Wed·Jun 7, 2023Wednesday·June 7, 2023

1. 01*

   Beyond Tree Level with Solar Neutrinos: Towards Measuring the Flavor Composition and CP Violation

   Vedran Brdar🇨🇭 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳

   After being produced as electron neutrinos (${\nu }_e$), solar neutrinos partially change their flavor to ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ en route to Earth. Although the flavor ratio of the ${\nu }_e$ flux to the total flux has been well measured, the ${\nu }_{\mu }:{\nu }_{\tau }$ composition has not yet been experimentally probed. In this work we investigate the potential of the next-generation experiments for measuring the ${\nu }_{\mu }:{\nu }_{\tau }$ flavor ratio by utilizing flavor-dependent radiative corrections in the cross sections for ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ scattering. Since the transition probabilities of ${\nu }_e$ to ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ depend on the leptonic CP phase, we also investigate the sensitivity to the CP phase and show that a statistical significance of $\sim 1\sigma$ could be reached through precision measurements of solar neutrino spectra.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2023)·12 citations
2. 02*

   All-Orders Evolution of Parton Distributions: Principle, Practice, and Predictions

   Pei-Lin Yin🇨🇳 · Yin-Zhen. XuID · Zhu-Fang Cui🇨🇳 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · José Rodríguez-Quintero🇪🇸

   Parton distribution functions (DFs) are defining expressions of hadron structure. Exploiting the role of effective charges in quantum chromodynamics, an algebraic scheme is described which, given any hadron's valence parton DFs at the hadron scale, delivers predictions for all its DFs -- unpolarised and polarised -- at any higher scale. The scheme delivers results that are largely independent of both the value of the hadron scale and the pointwise form of the charge; and, inter alia, enables derivation of a model-independent identity that relates the strength of the proton's gluon helicity DF, $\Delta G_p^{\zeta }$, to that of the analogous singlet polarised quark DF and valence quark momentum fraction. Using available data fits and theory predictions, the identity yields $\Delta G_p({\zeta }_{\mathrm{C}}=\surd 3\mathrm{GeV})=1.48(10)$. It furthermore entails that the measurable quark helicity contribution to the proton spin is ${\tilde{a}}_{0p}^{{\zeta }_{\mathrm{C}}}=0.32(3)$, thereby reconciling contemporary experiment and theory.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Chin.Phys.Lett.(2023)·30 citations
3. 03*

   $B^0-\overline{B^0}$ mixing in the $U(1{)}_X$SSM

   Xing-Yu Han🇨🇳 · Shu-Min Zhao🇨🇳 · Xi Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Tong Wang🇨🇳 · Tong-Tong Wang🇨🇳 · Xin-Xin Long🇨🇳 · Xing-Xing Dong🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳

   $U(1{)}_X$SSM is a non-universal Abelian extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and its local gauge group is extended to $SU(3{)}_C\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_Y\times U(1{)}_X$. Based on the latest data of neutral meson mixing and experimental limitations, we investigate the process of $B^0-\overline{B^0}$ mixing in $U(1{)}_X$SSM. Using the effective Hamiltonian method, the Wilson coefficients and mass difference $△m_B$ are derived. The abundant numerical results verify that $v_S,M_D^2,{\lambda }_C,\mu ,M_2,\tan \beta ,g_{YX},M_1$ and ${\lambda }_H$ are sensitive parameters to the process of $B^0-\overline{B^0}$ mixing. With further measurement in the experiment, the parameter space of the $U(1{)}_X$SSM will be further constrained during the mixing process of $B^0-\overline{B^0}$.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Further study on the production of P-wave doubly heavy baryons from Z-boson decays

   Hai-Jiang Tian🇨🇳 · Xuan Luo🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳

   In this paper, we carried out a systematic investigation for the excited doubly heavy baryons production in $Z$-boson decays within the NRQCD factorization approach. Our investigation accounts for all the $P$-wave intermediate diquark states, {\it i.e.} $⟨cc⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}}$, $⟨cc⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_6$, $⟨bc⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}/6}$, $⟨bc⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_{\bar{3}/6}$, $⟨bb⟩{[}^1{P}_1{]}_{\bar{3}}$, and $⟨bb⟩{[}^3{P}_J{]}_6$ with $J=(0,1,2)$. The results show that contributions from all diquark states in $P$-wave were $7\%$, $8\%$, and $3\%$ in comparing with $S$-wave for the production of ${\Xi }_{cc}$, ${\Xi }_{bc}$ and ${\Xi }_{bb}$ via $Z$-boson decay, respectively. Based on these results, we predicted about $0.539\times 10^3(10^6)$ events for ${\Xi }_{cc}$, $1.827\times 10^3(10^6)$ events for ${\Xi }_{bc}$, and $0.036\times 10^3(10^6)$ events for ${\Xi }_{bb}$ can be produced annually at the LHC (CEPC). Additionally, we plot the differential decay widths of ${\Xi }_{cc}$, ${\Xi }_{bc}$ and ${\Xi }_{bb}$ as a function of the invariant mass $s_{23}$ and energy function $z$ distributions, and analyze the theoretical uncertainties in decay width arising from the mass parameters of heavy quark.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Dispersive determination of neutrino mass ordering

   Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼

   We argue that the mixing phenomenon of a neutral meson formed by a fictitious massive quark will disappear, if the electroweak symmetry of the Standard Model (SM) is restored at a high energy scale. This disappearance is taken as the high-energy input for the dispersion relation, which must be obeyed by the width difference between two meson mass eigenstates. The solution to the dispersion relation at low energy, i.e., in the symmetry broken phase, then connects the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements to the quark masses involved in the box diagrams responsible for meson mixing. It is demonstrated via the analysis of the $D$ meson mixing that the typical $d$, $s$ and $b$ quark masses demand the CKM matrix elements in agreement with measured values. In particular, the known numerical relation $V_{us}\approx \sqrt{m_s/m_b}$ with the $s$ ($b$) quark mass $m_s$ ($m_b$) can be derived analytically from our solution. Next we apply the same formalism to the mixing of the ${\mu }^{-}{e}^{+}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}$ states through similar box diagrams with intermediate neutrino channels. It is shown that the neutrino masses in the normal hierarchy (NH), instead of in the inverted hierarchy or quasi-degenerate spectrum, match the observed Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix elements. The lepton mixing angles larger than the quark ones are explained by means of the inequality $m_2^2/m_3^2\gg m_s^2/m_b^2$, $m_{2,3}$ being the neutrino masses in the NH. At last, the solution for the ${\tau }^{-}{e}^{+}$-${\tau }^{+}{e}^{-}$ mixing specifies the mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}\approx 45^{\circ }$, leading to the $\mu$-$\tau$ reflection symmetry. Our work suggests that the fermion masses and mixing parameters are constrained dynamically, and the neutrino mass orderings can be discriminated by the internal consistency of the SM.

   hep-phNPB(2025)·11 citations
6. 06*

   Belle II observation prospects for axion-like particle production from $B$ meson annihilation decay

   Yi Zhang🇨🇳 · Akimasa Ishikawa🇯🇵 · Emi Kou🇫🇷 · Daniel Thomas Marcantonio🇦🇺 · Phillip Urquijo🇦🇺

   We investigate a new production mechanism of axion-like particle (ALP) from $B$ meson annihilation decays and its observation potential at the Belle and Belle II experiments. This mechanism allows for the production of ALP from $B$ meson decays in association with a large variety of mesons. In this article, we first estimate the branching ratios of such processes with a perturbative QCD method. Focussing on the most promising $B\to h{a}^{\prime }$ ($h=K^{\pm },{\pi }^{\pm },D^0$ and $D_s$) channels, we perform sensitivity studies for $a^{\prime }$ decaying invisibly or into diphoton with Belle and Belle II experiments.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Effect of a magnetic field on the thermodynamic properties of a high-temperature hadron resonance gas with van der Waals interactions

   Bhagyarathi Sahoo🇮🇳 · Kshitish Kumar Pradhan🇮🇳 · Dushmanta Sahu🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

