Tue·Jun 6, 2023Tuesday·June 6, 2023

1. 01*

   Quark mass dependence of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ resonances

   F. Gil-Domínguez🇪🇸 · R. Molina🇪🇸

   We determine the quark mass dependence - light and heavy - of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and $D_{s1}(2460)$ properties, such as, mass, coupling to $DK$, scattering lengths and compositeness, from a global analysis of $DK$ energy levels from LQCD. In particular, we analyze the HSC energy levels for $DK$ scattering in $I=0$ for different boosts and two pion masses. The formalism is based in the local hidden-gauge interaction of Weinberg-Tomozawa type which respects chiral and heavy quark spin symmetries, supplemented by a term that takes into account the $D^{(\ast )}K$ coupling to a bare $c\bar{s}$ component. The isospin violating decay of the $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)\to D_s^{+}{\pi }^0$ is also evaluated.

   hep-phhep-latPRD(2024)·21 citations
2. 02*

   Illuminating all-hadronic final states with a photon: Exotic decays of the Higgs boson to four bottom quarks in vector boson fusion plus gamma at hadron colliders

   Stephen T. Roche🇺🇸 · Benjamin T. Carlson🇺🇸 · Christopher R. Hayes🇺🇸 · Tae Min Hong🇺🇸

   We investigate the potential to detect Higgs boson decays to four bottom quarks through a pair of pseudoscalars, a final state that is predicted by many theories beyond the Standard Model. For the first time, the signal sensitivity is evaluated for the final state using the vector boson fusion (VBF) production with and without an associated photon, for the Higgs at $m_H=125\text{GeV}$, at hadron colliders. The signal significance is $4$ to $6\sigma$, depending on the pseudoscalar mass $m_a$, when setting the the Higgs decay branching ratio to unity, using an integrated luminosity of $150{\text{fb}}^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}=13\text{TeV}$. This corresponds to an upper limit of $0.3$, on the Higgs branching ratio to four bottom quarks, with a non-observation of the decay. We also consider several variations of selection requirements - input variables for the VBF tagging and the kinematic variables for the photon - that could help guide the design of new triggers for the Run-3 period of the LHC and for the HL-LHC.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Impact of SeaQuest data on PDF fits at large $x$

   S. Alekhin🇩🇪 · M. V. Garzelli🇩🇪 · S. Kulagin🇷🇺 · S.-O. Moch🇩🇪

   We evaluate the impact of recent SeaQuest (E906 experiment) data on dimuon production in proton-deuteron and proton-proton collisions on parton distribution functions (PDFs). We find these data in a good agreement with the QCD predictions based on PDFs fitted to the Tevatron and LHC data on forward production of $W$ and $Z$ bosons. As a basis for this study we use the ABMP16 PDF fits and show that they turn out to be compatible with the SeaQuest data, and that these data have constraining power, allowing to reduce the uncertainties on the isospin asymmetry of the light-sea-quark distribution at large longitudinal momentum fraction $x$. We discuss the nuclear corrections needed to describe the deuteron and show that they affect the theoretical description of the proton-deuteron Drell-Yan cross section at the level of $\mathcal{O}(0.5-1)$\%. We also comment on the compatibility of the SeaQuest results with other state-of-the-art PDF fits and show that these data are in clear disagreement with models proposing an SU(3)-flavor symmetric quark sea. Finally, we perform a comparison between the second Mellin moments of the light-quark PDFs and recent results from various lattice QCD computations, which demonstrates good compatibility, albeit limited by the uncertainties inherent in current lattice QCD simulations.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·13 citations
4. 04*

   The prediction of using LHAASO's cosmic-ray electron measurements to constrain decaying heavy dark matter

   Ben-Yang Zhu🇨🇳 · Yun-Feng Liang🇨🇳

   LHAASO is an instrument designed for detecting cosmic rays (CRs) and gamma rays at TeV to PeV energies. The decays of heavy dark matter particles in the Galactic halo may produce high-energy electrons that can be detected by LHAASO. The main background for the LHAASO's CR electron measurements is the hadron residuals due to mis-identification of the particle species. In this paper, we estimate the LHAASO's electron background using the known all-particle CR spectrum and the hadron rejection efficiency of LHAASO. With the estimated background, we predict the capability of LHAASO to constrain DM decay lifetime at 95% confidence level for various channels. We find that, if neglecting systematic uncertainties, the CR electron measurement by LHAASO can improve the current best results by up to on order of magnitude for DM masses between 100 - 1000TeV. However, indirect measurements of CR electrons by ground-based experiments suffer from uncertainties included in the calculation, the projected constraints will be largely weakened. So for using the CR electron observation of LHAASO to constrain the DM parameters, the key point is whether the systematic error can be effectively reduced.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·7 citations
5. 05*

   Twist decomposition of non-linear effects in Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution of proton structure functions

   Leszek Motyka🇵🇱 · Mariusz Sadzikowski (Jagiellonian University)🇵🇱

   Effects of non-linear small-x evolution of the gluon distribution given by the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation are analyzed within the collinear approximation framework. We perform a twist decomposition of the proton structure functions F2 and FL obtained from the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation using the Mellin representation of the scattering cross-sections at high energies. In both the structure functions we find strong corrections coming from the non-linear effects in the gluon evolution at twist 2, and strongly suppressed higher twist effects. This implies that unitarization effects of high energy scattering amplitudes are mostly the leading twist effect. Furthermore we consider the double logarithmic limit of the Balitsky--Kovchegov equation for the collinear gluon distribution, and compare the result to the Gribov-Levin-Ryskin equation. We find that these two equations differ by two powers of the hard scale logarithm for the large scales.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Isospin violating decays of vector charmonia

   Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳 · Chia-Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Jiabao Zhang

