Fri·Dec 15, 2023Friday·December 15, 2023

1. 01*

   Earth-Catalyzed Detection of Magnetic Inelastic Dark Matter with Photons in Large Underground Detectors

   Joshua Eby🇸🇪 · Patrick J. Fox🇺🇸 · Graham D. Kribs🇺🇸

   Inelastic dark matter with moderate splittings, $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{few}\mathrm{to}150)$ keV, can upscatter to an excited state in the Earth, with the excited state subsequently decaying, leaving a distinctive monoenergetic photon signal in large underground detectors. The photon signal can exhibit sidereal-daily modulation, providing excellent separation from backgrounds. Using a detailed numerical simulation, we examine this process as a search strategy for magnetic inelastic dark matter with the dark matter mass near the weak scale, where the upscatter to the excited state and decay proceed through the same magnetic dipole transition operator. At lower inelastic splittings, the scattering is dominated by moderate mass elements in the Earth with high spin, especially ${}^{27}$Al, while at larger splittings, ${}^{56}$Fe becomes the dominant target. We show that the proposed large volume gaseous detector CYGNUS will have excellent sensitivity to this signal. Xenon detectors also provide excellent sensitivity through the inelastic nuclear recoil signal, and if a future signal is seen, we show that the synergy among both types of detection can provide strong evidence for magnetic inelastic dark matter. In the course we have calculated nuclear response functions for elements relevant for scattering in the Earth, which are publicly available on GitHub.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·13 citations
2. 02*

   A novel search strategy for right-handed charged gauge bosons at the Large Hadron Collider

   Mariana Frank🇨🇦 · Benjamin Fuks🇫🇷 · Adil Jueid🇰🇷 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Ozer Ozdal🇨🇦

   We explore the potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in detecting a signal originating from the production of a heavy $SU(2{)}_R$ charged gauge boson that then decays into a top-bottom quark pair via the mediation of a right-handed neutrino, $pp\to W_R\to N_R\ell \to ({\ell }^{\prime }tb)\ell$. Such a channel, that we study in the context of the minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model, contrasts with conventional smoking-gun signatures targeted experimentally and phenomenologically in which only light quarks are involved. We propose a selection strategy aimed at extracting such a top-bottom signal and we estimate the resulting sensitivity of the LHC to the model. Our results demonstrate the potential impact of such a search and we therefore urge the experimental collaborations to carry out a similar analysis in the light of present and future data.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·13 citations
3. 03*

   New physics search with the new gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ of the bestest little Higgs model at the muon collider

   A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez🇲🇽 · E. Cruz-Albaro🇲🇽 · D. Espinosa-Gómez🇲🇽 · T. Cisneros-Pérez🇲🇽 · David A. Pérez-Carlos🇲🇽

   The Bestest Little Higgs Model (BLHM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years, mainly because it can explain the hierarchy problem without fine-tuning by introducing one-loop corrections to the Higgs boson mass through heavy top quark partners and heavy gauge bosons. In the context of this new model, we exhaustively investigated the impact of the BLHM parameters on the Higgs-strahlung production processes ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}\to Z^{\prime }{h}_0$ and ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}\to Z^{\prime }{H}_0$, where $Z^{\prime }$ and $H_0$ represent a new heavy gauge boson and a new heavy Higgs boson, respectively. We consider the integrated luminosities of $\mathcal{L}=2000,20000$ $\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$ and the respective center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=3000,10000$ GeV projected for a future muon collider to estimate the number of expected Higgs boson production events $h_0$ or $H_0$ in association with a new gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ at the muon collider. In addition, we derive and present the Feynman rules for scalars ($h_0,H_0,{\varphi }^0,{\eta }^0,\sigma ,H^{\pm },{\varphi }^{\pm },{\eta }^{\pm },A_0$) and include the self-interactions of Higgs bosons.

   hep-phNPB(2025)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Symmetries, Spin-2 Scattering Amplitudes, and Equivalence theorems in Warped Five-Dimensional Gravitational Theories

   R. Sekhar Chivukula🇺🇸 · Joshua A. Gill🇦🇺 · Kirtimaan A. Mohan🇺🇸 · Dipan Sengupta🇦🇺 · Elizabeth H. Simmons🇺🇸 · Xing Wang🇺🇸

   Building on work by Hang and He, we show how the residual five-dimensional diffeomorphism symmetries of compactified gravitational theories with a warped extra dimension imply Equivalence theorems which ensure that the scattering amplitudes of helicity-0 and helicity-1 spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states equal (to leading order in scattering energy) those of the corresponding Goldstone bosons present in the `t-Hooft-Feynman gauge. We derive a set of Ward identities that lead to a transparent power-counting of the scattering amplitudes involving spin-2 Kaluza-Klein states. We explicitly calculate these amplitudes in terms of the Goldstone bosons in the Randall-Sundrum model, check the correspondence to previous unitary-gauge computations, and demonstrate the efficacy of `t-Hooft-Feynman gauge for accurately computing amplitudes for scattering of the spin-2 states both among themselves and with matter. Power-counting for the Goldstone boson interactions establishes that the scattering amplitudes grow no faster than $O(s)$, explaining the origin of the behavior previously shown to arise from intricate cancellations between different contributions to these scattering amplitudes in unitary gauge. We describe how our results apply to more general warped geometries, including models with a stabilized extra dimension. In an appendix we explicitly identify the symmetry algebra of the residual 5D diffeomorphisms of a Randall-Sundrum extra-dimensional theory.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thPRD(2024)·15 citations
5. 05*

   Electroweak Symmetry Breaking in Two Higgs Doublet Model from 6D Gauge-Higgs Unification on $T^2/Z_2$

   Kento Akamatsu🇯🇵 · Takuya Hirose🇯🇵 · Nobuhito Maru🇯🇵 · Akio Nago🇯🇵

   Electroweak symmetry breaking is explored in a two Higgs doublet model based on a six dimensional $SU(4)$ gauge-Higgs unification compactified on an orbifold $T^2/Z_2$. The remarkable property of this model is a prediction of realistic weak mixing angle ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W=1/4$ at the compactification scale. We calculate one-loop effective potential of the Standard Model Higgs boson from the contributions of the gauge boson and the fermion in a four-rank totally symmetric tensor where top quark is included. We find that the electroweak symmetry breaking certainly takes place.