   We study the behavior of a hadronic matter in the presence of an external magnetic field within the van der Waals hadron resonance gas model, considering both attractive and repulsive interactions among the hadrons. Various thermodynamic quantities like pressure ($P$), energy density ($\epsilon$), magnetization ($\mathcal{M}$), entropy density ($s$), squared speed of sound ($c_{\mathrm{s}}^2$), and specific-heat capacity at constant volume ($c_v$) are calculated as functions of temperature ($T$) and static finite magnetic field ($eB$). We also consider the effect of baryochemical potential (${\mu }_B$) on the above-mentioned thermodynamic observables in the presence of a magnetic field. Further, we estimate the magnetic susceptibility (${\chi }_{\mathrm{M}}^2$), relative permeability (${\mu }_{\mathrm{r}}$), and electrical susceptibility (${\chi }_{\mathrm{Q}}^2$) which can help us to understand the system better. Through this model, we quantify a liquid-gas phase transition in the T-eB-${\mu }_B$ phase space.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·24 citations
8. 08*

   Multiplicity and Transverse Spherocity dependence of $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$ fluctuations of charged particles in p$-$p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 13 TeV

   Subhadeep Roy🇮🇳 · Tulika Tripathy🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳

   The multiplicity dependence of event-by-event fluctuations in mean transverse momentum, $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$, of charged particles has been studied in p$-$p collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV and 13 TeV using the PYTHIA 8 event generator. The charged particles were selected in kinematic range of $0.15<p_{\mathrm{T}}<2$ GeV$/c$ and $|\eta |<0.8$. The dynamical fluctuations would indicate towards the correlated emission of particles. The measurements in A$-$A and p$-$p collisions has shown a decrease in the strength of $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$ fluctuations with the average charged particle multiplicity. The effects of various microscopic processes like color reconnection and multi-partonic interactions has been studied. A minimal dependency on the collision energy is also observed. Furthermore, the fluctuation observables are investigated in the intervals of transverse spherocity in order to comprehend the relative contributions resulting from hard scattering and underlying events. The present study would act as a baseline for future measurements in A$-$A as well as p$-$p collisions at the LHC.

   hep-phnucl-ex1 citation
9. 09*

   Quark model with Hidden Local Symmetry and its application to $T_{cc}$

   Bing-Ran He🇨🇳 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

   We propose a chiral quark model including the $\omega$ and $\rho$ meson contributions in addition to the $\pi$ and $\sigma$ meson contributions. We show that the masses of the ground state baryons such as the nucleon, ${\Lambda }_c$ and ${\Lambda }_b$ are dramatically improved in the model with the vector mesons compared with the one without them. The study of the tetraquark $T_{cc}$ is also performed in a coupled channel calculation and the resultant mass is much closer to its experimental value than the result without vector meson contribution. This approach can be applied to the future study of multi-quark systems.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2023)·19 citations
10. 10*

    On the approaches to threshold resummation of rapidity distributions for the Drell-Yan process

    Marco Bonvini🇮🇹 · Giulia Marinelli🇮🇹

    We consider threshold resummation of rapidity distributions, for which various approaches exist in the literature. Recently, a work by Lustermans, Michel, Tackmann suggested that older approaches by Becher, Neubert, Xu (BNX) and Bonvini, Forte, Ridolfi (BFR) were wrong because they miss some leading-power contributions at threshold. In this work, we prove and demonstrate that the BNX and BFR approaches are correct and able to resum threshold logarithms to leading-power accuracy. We then show that the BNX and BFR approaches can provide rather good alternatives to more modern approaches to threshold resummation of rapidity distributions, provided the threshold logarithms are resummed according to the $\psi$-soft definition introduced in the context of Higgs production.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·11 citations
11. 11*

    Electric dipole moments of charm baryons using dimension-six operators

    Y. Ünal🇹🇷

    We investigate the $CP$-odd electric dipole moments (EDMs) of spin-1/2 charm baryons considering $CP$-violating dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model effective field theory. In the framework of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory, we calculate the EDMs of single-charm baryons and present the estimates for beyond-the-standard model physics appearing at the TeV scale.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Probing anomalous $\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma$ couplings at a future muon collider