   We study the isospin violating decays of vector charmonia to $\Lambda {\overline{\Sigma }}^0$ and its charge conjugate. They are dominated by the single photon annihilation and can be evaluated reliably with timelike form factors. We utilize the quark-pair creation model, which is valid for the OZI suppressed decays, to evaluate the form factors. We obtain the branching fractions of $\mathcal{B}(J/\psi \to \Lambda {\overline{\Sigma }}^0+c.c.)=(2.4\pm 0.4)\times 10^{-5}$ and $\mathcal{B}(\psi (2S)\to \Lambda {\overline{\Sigma }}^0+c.c.)=(3.0\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-6}$, which are compatible with the measurements by the BESIII collaborations, respectively. The decay asymmetries are found to be ${\alpha }_{J/\psi }=0.314$ and ${\alpha }_{\psi (2S)}=0.461$, which can be examined at BESIII in the foreseeable future.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Heavy-flavor transport and hadronization in pp collisions

   Andrea Beraudo🇮🇹 · Arturo De Pace🇮🇹 · Daniel Pablos🇮🇹 · Francesco Prino🇮🇹 · Marco Monteno🇮🇹 · Marzia Nardi🇮🇹

   Recent experimental results on the Lambda_c/D^0 ratio in proton-proton collisions have revealed a significant enhancement compared to expectations based on universal fragmentation fractions/functions across different colliding systems, from e+e- to pp. This unexpected enhancement has sparked speculation about the potential effects of a deconfined medium impacting hadronization, previously considered exclusive to heavy-ion collisions. In this study, we propose a novel approach that assumes the formation of a small, deconfined, and expanding fireball even in pp collisions, where charm quarks can undergo rescattering and hadronization. We make use of the same in-medium hadronization mechanism developed for heavy-ion collisions, which involves local color-neutralization through recombination of charm quarks with nearby opposite color charges from the background fireball. Our model incorporates the presence of diquark excitations in the hot medium, which promotes the formation of charmed baryons. Moreover, the recombination process, involving closely aligned partons from the same fluid cell, effectively transfers the collective flow of the system to the final charmed hadrons. We show that this framework can qualitatively reproduce the observed experimental findings in heavy-flavor particle-yield ratios, $p_T$-spectra and elliptic-flow coefficients. Our results provide new, complementary supporting evidence that the collective phenomena observed in small systems naturally have the same origin as those observed in heavy-ion collisions

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·43 citations
8. 08*

   Notes on the inverse Compton scattering

   Kirill Bornikov🇷🇺 · Igor Volobuev🇷🇺 · Yuri Popov🇷🇺

   The paper deals with kinematic conditions for the inverse Compton scattering of photons by relativistic electrons and the polarizations of the colliding particles, which affect the value of the differential cross section of the process. A significant influence of the electron and photon helicity on the value of the cross section has been found. In the ultrarelativistic case, a surprising effect of an almost twofold increase in the cross section of scattering in the direction of the initial electron momentum has also been discovered, when the initial photon momentum is transverse to that of the initial electron.

   hep-phquant-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2023)·1 citation
9. 09*

   GALILEO: Galactic Axion Laser Interferometer Leveraging Electro-Optics

   Reza Ebadi🇺🇸 · David E. Kaplan🇺🇸 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸 · Ronald L. Walsworth🇺🇸

   We propose a novel experimental method for probing light dark matter candidates. We show that an electro-optical material's refractive index is modified in the presence of a coherently oscillating dark matter background. A high-precision resonant Michelson interferometer can be used to read out this signal. The proposed detection scheme allows for the exploration of an uncharted parameter space of dark matter candidates over a wide range of masses -- including masses exceeding a few tens of microelectronvolts, which is a challenging parameter space for microwave cavity haloscopes.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2024)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Higher flow harmonics of strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with HYDJET++ model

    Gauri Devi (Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005)🇮🇳 · Arpit Singh (Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005)🇮🇳 · Saraswati Pandey (Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005)🇮🇳 · B. K. Singh (Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005)🇮🇳

    Using the HYDJET++ model, we measure the higher-order flow harmonics $v_n$(n=2,3,4) of (multi-) strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. We have compared our model results and experimental data at RHIC and LHC energies. The model reproduces the higher flow harmonics of (multi-) strange hadrons as a function of $p_T$, centrality, and quark content. We have studied and discussed mass ordering of flows $v_n$(n=2,3,4) among ${\pi }^{+}+{\pi }^{-}$, $K^{-}+K^{+}$, $K_s^0$, $p+\overline{p}$, $\Lambda +\overline{\Lambda }$, ${\Xi }^{-}+{\overline{\Xi }}^{+}$, ${\Omega }^{-}+{\overline{\Omega }}^{+}$ at low $p_T$ and the baryon-meson grouping at intermediate $p_T$. NCQ scaling using the HYDJET++ model and its comparison with experimental results at RHIC and LHC energies have also been discussed. Study of flow harmonics behaviour in RHIC and LHC energy regimes will provide an additional insight into the dynamics of anisotropic flow and the effect of radial flow expansion in the system.

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2023)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Lepton pair production in UPCs: towards the precision test of the resummation formalism

    Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · Cheng Zhang🇨🇳 · Jian Zhou🇨🇳 · Ya Jin Zhou🇨🇳

    We present a detailed investigation of the azimuthal asymmetries and acoplanarity in lepton pair production in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs). These observables provide a unique opportunity to test the SCET resummation formalism, given the extremely high photon flux in UPCs, which enables precise measurements of these processes. We improve the accuracy of the previous calculations by including the soft photon contributions beyond the double leading logarithm approximation. Notably, the single logarithm terms arising from the collinear region are greatly enhanced by the small mass of the leptons. Our findings demonstrate the accessibility of these sub-leading logarithm resummation effects through the analysis of angular correlations in lepton pairs produced in UPCs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

    hep-phPRD(2023)·24 citations
12. 12*

    Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at Future Electron-Ion Colliders

    Gang Xie🇨🇳 · Wei Kou🇨🇳 · Qiang Fu🇨🇳 · Zhenyu Ye🇺🇸 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳

    The study of hadronic structure has been carried out for many years. Generalized parton distribution functions (GPDs) give broad information on the internal structure of hadrons. Combining GPDs and high-energy scattering experiments, we expect yielding three-dimensional physical quantities from experiments. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process is a powerful tool to study GPDs. It is one of the important experiments of Electron Ion Collider (EIC) and Electron ion collider at China (EicC) in the future. In the initial stage, the proposed EicC will have $3\sim 5$ GeV polarized electrons on $12\sim 25$ GeV polarized protons, with luminosity up to $1\sim 2\times 10^{33}$cm${}^{-2}$s${}^{-1}$. EIC will be constructed in coming years, which will cover the variable c.m. energies from 30 to 50 GeV, with the luminosity about $10^{33}\sim 10^{34}$cm${}^{-2}$s${}^{-1}$. In this work we present a detailed simulation of DVCS to study the feasibility of experiments at EicC and EIC. Referring the method used by HERMES Collaboration, and comparing the model calculations with pseudo data of asymmetries attributed to the DVCS, we obtained a model-dependent constraint on the total angular momentum of up and down quarks in the proton.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·10 citations
13. 13*

    CP violation in light neutrino oscillations and heavy neutrino decays: a general and explicit seesaw-bridged correlation

    Zhi-zhong Xing🇨🇳

    With the help of a block parametrization of the canonical seesaw flavor textures in terms of the Euler-like rotation angles and CP-violaing phases, we derive a general and explicit expression for the Jarlskog invariant of CP violation in neutrino oscillations and compare it with the CP-violating asymmetries of heavy Majorana neutrino decays within the minimal seesaw framework which contains two right-handed neutrino fields. Two simplified scenarios are discussed to illustrate how direct or indirect the correlation between these two types of CP violation can be.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2023)·8 citations
14. 14*

    Perturbative QCD concerning light and heavy flavor in the EPOS4 framework

    K. Werner🇫🇷 · B. Guiot🇨🇱

    We recently introduced new concepts, implemented in EPOS4, which allow to consistently accommodate factorization and saturation in high energy proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions, in a rigorous parallel scattering framework. EPOS4 has a modular structure and in this paper, we present in detail how the "single scattering module" (the main EPOS4 building block) is related to perturbative QCD, and how these calculations are performed, with particular care being devoted to heavy flavor contributions. We discuss similarities and differences compared to the usual pQCD approach based on factorization.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·56 citations
15. 15*

    Proton decay

    Tommy Ohlsson🇸🇪

    Proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which protons are assumed to decay into lighter particles. This form of decay has yet to be detected. In this contribution to the proceedings of Neutrino 2022, we review the current status of proton decay, covering both experimental results and theoretical models, including their predictions.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2023)·25 citations
16. 16*

    New Symmetries of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model

    Pedro M. Ferreira🇵🇹 · Bohdan Grzadkowski🇵🇱 · Odd Magne Ogreid🇳🇴 · Per Osland🇳🇴

    The Two Higgs Doublet Model invariant under the gauge group SU(2)xU(1) is known to have six additional global discrete or continuous symmetries of its scalar sector. We have discovered regions of parameter space of the model which are basis and renormalization group invariant to all orders of perturbation theory in the scalar and gauge sectors, but correspond to none of the hitherto considered symmetries. We therefore identify seven new symmetries of the model and discuss their phenomenology. Soft symmetry breaking is required for some of these models so that electroweak symmetry breaking can occur. We show that, at least at the two-loop level, it is possible to extend some of these symmetries to include fermions.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·22 citations
17. 17*

    Functional Directed Acyclical Graphs for Scattering Amplitudes in Perturbation Theory

    Thorsten Ohl (University of Würzburg)🇩🇪

    I describe a mathematical framework for the efficient processing of the very large sets of Feynman diagrams contributing to the scattering of many particles. I reexpress the established numerical methods for the recursive construction of scattering elements as operations on compact abstract data types. This allows efficient perturbative computations in arbitrary models, as long as they can be described by an effective, not necessarily local, Lagrangian.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Curing the high-energy perturbative instability of vector-quarkonium-photoproduction cross sections at order $\alpha {\alpha }_s^3$ with high-energy factorisation

    Jean-Philippe Lansberg🇫🇷 · Maxim Nefedov🇫🇷 · Melih A. Ozcelik🇫🇷

    We cure the perturbative instability of the total-inclusive-photoproduction cross sections of vector $S$-wave quarkonia observed at high photon-proton-collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{\gamma p}}$) in Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) Collinear-Factorisation (CF) computations. This is achieved using High-Energy Factorisation (HEF) in the Doubly-Logarithmic Approximation (DLA), which is a subset of the Leading-Logarithmic Approximation (LLA) of HEF which resums higher-order QCD corrections proportional to ${\alpha }_s^n{\ln }^{n-1}(\hat{s}/M^2)$ in the Regge limit $\hat{s}\gg M^2$ with $M^2$ being the quarkonium mass and $\hat{s}$ is the squared partonic-center-of-mass energy. Such a DLA is strictly consistent with the NLO and NNLO DGLAP evolutions of the Parton Distribution Functions. By improving the treatment of the large-$\hat{s}$ asymptotics of the CF coefficient function, the resummation cures the unphysical results of the NLO CF calculation. The matching is directly performed in $\hat{s}$ space using the Inverse-Error Weighting matching procedure which avoids any possible double counting. The obtained cross sections are in good agreement with data. In addition, the scale-variation uncertainty of the matched result is significantly reduced compared to the LO results. Our calculations also yield closed-form analytic limits for $\hat{s}\gg M^2$ of the NLO partonic CF and numerical limits for contributions to those at NNLO scaling like ${\alpha }_s^2\ln (\hat{s}/M^2)$.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·20 citations
19. 19*

