Mon·May 15, 2023Monday·May 15, 2023

1. 01*

   When the Machine Chimes the Bell: Entanglement and Bell Inequalities with Boosted $t\bar{t}$

   Zhongtian Dong🇺🇸 · Dorival Gonçalves🇺🇸 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Alberto Navarro🇺🇸

   The Large Hadron Collider provides a unique opportunity to study quantum entanglement and violation of Bell inequalities at the highest energy available today. In this paper, we will investigate these quantum correlations with top quark pair production, which represents a system of two-qubits. The spacelike separation requirement for the two causally disconnected top quarks requires they fly relativistically away from each other, which motivates the use of the boosted top-tagging with the semi-leptonic top pair channel. Although measuring the spin polarization of the hadronic top quark is known to be challenging, our study indicates that it is feasible to reconstruct the spin density matrix of the two-qubit system using an optimal hadronic polarimeter. This is achieved with the aid of jet substructure techniques and NN-inspired reconstruction methods, which improve the mapping between subjets and quarks. We find that entanglement can already be observed at more than $5\sigma$ level with existing data, and violation of Bell inequalities may be probed above 4$\sigma$ level at the HL-LHC with 3 ab${}^{-1}$ of data.

   hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2024)·119 citations
2. 02*

   Configuration entropy of ${\rm Y}(1S)$ state in strong coupling plasma

   Yan-Qing Zhao🇨🇳 · Defu Hou🇨🇳

   To better understand the effects of strong coupling and QCD at high temperature in QGP, by using holographic model, we investigate the dissociation effect of bottomonium under the higher-order curvature corrections to the supergravity action corresponding to the corrections of large N expansion of boundary CFT in the side of field theory. The results show that effective potential is not a good physical quantity to estimate the dissociation strength of bottomonium in the case of finite wave number and considering the higher-order curvature corrections. Therefore, we calculate the quasinormal spectra(QNMs) and the differential configuration entropy(DCE). It is found that the dissociation effect is stronger for the stronger coupling.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·8 citations
3. 03*

   Neutrino oscillations in the interaction picture

   Massimo Blasone🇮🇹 · Francesco Giacosa🇵🇱 · Luca Smaldone🇵🇱 · Giorgio Torrieri🇧🇷

   We study the mixing of different kind of fields (scalar in 0+1D, scalar in 3+1D, fermion in 3+1D) treating the mixing term as an interaction. To this aim, we employ the usual perturbative series in the interaction picture. We find that expression for flavor changing probability exhibits corrections with respect to the usual quantum mechanical (e.g. neutrino) oscillation formula, in agreement with the result previously obtained in the non-perturbative flavor Fock space approach.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2023)·15 citations
4. 04*

   Infrared Subtleties and Chiral Vertices at NLO: An Implicit Regularization Analysis

   Ricardo J. C. Rosado🇵🇹 · Adriano Cherchiglia🇧🇷 · Marcos Sampaio🇧🇷 · Brigitte Hiller🇵🇹

   We employ implicit regularization (IReg) in quark-antiquark decays of the Z, or of a scalar (CP-even or odd) boson at NLO, and compare with dimensional schemes to reveal subtleties involving infrared divergence cancellation and ${\gamma }_5$-matrix issues. Besides the absence of evanescent fields in IReg, such as $ϵ$-scalars required in certain schemes that operate partially in the physical dimension, we verify that our procedure preserves gauge invariance in the presence of the ${\gamma }_5$ matrix without requiring symmetry preserving counterterms while the amplitude is infrared finite as required by the KLN theorem.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Quark matter under strong electric fields in the Linear Sigma Model coupled with quarks

   William R. Tavares🇧🇷 · Sidney S. Avancini🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷

   In this work we study the influence of external electric field and temperature on the chiral phase transition of Quantum Chromodynamics. We use the two-flavor Linear Sigma Model coupled with quarks (LSMq) in a thermal and electrized medium to evaluate the effective quark mass and the Schwinger pair production. To this end, we apply one-loop correction to the fermionic sector of the model and the simple tree-level approximation in the mesonic contributions. The electric fields strengthen the partial restoration of the chiral symmetry when applied with finite temperature in a crossover transition. The expected decrease of the pseudocritical temperature as a function of the electric field is observed until electric fields reach $eE\approx 13.5m_{\pi }^2$. For stronger electric fields, the effect is the opposite, which is in a very good agreement with previous results obtained with four-point non-renormalizable models, showing that this effect is independent of renormalizability issues. We also show the thermal and electric effects on the behavior of the Schwinger pair production.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2023)·8 citations
6. 06*

   Forward-backward multiplicity and momentum correlations in pp and pPb collisions at the LHC energies

   Joyati Mondal🇮🇳 · Hirak Koley🇮🇳 · Somnath Kar🇮🇳 · Premomoy Ghosh🇮🇳 · Argha Deb🇮🇳 · Mitali Mondal🇮🇳

   Correlations and fluctuations between produced particles in an ultra-relativistic nuclear collision remain one of the successor to understand the basics of the particle production mechanism. More differential tools like Forward-Backward (FB) correlations between particles from two different phase-space further strengthened our cognizance. We have studied the strength of FB correlations in terms of charged particle multiplicity and summed transverse momentum for proton-proton ($pp$) and proton-lead ($pPb$) collisions at the centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV and $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV respectively for the EPOS3 simulated events with hydrodynamical evolution of produced particles. Furthermore, the correlation strengths are separately obtained for the particles coming from the core and the corona. FB correlation strengths are examined as a function of psedorapidity gap (${\eta }_{gap}$), psedorapidity window-width ($\delta \eta$), centre-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s}$), minimum transverse momentum ($p_{Tmin}$) and different multiplicity classes following standard kinematical cuts used by the ALICE and the ATLAS experiments at the LHC for all three EPOS3 event samples. EPOS3 model shows a similar trend of FB multiplicity and momentum correlation strengths for both $pp$ \& $pPb$ systems, though the correlation strengths are found to be larger for $pPb$ system than $pp$ system. Moreover, $\delta \eta$-weighted average of FB correlation strengths as a function of different center-of-mass energies for $pp$ collisions delineates a tendency of saturation at very high energies.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Impact of errors in the magnetic field measurement on the precision determination of neutrino oscillation parameters at the proposed ICAL detector at INO

   Honey Khindri🇮🇳 · D. Indumathi🇮🇳 · Lakshmi S. Mohan🇵🇱

   The magnetised iron calorimeter (ICAL) detector proposed at the India-based Neutrino Observatory will be a 51 kton detector made up of 151 layers of 56 mm thick soft iron with 40 mm air gap in between where the RPCs, the active detectors, will be placed. The main goal of ICAL is to make precision measurements of the neutrino oscillation parameters using the atmospheric neutrinos as source. The charged current interactions of the atmospheric muon neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the detector produce charged muons. The magnetic field, with a maximum value of $\sim$ 1.5 T in the central region of ICAL, is a critical component since it will be used to distinguish the charges and determine the momentum and direction of these muons. It is difficult to measure the magnetic field inside the iron. The existing methods can only estimate the internal field and hence will be prone to error. This paper presents the first simulations study of the effect of errors in the measurement of the magnetic field in ICAL on its physics potential, especially the neutrino mass ordering and precision measurement of oscillation parameters in the 2--3 sector. The study is a GEANT4-based analysis, using measurements of the magnetic field at the prototype ICAL detector. We find that there is only a small effect on the determination of the mass ordering. While local fluctuations in the magnetic field measurement are well-tolerated, calibration errors must remain well within 5\% to retain good precision determination of the parameters ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{23}$ and $\Delta m_{32}^2$.