    H. Amarkhail🇹🇷 · S.C İnan🇹🇷 · A.V. Kisselev🇷🇺

    We have studied anomalous four-photon couplings in the ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}\gamma \gamma {\mu }^{-}$ scattering at a future muon collider. The collision energies of 3 TeV, 14 TeV, and 100 TeV are addressed. Both differential and total cross sections versus invariant mass of the outgoing photons are calculated. The best 95\% C.L. exclusion bounds on anomalous couplings are obtained to be $g_1=2.23\times 10^{-8}$ TeV${}^{-4}$ and $g_2=4.22\times 10^{-8}$ TeV${}^{-4}$. They correspond to the muon collision energy of 100 TeV. The partial-wave unitary constraints on $g_1$ and $g_2$ are examined. We have demonstrated that the unitarity is not violated in a region of the anomalous couplings obtained in the present paper.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2024)·17 citations
13. 13*

    Probing the Dark Dimension with Auger data

    Neena T. Noble🇺🇸 · Jorge F. Soriano🇺🇸 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸

    [Abridged] By combining swampland conjectures with observational data, it was recently noted that our universe could stretch off in an asymptotic region of the string landscape of vacua. In this framework, the cosmological hierarchy problem can be resolved by the addition of one mesoscopic (dark) dimension of size $\sim \lambda {\Lambda }^{-1/4}\sim 1\mu \mathrm{m}$. The Planck scale of the higher dimensional theory, $M_{\mathrm{UV}}\sim {\lambda }^{-1/3}{\Lambda }^{1/12}{M}_{\mathrm{Pl}}^{2/3}\sim 10^{10}\mathrm{GeV}$, is tantalizingly close to the energy above which the TA and Auger collaborations found conclusive evidence for a sharp cutoff of the flux of UHECRs. It was recently suggested that since physics becomes strongly coupled to gravity beyond $M_{\mathrm{UV}}$, universal features deep-rooted in the dark dimension could control the energy cutoff of the source spectra. Conversely, in the absence of phenomena inborn within the dark dimension, we would expect a high variance of the cosmic ray maximum energy characterizing the source spectra, reflecting the many different properties inherent to the most commonly assumed UHECR accelerators. A recent analysis of Auger and TA data exposed strong evidence for a correlation between UHECRs and nearby starburst galaxies, with a global significance post-trial of $4.7\sigma$. Since these galaxies are in our cosmic backyard, the flux attenuation factor due to cosmic ray interactions en route to Earth turns out to be negligible. This implies that for each source, the shape of the observed spectrum should roughly match the emission spectrum, providing a unique testing ground for the dark dimension hypothesis. Using Auger data, we carry out a maximum likelihood analysis to characterize the shape of the UHECR emission from the galaxies dominating the anisotropy signal. We show that the observed spectra could be universal only if $\lambda \lesssim 10^{-3}$.

    hep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2023)·18 citations
14. 14*

    Potential of the Julia programming language for high energy physics computing

    J. Eschle🇨🇭 · T. Gal🇩🇪 · M. Giordano🇬🇧 · P. Gras🇫🇷 · B. Hegner🇨🇭 · L. Heinrich🇩🇪 · U. Hernandez Acosta🇩🇪 · S. Kluth🇩🇪 · J. Ling🇺🇸 · P. Mato🇨🇭 · M. Mikhasenko🇩🇪 · A. Moreno Briceño🇨🇴 and 6 other authors

