Tue·Aug 22, 2023Tuesday·August 22, 2023

1. 01*

   A closer look at dark matter production in exponential growth scenarios

   Disha Bhatia🇧🇷

   We investigate a recently proposed non-thermal mechanism for dark matter production, in which a small initial dark matter ($\chi$) number density undergoes exponential growth through scatterings with bath particles ($\varphi$) in the early universe ($\chi \varphi \to \chi \chi$). The process ends when the scattering rate becomes Boltzmann suppressed. The analysis, in literature, is performed on the simplifying assumption of the dark matter phase space tracing the equilibrium distribution of either standard model or a hidden sector bath. Owing to the non-thermal nature of the production mechanism, this assumption may not necessarily hold. In this work, we test the validity of this assumption by numerically solving the unintegrated Boltzmann equation for the dark matter distribution. Our results, independent of the initial conditions, show that after exponential growth ceases, the dark matter distribution exhibits equilibrium-like behaviour at low comoving momentum, especially for higher couplings. While full kinetic equilibrium-like behaviour is not reached across all momentum modes, the scaled equilibrium approximation provides reasonable estimates for the dark matter abundance. For more accurate results, however, the full unintegrated Boltzmann equation must be solved.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·6 citations
2. 02*

   Wave-Packet Effects: A Solution for Isospin Anomalies in Vector-Meson Decay

   Kenzo Ishikawa🇯🇵 · Osamu Jinnouchi🇯🇵 · Kenji Nishiwaki🇮🇳 · Kin-ya Oda🇯🇵

   There is a long-standing anomaly in the ratio of the decay width for $\psi (3770)\to D^0\overline{D^0}$ to that for $\psi (3770)\to D^{+}{D}^{-}$ at the level of $9.5\sigma$. A similar anomaly exists for the ratio of $\varphi (1020)\to K_{\text{L}}^0{K}_{\text{S}}^0$ to $\varphi (1020)\to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ at $2.1\sigma$. In this study, we reassess the anomaly through the lens of Gaussian wave-packet formalism. Our comprehensive calculations include the localization of the overlap of the wave packets near the mass thresholds as well as the composite nature of the initial-state vector mesons. The results align within $\sim 1\sigma$ confidence level with the Particle Data Group's central values for a physically reasonable value of the form-factor parameter, indicating a resolution to these anomalies. We also check the deviation of a wave-packet resonance from the Briet-Wigner shape and find that wide ranges of the wave-packet size are consistent with the experimental data.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Overview: Jet quenching with machine learning

   Yi-Lun Du🇨🇳

   Jets are suppressed and modified in heavy ion collisions, which serve as powerful probes to the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Attributed to the abundant information carried by the jet constituents and reconstructed substructures, plenty of interesting applications of machine learning techniques have been made on a jet-by-jet basis to study the jet quenching phenomena. Here we review recent proceedings on this topic including the tasks of reconstructing jet momentum in heavy ion collisions, classifying quenched jets and unquenched jets, identifying jet energy loss, locating the jet creation points as well as distinguishing between quark- and gluon-initiated jets in the QGP. Such jet-by-jet analyses will allow us to have a better handle on the jet reconstruction and selections to investigate the effects of jet modifications and push forward the long-standing goal of jet tomographic probes of the QGP.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-th6 citations
4. 04*

   Imaging constituent quark shape of proton with exclusive vector meson production at HERA

   Wenchang Xiang🇨🇳 · Yanbing Cai🇨🇳 · Daicui Zhou🇨🇳

   We show within proton hot spot picture that the exclusive vector meson production in electron-proton deeply inelastic scattering is sensitive to the individual width of the constituent quarks of the proton. For comparison, we calculate the exclusive $J/\Psi$ production cross-sections in three cases, ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}\ge {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{d}}$, ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}<{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{d}}$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}\ne {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\prime }\ne {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{d}}$, where the ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}$, ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}^{\prime }$ and ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{d}}$ denote the widths of two up quarks and down quark. We find that only results calculated with ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{u}}\ge {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{d}}$ can give a reasonable description of the exclusive $J/\Psi$ production cross-section data at HERA. To test that our results are independent of the details of the model, we retain the average width of the three constituent quarks unchanged and compute the exclusive $J/\Psi$ production cross-sections with contribution weight by setting different proportional coefficients (${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{u}}$ and ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{d}}$) for the up and down quarks, respectively. It shows that the results calculated with ${\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{u}}\ge {\mathrm{W}}_{\mathrm{d}}$ can well reproduce the exclusive $J/\Psi$ production data at HERA, while the opposite case cannot describe the HERA data. These interesting findings seem to indicate that the up quark has more gluons around it than the down quark at high energy although the spatial distribution of gluons fluctuates event-by-event . To ensure the relevant results independent of the species of the vector meson, we also calculate the $\rho$ production cross-sections with the same group of parameters used in the exclusive $J/\Psi$ production and compare the predictions with the HERA data. It shows that all the results computed in the exclusive $\rho$ productions are consistent with the findings obtained in the exclusive $J/\Psi$ productions.

