Thu·Aug 24, 2023Thursday·August 24, 2023

1. 01*

   The McDIPPER: A novel saturation-based 3+1D initial state model for Heavy Ion Collisions

   Oscar Garcia-Montero🇩🇪 · Hannah Elfner🇩🇪 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪

   We present a new 3D resolved model for the initial state of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, based on the $k_{\perp }$-factorized Color Glass Condensate hybrid approach. The McDIPPER framework responds to the need for a rapidity-resolved initial-state Monte Carlo event generator which can deposit the relevant conserved charges (energy, charge and baryon densities) both in the midrapidity and forward/backward regions of the collision. This event-by-event generator computes the gluon and (anti-) quark phase-space densities using the IP-Sat model, from where the relevant conserved charges can be computed directly. In the present work we have included the leading order contributions to the light flavor parton densities. As a feature, the model can be systematically improved in the future by adding next-to-leading order calculations (in the CGC hybrid framework), and extended to lower energies by including sub-eikonal corrections the channels included. We present relevant observables, such as the eccentricities and flow decorrelation, as tests of this new approach.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·42 citations
2. 02*

   Non-linear top-Higgs CP violation

   Akanksha Bhardwaj🇬🇧 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Dorival Gonçalves🇺🇸 · Alberto Navarro🇺🇸

   Searches for additional sources of CP violation at the Large Hadron Collider are a central part of the Higgs physics programme beyond the Standard Model. Studies employing so-called signed observables that track CP violation through purpose-built asymmetries bolster efforts based on Higgs boson rate analyses under clear assumptions. A possibility, which is so far unexplored at the LHC, is a significant non-linear realisation of CP-violation, which is naturally described in non-linear Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT). We perform an analysis of the HL-LHC potential to constrain such interactions considering a large range of single and double Higgs production processes, including differential information where this is statistically and theoretically possible. A particular emphasis of our work is distinguishing expected correlations in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory from those attainable in HEFT.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·16 citations
3. 03*

   Theoretical interpretation of the $\Xi (1620)$ and $\Xi (1690)$ resonances seen in ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ decay

   Hai-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Gong-Jie Zhang🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · E. Oset🇪🇸

   We study the Belle reaction ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ looking at the mass distribution of ${\pi }^{+}\Xi$, where clear signals for the $\Xi (1620)$ and $\Xi (1690)$ resonances are seen. These two resonances are generated dynamically from the interaction in coupled channels of $\pi \Xi ,\bar{K}\Lambda ,\bar{K}\Sigma$ and $\eta \Xi$ within the chiral unitary approach. Yet, the weak decay process at the quark level, together with the hadronization to produce pairs of mesons, does not produce the $\pi \pi \Xi$ final state. In order to produce this state one must make transitions from the $\bar{K}\Lambda ,\bar{K}\Sigma$ and $\eta \Xi$ components to $\pi \Xi$, and this interaction is what produces the resonances. So, the reaction offers a good test for the molecular picture of these resonances. Adding the contribution of the ${\Xi }^{\ast }(1530)$ and some background we are able to get a good reproduction of the mass distribution showing the signatures of the two resonances as found in the experiment.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·13 citations
4. 04*

   Advances in the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme

   Chiara Signorile-Signorile🇩🇪 · Davide Maria Tagliabue🇮🇹

   We discuss a path toward the generalisation of the nested soft-collinear subtraction scheme to arbitrary $2\to n$ processes. The scheme is designed to provide an efficient and process-independent procedure to extract and regulate infrared (IR) singularities arising from unresolved real radiation and combine them with explicit singularities in virtual corrections. The new approach is based on a reorganisation of the relevant subtraction terms into simple combinations of a relatively small number of recurring structures. This strategy leads to a drastic reduction in the computational effort required to derive integrated subtraction terms, while preserving the full generality of the scheme. We believe that this approach will allow for tackling the issue of regularising IR divergences at next-to-next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant for arbitrary, multi-parton processes.