   hep-phhep-th3 citations
6. 06*

   Harnessing the global correlations of the QCD power spectrum

   Keith Pedersen🇺🇸 · Mithila Mangedarage🇺🇸 · Zack Sullivan🇺🇸

   As multiplicity increases at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, an opportunity arises to explore the information contained in the full QCD power spectrum on an event-by-event basis. This paper lays the foundations for a framework to encode and extract the information contained in finite sampling of a QCD event.

   hep-ph1 citation
7. 07*

   The mass and spectral function of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in a hot and chirally imbalanced medium using the two-flavor NJL model

   Snigdha Ghosh🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳

   We explore the properties of neutral mesons within the context of a chirally imbalanced medium, employing the two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The temperature dependence of the constituent quark mass at finite values of the chiral chemical potential (CCP) demonstrates the well-established phenomena of chiral catalysis at lower temperatures and inverse chiral catalysis at higher temperatures. The polarization functions in both the scalar ($\sigma$) and pseudo-scalar (${\pi }^0$) channels have been evaluated using real time formalism of thermal field theory. These have been used to determine the masses and spectral functions of $\sigma$ and $\pi$ mesons. Detailed investigation of the analytic structure of the imaginary part of the polarization function for $\sigma$ and $\pi$ mesons results in the emergence of non-trivial Landau cut contributions due to the presence of chiral imbalance. The multiple solutions for the mass of the $\pi$ meson for specific values of CCP have been analysed on the basis of their residue at the pole. Furthermore, we have observed abrupt changes in the masses of both scalar and pseudo-scalar mesons at finite CCP values, particularly at higher temperatures. A decreasing trend in the Mott transition temperature is seen with the increase in CCP.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
8. 08*

   The small kt-region in Drell-Yan production at next-to-leading order with the Parton Branching Method

   I. Bubanja🇲🇪 · A. Bermudez Martinez🇨🇭 · L. Favart🇧🇪 · F. Guzman🇨🇺 · F. Hautmann🇨🇭 · H. Jung🇩🇪 · A. Lelek🇧🇪 · M. Mendizabal🇩🇪 · K. Moral Figueroa🇩🇪 · L. Moureaux🇩🇪 · N. Raicevic🇲🇪 · M. Seidel🇱🇻 · S. Taheri Monfared🇩🇪

   The Parton Branching (PB) method describes the evolution of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions, covering all kinematic regions from small to large transverse momenta kT. The small kT-region is very sensitive both to the contribution of the intrinsic motion of partons (intrinsic kT) and to the resummation of soft gluons taken into account by the PB TMD evolution equations. We study the role of soft-gluon emissions in TMD as well as integrated parton distributions. We perform a detailed investigation of the PB TMD methodology at next-to-leading order (NLO) in Drell-Yan (DY) production for low transverse momenta. We present the extraction of the nonperturbative "intrinsic-kT" distribution from recent measurements of DY transverse momentum distributions at the LHC across a wide range in DY masses, including a detailed treatment of statistical, correlated and uncorrelated uncertainties. We comment on the (in)dependence of intrinsic transverse momentum on DY mass and center-of-mass energy, and on the comparison with other approaches.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·39 citations
9. 09*

   Analysis of $T_{cc}$ and $T_{bb}$ based on the hadronic molecular model and their spin multiplets

   Manato Sakai🇯🇵 · Yasuhiro Yamaguchi🇯🇵

   ${T_{cc}(cc\bar{u}\bar{d})}^{+}$ has been reported by the LHCb experiment in 2022. The analysis using the Breit-Wigner parametrization found the small binding energy, $0.273$ MeV, which is measured from the threshold of $D^{\ast +}{D}^0$. In this paper, we consider $T_{cc}$ as a $D{D}^{\ast }$ hadronic molecule as a deuteron-like state. The one boson exchange model is employed as for the heavy meson interactions, where we determine the cut-off parameter $\Lambda$ to reproduce the reported binding energy of $T_{cc}$ with $I(J^P)=0(1^{+})$. We discuss the properties of the bound state, and also search for $T_{cc}$ with the quantum numbers other than $0(1^{+})$. Futhermore, we analyze $T_{bb}$ as a bottom counterpart of $T_{cc}$, which involves two bottom quarks, and obtain several bound states. Finally we consider the light-cloud basis for wave functions of the doubly heavy tetraquarks in the heavy quark limit. Using the basis, we find the spin multiplets of their bound states, indicating the spin structures of diquarks in $T_{cc}$ and $T_{bb}$ with the finite quark masses.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·28 citations
10. 10*

    The proton magnetic radius: a new puzzle?

    Yong-Hui Lin🇩🇪 · Hans-Werner Hammer🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

    We comment on the puzzling status of the proton magnetic radius determinations.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Sci.Bull.(2024)·8 citations
11. 11*

    $Z$-boson decays into $S$-wave quarkonium plus a photon up to $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s{v}^2)$ corrections

    Guang-Yu Wang🇨🇳 · Xu-Chang Zheng🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Guang-Zhi Xu🇨🇳

    In this paper, we calculate the decay widths and branching fractions for the decays $Z\to H+\gamma$ up to $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s{v}^2)$ accuracy within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD, where $H$ stands for the $S$-wave quarkonium ${\eta }_c$, $J/\psi$, ${\eta }_b$ or ${\rm Y}$, respectively. To compare with the leading-order terms, those corrections show good perturbative behavior as expected. It is found that contributions from the next-to-leading order QCD correction $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s{v}^0)$, the relativistic correction $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^0{v}^2)$ and their joint correction $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s{v}^2)$ are sizable and comparable to each other, especially for the charmonium case. Thus we need to take all of them into consideration for a sound estimation. For a high luminosity electron-positron collider running around the $Z$-pole, due to $Z$-boson resonance effect, sizable events could be produced from those rare decay channels.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Constraining 2HDM+S model through W-boson mass measurements

    Anza-Tshilidzi Mulaudzi🇿🇦 · Mukesh Kumar🇿🇦 · Ashok Goyal🇮🇳 · Bruce Mellado🇿🇦

    Following a discussion on $W$-boson mass observed at the CDF and ATLAS, we explore the parameter space allowed in the 2HDM+$S$ model. Further, the model parameter space is constrained through vector-like leptons via muon $g-2$ measurements. We show our results for additional scalar mass fixed to $m_S\approx 95$ and $150$~GeV keeping the standard Higgs-boson mass at 125~GeV in all four types of 2HDM+$S$ model. The chosen mass of the singlet scalar is motivated by the excesses seen at the CMS and ATLAS data in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

    hep-ph2 citations
13. 13*

    Global analysis of CP-violation in atoms, molecules and role of medium-heavy systems