   hep-phNPA(2024)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Nature of $X(3872)$ from its radiative decay

   Shuo-Ying Yu🇨🇳 · Xian-Wei Kang🇨🇳

   We study the radiative decay of $X(3872)$ based on the assumption that $X(3872)$ is regarded as a $c\overline{c}$ charmonium with quantum number $J^{PC}=1^{++}$ ($J,P,C$ represent the spin, parity and charge conjugation, respectively). The form factors of $X(3872)$ transitions to $J/\psi \gamma$ and ${\psi }^{\prime }\gamma$ (${\psi }^{\prime }$ denotes $\psi (2S)$ throughout the paper) are calculated in the framework of the covariant light-front quark model. The phenomenological wave function of a meson depends on the parameter $\beta$, whose inverse essentially describes the confinement scale. In the present work, the parameters $\beta$ for the vector $J/\psi$ and ${\psi }^{\prime }$ mesons will be determined through their decay constants, which are obtained from the experimental values of their partial decay widths to the electron-positron pair. For $X(3872)$, we determined the value of $\beta$ by the decay width of $X(3872)\to {\psi }^{\prime }\gamma$. Then, we examined the width of $X(3872)\to J/\psi \gamma$ in a manner of parameter-free prediction and compared it with the experimental value. As a result, an inconsistency or contradiction occurs between the widths of $X(3872)\to J/\psi \gamma$ and $X(3872)\to {\psi }^{\prime }\gamma$. We thus conclude that $X(3872)$ cannot be a pure $c\overline{c}$ resonance and that other components are necessary in its wave function.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thPLB(2024)·16 citations
6. 06*

   Effect of symmetry breaking of polarized light sea quarks on the nucleon and nuclear structure functions, and sum rules

   Fatemeh Arbabifar🇮🇷 · Shahin Atashbar Tehrani🇮🇷 · Hamzeh Khanpour🇮🇷

   In this study, we performed calculations and analyses of the structure functions of polarized nucleons and light nuclei, specifically ${}^3$He and ${}^3$H, using second-order Feynman diagrams. Our investigation focused on two main aspects: Firstly, we examined the symmetry properties of polarized light sea quarks. Secondly, we conducted a detailed investigation into the impacts of symmetry breaking on the structure functions of both nucleons and nuclei. To achieve this, we utilized the existing polarized Parton Distribution Functions (polarized PDFs) available in the literature. These PDFs were used to calculate and compare the polarized structure functions $g_1$ and $g_2$ of the nuclei. Additionally, we examined and analyzed the Bjorken and Efremov-Leader-Teryaev sum rules by utilizing the moments of the polarized structure functions. The Lorentz color force components, namely $F_E^{y,n}$ and $F_B^{y,n}$, are determined using the twist-2, twist-3, and twist-4 matrix elements. When symmetry breaking is applied, it is observed that they have similar magnitudes but opposite signs. Our theoretical predictions for the polarized structure functions of nucleons and light nuclei, taking into account the symmetry breaking of light sea quarks, exhibit better agreement with experimental data.

   hep-phPRC(2023)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Search for a leptophobic doubly charged Higgs in same-sign four-lepton and six-lepton signatures in a left-right symmetric model

   Tathagata Ghosh🇮🇳 · Rafiqul Rahaman🇮🇳 · Santosh Kumar Rai🇮🇳

   We investigate the possibility of multi-lepton (four and six) signatures, including an exotic signature of same-sign four-lepton (SS4L) as signals of pair production of a doubly charged Higgs in the minimal left-right symmetric model, extended with two doublet scalars. The right-handed neutrino masses are generated in this model through a dimension-$5$ lepton-number violating operator allowing the triplet scalar interactions with leptons to become negligibly small. This leads to interesting six-lepton and SS4L signatures that can be observed at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) with almost no background for doubly charged Higgs with mass below 500 GeV.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Electromagnetic radiation at extreme angular velocity

   Matteo Buzzegoli🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸

   We consider a system rotating at extremely high angular velocity, so that its matter is found mostly at the light-cylinder. We posit that it can be described by quantum fields confined to the two-dimensional cylindrical surface rotating about its symmetry axis. We apply this model to study the electromagnetic radiation. In particular, we compute the photon spectrum emitted by the quark-gluon plasma.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thnucl-thJHEP(2023)·12 citations
9. 09*

   Comparing measurements and limits on the warm dark matter temperature-to-mass ratio

   Bruce Hoeneisen🇪🇨

   Limits on the "thermal relic" warm dark matter mass are apparently inconsistent with measurements of the warm dark matter temperature-to-mass ratio. We try to understand this problem.