    Heavy quark drag and diffusion coefficients in the pre-hydrodynamic QCD plasma

    Xiaojian Du🇪🇸

    Kinetic and chemical equilibrations play important roles in the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs). These processes further influence the production of hard and electromagnetic probes in HICs, in particular, the thermalization of heavy quarks, which are produced at an extremely early time before the formation of the QGP. We calculate the drag and diffusion coefficients of heavy quarks in the pre-hydrodynamic quantum chromodynamic (QCD) plasma with the state-of-the-art QCD effective kinetic theory (EKT) solver. We present the time, momentum, and angular dependencies of these coefficients for gluon and quark contributions separately, showing the effects of isotropization and chemical equilibration from the QCD plasma. We also provide a simple formula to estimate the heavy quark drag and diffusion coefficients, as well as its energy loss, within the pre-hydrodynamic plasma at different coupling strengths based on the attractor theory. We then discuss the validity of these estimations with leading-order calculations and leading-logarithmic rescaling factors.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·19 citations
20. 20*

    A new method to constrain annihilating dark matter

    Man Ho Chan🇨🇳 · Chak Man Lee🇨🇳

    Recent indirect searches of dark matter using gamma-ray, radio, and cosmic-ray data have provided some stringent constraints on annihilating dark matter. In this article, we propose a new indirect method to constrain annihilating dark matter. By using the data of the G2 cloud near the Galactic supermassive black hole Sgr A*, we can get stringent constraints on the parameter space of dark matter mass and the annihilation cross section, especially for the non-leptophilic annihilation channels $b\bar{b}$ and $W^{\pm }$. For the thermal annihilation cross section, the lower bounds of dark matter mass can be constrained up to TeV order for the non-leptophilic channels with the standard spike index ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{sp}}=7/3$.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAMNRAS(2023)·5 citations
21. 21*

    Normal single-spin asymmetries in electron-proton scattering: two-photon exchange with intermediate state resonances

    Jaseer Ahmed🇧🇩 · P. G. Blunden🇨🇦 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸

    We calculate the beam ($B_n$) and target ($A_n$) normal single-spin asymmetries in electron-proton elastic scattering from two-photon exchange amplitudes with resonance intermediate states of spin-parity $1/2^{\pm }$ and $3/2^{\pm }$ and mass $W\lesssim 1.8$ GeV. The latest CLAS exclusive meson electroproduction data are used as input for the transition amplitudes from the proton to the excited resonance states. For $B_n$, the spin 3/2 resonances dominate by an order of magnitude over the spin 1/2 states. In general we observe cancellations between the negative contributions of the $\Delta (1232)$ and $N(1520)$ across both beam energy and scattering angle, and the positive contributions of the $\Delta (1700)$ and $N(1720)$, leading to a rather large overall uncertainty band in the total $B_n$. At forward angles and beam energies $E_{\text{lab}}<1$ GeV, where the $\Delta (1232)$ dominates, the calculated $B_n$ tend to overshoot the A4 and SAMPLE data. The calculated $B_n$ compare well with the measured values from the A4 and $Q_{\text{weak}}$ experiments with $E_{\text{lab}}>1$ GeV.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2023)·11 citations
22. 22*

    The influence of supersymmetric quirk particles on the W mass increment and the muon g-2 anomaly

    Guo-Li Liu🇨🇳

    In quirk assisted Standard Model, the couplings between the exotic particles "quirks" and the gauge bosons may contribute to the W mass and muon g-2 anomaly reported by FermiLab. We calculate the contributions from supersymmetric quirk particles as an example. Imposing the theoretical constraints, we found that the CDF II W-boson mass increment constrains strictly the mixing and coupling parameters and the quirk mass m_F, while muon g-2 anomaly cannot be explained by the exotic particles with their large masses.

    hep-ph1 citation
23. 23*

    The transverse momentum distribution of J/{\psi} mesons produced in pp collisions at the LHC

    Li-Na Gao🇨🇳 · Er-Qin Wang🇨🇳

    The transverse momentum distributions of J/{\psi}mesons produced in pp collisions at the center-of-mass energy 5 TeV, 7TeV, and 13 TeV are described by the modified Hagedorn function. The fitting results by the modified Hagedorn function are in accord with experimental data measured by the LHCb Collaboration at LHC. The related parameters are obtained and analyzed.

    hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·0 citations
24. 24*

    Dynamically-assisted nonlinear Breit-Wheeler pair production in bichromatic laser fields of circular polarization

    N. Mahlin🇩🇪 · S. Villalba-Chávez🇩🇪 · C. Müller🇩🇪

    Production of electron-positron pairs by a high-energy $\gamma$ photon and a bichromatic laser wave is considered where the latter is composed of a strong low-frequency and a weak high-frequency component, both with circular polarization. An integral expression for the production rate is derived that accounts for the strong laser mode to all orders and for the weak laser mode to first order. The structure of this formula resembles the well-known expression for the nonlinear Breit-Wheeler process in a strong laser field, but includes the dynamical assistance from the weak laser mode. We analyze the dependence of the dynamical rate enhancement on the applied field parameters and show, in particular, that it is substantially higher when the two laser modes have opposite helicity.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
25. 25*

    On the decay mode ${\Lambda }_b\to X_s\gamma$

    P. Colangelo🇮🇹 · F. De Fazio🇮🇹 · F. Loparco🇮🇹

    We study the inclusive $H_b\to X_s\gamma$ decay with $H_b$ a beauty baryon, in particular ${\Lambda }_b$, employing an expansion in the heavy quark mass at $O(m_b^{-3})$ at leading order in ${\alpha }_s$, keeping the dependence on the hadron spin. For a polarized baryon we compute the distribution $\frac{d^2\Gamma }{dyd\cos {\theta }_P}$, with $y=2E_{\gamma }/m_b$, $E_{\gamma }$ the photon energy and ${\theta }_P$ the angle between the baryon spin vector and the photon momentum in the $H_b$ rest-frame. We discuss the correlation between the baryon and photon polarization, and show that effects of physics beyond the Standard Model can modify the photon polarization asymmetry. We also discuss a method to treat the singular terms in the photon energy spectrum obtained by the OPE.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2023)·3 citations
26. 26*