   hep-phphysics.ins-detJINST(2023)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Experimental signatures of subtleties in the Brout-Englert-Higgs mechanism

   Axel Maas🇦🇹

   Subtle, but long-known, field-theoretical aspects require a more refined treatment of gauge theories involving a Brout-Englert-Higgs effect. This refinement can be done analytically using the Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism. In the standard model, this leads to slight, but in principle detectable, quantitative changes in observables. This can have significant implications for current and future colliders, which are investigated for a few sample processes.

   hep-phhep-ex2 citations
9. 09*

   Extraction of unpolarized transverse momentum distributions from fit of Drell-Yan data at N${}^4$LL

   Valentin Moos🇩🇪 · Ignazio Scimemi🇪🇸 · Alexey Vladimirov🇪🇸 · Pia Zurita🇩🇪

   We present the extraction of unpolarized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions functions (TMDPDFs) and Collins-Soper kernel from the fit of Drell-Yan and weak-vector boson production data. The TMDPDF are parameterized, as commonly done, using their (large transverse momentum) asymptotic matching to PDF. The analysis is done at the next-to-next-to-next-to-next-to leading logarithmic accuracy (N${}^4$LL) (performed only approximately because PDF evolution is known so far at next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO)). The non-perturbative model used for TMDPDF is flavor dependent to reduce the colllinear PDF bias. The estimation of uncertainties is done with the replica method and, for the first time, it includes the propagation of uncertainties due to the collinear distributions.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·124 citations
10. 10*

    Axion like particles, fifth force and neutron interferometry

    Antonio Capolupo🇮🇹 · Salvatore Marco Giampaolo🇭🇷 · Aniello Quaranta🇮🇹

    We report on recent result according to which the fermion-fermion interaction mediated by axions and axion-like particles can be revealed by means of neutron interferometry. We assume that the initial neutron beam is split in two beams which are affected by differently oriented magnetic fields, in order that the phase difference depends only by the axion-induced interaction. In this way, the phase difference is directly related to the presence of axions.

    hep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2023)·1 citation
11. 11*

    Matching the 2HDM to the HEFT and the SMEFT: Decoupling and Perturbativity

    Sally Dawson🇺🇸 · Duarte Fontes🇺🇸 · Carlos Quezada-Calonge🇪🇸 · Juan José Sanz-Cillero🇪🇸

    We consider the 2 Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) and compare two effective field theory (EFT) approaches to it, according to whether the heavy degrees of freedom are integrated out before (SMEFT) or after (HEFT) spontaneous symmetry breaking. %We show that, in the HEFT, an inconsistent EFT is obtained if one considers an expansion simply in inverse powers of the heavy masses. %We consider a HEFT expansion consistent with perturbativity %We show that, if the HEFT approach is required to comply with perturbativity, it ends up obeying the same power counting as the SMEFT one. % By requiring decoupling and perturbativity in the 2HDM, we define a consistent EFT expansion in inverse powers of the heavy masses which is applied to both the SMEFT and the HEFT matchings to the 2HDM. We organize this expansion with a dimensionless parameter $\xi$, and investigate the tree-level scatterings $hh\to hh$ and $WW\to hh$ up to $\mathcal{O}({\xi }^2)$. We find no differences between the HEFT and the SMEFT approaches at this order. We show scenarios where even including dimension-8 operators of the SMEFT is insufficient to obtain an accurate matching to the 2HDM.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·40 citations
12. 12*

    Tri-hypercharge: a separate gauged weak hypercharge for each fermion family as the origin of flavour