   hep-phastro-ph.GA0 citations
10. 10*

    Constraints on Inflaton Higgs Field Couplings

    Jessie Yang🇺🇸 · Mark P. Hertzberg🇺🇸

    According to the best-fit parameters of the Standard Model, the Higgs field's potential reaches a maximum at a field value $h\sim 10^{10-11}$ GeV and then turns over to negative values. During reheating after inflation, resonance between the inflaton and the Higgs can cause the Higgs to fluctuate past this maximum and run down the dangerous side of the potential if these fields couple too strongly. In this paper, we place constraints on the inflaton-Higgs couplings such that the probability of the Higgs entering the unstable regime during reheating is small. To do so, the equations of motion are approximately solved semi-analytically, then solved fully numerically. Next the growth in variance is used to determine the parameter space for $\kappa$ and $\alpha$, the coupling coefficients for inflaton-Higgs cubic and quartic interactions, respectively. We find the upper bounds of $\kappa <1.6\times 10^{-5}{m}_{\varphi }\sim 2.2\times 10^8$ GeV and $\alpha <10^{-8}$ to allow the Higgs to remain stable in most Hubble patches during reheating, and we also find the full two parameter joint constraints. We find a corresponding bound on the reheat temperature of $T_{\text{reh}}\lesssim 9.2\times 10^9$ GeV. Additionally, de Sitter temperature fluctuations during inflation put a lower bound on inflaton-Higgs coupling by providing an effective mass for the Higgs, pushing back its hilltop during inflation. These additional constraints provide a lower bound on $\alpha$, while $\kappa$ must also be non-zero for the inflaton to decay efficiently.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2023)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Modeling Backward-Angle ($u$-channel) Virtual Compton Scattering at an Electron-Ion Collider

    Zachary Sweger🇺🇸 · Spencer R. Klein🇺🇸 · Yuanjing Ji🇺🇸 · Minjung Kim🇺🇸 · Saeahram Yoo🇺🇸 · Ziyuan Zeng🇨🇳 · Daniel Cebra🇺🇸 · Xin Dong🇺🇸

    High-energy backward ($u$-channel) reactions can involve very large momentum transfers to the target baryons, shifting them by many units of rapidity. These reactions are difficult to understand in conventional models in which baryon number is carried by the valence quarks. Backward Compton scattering is an especially attractive experimental target, because of its simple final state. There is currently limited data on this process, and that data is at low center-of-mass energies. In this paper, we examine the prospects for studying backward Compton scattering at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). We model the cross-section and kinematics using the limited data on backward Compton scattering and backward meson production, and then simulate Compton scattering at EIC energies, in a simple model of the ePIC detector. Generally, the proton is scattered toward mid-rapidity, while the produced photon is in the far-forward region, visible in a Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC). We show that the background from backward ${\pi }^0$ production can be rejected using a high-resolution, well-segmented ZDC.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2023)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Persistent homology of collider observations: when (w)hole matters

    Jyotiranjan Beuria🇮🇳

    Topological invariants have played a fundamental role in the advancement of theoretical high energy physics. Physicists have used several kinematic techniques to distinguish new physics predictions from the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, the study of global topological invariants of the collider signals has not yet attracted much attention. In this article, we present a novel approach to study collider signals using persistent homology. The global topological properties of the ensemble of events as expressed by measures like persistent entropy, Betti area, etc. are worth considering in addition to the traditional approach of using kinematic variables event by event. In this exploratory study, we first explore the characteristic topological signature of a few SM electroweak resonant productions. Next, we use the framework to distinguish global properties of the invisible Higgs decay processes in the SM and a real singlet extension of the SM featuring stable singlet scalar dark matter.

    hep-phnlin.CDphysics.data-anPLB(2023)·4 citations
13. 13*

    Cooper-Frye spectra of hadrons with viscous corrections including feed down from resonance decays

    Andreas Kirchner🇩🇪 · Eduardo Grossi🇮🇹 · Stefan Floerchinger🇩🇪

    A method to calculate hadron momentum spectra after feed down from resonance decays in the context of ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions described by relativistic fluid dynamics is presented. The conceptual setup uses the Cooper-Frye freeze-out integration together with an integral operator describing resonance decays. We provide explicit expressions for the integration over the freeze-out surface for a smooth and symmetric background solution, as well as for linearized perturbations around it. A major advantage of our method is that many integrals can be precomputed independently of a concrete hydrodynamic simulation. Additionally, we examine the influence of adding heavier resonances to the decay chain on the spectrum of pions and show how to include a phase with partial chemical equilibrium in order to separate the chemical from the kinetic freeze-out.