    Novel approach to investigate $\eta$ decays via ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \pi \pi \eta$

    Xiaolin Kang🇨🇳 · Yuyao Ji🇨🇳 · Xiaoqing Yuan🇨🇳 · Benhou Xiang🇨🇳 · Xiaorong Zhou🇨🇳 · Haiping Peng🇨🇳 · Xingtao Huang🇨🇳 · Shuangshi Fang🇨🇳

    To avoid the impact from the background events directly from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilations or $J/\psi$ decays, we propose a novel approach to investigate $\eta$ decays, in particular for its rare or forbidden decays, by using ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \pi \pi \eta$ produced in $J/\psi$ decays at the $\tau -$charm factories. Based on the MC studies of a few typical decays, $\eta \to \pi \pi$, $\gamma l^{+}{l}^{-}(l=e,\mu )$, $l^{+}{l}^{-}$, as well as $l^{+}{l}^{-}{\pi }^0$, the sensitivities could be obviously improved by taking advantage of the extra constraint of ${\eta }^{\prime }$. Using one trillion $J/\psi$ events accumulated at the Super $\tau$-Charm facility, the precision on the investigation of $\eta$ decays could be improved significantly and the observation of the rare decay $\eta \to e^{+}{e}^{-}$ is even accessable.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·5 citations
27. 27*

    Exploring the linear space of Feynman integrals via generating functions

    Xin Guan🇨🇳 · Xiang Li🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳

    Deriving a comprehensive set of reduction rules for Feynman integrals has been a longstanding challenge. In this paper, we present a proposed solution to this problem utilizing generating functions of Feynman integrals. By establishing and solving differential equations of these generating functions, we are able to derive a system of reduction rules that effectively reduce any associated Feynman integrals to their bases. We illustrate this method through various examples and observe its potential value in numerous scenarios.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·16 citations
28. 28*

    Full treatment of the thrust distribution in single inclusive $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to hX$ processes

    M. Boglione🇮🇹 · A. Simonelli🇺🇸

    Extending the transverse momentum dependent factorization to thrust dependent observables entails a series of difficulties, ultimately associated to the behavior of soft radiation. As a consequence, the definition of the transverse momentum dependent functions has to be revised, while preserving (and possibly extending) their universality properties. Moreover, the regularization of the rapidity divergences generates non trivial correlations between rapidity and thrust. In this paper, we show how to deal with these correlations in a consistent treatment of the thrust dependence of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to hX$ cross section, where the hadron transverse momentum is measured with respect to the thrust axis. In this framework all results obtained in the past few years properly fit together, leading to a remarkable phenomenological description of the experimental measurements.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·22 citations
29. 29*

    Heavy Flavoured Meson Fragmentation Functions in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation up to NNLO + NNLL

    Leonardo Bonino🇨🇭 · Matteo Cacciari🇫🇷 · Giovanni Stagnitto🇨🇭

    In this contribution, we make use of the QCD perturbative fragmentation function formalism to describe the one-particle inclusive fragmentation of a heavy quark produced in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_S^2)$. We perform the computation analytically in Mellin-space. We resum soft-gluons effects in initial conditions and coefficient functions and perform evolution up to NNLL accuracy, obtaining the first NNLO + NNLL prediction for charm quark production. We study the impact of different matching schemes and Landau pole prescriptions in soft-gluon resummation, finding significant differences. We extract simple non-perturbative fragmentation functions for $B$ and $D^{\ast }$ mesons by comparing the perturbative prediction with the data from CLEO, BELLE and LEP experiments. We find that for charm mesons the experimental results from CLEO/BELLE and from LEP are not reconcilable with the standard DGLAP evolution.

    hep-ph5 citations
30. 30*

    Renormalization Group Equations for the SMEFT Operators up to Dimension Seven

    Di Zhang🇩🇪

    In this paper, we propose a Green's basis and also a new physical basis for dimension-seven (dim-7) operators, which are suitable for the matching of ultraviolet models onto the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) and the deviation of renormalization group equations (RGEs) for dim-7 operators in the SMEFT. The reduction relations to convert operators in the Green's basis to those in the physical basis are achieved as well, where some redundant dim-6 operators in the Green's basis are involved if the dim-5 operator exists. Working in these two bases for dim-7 operators and with the help of the reduction relations, we work out the one-loop RGEs resulting from the mixing among different dimensional operators for the dim-5 and dim-7 operators up to $\mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda }^{-3}\right)$ in the SMEFT. These new results complete the previous results for RGEs of the dim-5 and dim-7 operators and hence can be used for a consistent one-loop analysis of the SMEFT at $\mathcal{O}\left({\Lambda }^{-3}\right)$.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·28 citations
31. 31*

    P and CP solution of the strong CP puzzle

    Ravi Kuchimanchi🇺🇸

    We use parity (P) to set ${\theta }_{QCD}$ to zero in the minimal left-right symmetric model with a bi-doublet Higgs, add a heavy vectorlike quark family, and obtain in a novel manner the Nelson Barr (NB) form associated so far only with spontaneous CP solution to the strong CP Puzzle. Our solution does not have the `coincidence of scales problem', that typically plagues NB models. P protects $\bar{\theta }$, if it breaks at a scale $v_R$ below the mass $M$ of the heavy quarks, and $\bar{\theta }\sim 10^{-9}(v_R/M{)}^2$ is radiatively generated, which can be acceptably small. On the other hand, if $M<v_R$, the $\bar{\theta }\sim 10^{-9}$ generated by the NB mechanism is too large, but if ${\delta }_{CKM}$ is obtained without the NB form, surprisingly a lower irreducible $\bar{\theta }\sim (10^{-13}to10^{-10})ln(v_R/M)$, testable by neutron EDM experiments is generated. No leptonic CP violation is generated (Dirac phase ${\delta }_{CP}=0or\pi$ in PMNS matrix) which makes the minimal model testable by neutrino experiments. We also discuss some challenges in a non-minimal model that generates leptonic CP violation. Lastly but importantly, we find with doublet rather than bi-doublet Higgses, that there is an automatic NB solution on imposing CP (the NB form is accidental due to $SU(2{)}_R$), which does not require generalized parity and needs just one mirror generation.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·13 citations
32. 32*