    Research in high energy physics (HEP) requires huge amounts of computing and storage, putting strong constraints on the code speed and resource usage. To meet these requirements, a compiled high-performance language is typically used; while for physicists, who focus on the application when developing the code, better research productivity pleads for a high-level programming language. A popular approach consists of combining Python, used for the high-level interface, and C++, used for the computing intensive part of the code. A more convenient and efficient approach would be to use a language that provides both high-level programming and high-performance. The Julia programming language, developed at MIT especially to allow the use of a single language in research activities, has followed this path. In this paper the applicability of using the Julia language for HEP research is explored, covering the different aspects that are important for HEP code development: runtime performance, handling of large projects, interface with legacy code, distributed computing, training, and ease of programming. The study shows that the HEP community would benefit from a large scale adoption of this programming language. The HEP-specific foundation libraries that would need to be consolidated are identified

    hep-phcs.PLhep-exphysics.comp-phComput.Softw.Big Sci.(2023)·18 citations
15. 15*

    Measuring Hadronic Higgs Boson Branching Ratios at Future Lepton Colliders

    Max Knobbe🇩🇪 · Frank Krauss🇬🇧 · Daniel Reichelt🇬🇧 · Steffen Schumann🇩🇪

    We present a novel strategy for the simultaneous measurement of Higgs-boson branching ratios into gluons and light quarks at a future lepton collider operating in the Higgs-factory mode. Our method is based on template fits to global event-shape observables, and in particular fractional energy correlations, thereby exploiting differences in the QCD radiation patterns of quarks and gluons. In a constrained fit of the deviations of the light-flavour hadronic Higgs-boson branching ratios from their Standard Model expectations, based on an integrated luminosity of $5{\text{ab}}^{-1}$, we obtain $68\%$ confidence level limits of ${\mu }_{gg}=1\pm 0.05$ and ${\mu }_{q\bar{q}}<21$.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·26 citations
16. 16*

    A Scotogenic explanation for the 95 GeV excesses

    Pablo Escribano🇪🇸 · Victor Martin Lozano🇪🇸 · Avelino Vicente🇪🇸

    Several hints of the presence of a new state at about $95$ GeV have been observed recently. The CMS and ATLAS collaborations have reported excesses in the diphoton channel at about this diphoton invariant mass with local statistical significances of $2.9\sigma$ and $1.7\sigma$, respectively. Furthermore, a $2\sigma$ excess in the $b\bar{b}$ final state was also observed at LEP, again pointing at a similar mass value. We interpret these intriguing hints of new physics in a variant of the Scotogenic model, an economical scenario that induces Majorana neutrino masses at the loop level and includes a viable dark matter candidate. We show that our model can naturally explain the 95 GeV excesses while respecting all experimental constraints and discuss other phenomenological predictions of our scenario.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·37 citations
17. 17*

    Photon radiation by relatively slowly rotating fermions in magnetic field

    Matteo Buzzegoli🇺🇸 · Jonathan D. Kroth🇺🇸 · Kirill Tuchin🇺🇸 · Nandagopal Vijayakumar🇺🇸

    We study the electromagnetic radiation by a fermion carrying an electric charge $q$ embedded in a medium rotating with constant angular velocity $\mathbf{\Omega }$ parallel or anti-parallel to an external constant magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$. We assume that the rotation is "relatively slow"; namely, that the angular velocity $\Omega$ is much smaller than the inverse magnetic length $\sqrt{qB}$. In practice, such angular velocity can be extremely high. The fermion motion is a superposition of two circular motions: one due to its rigid rotation caused by forces exerted by the medium, another due to the external magnetic field. We derive an exact analytical expression for the spectral rate and the total intensity of this type of synchrotron radiation. Our numerical calculations indicate very high sensitivity of the radiation to the angular velocity of rotation. We show that the radiation intensity is strongly enhanced if $q\mathbf{B}$ and $\mathbf{\Omega }$ point in the opposite directions and is suppressed otherwise.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2023)·13 citations
18. 18*