    hep-ph6 citations
14. 14*

    Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls

    Wen-Yuan Ai🇬🇧

    We calculate the friction experienced by ultrarelativistic bubble walls resulting from the $1\to 2$ light-to-heavy transition process, with finite-wall-width effects fully taken into account. In this process, the light particle is excited from the order-parameter scalar field, while the two heavy particles are excitations of a dark matter scalar field. Unlike earlier estimates suggesting a friction scaling as ${\gamma }_w^0$, where ${\gamma }_w$ represents the Lorentz factor of the wall velocity, our more precise numerical analysis reveals a logarithmic dependence of the friction on ${\gamma }_w$. We offer a numerical fit to capture this frictional pressure accurately. Our analysis verifies that the friction stemming from the $1\to 2$ light-to-heavy transition is typically much smaller than the friction from the $1\to 1$ transmission of the dark matter particles.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·34 citations
15. 15*

    Diffractive Processes at Next-to-Leading Order in the Dipole Picture

    Jani Penttala🇫🇮

    In this thesis, we calculate diffractive processes at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the high-energy limit, with an emphasis on exclusive vector meson production and inclusive diffraction in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). Calculations in the high-energy limit can be done using the dipole picture, the basics of which are briefly reviewed. This includes using the color-glass condensate effective field theory to describe the nonperturbative dipole-target scattering amplitude which appears in practically all calculations in the dipole picture. The universality of the dipole-target scattering amplitude at NLO is shown numerically, in the sense that the same dipole-target scattering amplitude can be used to describe the data in both massless and massive quark production in inclusive DIS, and also in diffractive processes where exclusive vector meson production is considered. The analytical NLO calculations of exclusive vector meson production and inclusive diffraction in DIS are also explained. Exclusive vector meson production is calculated in the nonrelativistic limit for heavy mesons and the limit of large photon virtuality for light mesons. Also, the importance of including relativistic corrections to the heavy vector meson wave function in exclusive vector meson production is considered. For inclusive diffraction in DIS, we focus on the NLO corrections to the final state and show how the divergences cancel.

    hep-phnucl-thJYU Dissertations 668, 2023, ISBN:978-951…·3 citations
16. 16*

    A TMD-based model for Hadronization off heavy nuclei

    Raphaël Dupré🇫🇷 · Federico Ceccopieri🇫🇷

    Semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering off nuclei is a unique process to study the parton propagation mechanism and its modification induced by the presence of the nuclear medium. It allows us to probe the medium properties, particularly the cold nuclear matter transport coefficient, which can be directly linked to the nuclear gluon density. We present here a model for hadron production in deep inelastic lepton-nucleus scattering, which takes into account the hadronic transverse momentum of final state particles via transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions and fragmentation functions. We implement parton energy loss and hadronic absorption with a geometrical model of the nucleus. The model is compared with the nuclear SIDIS multiplicity ratios and transverse-momentum broadening data from the CLAS, HERMES, and EMC collaborations, aiming for a simultaneous description of these data sets. We obtain a good agreement over the various nuclear targets and the wide kinematical range of those experiments. We best describe the data with a transport coefficient \hat{q} = 0.3 GeV/fm^2, and we highlight the importance and the role of correlations in extracting this quantity.

    hep-phPRC(2024)·1 citation
17. 17*

    Study of Scalar Non Standard Interaction at Protvino to Super-ORCA experiment

    Dinesh Kumar Singha🇮🇳 · Rudra Majhi🇮🇳 · Lipsarani Panda🇮🇳 · Monojit Ghosh🇭🇷 · Rukmani Mohanta🇮🇳

    In this paper we have studied the phenomenon of non-standard interaction mediated by a scalar field (SNSI) in the context of P2SO experiment and compared its sensitivity with DUNE. In particular, we have studied the capability of these two experiments to put bounds on the diagonal SNSI parameters i.e., ${\eta }_{ee}$, ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$ and studied the impact of these parameters on the determination of neutrino mass ordering, octant of ${\theta }_{23}$ and CP violation (CPV). In our analysis we find that, the parameter $\Delta m_{31}^2$ has a non-trivial role if one wants estimate the bounds on ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$ assuming SNSI does not exist in nature. Our results show that sensitivity of P2SO and DUNE to constraint ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$ are similar whereas the sensitivity of DUNE is slightly better for ${\eta }_{ee}$. We find that the mass ordering and CPV sensitivities are mostly affected by ${\eta }_{ee}$ compared to ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$ if one assumes SNSI exists in nature. On the other hand, octant sensitivity is mostly affected by ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$. These sensitivities can be either higher or lower than the standard three flavour scenario depending on the relative sign of the SNSI parameters. Regarding the precision of atmospheric mixing parameters, we find that the precision of ${\theta }_{23}$ deteriorates significantly in the presence of ${\eta }_{\mu \mu }$ and ${\eta }_{\tau \tau }$.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·19 citations
18. 18*

    Initial-Final and Initial-Initial antenna functions for real radiation at next-to-leading order