    Konstantin Gaul🇩🇪 · Robert Berger🇩🇪

    Detection of parity (P) and time-reversal (T) symmetry-odd electric dipole moments (EDMs) within currently achievable resolution would evidence physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Via the CPT-theorem, which includes charge conjugation (C), such low-energy searches complement high-energy physics experiments that probe CP-violation up to the TeV scale. Heavy-elemental atoms and molecules are considered to be among the most promising candidates for a first direct detection of P,T-violation due to enhancement effects that increase steeply with increasing nuclear charge number $Z$. However, different P,T-odd sources on the subatomic level can contribute to molecular or atomic EDMs, which are target of measurements, and this complicates obtaining rigorous bounds on P,T-violation on a fundamental level. Consequently, several experiments of complementary sensitivity to these individual P,T-odd sources are required for this purpose. Herein, a simply-applicable qualitative model is developed for global analysis of the P,T-odd parameter space from an electronic-structure theory perspective. Rules of thumb are derived for the choice of atoms and molecules in terms of their angular momenta and nuclear charge number. Contrary to naive expectations from $Z$-scaling laws, it is demonstrated that medium-heavy molecules with $Z\le 54$ can be of great value to tighten global bounds on P,T-violating parameters, in particular, if the number of complementary experiments increases. The model is confirmed by explicit density functional theory calculations of all relevant P,T-odd electronic structure parameters in systems that were used in past experiments or are of current interest for future experiments, respectively: the atoms Xe, Cs, Yb, Hg, Tl, Ra, Fr and the molecules CaOH, SrOH, YO, CdH, BaF, YbF, YbOH, HfF${}^{+}$, WC, TlF, PbO, RaF, ThO, ThF${}^{+}$ and PaF${}^{3+}$.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phphysics.chem-phJHEP(2024)·19 citations
14. 14*

    Search for strongly interacting dark matter at Belle II

    Jinhan Liang🇨🇳 · Zuowei Liu🇨🇳 · Lan Yang🇨🇳

    A small component of dark matter (DM) that is strongly interacting with the standard model sector is consistent with various experimental observations. Despite the small abundance, strongly-interacting DM can lead to pronounced signals in DM direct detection experiments. We study Belle II sensitivity on strongly-interacting DM that has a MeV-GeV mass and couples with electrons. By taking into account the substantial interactions between DM and electrons within detectors, we compute the ``ceiling'' of the mono-photon signature at Belle II, beyond which the mono-photon channel loses its sensitivity, and visible ECL clusters due to DM scatterings assume significance. We study two ECL signatures for strongly-interacting DM: the mono-cluster and the di-cluster channels. To carry out detailed calculations and to compare with other constraints, we consider DM models with light mediators, as they naturally lead to sizable interaction cross sections. We compute exclusion regions for the di-cluster, mono-cluster, and mono-photon channels. We find that Belle II (with currently accumulated data of 362 fb${}^{-1}$) can rule out a significant portion of the parameter space above the ceilings of the constraints from various DM direct detection and neutrino experiments, for the vector mediator case with mass $\gtrsim 10$ MeV. Belle II also offers superior constraints on new light particles compared to PBH for the scalar mediator with mass $\gtrsim 10$ MeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·2 citations
15. 15*

    Orbifold Modular GUT of Flavour

    Francisco J. de Anda🇲🇽 · Stephen F. King🇬🇧

    We discuss an $SU(5)$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT) based on the 10d orbifold $({\mathbb{T}}^2{)}^3/({\mathbb{Z}}_4\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2)$ plus three modular $S_4$ groups with moduli at respective fixed points $i,i+2,\omega =e^{2i\pi /3}$. The resulting model has hierarchical quark and charged lepton mass matrices, arising from a double weighton mechanism, and reproduces the highly predictive Littlest Seesaw Mechanism in the neutrino sector. The down quark mass matrix has an upper triangular form, contributing to CKM mixing, while the charged lepton mass matrix has a lower triangular form with suppressed contributions to PMNS mixing. The orbifold yields successful $SU(5)$ breaking with doublet-triplet splitting of the Higgs multiplets.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
16. 16*

    Adiabatic Hydrodynamization: a Natural Framework to Find and Describe Prehydrodynamic Attractors

    Krishna Rajagopal🇺🇸 · Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld🇺🇸 · Rachel Steinhorst🇺🇸

    The adiabatic hydrodynamization framework is a promising framework within which to describe and characterize pre-hydrodynamic attractors in a model-independent fashion. Using this framework, we define a procedure to identify a time-dependent change in coordinates which reveals a dynamical reduction in the number of active degrees of freedom. Applying this procedure to the kinetic theory of a Bjorken-expanding gas of gluons in the small angle elastic scattering limit, we are able to intuitively explain the self-similar evolution of the gluon distribution function long before the applicability of hydrodynamics, as well as the loss of memory of its initial condition.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
17. 17*

    The oblique parameters from arbitrary new fermions

    Francisco Albergaria🇵🇹 · Darius Jurčiukonis🇱🇹 · Luís Lavoura🇵🇹

    We compute the six oblique parameters $S,T,U,V,W,X$ in a New Physics Model with an arbitrary number of new fermions, in arbitrary representations of $SU(2)\times U(1)$, and mixing arbitrarily among themselves. We show that $S$ and $U$ are automatically finite, but $T$ is finite only if there is a specific relation between the masses of the new fermions and the representations of $SU(2)\times U(1)$ that they sit in. We apply our general computation to two illustrative cases.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Composite resonances at a 10 TeV muon collider

    Da Liu🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Ke-Pan Xie🇨🇳

    We investigate the reach for resonances of the composite Higgs models at a 10 TeV \mu^+\mu^- collider with up to 10 ab^{-1} luminosity. The strong dynamics sector is modeled by the minimal coset SO(5)/SO(4), where vector resonances are in (3, 1) of SO(4) and fermions are in (2, 2). Various production and decay channels are studied. For the spin-1 resonances, the projections are made based on the radiative return and vector boson fusion production channels. The muon collider can cover most of the kinematically allowed mass range and can measure the coupling g_\rho to percent level. For the fermionic resonances (i.e. the top partners), pair production easily covers the resonance mass below 5 TeV, while single production extends the reach to 6 TeV for a small \xi = 0.015.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·16 citations
19. 19*