    Constraints on long-lived di-baryons and di-baryonic dark matter

    Glennys R. Farrar🇺🇸 · Zihui Wang🇺🇸

    A color-flavor-spin singlet state of six quarks $uuddss$ ($S$, or sexaquark) has been argued to be a potentially undiscovered deeply bound, long-lived hadron. Theoretical calculations of the $S$ mass have been made in the literature, widely varying from deeply-bound $\sim 1.2$ GeV to weakly-bound $\sim 2.2$ GeV. Given the spread of the mass predictions, it is vital to derive observational constraints on the state as a function of the mass. The transition rates between $S$ and two baryons are governed by $\tilde{g}$, the effective Yukawa coupling between $S$ and two baryons with the same quantum numbers as $S$. In this paper, we place strong observational constraints on $\tilde{g}$, improving on various previous limits; additional limits assuming $S$ is dark matter are also presented.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-ex9 citations
33. 33*

    Symmetries and Selection Rules: Optimising Axion Haloscopes for Gravitational Wave Searches

    Valerie Domcke🇨🇭 · Camilo Garcia-Cely🇪🇸 · Sung Mook Lee🇰🇷 · Nicholas L. Rodd🇨🇭

    In the presence of electromagnetic fields, both axions and gravitational waves (GWs) induce oscillating magnetic fields: a potentially detectable fingerprint of their presence. We demonstrate that the response is largely dictated by the symmetries of the instruments used to search for it. Focussing on low mass axion haloscopes, we derive selection rules that determine the parametric sensitivity of different detector geometries to axions and GWs, and which further reveal how to optimise the experimental geometry to maximise both signals. The formalism allows us to forecast the optimal sensitivity to GWs in the range of 100 kHz to 100 MHz for instruments such as ABRACADABRA, BASE, ADMX SLIC, SHAFT, WISPLC, and DMRadio.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qc+1JHEP(2024)·44 citations
34. 34*

    Dark Matter Through the Axion-Gluon Portal

    Patrick J. Fitzpatrick🇮🇱 · Yonit Hochberg🇮🇱 · Eric Kuflik🇮🇱 · Rotem Ovadia🇮🇱 · Yotam Soreq🇮🇱

    Axion-like-particles are a well-motivated extension of the Standard Model that can mediate interactions between the dark matter and ordinary matter. Here we consider an axion portal between the two sectors, where the axion couples to dark matter and to QCD gluons. We establish the relevant processes of interest across the scales of dark matter and axion masses and couplings, identify the distinct mechanisms that control the dark matter relic abundance in each case, and extract the resulting experimental signatures of the gluonic axion portal to dark matter.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·36 citations
35. 35*

    Inclusive $\bar{B}\to X_s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ with a hadronic mass cut

    Tobias Huber🇩🇪 · Tobias Hurth🇩🇪 · Jack Jenkins🇺🇸 · Enrico Lunghi🇺🇸

    The hadronic mass spectrum of inclusive $\bar{B}\to X_s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ is investigated at next to leading order in the heavy quark expansion. For mild cuts on the hadronic mass, the expansion, which applies when the cut is released, remains convergent. However, the cuts used at BaBar and Belle to reduce backgrounds from charged current semileptonic processes are too severe for a description in terms of matrix elements of local operators to apply. Strategies for interpolating between the two regions are discussed.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·6 citations
36. 36*

    Effective field theory for radiative corrections to charged-current processes I: Vector coupling

    Vincenzo Cirigliano🇺🇸 · Wouter Dekens🇺🇸 · Emanuele Mereghetti🇺🇸 · Oleksandr Tomalak🇺🇸

    We study radiative corrections to low-energy charged-current processes involving nucleons, such as neutron beta decay and (anti)neutrino-nucleon scattering within a top-down effective-field-theory approach. We first match the Standard Model to the low-energy effective theory valid below the weak scale and, using renormalization group equations with anomalous dimensions of $\mathcal{O}(\alpha ,\alpha {\alpha }_s,{\alpha }^2)$, evolve the resulting effective coupling down to the hadronic scale. Here, we first match to heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory and subsequently, below the pion-mass scale, to a pionless effective theory, evolving the effective vector coupling with anomalous dimensions of $\mathcal{O}(\alpha ,{\alpha }^2)$ all the way down to the scale of the electron mass, relevant for beta decays. We thus provide a new evaluation of the ``inner" radiative corrections to the vector coupling constant and to the neutron decay rate, discussing differences with the previous literature. Using our new result for the radiative corrections, we update the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $V_{ud}$ from the neutron decay.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·71 citations
37. 37*

    QCD Axion-Mediated Dark Matter

    Jeff Dror🇺🇸 · Stefania Gori🇺🇸 · Pankaj Munbodh🇺🇸

    A QCD axion with a decay constant below $10^{11}\mathrm{GeV}$ is a strongly-motivated extension to the Standard Model, though its relic abundance from the misalignment mechanism or decay of cosmic defects is insufficient to explain the origin of dark matter. Nevertheless, such an axion may still play an important role in setting the dark matter density if it mediates a force between the SM and the dark sector. In this work, we explore QCD axion-mediated freeze-out and freeze-in scenarios, finding that the axion can play a critical role for setting the dark matter density. Assuming the axion solves the strong CP problem makes this framework highly predictive, and we comment on experimental targets.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·31 citations
38. 38*