    Elliot Fox (Durham U., IPPP)🇬🇧 · Nigel Glover (Durham U., IPPP and Zurich U.)🇬🇧

    The antenna subtraction method has achieved remarkable success in various processes relevant to the Large Hadron Collider. In Reference [1], an algorithm was proposed for constructing real-radiation antenna functions for electron-positron annihilation, directly from specified unresolved limits, accommodating any number of real emissions. Here, we extend this algorithm to build antennae involving partons in the initial state, specifically the initial-final and initial-initial antennae. Using this extended algorithm, we explicitly construct all NLO QCD antenna functions and compare them with previously extracted antenna functions derived from matrix elements. Additionally, we rigorously match the integration of the antenna functions over the initial-final and initial-initial unresolved phase space with the previous approach, providing an independent validation of our results. The improved antenna functions are more compact and reduced in number, making them more readily applicable for higher-order calculations.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·20 citations
19. 19*

    Full top-quark mass dependence in diphoton production at NNLO in QCD

    Matteo Becchetti🇮🇹 · Roberto Bonciani🇮🇹 · Leandro Cieri🇪🇸 · Federico Coro🇪🇸 · Federico Ripani🇮🇹

    In this paper we consider the diphoton production in hadronic collisions at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD, taking into account for the first time the full top quark mass dependence up to two loops (full NNLO). We show selected numerical distributions, highlighting the kinematic regions where the massive corrections are more significant. We make use of the recently computed two-loop massive amplitudes for diphoton production in the quark annihilation channel. The remaining massive contributions at NNLO are also considered, and we comment on the weight of the different types of contributions to the full and complete result.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·16 citations
20. 20*

    Axion Magnetic Resonance: A Novel Enhancement in Axion-Photon Conversion

    Hyeonseok Seong🇩🇪 · Chen Sun🇺🇸 · Seokhoon Yun🇰🇷

    We identify a new resonance, axion magnetic resonance (AMR), that can greatly enhance the conversion rate between axions and photons. A series of axion search experiments rely on converting them into photons inside a constant magnetic field background. A common bottleneck of such experiments is the conversion amplitude being suppressed by the axion mass when $m_a\gtrsim 10^{-4}$eV. We point out that a spatial or temporal variation in the magnetic field can cancel the difference between the photon dispersion relation and that of the axion, hence greatly enhancing the conversion probability. We demonstrate that the enhancement can be achieved by both a helical magnetic field profile and a harmonic oscillation of the magnitude. Our approach can extend the projected ALPS II reach in the axion-photon coupling ($g_{a\gamma }$) by two orders of magnitude at $m_a=10^{-3}\mathrm{eV}$ with moderate assumptions.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·11 citations
21. 21*

    Adagio for Thermal Relics

    Hooman Davoudiasl🇺🇸 · Matthew Sullivan🇺🇸

    A larger Planck scale during an early epoch leads to a smaller Hubble rate, which is the measure for efficiency of primordial processes. The resulting slower cosmic tempo can accommodate alternative cosmological histories. We consider this possibility in the context of extra dimensional theories, which can provide a natural setting for the scenario. If the fundamental scale of the theory is not too far above the weak scale, to alleviate the ``hierarchy problem," cosmological constraints imply that thermal relic dark matter would be at the GeV scale, which may be disfavored by cosmic microwave background measurements. Such dark matter becomes viable again in our proposal, due to smaller requisite annihilation cross section, further motivating ongoing low energy accelerator-based searches. Quantum gravity signatures associated with the extra dimensional setting can be probed at high energy colliders -- up to $\sim 13$ TeV at the LHC or $\sim 100$ TeV at FCC-hh. Searches for missing energy signals of dark sector states, with masses $\gtrsim 10$ GeV, can be pursued at a future circular lepton collider.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·1 citation
22. 22*

    Curl up with a good $\mathbf{B}$: Detecting ultralight dark matter with differential magnetometry

    Itay M. Bloch🇺🇸 · Saarik Kalia🇺🇸

    Ultralight dark matter (such as kinetically mixed dark-photon dark matter or axionlike dark matter) can source an oscillating magnetic-field signal at the Earth's surface, which can be measured by a synchronized array of ground-based magnetometers. The global signal of ultralight dark matter can be robustly predicted for low masses, when the wavelength of the dark matter is larger than the radius of the Earth, ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{DM}}\gg R$. However, at higher masses, environmental effects, such as the Schumann resonances, can become relevant, making the global magnetic-field signal $\mathbf{B}$ difficult to reliably model. In this work, we show that $\nabla \times \mathbf{B}$ is robust to global environmental details, and instead only depends on the local dark matter amplitude. We therefore propose to measure the local curl of the magnetic field at the Earth's surface, as a means for detecting ultralight dark matter with ${\lambda }_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim R$. As this measurement requires vertical gradients, it can be done near a hill/mountain. Our measurement scheme not only allows for a robust prediction, but also acts as a background rejection scheme for external noise sources. We show that our technique can be the most sensitive terrestrial probe of dark-photon dark matter for frequencies $10\mathrm{Hz}\le f_{A^{\prime }}\le 1\mathrm{kHz}$ (corresponding to masses $4\times 10^{-14}\mathrm{eV}\le m_{A^{\prime }}\le 4\times 10^{-12}\mathrm{eV}$). It can also achieve sensitivities to axionlike dark matter comparabe to the CAST helioscope, in the same frequency range.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2024)·17 citations
23. 23*