    The Hierarchy Problem and $\mathcal{N}=2$ $\mathcal{D}=5$ Supergravity

    Safinaz Salem🇪🇬

    We introduce a new scenario to solve the hierarchy problem based on $\mathcal{N}=2$, five-dimensional supergravity compactified on Calabi-Yau threefold down from $\mathcal{D}=11$ supergravity. When modeling the universe as a 3-brane embedded in a five-dimensional bulk, the background metric is proportional to one of the hypermultiplets fields, namely the dilaton, the volume modulus of the Calabi-Yau space. When solving the dilaton field equation, we find that it is dependent on the extra dimension. We solve the modified Friedmann equations and find the implications of the model on the relation between the effective four-dimensional gravity scale in the brane and the Planck scale of the fifth extra dimension ($\mathcal{M}$). A couple of different scales are considered for the extra dimension, the first where the extra dimension is in range of the solar system and $\mathcal{M}$ is of order of the electroweak scale, and the second where the scale of the extra dimension is of order $\mu m$ and the higher dimensional Planck scale $\mathcal{M}\sim 10^{13}\text{GeV}$. In both cases, the signatures of Kaluza-Klein excitations are quite distinct from the signatures of any previous extra dimensions model.

    hep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Leading directions in the SMEFT: Renormalization Effects

    Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Ajdin Palavrić🇨🇭 · Aleks Smolkovič🇨🇭

    The stability of the electroweak scale, challenged by the absence of deviations in flavor physics, prompts the consideration of SMEFT scenarios governed by approximate SM flavor symmetries. This study examines microscopic theories that match onto a set of $U(3{)}^5$-symmetric dimension-6 operators. Renormalization group mixing from the ultraviolet to the electroweak scale yields significant phenomenological constraints, particularly pronounced for UV-motivated directions. To demonstrate this, we explore a complete suite of tree-level models featuring new spin-0, 1/2, and 1 fields, categorized by their irreducible representations under the flavor group. We find that for the leading directions, corresponding to a single-mediator dominance, RG mixing effects occasionally serve as the primary indirect probe.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·30 citations
21. 21*

    Mutually elusive: vectorlike antileptons and leptoquarks

    Innes Bigaran🇺🇸 · Bogdan A. Dobrescu🇺🇸 · Alessandro Russo🇨🇭

    We study the properties of vectorlike fermions that have the same gauge charges as the Standard Model lepton doublets, but opposite lepton number. These antileptons undergo decays mediated by heavier scalar leptoquarks, while the symmetries of this renormalizable model protect the vectorlike fermions and the leptoquarks from standard decays probed so far at colliders. If the new particles couple predominantly to second-generation quarks, then their collider probes involve multiple jets and two taus or neutrinos, and are hampered by large backgrounds. If couplings to third-generation quarks are large, then the collider signals involve top quarks, and can be probed more efficiently at the LHC. Even in that case, both the vectorlike fermion doublet and the leptoquarks remain more elusive than in models with standard decays.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·8 citations
22. 22*

    Nuclear modified transverse momentum dependent parton distribution and fragmentation functions

    Mishary Alrashed🇺🇸 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · John Terry🇺🇸 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳 · Congyue Zhang🇺🇸

    In this study, we extend our previous global analysis of nuclear-modified transverse momentum distribution functions (nTMDs) to also consider the nuclear-modified collinear fragmentation function. Our methodology incorporates the global set of experimental data from both Drell-Yan production and Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering. Through a comprehensive global extraction of these distributions, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this extension by strongly describing the entire global dataset. A focal point of this paper is the impact of recent Jefferson Lab measurements. Most notably, to simultaneously describe experimental data at Jefferson Lab and HERMES we find that it is necessary to introduce a parameter which accounts for the non-perturbative scale evolution of the nTMDs. Additionally, we assess the kinematic coverage of the experimental data and provide insights into experimental opportunities at Jefferson Lab, future Electron-Ion Colliders, RHIC, and the LHC. These opportunities have the potential to significantly enhance and refine global analyses of nuclear-modified TMDs, contributing to a deeper understanding of the structure of cold nuclear matter.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th10 citations
23. 23*

    Quark-lepton mass relations from modular flavor symmetry

    Mu-Chun Chen🇺🇸 · Stephen F. King🇬🇧 · Omar Medina🇪🇸 · José W. F. Valle🇪🇸

    The so-called Golden Mass Relation provides a testable correlation between charged-lepton and down-type quark masses, that arises in certain flavor models that do not rely on Grand Unification. Such models typically involve broken family symmetries. In this work, we demonstrate that realistic fermion mass relations can emerge naturally in modular invariant models, without relying on ad hoc flavon alignments. We provide a model-independent derivation of a class of mass relations that are experimentally testable. These relations are determined by both the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of the specific finite modular group and the expansion coefficients of its modular forms, thus offering potential probes of modular invariant models. As a detailed example, we present a set of viable mass relations based on the ${\Gamma }_4\cong S_4$ symmetry, which have calculable deviations from the usual Golden Mass Relation.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·6 citations
24. 24*

    Leptonic signatures of color-sextet scalars II: Exploiting unique large-$E_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}}$ signals at the LHC

    Linda M. Carpenter🇺🇸 · Katherine Schwind🇺🇸 · Taylor Murphy🇫🇷

    The diverse and distinct collider phenomenology of color-sextet scalars motivates thorough investigation of their effective couplings to the Standard Model at the LHC. Some of the more unique sextet signals involve not only jets but also leptons. In previous work, we proposed an LHC search for color-sextet scalars in a channel with jets and a hard opposite-sign lepton pair, which results from a dimension-six coupling. In this sequel we study the counterpart processes with neutrinos, which produce jets in association with missing transverse energy ($E_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}}$) in addition to possible leptons. We consider multiple search channels, including both single and pair sextet production, all characterized by significant missing energy and some featuring distinctive kinematic features. Our multifaceted study consists of three reinterpreted existing searches and a joint-likelihood analysis designed by us to maximize HL-LHC sensitivity to single sextet production. We show that our dedicated strategy in the jets + lepton + $E_{\text{T}}^{\text{miss}}$ channel can supersede today's limits from reinterpreted searches, and we make sensitivity projections for the HL-LHC. Altogether, our analysis can exclude sextet scalars lighter than 4.4 TeV or probe effective cutoffs as high as 16.8 TeV.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
25. 25*

    Flavoured Majorana Dark Matter then and now: From freeze-out scenarios to LHC signatures

    Harun Acaroğlu🇩🇪 · Monika Blanke🇩🇪 · Jan Heisig🇩🇪 · Michael Krämer🇩🇪 · Lena Rathmann🇩🇪