   hep-phPoS(2023)·2 citations
5. 05*

   The Yukawa potential under weak magnetic field

   Fabio L. Braghin🇧🇷 · Marcelo Loewe🇨🇱 · Cristian Villavicencio🇨🇱

   Weak magnetic field induced corrections for the Yukawa potential due to one pion exchange between two constituent quarks (nucleons) are presented. For that, the constant magnetic field effect on the pion propagator and on the pion form factor are taken into account. An effective gluon propagator parameterized with an effective gluon mass ($M_g\sim 0.5$\,GeV) is considered. In the limit of magnetic field weak with respect to the constituent quark mass and pion mass, analytical and semi-analytical expressions can be obtained. Different types of contributions are found, isotropic or anisotropic, dependent on the pion mass and also on the constituent quark and effective gluon masses. Overall the corrections are of the order of $2\%$ to $5\%$ of the Yukawa potential at distances close to $2$fm, and they decrease slower than the Yukawa potential. The anistropic corrections are considerably smaller than the isotropic components. A sizable splitting between results due to magnetic field dependent neutral or charged pion mass is found.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·6 citations
6. 06*

   QCD Axion Hybrid Inflation

   Yuma Narita🇯🇵 · Fuminobu Takahashi🇯🇵 · Wen Yin🇯🇵

   When the inflaton is coupled to the gluon Chern-Simons term for successful reheating, mixing between the inflaton and the QCD axion is generally expected given the solution of the strong CP problem by the QCD axion. This is particularly natural if the inflaton is a different, heavier axion. We propose a scenario in which the QCD axion plays the role of the inflaton by mixing with heavy axions. In particular, if the energy scale of inflation is lower than the QCD scale, a hybrid inflation is realized where the QCD axion plays the role of the inflaton in early stages. We perform detailed numerical calculations to take account of the mixing effects. Interestingly, the initial misalignment angle of the QCD axion, which is usually a free parameter, is determined by the inflaton dynamics. It is found to be close to $\pi$ in simple models. This is the realization of the pi-shift inflation proposed in previous literature, and it shows that QCD axion dark matter and inflation can be closely related. The heavy axion may be probed by future accelerator experiments.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-exJCAP(2023)·17 citations
7. 07*

   Three loop QCD corrections to the heavy-light form factors in the color-planar limit

   Sudeepan Datta🇮🇳 · Narayan Rana🇮🇳 · V. Ravindran🇮🇳 · Ratan Sarkar🇮🇳

   We present the analytic expressions for the color-planar contributions to the heavy-light form factors at three loops in perturbative QCD. These form factors play an important role in the precision predictions of various observables in top quark and flavour physics. We compute the master integrals using the method of differential equations. We perform the ultraviolet renormalization for all the appearing fields and parameters. The analytic results for the renormalized form factors are expressed in terms of generalized harmonic polylogarithms. We also study the Sudakov behaviour of these form factors in the asymptotic limit, which enables us to obtain the complete logarithmic three-loop and partial four-loop contributions.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·17 citations
8. 08*

   H(650) -> W+W-/ZZ predicts H++ -> W+W+ and H+ -> ZW+, as indicated by LHC data

   Alain Le Yaouanc🇫🇷 · François Richard (Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France)🇫🇷

