows to evaluate its full, all-order result at arbitrarily large field strengths. We demonstrate that our manifestly nonperturbative expression correctly reproduces the known results for the Heisenberg-Euler effective action at large $N$, namely its all-loop strong field limit and its low-order perturbative expansion in powers of the fine-structure constant.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·4 citations
30. 30*

    A new causal and stable theory of viscous chiral hydrodynamics

    Nick Abboud🇺🇸 · Enrico Speranza🇨🇭 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    We construct the general theory of first-order relativistic hydrodynamics for a fluid exhibiting a chiral anomaly, including all possible viscous terms allowed by symmetry. Using standard techniques, we compute the necessary and sufficient conditions for this theory to be relativistically causal in the nonlinear regime and for thermal equilibria to be linearly stable. This is the first theory of first-order chiral hydrodynamics suitable for numerical simulations.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
31. 31*

    A strategy for B-physics observables in the continuum limit

    Alessandro Conigli🇩🇪 · Julien Frison🇩🇪 · Patrick Fritzsch🇮🇪 · Antoine Gérardin🇫🇷 · Jochen Heitger🇩🇪 · Gregorio Herdoiza🇪🇸 · Simon Kuberski🇨🇭 · Carlos Pena🇪🇸 · Hubert Simma🇩🇪 · Rainer Sommer🇩🇪

    In a somewhat forgotten paper [1] it was shown how to perform interpolations between relativistic and static computations in order to obtain results for heavy-light observables for masses from, say, $m_{\mathrm{charm}}$ to $m_{\mathrm{bottom}}$. All quantities are first continuum extrapolated and then interpolated in $1/m_h=1/m_{\mathrm{heavy}}$. Large volume computations are combined with finite volume ones where a relativistic bottom quark is accessible with small $a{m}_{\mathrm{bottom}}$. We discuss how this strategy is extended to semi-leptonic form factors and other quantities of phenomenological interest. The essential point is to form quantities where the limit $m_h\to \infty$ is approached with power corrections O$(1/m_h)$ only. Perturbative corrections $\sim {\alpha }_s(m_h{)}^{\gamma +n}$ are cancelled in the construction of the observables. We also point out how such an approach can help to control systematics in semi-leptonic decays with just large volume data. First numerical results with $N_f=2+1$ and lattice spacings down to 0.039 fm are presented in [2].

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·9 citations
32. 32*

    Quark matter and nuclear astrophysics: recent developments

    Tyler Gorda🇩🇪

    Does deconfined cold quark matter occur in nature? This is currently one of the fundamental open questions in nuclear astrophysics. In these proceedings, I review the current state-of-the-art techniques to address this question in a model-agnostic manner, by synthesizing inputs from astrophysical observations of neutron stars and their binary mergers, and first-principles calculations within nuclear and particle theory. I highlight recent improvements in perturbative calculations in asymptotically dense cold quark matter, as well as compelling evidence for a conformalizing transition within the cores of massive neutron stars.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
33. 33*

    $m_B$ and $f_{B^{(\star )}}$ in $2+1$ flavour QCD from a combination of continuum limit static and relativistic results

    Alessandro Conigli🇪🇸 · Julien Frison🇩🇪 · Patrick Fritzsch🇮🇪 · Antoine Gérardin🇫🇷 · Jochen Heitger🇩🇪 · Gregorio Herdoiza🇪🇸 · Simon Kuberski🇨🇭 · Carlos Pena🇪🇸 · Hubert Simma🇩🇪 · Rainer Sommer🇩🇪

    We present preliminary results for B-physics from a combination of non-perturbative results in the static limit with relativistic computations satisfying $a{m}_{\mathrm{heavy}}\ll 1$. Relativistic measurements are carried out at the physical b-quark mass using the Schrödinger Functional in a $0.5\mathrm{fm}$ box. They are connected to large volume observables through step scaling functions that trace the mass dependence between the physical charm region and the static limit, such that B-physics results can be obtained by interpolation; the procedure is designed to exactly cancel the troublesome ${\alpha }_s(m_{\mathrm{heavy}}{)}^{n+\gamma }$ corrections to large mass scaling. Large volume computations for both static and relativistic quantities use CLS $N_f=2+1$ ensembles at $m_u=m_d=m_s$, and with five values of the lattice spacing down to $0.039$ fm. Our preliminary results for the b-quark mass and leptonic decay constants have competitive uncertainties, which are furthermore dominated by statistics, allowing for substantial future improvement. Here we focus on numerical results, while the underlying strategy is discussed in a companion contribution.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·10 citations
34. 34*

    Studying short-range nuclear correlations using relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Matthew Luzum🇧🇷 · João Paulo Picchetti🇧🇷 · Mauricio Hippert🇺🇸 · Jean-Yves Ollitrault🇫🇷

    Recently, a method was developed for implementing arbitrary short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations in Monte Carlo sampled nuclei (as well as deformations of the 1-body nuclear density). We use this method to implement realistic 2-body correlations in a sample of nuclei for use in simulations of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and we quantify the statistical benefits. These results demonstrate that the method can be used to easily implement an arbitrary correlation function, and systematically study the effects of correlations using significantly less resources than is necessary with traditional methods.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·1 citation
35. 35*

    Improving new physics searches with diffusion models for event observables and jet constituents

    Debajyoti Sengupta🇨🇭 · Matthew Leigh🇨🇭 · John Andrew Raine🇨🇭 · Samuel Klein🇨🇭 · Tobias Golling🇨🇭

    We introduce a new technique called Drapes to enhance the sensitivity in searches for new physics at the LHC. By training diffusion models on side-band data, we show how background templates for the signal region can be generated either directly from noise, or by partially applying the diffusion process to existing data. In the partial diffusion case, data can be drawn from side-band regions, with the inverse diffusion performed for new target conditional values, or from the signal region, preserving the distribution over the conditional property that defines the signal region. We apply this technique to the hunt for resonances using the LHCO di-jet dataset, and achieve state-of-the-art performance for background template generation using high level input features. We also show how Drapes can be applied to low level inputs with jet constituents, reducing the model dependence on the choice of input observables. Using jet constituents we can further improve sensitivity to the signal process, but observe a loss in performance where the signal significance before applying any selection is below 4$\sigma$.

    ↳ physics.data-ancs.LGhep-exhep-phJHEP(2024)·24 citations
36. 36*

    Constraints on the spectrum of field theories with non-integer $O(N)$ symmetry from quantum evanescence

    Weiguang Cao🇯🇵 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸 · Tom Melia🇯🇵

    We identify constraints in the energy spectra of quantum theories that have a global $O(N)$ symmetry, where $N$ is treated as a continuous parameter. We point out that a class of evanescent states fall out of the spectrum at integer values of $N$ in pairs, via an annihilation mechanism. This forces the energies of the states in such a pair to approach equality as $N$ approaches a certain integer, with both states disappearing at precisely integer $N$ and the point of would-be degeneracy. These constraints occur between different irreducible representations of the analytic continuation of $O(N)$ and hold non-perturbatively. We give examples in the spectra of the critical $O(N)$ model.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elhep-ph+1SciPost Phys.Core(2024)·8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.