    We study a simplified Dark Matter model in the Dark Minimal Flavour Violation framework. Our model complements the Standard Model with a flavoured Dark Matter Majorana triplet and a coloured scalar mediator that share a Yukawa coupling with the right-handed up-type quarks with the coupling matrix $\lambda$. We extend previous work on this topic by exploring a large range of cosmologically viable parameter space, including the coannihilation region and, in particular, the region of conversion-driven freeze-out, while considering constraints from $D^0-{\bar{D}}^0$ mixing as well as constraints from direct and indirect Dark Matter searches. We find various realisations of conversion-driven freeze-out within the model, that open up allowed windows of parameter space towards small mass splittings and very weak Dark Matter couplings. Finally, we probe the model by reinterpreting current LHC searches for missing energy and long-lived particles. We point out gaps in the coverage of current constraints as well as new opportunities to search for the model at the LHC, in particular, the charge asymmetry in single-top production associated with jets and missing energy.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Ultrahigh frequency primordial gravitational waves beyond the kHz: The case of cosmic strings

    Géraldine Servant🇩🇪 · Peera Simakachorn🇪🇸

    We investigate gravitational-wave backgrounds (GWBs) of primordial origin that would manifest only at ultra-high frequencies, from kilohertz to 100 gigahertz, and leave no signal at either LIGO, Einstein Telescope, Cosmic Explorer, LISA, or pulsar-timing arrays. We focus on GWBs produced by cosmic strings and make predictions for the GW spectra scanning over high-energy scale (beyond $10^{10}$ GeV) particle physics parameters. Signals from local string networks can easily be as large as the Big Bang nucleosynthesis/cosmic microwave background bounds, with a characteristic strain as high as $10^{-26}$ in the 10 kHz band, offering prospects to probe grand unification physics in the $10^{14}-10^{17}$ GeV energy range. In comparison, GWB from axionic strings is suppressed (with maximal characteristic strain $\sim 10^{-31}$) due to the early matter era induced by the associated heavy axions. We estimate the needed reach of hypothetical futuristic GW detectors to probe such GWB and, therefore, the corresponding high-energy physics processes. Beyond the information of the symmetry-breaking scale, the high-frequency spectrum encodes the microscopic structure of the strings through the position of the UV cutoffs associated with cusps and kinks, as well as potential information about friction forces on the string. The IR slope, on the other hand, reflects the physics responsible for the decay of the string network. We discuss possible strategies for reconstructing the scalar potential, particularly the scalar self-coupling, from the measurement of the UV cutoff of the GW spectrum.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·56 citations
27. 27*

    Baryogenesis and Leptogenesis from Supercooled Confinement

    Maximilian Dichtl🇫🇷 · Jacopo Nava🇮🇹 · Silvia Pascoli🇮🇹 · Filippo Sala🇮🇹

    We propose a framework of baryogenesis and leptogenesis that relies on a supercooled confining phase transition (PT) in the early universe. The baryon or lepton asymmetry is sourced by decays of hadrons of the strong dynamics after the PT, and it is enhanced compared to the non-confining case, which was the only one explored so far. This widens the energy range of the PT, where the observed baryon asymmetry can be reproduced, down to the electroweak scale. The framework then becomes testable with gravity waves (GW) at LISA and the Einstein Telescope. We then study two explicit realisations: one of leptogenesis from composite sterile neutrinos that realises inverse see-saw; one of baryogenesis from composite scalars that is partly testable by existing colliders and flavour factories.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·22 citations
28. 28*

    Rescuing The Primordial Black Holes all-Dark Matter Hypothesis from The Fast Radio Bursts Tension

    Dorian W. P. Amaral🇺🇸 · Enrico D. Schiappacasse🇨🇱

    Primordial black holes (PBHs) as an all-dark matter (DM) hypothesis has recently been demotivated by the prediction that these objects would source an excessive rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs). However, these predictions were based on several simplifying assumptions to which this rate is highly sensitive. In this article, we improve previous estimates of this rate arising from the capture of PBHs by neutron stars (NSs), aiming to revitalise this theory. We more accurately compute the velocity distribution functions of PBHs and NSs and also consider an enhancement in the NS and DM density profiles at galactic centers due to the presence of a central supermassive black hole. We find that previous estimates of the rate of FRBs sourced by the capture of PBHs by NSs were 3 orders of magnitude too large, concluding that the PBHs as all DM hypothesis remains a viable theory and that the observed FRB rate can only be entirely explained when considering a central, sufficiently spiky PBH density profile.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·10 citations
29. 29*

    Normalizing Flows for High-Dimensional Detector Simulations

    Florian Ernst🇩🇪 · Luigi Favaro🇩🇪 · Claudius Krause🇩🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪 · David Shih🇺🇸

    Whenever invertible generative networks are needed for LHC physics, normalizing flows show excellent performance. In this work, we investigate their performance for fast calorimeter shower simulations with increasing phase space dimension. We use fast and expressive coupling spline transformations applied to the CaloChallenge datasets. In addition to the base flow architecture we also employ a VAE to compress the dimensionality and train a generative network in the latent space. We evaluate our networks on several metrics, including high-level features, classifiers, and generation timing. Our findings demonstrate that invertible neural networks have competitive performance when compared to autoregressive flows, while being substantially faster during generation.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2025)·54 citations
30. 30*

    Pre-equilibrium photon production in QCD Kinetic Theory

    Oscar Garcia-Montero🇩🇪 · Aleksas Mazeliauskas🇩🇪 · Philip Plaschke🇩🇪 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪

    We use QCD kinetic theory to compute photon production in the chemically equilibrating Quark-Gluon Plasma created in the early stages of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We show that the photon spectrum radiated from an attractor evolution satisfies a simple scaling form in terms of the specific shear viscosity $\eta /s$ and entropy density $dS/d\zeta \sim {{\left(T{\tau }^{1/3}\right)}^{3/2}}_{\infty }$. We confirm the analytical predictions with numerical kinetic theory simulations. We use the extracted scaling function to compute the pre-equilibrium photon contribution in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76\text{TeV}$ 0-20% PbPb collisions. We demonstrate that our matching procedure allows for a smooth switching from pre-equilibrium kinetic to thermal hydrodynamic photon production.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2024)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Exact treatment of weak dark matter-baryon scattering for linear-cosmology observables

    Yacine Ali-Haïmoud (NYU)🇺🇸 · Suroor Seher Gandhi (NYU)🇺🇸 · Tristan L. Smith (Swarthmore)🇺🇸