    Illuminating Nucleon Gluon Interference via Calorimetric Asymmetry

    Xiao Lin Li🇨🇳 · Xiaohui Liu🇨🇳 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳

    We present an innovative approach to the linearly polarized gluons confined inside the unpolarized nucleon in lepton-nucleon scattering. Our method analyzes the correlation of energy flows at azimuthal separations $\varphi$. The interference of the spinning gluon with both positive and negative helicities translates into a $\cos (2\varphi )$ asymmetry imprinted on the detector. Unlike the conventional transverse momentum dependent (TMD) probes, the $\cos (2\varphi )$ asymmetry in this approach is preserved by rotational symmetry, holds to all orders, and is free of radiation contamination, thus expected to provide the exquisite signature of the nucleon linearly polarized gluons.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·31 citations
24. 24*

    Effective interactions for the SM fermion mass hierarchy and their possible UV realization

    A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Diego Restrepo🇨🇴 · Ivan Schmidt🇨🇱 · Óscar Zapata🇨🇴

    We built an extended 2HDM theory with a spontaneously broken $U(1{)}_X$ global symmetry, where the tree level Universal Seesaw Mechanism generates the mass hierarchy of the Standard Model charged fermions and the Zee-Babu mechanism produces tiny active neutrino masses. The third family of SM charged fermions gets tree level masses from Yukawa interactions involving the Higgs doublets $H_1$ (for the top quark) and $H_2$ (for the bottom quark and tau lepton). The model under consideration is consistent with SM fermion masses and mixings, with the muon and electron $g-2$ anomalies and successfully accommodates the constraints arising from charged lepton flavor violation and meson oscillations. The proposed model predicts rates for charged lepton flavor violating decays within the reach of forthcoming experiments.

    hep-phPTEP(2024)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Experimental Impact of Jet Fragmentation Reference Frames At Particle Colliders

    Lawrence Lee🇺🇸 · Charles Bell🇺🇸 · John Lawless🇺🇸 · Cordney Nash🇺🇸 · Emery Nibigira🇺🇸

    In collider physics, the properties of hadronic jets are often measured as a function of their lab-frame momenta. However, jet fragmentation must occur in a particular rest frame defined by all color-connected particles. Since this frame need not be the lab frame, the fragmentation of a jet depends on the properties of its sibling objects. This non-factorizability of jets has consequences for experimental jet techniques such as jet tagging, boosted boson measurements, and searches for physics Beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we will describe the effect and show its impact as predicted by simulation.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2025)·3 citations
26. 26*

    Dark Matter Halo Axions Shift Hadron Collider $W$ Mass

    Noah Bray-Ali🇨🇦

    The 2026 measurement of the $W$ mass by CMS at the Large Hadron Collider disagrees sharply with the earlier and more precise measurement by CDF at the Tevatron, yet the CMS result seems to agree rather well with the standard model value. A similar fact pattern is identified for two other observables that have been the subject of recent intense interest: the strong coupling constant and the leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon magnetic dipole moment. Using a straightforward proper-time analysis of the leading-order hard gluon corrections to the $W$ boson production amplitude from quark-antiquark annihilation in high-energy hadron collisions, it is suggested that the CDF experiment has discovered a new phenomenon beyond the standard model and that the CMS measurement confirms this discovery: A coherent dynamic background axion field created by axions from the local dark matter halo of the galaxy couples to the hard virtual gluon within the luminous four-volume at the interaction point inside the collider detector and this axion-gluon coupling shifts the $W$ mass determination linearly in the product of the beam width and the bunch length.

    hep-ph2 citations
27. 27*

    Investigation of the mass spectra of singly heavy baryons ${\Sigma }_Q$, ${\Xi }_Q^{\prime }$ and ${\Omega }_Q$ $(Q=c,b)$ in the Regge trajectory model

    Ji-Hai Pan🇨🇳 · Jisi Pan🇨🇳

    Very recently, LHCb Collaboration observed that two new ${\Omega }_c^0$ states decay into ${\Xi }_c^{+}{K}^{-}$ with masses of about $3185$ MeV and $3327$ MeV. However, their spin parity quantum numbers $J^P$ have not been determined. In this paper, we exploit the quark-diquark model, the linear Regge trajectory and the perturbation treatment method to analyze the mass spectra of the discovered experimental data for the singly heavy baryons ${\Sigma }_c/{\Sigma }_b$, ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }/{\Xi }_b^{\prime }$ and ${\Omega }_c/{\Omega }_b$. In addition, we further predict the mass spectra of several unobserved ${\Sigma }_c/{\Sigma }_b$, ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }/{\Xi }_b^{\prime }$ and ${\Omega }_c/{\Omega }_b$ baryons. In the case of the ${\Omega }_c(3185{)}^0$ and ${\Omega }_c(3327{)}^0$ states, we determine ${\Omega }_c(3185{)}^0$ as $2S$ state and ${\Omega }_c(3327{)}^0$ as $1D$ state with $J^P=1/2^{+}$ and $J^P=3/2^{+}$, respectively. An overall good agreement of the obtained predictions with available experimental data are found.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·24 citations
28. 28*