   Several indications for neutral scalars are observed at the LHC. One of them, a broad resonance peaked at about 650 GeV which we call H(650), was first observed by an outsider combining published histograms from ATLAS and CMS on ZZ -> 4 leptons searches, and this combination shows a local significance close to 4 s.d. Since then, CMS has reported two other indications at the same mass, with similar local significances: H->WW->2leptons+neutrinos and H(650)->bbh(125) where mbb~90 GeV and h(125)->gam gam. ATLAS has completed its analysis of ZZ->4 leptons from which we infer an indication for H(650) with 3.5 s.d. significance. Combining these three results, one gets a global statistical significance above 6 s.d. H(650) has a coupling to WW similar to h(125) and therefore we argue that a sum rule (SR) required by unitarity for W+W- scattering implies that there should be a compensating effect from a doubly charged scalar H++, with a large coupling to W+W+. We therefore predict that this mode should become visible through the vector boson fusion process W+W+->H++, naturally provided by LHC. A recent indication for H++(450)->W+W+ from ATLAS allows a model independent interpretation of this result through the SR constraint which gives BR(H++->W+W+)~10%, implying the occurrence of additional decay modes H+W+ and H+H+ from one or several light H+ with masses below mH++ - mW or MH++/2, that is mH+ < 370 GeV or 225 GeV. A similar analysis is performed for H+(375)->ZW, indicated by ATLAS and CMS. Both channels suggest a scalar field content similar to the Georgi Machacek model with triplets, at variance with the models usually considered. Implications on precision measurements are presented followed by a complete extraction of the GM parameters. An alternate interpretation of the 650 GeV resonance as a tensor is also briefly discussed. Implications for precision measurements are presented.

   hep-phhep-ex7 citations
9. 09*

   Neutrinos from the Sun can discover dark matter-electron scattering

   Tarak Nath Maity🇮🇳 · Akash Kumar Saha🇮🇳 · Sagnik Mondal🇮🇳 · Ranjan Laha🇮🇳

   We probe dark matter-electron scattering using high-energy neutrino observations from the Sun. Dark matter (DM) interacting with electrons can get captured inside the Sun. These captured DM may annihilate to produce different Standard Model (SM) particles. Neutrinos produced from these SM states can be observed in IceCube and DeepCore. Although there is no excess of neutrinos in the solar direction, we find that the current datasets of IceCube and DeepCore set the strongest constraint on the DM-electron scattering cross section in the DM mass range $10$\,GeV to $10^5$\,GeV. Therefore our work implies that future observations of the Sun by neutrino telescopes have the potential to discover the DM-electron interaction.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR+1PRD(2025)·27 citations
10. 10*

    Phenomenologies in hypersphere soliton and stringy photon models

    Soon-Tae Hong🇰🇷

    We consider the Dirac quantization in the first class formalism to investigate the hypersphere soliton model (HSM) defined on the $S^3$ hypersphere. To do this, we construct the first class Hamiltonian possessing the Weyl ordering correction. In the HSM, we evaluate the baryon physical quantities such as the baryon masses, magnetic moments, axial coupling constant and charge radii, most predicted values of which are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. Moreover, shuffling the baryon and transition magnetic moments, we find the model independent sum rules. In the HSM we also evaluate the baryon intrinsic frequencies such as ${\omega }_N=0.87\times 10^{23}{\sec }^{-1}$ and ${\omega }_{\Delta }=1.74\times 10^{23}{\sec }^{-1}$ of the nucleon and delta baryon, respectively, to yield the identity ${\omega }_{\Delta }=2{\omega }_N$. Next, making use of the Nambu-Goto string action and its extended rotating bosonic string theory, we formulate the stringy photon model to obtain the energy of the string configuration, which consists of the rotational and vibrational energies of the open string. Exploiting this total string energy we evaluate the photon intrinsic frequency ${\omega }_{\gamma }=9.00\times 10^{23}{\sec }^{-1}$ which is comparable to the corresponding baryon intrinsic frequencies. We also predict the photon size $⟨r^2{⟩}^{1/2}(\mathrm{photon})=0.17\mathrm{fm}$ which is approximately 21\% of the proton magnetic charge radius.

    hep-phUniverse(2023)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Expanding proton dripline by employing a number of muons

    Lang Liu · Yongle Yu

    Through mean-field calculations, we demonstrate that, in a large $Z$ nucleus binding multiple muons, these heavy leptons localize within a few dozen femtometers of the nucleus. The mutual Coulomb interactions between the muons and the protons can lead to a substantial decrease in proton chemical potential, surpassing 1 MeV. These findings allow for expanding the proton-dripline on the nuclear chart in principle, suggesting the possible production of nuclei with Z around 120.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phCPC(2023)·0 citations
12. 12*