    Mario Fernández Navarro🇬🇧 · Stephen F. King🇬🇧

    We propose a tri-hypercharge (TH) embedding of the Standard Model (SM) in which a separate gauged weak hypercharge is associated with each fermion family. In this way, every quark and lepton multiplet carries unique gauge quantum numbers under the extended gauge group, providing the starting point for a theory of flavour. If the Higgs doublets only carry third family hypercharge, then only third family renormalisable Yukawa couplings are allowed. However, non-renormalisable Yukawa couplings may be induced by the high scale Higgs fields (hyperons) which break the three hypercharges down to the SM hypercharge, providing an explanation for fermion mass hierarchies and the smallness of CKM quark mixing. Following a similar methodology, we study the origin of neutrino masses and mixing in this model. Due to the TH gauge symmetry, the implementation of a seesaw mechanism naturally leads to a low scale seesaw, where the right-handed neutrinos in the model may be as light as the TeV scale. We present simple examples of hyperon fields which can reproduce all quark and lepton (including neutrino) masses and mixing. After a preliminary phenomenological study, we conclude that one of the massive $Z^{\prime }$ bosons can be as light as a few TeV, with implications for flavour-violating observables, LHC physics and electroweak precision observables.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·55 citations
13. 13*

    ELSA -- Enhanced latent spaces for improved collider simulations

    Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Ramon Winterhalder🇧🇪

    Simulations play a key role for inference in collider physics. We explore various approaches for enhancing the precision of simulations using machine learning, including interventions at the end of the simulation chain (reweighting), at the beginning of the simulation chain (pre-processing), and connections between the end and beginning (latent space refinement). To clearly illustrate our approaches, we use W+jets matrix element surrogate simulations based on normalizing flows as a prototypical example. First, weights in the data space are derived using machine learning classifiers. Then, we pull back the data-space weights to the latent space to produce unweighted examples and employ the Latent Space Refinement (LASER) protocol using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. An alternative approach is an augmented normalizing flow, which allows for different dimensions in the latent and target spaces. These methods are studied for various pre-processing strategies, including a new and general method for massive particles at hadron colliders that is a tweak on the widely-used RAMBO-on-diet mapping. We find that modified simulations can achieve sub-percent precision across a wide range of phase space.

    hep-phhep-exstat.MLEPJC(2023)·22 citations
14. 14*

    Global constraints on non-standard neutrino interactions with quarks and electrons

    Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · M.C. Gonzalez-Garcia🇪🇸 · Michele Maltoni🇪🇸 · João Paulo Pinheiro🇪🇸 · Salvador Urrea🇪🇸

    We derive new constraints on effective four-fermion neutrino non-standard interactions with both quarks and electrons. This is done through the global analysis of neutrino oscillation data and measurements of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) obtained with different nuclei. In doing so, we include not only the effects of new physics on neutrino propagation but also on the detection cross section in neutrino experiments which are sensitive to the new physics. We consider both vector and axial-vector neutral-current neutrino interactions and, for each case, we include simultaneously all allowed effective operators in flavour space. To this end, we use the most general parametrization for their Wilson coefficients under the assumption that their neutrino flavour structure is independent of the charged fermion participating in the interaction. The status of the LMA-D solution is assessed for the first time in the case of new interactions taking place simultaneously with up quarks, down quarks, and electrons. One of the main results of our work are the presently allowed regions for the effective combinations of non-standard neutrino couplings, relevant for long-baseline and atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·89 citations
15. 15*

    Dynamics of false vacuum bubbles with trapped particles

    Marek Lewicki🇵🇱 · Kristjan Müürsepp🇪🇪 · Joosep Pata🇪🇪 · Martin Vasar🇪🇪 · Ville Vaskonen🇪🇪 · Hardi Veermäe🇪🇪

    We study the impact of the ambient fluid on the evolution of collapsing false vacuum bubbles by simulating the dynamics of a coupled bubble-particle system. A significant increase in the mass of the particles across the bubble wall leads to a buildup of those particles inside the false vacuum bubble. We show that the backreaction of the particles on the bubble slows or even reverses the collapse. Consequently, if the particles in the true vacuum become heavier than in the false vacuum, the particle-wall interactions always decrease the compactness that the false vacuum bubbles can reach making their collapse to black holes less likely.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2023)·23 citations
16. 16*