    Stepped Partially Acoustic Dark Matter: Likelihood Analysis and Cosmological Tensions

    Manuel A. Buen-Abad🇺🇸 · Zackaria Chacko🇺🇸 · Can Kilic🇺🇸 · Gustavo Marques-Tavares🇺🇸 · Taewook Youn🇺🇸

    We generalize the recently proposed Stepped Partially Acoustic Dark Matter (SPartAcous) model by including additional massless degrees of freedom in the dark radiation sector. We fit SPartAcous and its generalization against cosmological precision data from the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, large-scale structure, supernovae type Ia, and Cepheid variables. We find that SPartAcous significantly reduces the $H_0$ tension but does not provide any meaningful improvement of the $S_8$ tension, while the generalized model succeeds in addressing both tensions, and provides a better fit than $\Lambda \mathrm{CDM}$ and other dark sector models proposed to address the same tensions. In the generalized model, $H_0$ can be raised to $71.4km/s/Mpc$ (the 95% upper limit) if the fitted data does not include the direct measurement from the SH0ES collaboration, and to $73.7km/s/Mpc$ (95% upper limit) if it does. A version of $\text{CLASS}$ that has been modified to analyze this model is publicly available at https://github.com/ManuelBuenAbad/class_spartacous

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·26 citations
39. 39*

    Boson Star Superradiance

    He-Yu Gao🇯🇵 · Paul M. Saffin🇬🇧 · Yi-Jie Wang🇨🇳 · Qi-Xin Xie🇨🇳 · Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

    Recently, it has been realized that in some systems internal space rotation can induce energy amplification for scattering waves, similar to rotation in real space. Particularly, it has been shown that energy extraction is possible for a Q-ball, a stationary non-topological soliton that is coherently rotating in its field space. In this paper, we generalize the analysis to the case of boson stars, and show that the same energy extraction mechanism still works for boson stars.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thSCPMA(2024)·17 citations
40. 40*

    Axion effective potentials induced by heavy sterile fermions

    Nick E. Mavromatos🇬🇷 · Sarben sarkar🇬🇧

    A model of (3+1)-dimensional leptogenesis, proposed previously by the authors, requires a CPT Violating (CPTV) background of the Kalb-Ramond (KR) axion field. The KR axion is a pseudoscalar, which is dual to the field strength of the spin-one field present in the massless gravitational multiplet in the theory of closed bosonic strings (compactified to four dimensions). Microscopic models for the emergence of such backgrounds are provided both by low-energy string-inspired gravitational theories with torsion (including (primordial) gravitational and axial gauge anomalies) and by Einstein-Cartan gravity, a closely related simpler model. In this work we examine the pseudoscalar quanta of the KR axion in this background using the methods of effective field theory. In our model for leptogenesis there is a single sterile {right-handed} neutrino (RHN) with mass $m_N$. At energies lower than $m_N$, an axion potential is derived by integrating out {at one loop} the sterile neutrino in the spirit of effective field theory. The stability of this axion potential is important for the viability of our model. The vacuum of this potential is generally metastable. The stability of the vacuum is determined by the ratio of the torsion-induced-axion coupling (which depends on the string mass scale) to $m_N$, which should be larger or equal to one, for the validity of our effective field theory. The vacuum is metastable only for axion couplings much larger than the sterile neutrino mass (large string mass scales, e.g. comparable to the four-dimensional Planck mass), with a lifetime much larger than the age of the observable Universe. By contrast, if axion couplings are comparable to the RHN mass the false vacuum is highly unstable, with a lifetime much smaller than the age of the observable Universe; in this case the CPTV leptogenesis scenario is not viable.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2023)·5 citations
41. 41*

    Spectral and Jet Properties of the Quasi-thermal Dominated GRB 210121A, GRB 210610B and GRB 221022B

    Xin-Ying Song🇨🇳 · Ling-Jun Wang🇨🇳 · Shu Zhang🇨🇳

    Some quasi-thermal (QT) dominated gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) could be well described by a multi-color blackbody (BB) function or a combined model of BB plus non-thermal (NT) component. In this analysis, two QT radiation-dominated bursts with known emission properties (GRB 210610B likely from a hybrid jet, and GRB 210121A with a spectrum consistent with a non-dissipative photospheric emission from a pure hot fireball) are used to make a comparison between these two modelings. To diagnose the magnetization properties of the central engine, the `top-down' approach proposed by Gao \& Zhang is adopted. It is found that diagnoses based on these two modelings could provide similar conclusions qualitatively; however, the modeling with mBB (or mBB+NT) may give more reasonable physical explanations. This implies that impacts from the GRB jet structure and the geometrical broadening on the observed spectrum should be considered. However, conservatively, these methods may be not sensitive enough to distinguish between the pure hot fireball and a mildly magnetized hybrid jet. Some other information is necessary to provide more evidence for the determination of jet properties for similar GRBs. Based on these considerations, we suggest that the photospheric emission of GRB 221022B is from a hot jet; a dissipation is caused by a internal shock (IS) mechanism due to the increasing Lorentz Factor with time, which makes its prompt emission behaves a typical evolution from thermal to NT.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2024)·5 citations
42. 42*

    Equatorial accretion on the Kerr black hole

    Patryk Mach · Andrzej Odrzywołek

    We investigate stationary accretion of the collisionless Vlasov gas onto the Kerr black hole, occurring in the equatorial plane. At infinity the gas obeys the Maxwell-Jüttner distribution, restricted to the equatorial plane. In the vicinity of the black hole, the motion of the gas is governed by the spacetime geometry. We compute accretion rates of the rest-mass, the energy, and the angular momentum, as well as the particle number surface density, focusing on the dependence of these quantities on the asymptotic temperature of the gas and the black hole spin. The accretion slows down the rotation of the black hole. We present preliminary results for a Vlasov gas accretion onto a Kerr black hole moving with a velocity parallel to the equatorial plane.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.GAhep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·6 citations
43. 43*