    Elastic scattering of dark matter (DM) particles with baryons induce cosmological signals that may be detectable with modern or future telescopes. For DM-baryon scattering cross sections scaling with negative powers of relative velocity, ${\sigma }_{\chi b}(v)\propto v^{-2},v^{-4}$, such interactions introduce a momentum-exchange rate that is nonlinear in DM-baryon bulk relative velocities, thus not amenable for inclusion as-is into standard linear cosmological Boltzmann codes. Linear ansatzes have been adopted in past works, but their accuracy is unknown as they do not arise from first-principles derivations. In this work, for the first time, we construct a rigorous framework for computing linear-cosmology observables as a perturbative expansion in ${\sigma }_{\chi b}$. We argue that this approach is accurate for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) angular power spectra when most or all of the DM is scattering with baryons with cross section ${\sigma }_{\chi b}(v)\propto v^{-2},v^{-4}$. We derive exact formal expressions for CMB power spectra at linear order in ${\sigma }_{\chi b}$, and show that they only depend on a specific velocity integral of the momentum-exchange rate. Consequently, we can obtain the exact power spectra at linear order in ${\sigma }_{\chi b}$ by substituting the original nonlinear momentum-exchange rate with a uniquely specified linear rate. Serendipitously, we find that the exact substitution we derive from first principles precisely coincides with the most widely used linear ansatz, thus placing previous CMB-anisotropy upper bounds on a more solid footing. In addition to finally providing an exact cosmological solution to the DM-baryon scattering problem in a well-defined region of parameter space, the framework we construct opens the way to computing higher-order correlation functions, beyond power spectra, which are promising yet unexplored probes of DM-baryon scattering.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·15 citations
32. 32*

    Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Evaporation with Large Extra Dimensions

    Aurora Ireland🇺🇸 · Stefano Profumo🇺🇸 · Jordan Scharnhorst🇺🇸

    The spectra of gravitational waves from black hole evaporation generically peak at frequencies of order the Hawking temperature, making this signal ultra-high frequency for primordial black holes evaporating in the early universe. This motivates us to consider small black holes in theories with large extra dimensions, for which the peak frequency can be lowered substantially, since the true bulk Planck scale $M_{\ast }$ can be much smaller than the effective $M_{\mathrm{Pl}}$. We study the emission of brane-localized gravitons during the Hawking evaporation of ultra-light primordial black holes in the context of theories with large extra dimensions, with the ultimate goal of computing the contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background. To accurately model black hole evolution, we compute greybody factors for particles of spin-0, 1/2, 1, and 2 emitted on the brane and in the bulk, presuming the majority of emission proceeds during the Schwarzschild phase. We then compute the power spectrum and present day spectral density parameter for brane-localized gravitons contributing to a gravitational wave signal. We find that for an optimal choice of parameters, the peak frequency plateaus in the sub-MHz regime, within range of planned high-frequency gravitational wave detectors, making this scenario a target for detection once their sensitivity exceeds $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ bounds.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·12 citations
33. 33*

    Temporal Entanglement Entropy as a probe of Renormalization Group Flow

    Sebastian Grieninger🇺🇸 · Kazuki Ikeda🇺🇸 · Dmitri E. Kharzeev🇺🇸

    The recently introduced concept of timelike entanglement entropy has sparked a lot of interest. Unlike the traditional spacelike entanglement entropy, timelike entanglement entropy involves tracing over a timelike subsystem. In this work, we propose an extension of timelike entanglement entropy to Euclidean space ("temporal entanglement entropy"), and relate it to the renormalization group (RG) flow. Specifically, we show that tracing over a period of Euclidean time corresponds to coarse-graining the system and can be connected to momentum space entanglement. We employ Holography, a framework naturally embedding RG flow, to illustrate our proposal. Within cutoff holography, we establish a direct link between the UV cutoff and the smallest resolvable time interval within the effective theory through the irrelevant $T\bar{T}$ deformation. Increasing the UV cutoff results in an enhanced capability to resolve finer time intervals, while reducing it has the opposite effect. Moreover, we show that tracing over a larger Euclidean time interval is formally equivalent to integrating out more UV degrees of freedom (or lowering the temperature). As an application, we point out that the temporal entanglement entropy can detect the critical Lifshitz exponent $z$ in non-relativistic theories which is not accessible from spatial entanglement at zero temperature and density.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·34 citations
34. 34*

    Tensions in cosmology: a discussion of statistical tools to determine inconsistencies

    Matías Leizerovich🇦🇷 · Susana J. Landau🇦🇷 · Claudia G. Scóccola🇦🇷

    We present a comprehensive analysis of statistical tools for evaluating tensions in cosmological parameter estimates arising from distinct datasets. Focusing on the unresolved Hubble constant ($H_0$) tension, we explore the Pantheon Plus + SH0ES (PPS) compilation, which includes low-redshift Cepheid data from the SH0ES collaboration, along with the latest release of CMB data from the Planck collaboration, Cosmic Chronometers (CC) dataset and the most recent Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) datasets. Employing various tension metrics, we quantitatively assess the inconsistencies in parameter estimates, emphasizing the importance of capturing multidimensional tensions. Our results reveal substantial tension between PPS and Planck 2018 datasets and moderate tension between the BAO data sets and all other datasets. We highlight the importance of adopting these metrics to enhance the precision of future cosmological analyses and facilitate the resolution of existing tensions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPLB(2024)·17 citations
35. 35*

    Confinement and Kink Entanglement Asymmetry on a Quantum Ising Chain

    Brian J. J. Khor🇺🇸 · D. M. Kürkçüog̃lu🇺🇸 · T. J. Hobbs🇺🇸 · G. N. Perdue🇺🇸 · Israel Klich🇺🇸

    In this work, we explore the interplay of confinement, string breaking and entanglement asymmetry on a 1D quantum Ising chain. We consider the evolution of an initial domain wall and show that, surprisingly, while the introduction of confinement through a longitudinal field typically suppresses entanglement, it can also serve to increase it beyond a bound set for free particles. Our model can be tuned to conserve the number of domain walls, which gives an opportunity to explore entanglement asymmetry associated with link variables. We study two approaches to deal with the non-locality of the link variables, either directly or following a Kramers-Wannier transformation that maps bond variables (kinks) to site variables (spins). We develop a numerical procedure for computing the asymmetry using tensor network methods and use it to demonstrate the different types of entanglement and entanglement asymmetry.