    The 95.4 GeV di-photon excess at ATLAS and CMS

    T. Biekötter🇩🇪 · S. Heinemeyer🇪🇸 · G. Weiglein🇩🇪

    The ATLAS collaboration has recently reported the results of a low-mass Higgs-boson search in the di-photon final state based on the full Run 2 data set. The results are based on an improved analysis w.r.t. the previous analysis, which included a part of the Run 2 data, with a substantially better sensitivity. The ``model-dependent'' search carried out by ATLAS shows an excess of events at a mass of about 95.4 GeV with a local significance of $1.7\sigma$. The results are compatible with a previously reported excess at the same mass, but somewhat higher significance of $2.9\sigma$, from the CMS collaboration, also based on the full Run 2 data set. Combining the two results (neglecting possible correlations) we find a signal strength of ${\mu }_{\gamma \gamma }^{\mathrm{ATLAS}+\mathrm{CMS}}=0.24_{-0.08}^{+0.09}$, corresponding to an excess of $3.1\sigma$. In this work, we investigate the implications of this result, updating a previous analysis based solely on the CMS Run 2 data. We demonstrate that the ATLAS/CMS combined di-photon excess can be interpreted as the lightest Higgs boson in a Two-Higgs doublet model that is extended by a complex singlet (S2HDM) of Yukawa types II and IV, while being in agreement with all other experimental and theoretical constraints.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·89 citations
19. 19*

    Critical Points in Palatini Higgs Inflation with Small Non-Minimal Coupling

    Arthur Poisson🇩🇰 · Inar Timiryasov🇩🇰 · Sebastian Zell🇧🇪

    We investigate inflation driven by the Higgs boson in the Palatini formulation of General Relativity. Our analysis primarily focuses on a small non-minimal coupling of the Higgs field to gravity in the range $0<\xi \lesssim 1$. We incorporate the renormalization group running of the relevant parameters as computed within the Standard Model and allow for small corrections. In addition to $\xi$, our model features two tunable parameters: the low-energy value of the top Yukawa coupling and an effective jump of the Higgs self-interaction. Our results indicate that critical points leading to a large enhancement of the power spectrum can be produced. However, the observed amplitude of perturbations in the CMB cannot be matched within this setting. On the one hand, this makes it difficult to generate a sizable abundance of primordial black holes. On the other hand, our finding can be viewed as further evidence that Palatini Higgs inflation has favourable high-energy properties due to robustness against quantum corrections.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2024)·22 citations
20. 20*

    Quantifying the interplay of experimental constraints in analyses of parton distributions

    Xiaoxian Jing🇺🇸 · Amanda Cooper-Sarkar🇬🇧 · Aurore Courtoy🇲🇽 · Thomas Cridge🇩🇪 · Francesco Giuli🇨🇭 · Lucian Harland-Lang🇬🇧 · T. J. Hobbs🇺🇸 · Joey Huston🇺🇸 · Pavel Nadolsky🇺🇸 · Robert S. Thorne🇬🇧 · Keping Xie🇺🇸 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

    Parton distribution functions (PDFs) play a central role in calculations for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). To gain a deeper understanding of the emergence and interplay of constraints on the PDFs in the global QCD analyses, it is important to examine the relative significance and mutual compatibility of the experimental data sets included in the PDF fits. Toward this goal, we discuss the L2 sensitivity, a convenient statistical indicator for exploring the statistical pulls of individual data sets on the best-fit PDFs and identifying tensions between competing data sets. Unlike the Lagrange Multiplier method, the L2 sensitivity can be quickly computed for a range of PDFs and momentum fractions using the published Hessian error sets. We employ the L2 sensitivity as a common metric to study the relative importance of data sets in the recent ATLAS, CTEQ-TEA, MSHT, and reduced PDF4LHC21 PDF analyses at NNLO and approximate N3LO. We illustrate how this method can aid the users of PDFs to identify data sets that are important for a PDF at a given kinematic point, to study quark flavor composition and other detailed features of the PDFs, and to compare the data pulls on the PDFs for various perturbative orders and functional forms. We also address the feasibility of computing the sensitivities using Monte Carlo error PDFs. Together with the article, we present a companion interactive website with a large collection of plotted L2 sensitivities for eight recent PDF releases.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·38 citations
21. 21*