    Lifting Klein-Gordon/Einstein Solutions to General Nonlinear Sigma-Models: the Wormhole Example

    Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · C.P. Burgess🇨🇦 · F. Quevedo🇬🇧

    We describe a simple technique for generating solutions to the classical field equations for an arbitrary nonlinear sigma-model minimally coupled to gravity. The technique promotes an arbitrary solution to the coupled Einstein/Klein-Gordon field equations for a single scalar field $\sigma$ to a solution of the nonlinear sigma-model for $N$ scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity. This mapping between solutions does not require there to be any target-space isometries and exists for every choice of geodesic computed using the target-space metric. In some special situations -- such as when the solution depends only on a single coordinate (e.g. for homogeneous time-dependent or static spherically symmetric configurations) -- the general solution to the sigma-model equations can be obtained in this way. We illustrate the technique by applying it to generate Euclidean wormhole solutions for multi-field sigma models coupled to gravity starting from the simplest Giddings-Strominger wormhole, clarifying why in the wormhole case Minkowski-signature target-space geometries can arise. We reproduce in this way the well-known axio-dilaton string wormhole and we illustrate the power of the technique by generating simple perturbations to it, like those due to string or ${\alpha }^{\prime }$ corrections.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·5 citations
13. 13*

    Experimental and Phenomenological Investigations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly

    Nicholas Kamp🇺🇸

    This thesis covers a range of experimental and theoretical efforts to elucidate the origin of the $4.8\sigma$ MiniBooNE low energy excess (LEE). We begin with the follow-up MicroBooNE experiment, which took data along the BNB from 2016 to 2021. This thesis specifically presents MicroBooNE's search for ${\nu }_e$ charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) interactions consistent with two-body scattering. The two-body CCQE analysis uses a novel reconstruction process, including a number of deep-learning-based algorithms, to isolate a sample of ${\nu }_e$ CCQE interaction candidates with $75\%$ purity. The analysis rules out an entirely ${\nu }_e$-based explanation of the MiniBooNE excess at the $2.4\sigma$ confidence level. We next perform a combined fit of MicroBooNE and MiniBooNE data to the popular $3+1$ model; even after the MicroBooNE results, allowed regions in $\Delta m^2$-${\sin }^2{2}_{{\theta }_{\mu e}}$ parameter space exist at the $3\sigma$ confidence level. This thesis also demonstrates that the MicroBooNE data are consistent with a ${\overline{\nu }}_e$-based explanation of the MiniBooNE LEE at the $<2\sigma$ confidence level. Next, we investigate a phenomenological explanation of the MiniBooNE excess combining the $3+1$ model with a dipole-coupled heavy neutral lepton (HNL). It is shown that a 500 MeV HNL can accommodate the energy and angular distributions of the LEE at the $2\sigma$ confidence level while avoiding stringent constraints derived from MINER$\nu$A elastic scattering data. Finally, we discuss the Coherent CAPTAIN-Mills experiment--a 10-ton light-based liquid argon detector at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The background rejection achieved from a novel Cherenkov-based reconstruction algorithm will enable world-leading sensitivity to a number of beyond-the-Standard Model physics scenarios, including dipole-coupled HNLs.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph3 citations
14. 14*

    Deciphering ${\Xi }^{-}$ capture events in light emulsion nuclei

    Eliahu Friedman🇮🇱 · Avraham Gal🇮🇱

    We recently showed that all five KEK and J-PARC uniquely assigned two-body ${\Xi }^{-}$+${}^A$Z$\to {}_{\Lambda }^{A^{\prime }}$Z'+${}_{\Lambda }^{A^{\prime \prime }}$Z'' capture events in CNO light emulsion nuclei are consistent with Coulomb-assisted $1p_{{\Xi }^{-}}$ nuclear states in a $\Xi$-nuclear potential of nuclear-matter depth $V_{\Xi }\gtrsim 20$ MeV [1]. Here we argue that the recently reported ${}^{14}$N capture events named KINKA and IRRAWADDY are more likely $1p_{{\Xi }^0}$--${}^{14}$C nuclear states [2] than $1s_{{\Xi }^{-}}$--${}^{14}$N states, the latter assignment implying considerably smaller values of $V_{\Xi }$.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
15. 15*