    ↳ quant-phcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elhep-phQuantum(2024)·46 citations
36. 36*

    Pseudo-neutrino versus recoil formalism for 4-body phase space and applications to nuclear decay

    Chien-Yeah Seng🇺🇸

    It is well-known that the traditional treatment of radiative corrections that utilizes the "true" neutrino momentum ${\vec{p}}_{\nu }$ in the differential decay rate formula could lead to a $\sim \alpha /\pi$ systematic error in certain observables due to the mistreatment of 4-body kinematics. We investigate the theory structure of one of the proposed solutions, the "${\nu }^{\prime }$-formalism", in the non-recoil limit appropriate for neutron and nuclear beta decays. We derive an elegant master formula for the 4-body phase space and use it to re-analyze the spectrum-dependent "outer" radiative corrections to the beta decay of a polarized spin-half nucleus; a complete set of analytic expressions is provided for readers to straightforwardly obtain the final numerical results. We compare it to the "recoil formalism" where the energy of the recoil nucleus is fixed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·8 citations
37. 37*

    Fate of the $\rho$-$a_1$ mixing in dilepton production

    Azumi Sakai🇯🇵 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵 · Chiho Nonaka🇯🇵 · Chihiro Sasaki🇵🇱 · Kenta Shigaki🇯🇵 · Satoshi Yano🇯🇵

    We investigate the effect of chiral mixing on dilepton production by combining the in-medium spectral function in the chiral effective field theory with the state-of-the-art fluid dynamical simulations. We compare the spectral functions with different chiral symmetry restoration scenarios. We find that the scenario with proper chiral symmetry restoration that takes into account the degenerate $\rho$ and $a_1$ mesons leads to an increase of the yield in the window of $1.1<M<1.4$ GeV. Whereas, the low-temperature theorem of chiral mixing extrapolated toward a chiral crossover, often used in the literature, leads to a substantial overestimate at $M=1.2$ GeV.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·3 citations
38. 38*

    High temperature $U(1{)}_A$ breaking in the chiral limit

    Tamas G. Kovacs (Eotvos U. and Debrecen, Inst. Nucl. Res.)🇭🇺

    We solve the long-standing problem concerning the fate of the chiral $U(1{)}_A$ symmetry in QCD-like theories at high temperature in the chiral limit. We introduce a simple instanton based random matrix model that precisely reproduces the properties of the lowest part of the lattice overlap Dirac spectrum. We show that in the chiral limit the instanton gas splits into a free gas component with a density proportional to $m^{N_f}$ and a gas of instanton-antiinstanton molecules. While the latter do not influence the chiral properties, for any nonzero quark mass the free gas component produces a singular spectral peak at zero that dominates Banks-Casher type spectral sums. By calculating these we show that the difference of the pion and delta susceptibility vanishes only for three or more massless flavors, however, the chiral condensate is zero already for two massless flavors

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2024)·2 citations
39. 39*

    Theoretically motivated dark electromagnetism as the origin of relativistic MOND

    Felix Finster🇩🇪 · J. M. Isidro🇪🇸 · Claudio F. Paganini🇩🇪 · Tejinder P. Singh🇮🇳

    The present paper is a modest attempt to initiate the research program outlined in this abstract. We propose that general relativity and relativistic MOND (RelMOND) are analogues of the broken electroweak symmetry. That is, $SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{YDEM}\to U(1{)}_{DEM}$ (DEM stands for dark electromagnetism), and GR is assumed to arise from the broken $SU(2{)}_R$ symmetry, and is analogous to the weak force. RelMOND is identified with dark electromagnetism $U(1{)}_{DEM}$, which is the remaining unbroken symmetry after spontaneous symmetry breaking of the darkelectro-grav sector $SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{YDEM}$. This sector, as well as the electroweak sector, arise from the breaking of an $E_8\times E_8$ symmetry, in a recently proposed model of unification of the standard model with pre-gravitation, this latter being an $SU(2{)}_R$ gauge theory. The source charge for the dark electromagnetic force is square-root of mass, motivated by the experimental fact that the square-roots of the masses of the electron, up quark, and down quark, are in the ratio 1:2:3, which is a flip of their electric charge ratios 3:2:1 The introduction of the dark electromagnetic force helps understand the weird mass ratios of the second and third generation of charged fermions. We also note that in the deep MOND regime, acceleration is proportional to square-root of mass, which motivates us to propose the relativistic $U(1{)}_{DEM}$ gauge symmetry as the origin of MOND. We explain why the dark electromagnetic force falls inversely with distance, as in MOND, and not as the inverse square of distance. We conclude that dark electromagnetism is a good mimicker of cold dark matter, and the two are essentially indistinguishable in those cosmological situations where CDM is successful in explaining observations, such as CMB anisotropies, and gravitational lensing.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phUniverse(2024)·8 citations
40. 40*

    Baryon electric charge correlation as a magnetometer of QCD

    Heng-Tong Ding🇨🇳 · Jin-Biao Gu🇨🇳 · Arpith Kumar🇨🇳 · Sheng-Tai Li🇨🇳 · Jun-Hong Liu🇨🇳

    The correlation between net baryon number and electric charge, ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$, can serve as a magnetometer of QCD. This is demonstrated by lattice QCD computations using the highly improved staggered quarks with physical pion mass of $M_{\pi }=135$MeV on $N_{\tau }=8$ and 12 lattices. We find that ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$ along the transition line starts to increase rapidly with magnetic field strength $eB\gtrsim 2M_{\pi }^2$ and by a factor 2 at $eB\simeq 8M_{\pi }^2$. Furthermore, the ratio of electric charge chemical potential to baryon chemical potential, ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}/{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$, shows significant dependence on the magnetic field strength and varies from the ratio of electric charge to baryon number in the colliding nuclei in heavy ion collisions. These results can provide baselines for effective theory and model studies, and both ${\chi }_{11}^{\mathrm{BQ}}$ and ${\mu }_{\mathrm{Q}}/{\mu }_{\mathrm{B}}$ could be useful probes for the detection of magnetic fields in relativistic heavy ion collision experiments as compared with corresponding results from the hadron resonance gas model.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2024)·39 citations
41. 41*

    Improving HAWC dark matter constraints with Inverse-Compton Emission

    Dylan M. H. Leung🇨🇳 · Kenny C. Y. Ng🇨🇳

    The particle nature of dark matter (DM) has been a long-lasting mystery. Many models suggest that DM could decay or self annihilate into standard model particles, and thus could be a source of gamma rays in the sky. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory has yielded some of the strongest limits in searches of DM decay or annihilation. Building on the flux limits provided by the HAWC collaboration in 2018, we consider the effects of additional components from Galactic secondary Inverse-Compton scatterings and extragalactic DM distributions. We find that these effects can significantly improve the DM constraints, up to an order of magnitude in some cases. This highlights the importance of considering secondary effects in detail in LHAASO-WCDA and SWGO in the future.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
42. 42*