    Connecting Primordial Gravitational Waves and Dark Energy

    Tilek Zhumabek🇰🇿 · Mikhail Denissenya🇰🇿 · Eric V. Linder🇺🇸

    Cosmic acceleration manifested in the early universe as inflation, generating primordial gravitational waves detectable in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Cosmic acceleration is occurring again at present as dark energy, detectable in cosmic distance and structure surveys. We explore the intriguing idea of connecting the two occurrences through quintessential inflation by an $\alpha$-attractor potential without a cosmological constant. For this model we demonstrate robustness of the connection $1+w_0\approx 4/(3N^{2}r)$ between the present day dark energy equation of state parameter $w_0$ and the primordial tensor to scalar ratio $r$ for a wide range of initial conditions. Analytics and numerical solutions produce current thawing behavior, resulting in a tight relation $w_a\approx -1.53(1+w_0)\approx -0.2(4\times 10^{-3}/r)$. Upcoming CMB and galaxy redshift surveys can test this consistency condition. Within this model, lack of detection of a dark energy deviation from $\Lambda$ predicts a higher $r$, and lack of detection of $r$ predicts greater dark energy dynamics.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Entanglement Maximization in Low-Energy Neutron-Proton Scattering

    Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

    The entanglement properties of neutron-proton scattering are investigated using a measure that counts the number of entangled pairs produced by the action of a scattering operator on a given initial neutron-proton state. All phase shifts relevant for scattering at laboratory energies up to 350 MeV are used. Entanglement is found to be maximized in very low energy scattering. At such energies the Hamiltonian obeys Wigner SU(4) symmetry, and an entanglement maximum is a sign of that symmetry. At higher energies the angular dependence of entanglement is strong and the entanglement is large for many scattering angles. The tensor force is shown to play a significant role in producing entanglement at lab kinetic energies greater than about 50 MeV.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exquant-phPRC(2023)·46 citations
23. 23*

    Lattice study on a tetra-quark state $T_{bb}$ in the HAL QCD method

    Takafumi Aoki🇯🇵 · Sinya Aoki🇯🇵 · Takashi Inoue🇯🇵

    We study a doubly-bottomed tetra-quark state $(bb\bar{u}\bar{d})$ with quantum number $I(J^P)=0(1^{+})$, denoted by $T_{bb}$, in lattice QCD with the Non-Relativistic QCD (NRQCD) quark action for $b$ quarks. Employing $(2+1)$-flavor gauge configurations at $a\approx 0.09$ {fm} on $32^3\times 64$ lattices, we have extracted the coupled channel potential between $\bar{B}{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ and ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ in the HAL QCD method, which predicts an existence of a bound $T_{bb}$ below the $\bar{B}{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ threshold. By extrapolating results at $m_{\pi }\approx 410,570,700$ {MeV} to the physical pion mass $m_{\pi }\approx 140$ {MeV}, we obtain a biding energy with its statistical error as $E_{\mathrm{binding}}^{(\mathrm{single})}=155(17)$ MeV and $E_{\mathrm{binding}}^{(\mathrm{coupled})}=83(10)$ MeV, where ``coupled" means that effects due to virtual ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ states are included through the coupled channel potential, while only a potential for a single $\bar{B}{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ channel is used in the analysis for ``single". A comparison shows that the effect from virtual ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{\bar{B}}^{\ast }$ states is quite sizable to the binding energy of $T_{bb}$. We estimate systematic errors to be $\pm 20$ MeV at most, which are mainly caused by the NRQCD approximation for $b$ quarks.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·42 citations
24. 24*

    Spinning Black Holes with Axion Hair

    Clare Burrage🇬🇧 · Pedro G. S. Fernandes🇬🇧 · Richard Brito🇵🇹 · Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰

    In this work we construct and analyse non-perturbative stationary and axially-symmetric black hole solutions in General Relativity coupled to an electromagnetic and an axion field. The axion field is coupled to the electromagnetic field, which leads to hairy solutions in the presence of an electric charge and rotation. We investigate the existence and characteristics of these solutions for different values of the spin, charge and coupling constant. Our analysis shows the presence of violations of the Kerr-Newman bound, solutions with large positive and negative values of the gyromagnetic ratio, and the existence of multiple branches of solutions with distinct properties, demonstrating that black hole uniqueness does not hold in this scenario. The code used in this study is publicly available, providing a valuable tool for further research on this model.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thClass.Quant.Grav.(2023)·23 citations
25. 25*