    Entanglement in a holographic Schwinger pair with confinement

    Sebastian Grieninger🇺🇸 · Dmitri E. Kharzeev🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

    We revisit the entanglement of a Schwinger pair created by external fields of arbitrary strength, using a holographic dual description of QCD. When external fields are strong in comparison to the string tension, the entanglement is geometrically tied to the Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge in the bulk, and disappears when the pair production is not exponentially suppressed at the boundary. For moderate external fields, the entanglement is shown to follow from the geometrical interplay between the position of the ER bridge and the confining wall in the bulk. We clarify the physical nature of quantum entanglement in pair production, and connect it to the entropy of entanglement between the left- and right-moving fermions. In particular, we clarify the effect of real radiation off the produced particles on quantum entanglement of the pair.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·23 citations
17. 17*

    Excluding static and spherically symmetric black holes in Einsteinian cubic gravity with unsuppressed higher-order curvature terms

    Antonio De Felice🇯🇵 · Shinji Tsujikawa🇯🇵

    Einsteinian cubic gravity is a higher-order gravitational theory in which the linearized field equations of motion match Einstein's equations on a maximally symmetric background. This theory allows the existence of a static and spherically symmetric black hole solution where the temporal and radial metric components are equivalent to each other ($f=h$), with a modified Schwarzschild geometry induced by cubic curvature terms. We study the linear stability of the static and spherically symmetric vacuum solutions against odd-parity perturbations without dealing with Einsteinian cubic gravity as an effective field theory where the cubic curvature terms are always suppressed relative to the Ricci scalar. Unlike General Relativity containing one dynamical perturbation, Einsteinian cubic gravity has three propagating degrees of freedom in the odd-parity sector. We show that at least one of those dynamical perturbations always behaves as a ghost mode. We also find that one dynamical degree of freedom has a negative sound speed squared $-1/2$ for the propagation of high angular momentum modes. Thus, the static and spherically symmetric hairy black hole solutions realized by unsuppressed cubic curvature terms relative to the Ricci scalar are excluded by ghost and Laplacian instabilities.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPLB(2023)·19 citations
18. 18*

    First-order phase transitions in Yang-Mills theories and the density of state method

    Biagio Lucini🇬🇧 · David Mason🇬🇧 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Enrico Rinaldi🇯🇵 · Davide Vadacchino🇬🇧

    When studied at finite temperature, Yang-Mills theories in $3+1$ dimensions display the presence of confinement/deconfinement phase transitions, which are known to be of first order -- the $SU(2)$ gauge theory being the exception. Theoretical as well as phenomenological considerations indicate that it is essential to establish a precise characterisation of these physical systems in proximity of such phase transitions. We present and test a new method to study the critical region of parameter space in non-Abelian quantum field theories on the lattice, based upon the Logarithmic Linear Relaxation (LLR) algorithm. We apply this method to the $SU(3)$ Yang Mills lattice gauge theory, and perform extensive calculations with one fixed choice of lattice size. We identify the critical temperature, and measure interesting physical quantities near the transition. Among them, we determine the free energy of the model in the critical region, exposing for the first time its multi-valued nature with a numerical calculation from first principles, providing this novel evidence in support of a first order phase transition. This study sets the stage for future high precision measurements, by demonstrating the potential of the method.

    ↳ hep-latastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PRD(2023)·23 citations
19. 19*

    Bumping into the species scale with the scalar potential

    David Andriot🇫🇷

    As a quantum gravity cut-off, the species scale ${\Lambda }_s$ gets naturally compared to the energy scale of a scalar potential $V$ in an EFT. In this note, we compare the species scale, its rate $|\nabla {\Lambda }_s|/{\Lambda }_s$ and their field dependence, to those of a scalar potential. To that end, we first identify a string compactification leading to a scalar potential with the same properties as the species scale, namely, being positive, starting at a maximum in the bulk of field space and going asymptotically to zero. The trajectory followed in our 14-fields scalar potential is the steepest descent. Evaluating the rate $|\nabla V|/V$ along this path, we then observe a local maximum, or bump, a feature noticed as well for the species scale. We investigate the origin of this bump for the scalar potential, and compare it to that of the species scale.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phFortsch.Phys.(2023)·17 citations
20. 20*