    Comparisons and Predictions for Collisions of deformed ${}^{238}$U nuclei at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=193$ GeV

    Nicolas Fortier🇨🇦 · Sangyong Jeon🇨🇦 · Charles Gale🇨🇦

    We present comparisons to experimental data along with predictions of observables for U+U collisions at 193 GeV using a multistage theoretical and computational framework consisting of boost-invariant IP-Glasma initial state, MUSIC hydrodynamics, and a hadronic transport cascade generated by iS3D \& SMASH. Our results show great agreement with existing anisotropic flow measurements from RHIC [ arXiv:1505.07812 ; arXiv:1901.08155 ] . We provide predictions for differential flow observables as well as multiparticle correlations and transverse-momentum-flow correlations. When possible, we compare our predictions to results from Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV to properly outline the effects of deformation in the initial state on final state observables.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·18 citations
29. 29*

    Electromagnetic plasma waves in dark energy cosmology

    Felipe A. Asenjo🇨🇱

    We explore electromagnetic wave modes that can exist in a cosmological plasma dominated by dark energy due to a cosmological constant. It is found that, in the cold and hot plasma cases, electromagnetic plasma wave modes can be found exactly. The effect of this cosmology appears as a time-dependent potential in the wave equation for the electromagnetic modes, that effectively modify the frequency response of the plasma. This potential depends on the metric of the spacetime and on the thermodynamical properties of the plasma. For both cases, cold and hot, the solutions are found in terms of Airy and Bessel functions, respectively. When those solutions are required to have vanishing initial conditions, a discretization on the wavelengths of the electromagnetic plasma waves is imposed. Thus, only some specific wave modes can exist in this dark energy cosmology. Relaxing those conditions, we obtain other solutions that approximate to plane waves only in the very hot plasma limit.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phphysics.plasm-phPhys.Plasmas(2023)·1 citation
30. 30*

    Glueball Spectrum with four light dynamical fermions

    Andreas Athenodorou🇨🇾 · Jacob Finkenrath🇨🇾 · Adam Lantos🇨🇾 · Michael Teper🇬🇧

    We perform a calculation of the glueball spectrum for $N_f=4$ degenerate dynamical fermions with masses corresponding to light pions. We do so by making use of ensembles produced within the framework of maximally twisted fermions by the Extended Twisted Mass Collaboration (ETMC). We obtain masses of states that fall into the irreducible representations of the octahedral group of rotations in combination with the quantum numbers of charge conjugation $C$ and parity $P$; the above quantum numbers result in 20 distinct irreducible representations. We implement the Generalized Eigenvalue Problem (GEVP) using a basis that consists only of gluonic operators. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of light dynamical quarks on the glueball spectrum and how this compares to the statistically more accurate spectrum of $SU(3)$ pure gauge theory. Given that glueball states may have broad widths and thus need to be disentangled from all the relevant mixings, we use large ensembles of the order of $\sim \mathcal{O}(20\mathrm{K})$ configurations. Despite the large ensembles, the statistical uncertainties allow us to extract the masses for only a few irreducible representations; namely $A_1^{++}$, $A_1^{-+}$, $E^{++}$ as well as $T_2^{++}$. The results for the scalar $A_1^{++}$ representation show that an additional state appears as the lightest state in the scalar $A_1^{++}$ channel of the glueball spectrum, while the next two excited states are consistent with the lightest two states of the pure gauge theory. To further elucidate the nature of this additional state we perform a calculation using $N_f=2+1+1$ configurations and this demonstrates that it possesses a large quark content. Finally, the ground states of the $E^{++}$ and $T_2^{++}$ tensor channels and of the $A_1^{-+}$ pseudoscalar channel show, at most, minor effects due to the inclusion of dynamical quarks.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-ph8 citations
31. 31*

    Fast radio bursts generated by coherent curvature radiation from compressed bunches for FRB 20190520B

    Xiang-han Cui · Zheng-wu Wang🇨🇳 · Cheng-min Zhang🇨🇳 · Chen-hui Niu · Di Li🇨🇳 · Jian-wei Zhang · De-hua Wang