    Potential Constraints to Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions Based on Electron Scattering Data

    V. Pandey🇺🇸

    A thorough understanding of neutrino-nucleus interactions physics is crucial to achieving precision goals in broader neutrino physics programs. The complexity of nuclei comprising the detectors and limited understanding of their weak response constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments - both at intermediate energies affecting the short- and long-baseline neutrino programs as well as at lower energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino programs. While electron and neutrino interactions are different at the primary vertex, many underlying relevant physical processes in the nucleus are the same in both cases, and electron scattering data collected with precisely controlled kinematics, large statistics and high precision allows one to constrain nuclear properties and specific interaction processes. To this end, electron-nucleus scattering experiments provide vital complementary information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. In fact, for many decades, the study of electron scattering off a nucleus has been used as a tool to probe the properties of that nucleus and its electromagnetic response. While previously existing electron scattering data provide important information, new and proposed measurements are tied closely to what is required for the neutrino program in terms of expanding kinematic reach, the addition of relevant nuclei and information on the final states hadronic system.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phnucl-exnucl-thPhys.Sci.Forum(2023)·2 citations
26. 26*

    Observational Evidence for Primordial Black Holes: A Positivist Perspective

    Bernard Carr🇬🇧 · Sebastien Clesse🇧🇪 · Juan Garcia-Bellido🇪🇸 · Michael Hawkins🇬🇧 · Florian Kuhnel🇩🇪

    We review numerous arguments for primordial black holes (PBHs) based on observational evidence from a variety of lensing, dynamical, accretion and gravitational-wave effects. This represents a shift from the usual emphasis on PBH constraints and provides what we term a positivist perspective. Microlensing observations of stars and quasars suggest that PBHs of around $1M_{\odot }$ could provide much of the dark matter in galactic halos, this being allowed by the Large Magellanic Cloud microlensing observations if the PBHs have an extended mass function. More generally, providing the mass and dark matter fraction of the PBHs is large enough, the associated Poisson fluctuations could generate the first bound objects at a much earlier epoch than in the standard cosmological scenario. This simultaneously explains the recent detection of high-redshift dwarf galaxies, puzzling correlations of the source-subtracted infrared and X-ray cosmic backgrounds, the size and the mass-to-light ratios of ultra-faint-dwarf galaxies, the dynamical heating of the Galactic disk, and the binary coalescences observed by LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA in a mass range not usually associated with stellar remnants. Even if PBHs provide only a small fraction of the dark matter, they could explain various other observational conundra, and sufficiently large ones could seed the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei or even early galaxies themselves. We argue that PBHs would naturally have formed around the electroweak, quantum chromodynamics and electron-positron annihilation epochs, when the sound-speed inevitably dips. This leads to an extended PBH mass function with a number of distinct bumps, the most prominent one being at around $1M_{\odot }$, and this would allow PBHs to explain many of the observations in a unified way.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPhys.Rept.(2024)·249 citations
27. 27*

    Uncovering axion-like particles in supernova gamma-ray spectra

    Francesca Calore🇫🇷 · Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪 · Christopher Eckner🇫🇷 · Maurizio Giannotti🇺🇸 · Giuseppe Lucente🇮🇹 · Alessandro Mirizzi🇮🇹 · Francesco Sivo🇮🇹

    A future Galactic Supernova (SN) explosion can lead to a gamma-ray signal induced by ultralight Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) thermally produced in the SN core and converted into high-energy photons in the Galactic magnetic field. The detection of such a signal is in the reach of the Large Area Telescope aboard the \emph{Fermi} Gamma-Ray Space Telescope. The observation of gamma-ray emission from a future SN has a sensitivity to $g_{a\gamma }\gtrsim 4\times 10^{-13}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ for a SN at fiducial distance of $10$ kpc and would allow us to reconstruct the ALP-photon coupling within a factor of $\sim 2$, mainly due to the uncertainties on the modeling of the Galactic magnetic field.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·22 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.