    Microlensing Black Hole Shadows

    Himanshu Verma🇮🇳 · Joseph Silk🇫🇷

    A detailed analysis is presented of gravitational microlensing by intervening compact objects of the black hole shadows imaged by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We show how the center, size, and shape of the shadow depend on the Einstein angle relative to the true/unlensed shadow size, and how the location of the lens affects the shift, size, and asymmetry of the black hole shadow due to microlensing. Assuming a supermassive black hole (SMBH) casts a circular-shaped true shadow, microlensing can create an asymmetry of up to approximately 8\%, which is twice the asymmetry caused by the SMBH's spin and its tilt relative to us. Furthermore, the size can be enhanced by $\sim$50\% of the true shadow. Currently, the terrestrial baselines of EHT lack the resolution to detect microlensing signatures in the shadows. However, future expansions of EHT, including space-based baselines at the Moon and L${}_2$, could potentially enable the detection of microlensing events. For Sgr A${}^{\ast }$, an event rate of 0.0014 per year makes the microlensing phenomena difficult to observe even with space-based baselines for the stellar population in the stellar bulge and stellar disk for lens masses $\sim M_{\odot }$. Nonetheless, the presence of a cluster of 20,000 stellar-mass black holes in the central parsec of the Milky Way, expected to arise from dynamical friction acting on infalling stellar clusters, significantly boosts the event rate. Hence, continuously monitoring the shadow of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ could offer novel insights into the compact object population surrounding the Galactic Center.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phMNRAS(2024)·2 citations
44. 44*

    Exploring Critical Overdensity Thresholds in Inflationary Models of Primordial Black Holes Formation

    Ioanna D. Stamou🇧🇪

    In this paper we study the production of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) from inflation in order to explain the Dark Mater (DM) in the Universe. The evaluation of the fractional PBHs abundance to DM is sensitive to the value of the threshold ${\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}$ and the exact value of ${\delta }_{\mathrm{c}}$ is sensitive to the specific shape of the cosmological fluctuations. Different mechanisms producing PBHs lead to different thresholds and hence to different fractional abundances of PBHs. In this study, we examine various classes of inflationary models proposed in the existing literature to elucidate the formation of PBHs and we evaluate numerically the associated threshold values. Having evaluated the thresholds we compute the abundances of PBHs to DM using the Press Schecter approach and the Peak Theory. Given the influence of different power spectra on the thresholds, we investigate whether these inflationary models can successfully account for a significant fraction of DM. Moreover, we provide suggested values for the critical threshold. By examining the interplay between inflationary models, threshold values, and PBH abundances, our study aims to shed light on the viability of PBHs as a candidate for DM and contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the nature of DM in the Universe

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·20 citations
45. 45*

    Asteroseismology using quadrupolar f-modes revisited: breaking of universal relationships in the slow hadron-quark conversion scenario

    Ignacio F. Ranea-Sandoval🇦🇷 · Mauro Mariani🇦🇷 · Marcos O. Celi🇦🇷 · M. Camila Rodríguez🇧🇷 · Lucas Tonetto🇮🇹

    In this work, we consider polar perturbations and we calculate the frequency and damping time of the quadrupolar fundamental f -mode of compact objects, constructed using a wide range of model-independent hybrid equations of state that include quark matter. We give special attention to the impact of the hadron-quark conversion speed that, in the slow case, gives rise to a branch of slow stable hybrid stars. Moreover, we study the validity of universal relationships proposed in the literature and find out that none of them remains valid when slow stable hybrid stars are taken into account. This fact could constrain the applicability of asteroseismology methods with fundamental modes designed to estimate the properties of pulsating compact objects. We hope that this result could be tested with the start up of the third-generation gravitational wave observatories, which might shed some light on the f -mode emission from compact objects.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·19 citations
46. 46*

    Environmental sustainability in basic research: a perspective from HECAP+

    Sustainable HECAP+ Initiative: Shankha Banerjee · Thomas Y. Chen · Claire David · Michael Düren · Harold Erbin · Jacopo Ghiglieri · Mandeep S. S. Gill · L Glaser · Christian Gütschow · Jack Joseph Hall · Johannes Hampp · Patrick Koppenburg and 14 other authors

    The climate crisis and the degradation of the world's ecosystems require humanity to take immediate action. The international scientific community has a responsibility to limit the negative environmental impacts of basic research. The HECAP+ communities (High Energy Physics, Cosmology, Astroparticle Physics, and Hadron and Nuclear Physics) make use of common and similar experimental infrastructure, such as accelerators and observatories, and rely similarly on the processing of big data. Our communities therefore face similar challenges to improving the sustainability of our research. This document aims to reflect on the environmental impacts of our work practices and research infrastructure, to highlight best practice, to make recommendations for positive changes, and to identify the opportunities and challenges that such changes present for wider aspects of social responsibility.

    ↳ physics.soc-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1JINST(2025)·13 citations
47. 47*

    Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A

    Hao Li🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    As a potential consequence of Lorentz invariance violation~(LIV), threshold anomalies open a window to study LIV. Recently the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory~(LHAASO) reported that more than 5000 photons from GRB 221009A have been observed with energies above 500~GeV and up to $18\text{TeV}$. In the literature, it is suggested that this observation may have tension with the standard model result because extragalactic background light~(EBL) can prevent photons around 18~TeV from reaching the earth and that LIV induced threshold anomalies might be able to explain the observation. In this work we further study this proposal with more detailed numerical calculation for different LIV scales and redshifts of the sources. We find that GRB 221009A is a rather unique opportunity to search LIV, and a LIV scale $E_{\text{LIV}}\lesssim E_{\text{Planck}}\approx 1.22\times 10^{19}\text{GeV}$ is feasible to the observation of GRB 221009A on 9 October, 2022.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·17 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.