    Cosmological gravitational particle production and its implications for cosmological relics

    Edward W. Kolb🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Long🇺🇸

    Cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP) is the creation of particles in an expanding universe due solely to their gravitational interaction. These particles can play an important role in the cosmic history through their connection to various cosmological relics including dark matter, gravitational wave radiation, dark radiation, and the baryon asymmetry. This review explains the phenomenon of CGPP as a consequence of quantum fields in a time-dependent background, catalogs known results for the spectra and cosmological abundance of gravitationally produced particles of various spins, and explores the phenomenological consequences and observational signatures of CGPP.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phRMP(2024)·172 citations
43. 43*

    High-energy behavior of scattering amplitudes in theories with purely virtual particles

    Marco Piva🇵🇱

    We study a class of renormalizable quantum field theories with purely virtual particles that exhibits nonrenormalizable behavior in the high-energy limit of scattering cross sections, which grow as powers of the center-of-mass energy squared and seems to violate unitarity bounds. We point out that the problem should be viewed as a violation of perturbativity, instead of unitarity, and show that the resummation of self energies fixes the issue. As an explicit example, we consider a class of $O(N)$ theories at the leading order in the large-$N$ expansion and show that the different quantization prescription of purely virtual particles takes care of the nonrenormalizable behavior, making the resummed cross sections to decrease at high energies and the amplitudes to satisfy the unitarity bounds. We compare the results to the case of theories with ghosts, where the resummation cannot change the behavior of cross sections due to certain cancellations in the high-energy expansion of the self energies. These results are particularly relevant for quantum gravity.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·2 citations
44. 44*

    Global and local polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons across RHIC-BES energies

    Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇳 · Cong Yi🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳

    We report our recent study on the global and local polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC-BES energies within the (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework. We present our numerical results for the global polarization as the function of collision energies and the local polarization along the beam direction as functions of azimuthal angle in $20-50$% centrality at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=7.7 GeV Au+Au collision energy. We have discussed the effects of initial conditions, Spin Hall effect and baryon diffusion.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·3 citations
45. 45*

    Exploring the freeze-out hypersurface of relativistic nuclear collisions with a rapidity-dependent thermal model

    Han Gao🇨🇦 · Lipei Du🇨🇦 · Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦 · Charles Gale🇨🇦

    Considering applications to relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we develop a rapidity-dependent thermal model that includes thermal smearing effect and longitudinal boost. We calibrate the model with thermal yields obtained from a multistage hydrodynamic simulation. Through Bayesian analysis, we find that our model extracts freeze-out thermodynamics with better precision than rapidity-independent models. The potential of such a model to constrain longitudinal flow from data is also demonstrated.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·1 citation
46. 46*

    Hamiltonian Truncation Crafted for UV-divergent QFTs

    Olivier Delouche🇮🇹 · Joan Elias Miro🇮🇹 · James Ingoldby🇮🇹

    We develop the theory of Hamiltonian Truncation (HT) to systematically study RG flows that require the renormalization of coupling constants. This is a necessary step towards making HT a fully general method for QFT calculations. We apply this theory to a number of QFTs defined as relevant deformations of $d=1+1$ CFTs. We investigated three examples of increasing complexity: the deformed Ising, Tricritical-Ising, and non-unitary minimal model $M(3,7)$. The first two examples provide a crosscheck of our methodologies against well established characteristics of these theories. The $M(3,7)$ CFT deformed by its $Z_2$-even operators shows an intricate phase diagram that we clarify. At a boundary of this phase diagram we show that this theory flows, in the IR, to the $M(3,5)$ CFT.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-lathep-phSciPost Phys.(2024)·17 citations
47. 47*

    Universal Coarsening in a Homogeneous Two-Dimensional Bose Gas

    Martin Gazo · Andrey Karailiev · Tanish Satoor · Christoph Eigen · Maciej Gałka🇩🇪 · Zoran Hadzibabic🇬🇧

    Coarsening of an isolated far-from-equilibrium quantum system is a paradigmatic many-body phenomenon, relevant from subnuclear to cosmological lengthscales, and predicted to feature universal dynamic scaling. Here, we observe universal scaling in the coarsening of a homogeneous two-dimensional Bose gas, with exponents that match analytical predictions. For different initial states, we reveal universal scaling in the experimentally accessible finite-time dynamics by elucidating and accounting for the initial-state-dependent prescaling effects. The methods we introduce establish direct comparison between cold-atom experiments and non-equilibrium field theory, and are applicable to any study of universality far from equilibrium.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.stat-mechhep-phphysics.atom-ph+1Science(2025)·36 citations
48. 48*

    A proposal to improve the accuracy of cosmological observables and address the Hubble tension problem

    Horst Foidl🇦🇹 · Tanja Rindler-Daller🇦🇹

    (abridged)Cosmological observational programs often compare their data not only with $\Lambda$CDM, but also with extensions applying dynamical models of dark energy (DDE), with a time-dependent equation of state (EoS) parameter $w$. We found a degeneracy in the customary computational procedure for the expansion history, once DDE models are applied. This degeneracy provides an infinite number of cosmological models reproducing the Planck-measured CMB spectrum. Moreover, this degeneracy biases the comparison of $\Lambda$CDM with DDE extensions. We present a complementary computational approach, which breaks this degeneracy: the ``fixed early densities (EDs) approach'' evolves cosmological models from the early Universe to the present, in contrast to the customary ``fixed $H_0$ approach'' which evolves cosmological models in reverse order. We find the EDs are accurately approximated by the $\Lambda$CDM model. We implement a refined procedure, appyling both approaches, in an amended version of the code CLASS, where we focus on representative DDE models using the CPL parametrization. Our results reveal that the CPL model $w(a)=-0.9+0.1(1-a)$ could provide a resolution to the Hubble tension problem. Moreover, we find that combining both approaches, while requesting to yield consistent results and being in agreement with observations across cosmic time, can serve as a kind of consistency check for cosmological models. Moreover, our proposed consistency check applied within current data analysis methods will increase the accuracy of inferred cosmological parameters significantly, in particular for $\Lambda$CDM extensions. We find characteristic signatures in the late expansion histories of cosmological models, allowing a phenomenological discrimination of DE candidates and a possible resolution of the Hubble tension, by ongoing and future observational programs.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phAstron.Astrophys.(2024)·7 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.