    Probing the Origin of Primordial Black Holes through Novel Gravitational Wave Spectrum

    Indra Kumar Banerjee🇮🇳 · Ujjal Kumar Dey🇮🇳

    In this article we investigate the cumulative stochastic gravitational wave spectra as a tool to gain insight on the creation mechanism of primordial black holes. We consider gravitational waves from the production mechanism of primordial black holes and from the gravitational interactions of those primordial black holes among themselves and other astrophysical black holes. We specifically focus on asynchronous bubble nucleation during a first order phase transition as the creation mechanism. We have used two benchmark phase transitions through which the primordial black holes and the primary gravitational wave spectra have been generated. We have considered binary systems and close hyperbolic interactions of primordial black holes with other primordial and astrophysical black holes as the source of the secondary part of the spectra. We have shown that this unique cumulative spectra have features which directly and indirectly depend on the specifics of the production mechanism.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2023)·15 citations
21. 21*

    Towards a bound on the Higgs mass in causal set quantum gravity

    Gustavo P. de Brito🇩🇰 · Astrid Eichhorn🇩🇰 · Ludivine Fausten🇨🇭

    In the Standard Model of particle physics, the mass of the Higgs particle can be linked to the scale at which the Standard Model breaks down due to a Landau pole/triviality problem: for a Higgs mass somewhat higher than the measured value, the Standard Model breaks down before the Planck scale. We take a first step towards investigating this relation in the context of causal set quantum gravity. We use a scalar-field propagator that carries the imprints of spacetime discreteness in a modified ultraviolet behavior that depends on a nonlocality scale. We investigate whether the modification can shift the scale of the Landau pole in a scalar field theory with quartic interaction. We discover that the modifications speed up the onset of the Landau pole considerably, so that the scale of new physics occurs roughly at the nonlocality scale. Our results call into question, whether a separation between the nonlocality scale and the discreteness scale, which is postulated within causal set quantum gravity, and which has been argued to give rise to phenomenological consequences, is in fact achievable. Methodologically, our paper is the first to apply continuum functional Renormalization Group techniques in the context of a causal-set inspired setting.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thGen.Rel.Grav.(2023)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Electroweak vacuum decay in metric-affine gravity

    Ioannis D. Gialamas🇪🇪 · Hardi Veermäe🇪🇪

    We investigate the stability of the electroweak vacuum in metric-affine gravity in which the Standard Model Higgs boson can be non-minimally coupled to both the Ricci scalar and the Holst invariant. We find that vacuum stability is improved in this framework across a wide range of model parameters.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPLB(2023)·27 citations
23. 23*

    Dissipative Inflation via Scalar Production

    Paolo Creminelli🇮🇹 · Soubhik Kumar🇺🇸 · Borna Salehian🇮🇹 · Luca Santoni🇫🇷

    We describe a new mechanism that gives rise to dissipation during cosmic inflation. In the simplest implementation, the mechanism requires the presence of a massive scalar field with a softly-broken global $U(1)$ symmetry, along with the inflaton field. Particle production in this scenario takes place on parametrically sub-horizon scales, at variance with the case of dissipation into gauge fields. Consequently, the backreaction of the produced particles on the inflationary dynamics can be treated in a \textit{local} manner, allowing us to compute their effects analytically. We determine the parametric dependence of the power spectrum which deviates from the usual slow-roll expression. Non-Gaussianities are always sizeable whenever perturbations are generated by the noise induced by dissipation: $f_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{eq}}\gtrsim O(10)$.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·32 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.