    Mitigating the effect of the population model uncertainty on the strong lensing Bayes factor using nonparametric methods

    Damon H. T. Cheung🇨🇳 · Stefano Rinaldi🇮🇹 · Martina Toscani🇫🇷 · Otto A. Hannuksela🇨🇳

    Strong lensing of gravitational waves can produce several detectable images as repeated events in the upcoming observing runs, which can be detected with the posterior overlap analysis (Bayes factor). The choice of the binary black hole population plays an important role in the analysis as two gravitational-wave events could be similar either because of lensing or astrophysical coincidence. In this study, we investigate the biases induced by different population models on the Bayes factor. We build up a mock catalog of gravitational-wave events following a benchmark population and reconstruct it using both nonparametric and parametric methods. Using these reconstructions, we compute the Bayes factor for lensed pair events by utilizing both models and compare the results with a benchmark model. We show that the use of a nonparametric population model gives a smaller bias than parametric population models. Therefore, our study demonstrates the importance of choosing a sufficiently agnostic population model for strong lensing analyses.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
16. 16*

    Astrometric Weak Lensing with Gaia DR3 and Future Catalogs: Searches for Dark Matter Substructure

    Cristina Mondino🇨🇦 · Andreas Tsantilas🇺🇸 · Anna-Maria Taki🇺🇸 · Ken Van Tilburg🇺🇸 · Neal Weiner🇺🇸

    Small-scale dark matter structures lighter than a billion solar masses are an important probe of primordial density fluctuations and dark matter microphysics. Due to their lack of starlight emission, their only guaranteed signatures are gravitational in nature. We report on results of a search for astrometric weak lensing by compact dark matter subhalos in the Milky Way with Gaia DR3 data. Using a matched-filter analysis to look for correlated imprints of time-domain lensing on the proper motions of background stars in the Magellanic Clouds, we exclude order-unity substructure fractions in halos with masses $M_l$ between $10^7{M}_{\odot }$ and $10^9{M}_{\odot }$ and sizes of one parsec or smaller. We forecast that a similar approach based on proper accelerations across the entire sky with data from Gaia DR4 may be sensitive to substructure fractions of $f_l\gtrsim 10^{-3}$ in the much lower mass range of $10M_{\odot }\lesssim M_l\lesssim 3\times 10^3{M}_{\odot }$. We further propose an analogous technique for stacked star-star lensing events in the regime of large impact parameters. Our first implementation is not yet sufficiently sensitive but serves as a useful diagnostic and calibration tool; future data releases should enable average stellar mass measurements using this stacking method.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phMNRAS(2024)·16 citations
17. 17*

    Refining Fast Calorimeter Simulations with a Schrödinger Bridge

    Sascha Diefenbacher🇺🇸 · Vinicius Mikuni🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸

    Machine learning-based simulations, especially calorimeter simulations, are promising tools for approximating the precision of classical high energy physics simulations with a fraction of the generation time. Nearly all methods proposed so far learn neural networks that map a random variable with a known probability density, like a Gaussian, to realistic-looking events. In many cases, physics events are not close to Gaussian and so these neural networks have to learn a highly complex function. We study an alternative approach: Schrödinger bridge Quality Improvement via Refinement of Existing Lightweight Simulations (SQuIRELS). SQuIRELS leverages the power of diffusion-based neural networks and Schrödinger bridges to map between samples where the probability density is not known explicitly. We apply SQuIRELS to the task of refining a classical fast simulation to approximate a full classical simulation. On simulated calorimeter events, we find that SQuIRELS is able to reproduce highly non-trivial features of the full simulation with a fraction of the generation time.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phJINST(2025)·37 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.