    The radiation mechanism of fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been extensively studied but still remains elusive. Coherent radiation is identified as a crucial component in the FRB mechanism, with charged bunches also playing a significant role under specific circumstances. In the present research, we propose a phenomenological model that draws upon the coherent curvature radiation framework and the magnetized neutron star, taking into account the kinetic energy losses of outflow particles due to inverse Compton scattering (ICS) induced by soft photons within the magnetosphere. By integrating the ICS deceleration mechanism for particles, we hypothesize a potential compression effect on the particle number density within a magnetic tube/family, which could facilitate achieving the necessary size for coherent radiation in the radial direction. This mechanism might potentially enable the dynamic formation of bunches capable of emitting coherent curvature radiation along the curved magnetic field. Moreover, we examine the formation of bunches from an energy perspective. Our discussion suggests that within the given parameter space the formation of bunches is feasible. Finally, we apply this model to FRB 20190520B, one of the most active repeating FRBs discovered and monitored by FAST. Several observed phenomena are explained, including basic characteristics, frequency downward drifting, and bright spots within certain dynamic spectral ranges.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·3 citations
32. 32*

    Further investigation of dilepton-based center-of-mass energy measurements at e${}^{+}$e${}^{-}$ colliders

    Graham W. Wilson🇺🇸

    Methods for measuring the absolute center-of-mass energy using dileptons from e${}^{+}$e${}^{-}$ collision events are further developed with an emphasis on accelerator, detector, and physics limitations. We discuss two main estimators, the lepton momentum-based center-of-mass energy estimator, ${\sqrt{s}}_p$, discussed previously, and new estimators for the electron and positron colliding beam energies, denoted $E_{-}^{\text{C}}$ and $E_{+}^{\text{C}}$. In this work we focus on the underlying limitations from beam energy spread, detector resolution, and the modeling of higher-order QED radiative corrections associated with photon emissions originating from initial-state-radiation (ISR), final-state-radiation (FSR), and their interference. We study the consequent implications for the potential of these methods at center-of-mass energies ranging from 90 GeV to 1 TeV relevant to a number of potential accelerator realizations in the context of measurements of masses of the Z, W, H, top quark, and new particles. The statistical importance of the Bhabha channel for Higgs factories is noted. Additional extensive work on improving the modeling of the luminosity spectrum including the use of copulas is also reported.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.acc-ph2 citations
33. 33*

    Strangeness production in neutron star matter

    Gao-Chan Yong🇨🇳

    Based on a dynamical model on particle production, the production and fraction of exotic components in neutron star matter are analyzed. It is found that there exists a small fraction of strangeness in twice saturation density matter. For five times saturation density matter, the fraction of strange baryons can be as high as 25-50\%, depending on the equation of state used. The neutron-proton asymmetry of dense matter does not significantly impact the strangeness fraction in neutron star matter. This research provides new insights into the strange components in neutron stars.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations
34. 34*

    From RATs to riches: mitigating anthropogenic and synanthropic noise in atom interferometer searches for ultra-light dark matter

    John Carlton🇬🇧 · Christopher McCabe🇬🇧

    Atom interferometers offer promising new avenues for detecting ultra-light dark matter (ULDM). The exceptional sensitivity of atom interferometers to fluctuations in the local gravitational potential exposes them to sources of noise from human (anthropogenic) and animal (synanthropic) activity, which may obscure signals from ULDM. We characterise potential anthropogenic and synanthropic noise sources and examine their influence on a year-long measurement campaign by AION-10, an upcoming atom interferometer experiment that will be located at the University of Oxford. We propose a data cleaning framework that identifies and then masks anthropogenic and synanthropic noise. With this framework, we demonstrate that even in noisy conditions, the sensitivity to ULDM can be restored to within between 10% and 40% of an atom shot noise-limited experiment, depending on the specific composition of the anthropogenic and synanthropic noise. This work provides an important step towards creating robust noise reduction analysis strategies in the pursuit of ULDM detection with atom interferometers.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-exhep-phphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
35. 35*

    A novel method for calculating Bose-Einstein correlation functions with Coulomb final-state interaction

    Márton Nagy🇭🇺 · Aletta Purzsa🇭🇺 · Máté Csanád🇭🇺 · Dániel Kincses🇭🇺

    Measurements of Bose-Einstein correlations played a crucial role in the discovery and the subsequent detailed exploration of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) created in high-energy collisions of heavy nuclei. Such measurements gave rise to femtoscopy, a flourishing sub-field of high-energy physics, and there are important new directions to explore and discoveries to be made in the near future. One of these important current topics is the precise investigation of the shape of the correlation functions utilizing Lévy-stable sources. In this paper, we present a novel method of calculating the shape of the two-particle correlation functions, including the Coulomb final-state interaction. This method relies on an exact calculation of a large part of the necessary integrals of the Coulomb wave function and can be utilized to calculate the correlation function for any source function with an easily accessible Fourier transform. In this way, it is eminently applicable to Lévy-stable source functions. In this particular case, we find that the new method is more robust and allows the investigation of a wider parameter range than the previously utilized techniques. We present an easily applicable software package that is ready to use in experimental studies.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exEPJC(2023)·17 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.