Fri·May 12, 2023Friday·May 12, 2023

1. 01*

   Neutrino CPT violation in the solar sector

   Gabriela Barenboim🇪🇸 · Pablo Martínez-Miravé🇪🇸 · Christoph A. Ternes🇮🇹 · Mariam Tórtola🇪🇸

   In this paper we place new bounds on CPT violation in the solar neutrino sector analyzing the results from solar experiments and KamLAND. We also discuss the sensitivity of the next-generation experiments DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande, which will provide accurate measurements of the solar neutrino oscillation parameters. The joint analysis of both experiments will further improve the precision due to cancellations in the systematic uncertainties regarding the solar neutrino flux. In combination with the next-generation reactor experiment JUNO, the bound on CPT violation in the solar sector could be improved by one order of magnitude in comparison with current constraints. The distinguishability among CPT-violating neutrino oscillations and neutrino non-standard interactions in the solar sector is also addressed.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·17 citations
2. 02*

   QCD Light-Cone Distribution Amplitudes of Heavy Mesons from boosted HQET

   Martin Beneke🇩🇪 · Gael Finauri🇩🇪 · K. Keri Vos🇳🇱 · Yanbing Wei🇩🇪

   Light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) frequently arise in factorization theorems involving light and heavy mesons. The QCD LCDA for heavy mesons includes short-distance physics at energy scales of the heavy-quark mass. In this paper we achieve the separation of this perturbative scale from the purely hadronic effects by matching the QCD LCDA to the convolution of a perturbative function with the universal, quark-mass independent LCDA defined in heavy-quark effective theory. This factorization allows to resum potentially large logarithms between ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$ and $m_Q$ as well as between $m_Q$ and the scale $Q$ of the hard process in the production of boosted heavy mesons at colliders. As an application we derive new theoretical predictions for the branching ratio of the decay $W^{\pm }\to B^{\pm }\gamma$. Furthermore, we provide phenomenological models for the QCD LCDAs of both the $\bar{B}$ and $D$ mesons expressed as expansions in Gegenbauer polynomials.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·33 citations
3. 03*

   Probing the Local Dark Matter Halo with Neutrino Oscillations

   Tony Gherghetta🇺🇸 · Andrey Shkerin🇺🇸

   Dark matter particles can form halos gravitationally bound to massive astrophysical objects. The Earth could have such a halo where depending on the particle mass, the halo either extends beyond the surface or is confined to the Earth's interior. We consider the possibility that if dark matter particles are coupled to neutrinos, then neutrino oscillations can be used to probe the Earth's dark matter halo. In particular, atmospheric neutrinos traversing the Earth can be sensitive to a small size, interior halo, inaccessible by other means. Depending on the halo mass and neutrino energy, constraints on the dark matter-neutrino couplings are obtained from the halo corrections to the neutrino oscillations.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·28 citations
4. 04*

   Vacuum stability and Q-ball formation in the Type II Seesaw model

   Naoyuki Haba🇯🇵 · Yasuhiro Shimizu🇯🇵 · Toshifumi Yamada🇯🇵

   We investigate vacuum stability and Q-ball formation in the Type II seesaw model by considering the effective potential for scalar fields, taking into account renormalization effects. We find that the quartic coupling for the triplet Higgs can vanish at a high energy scale, creating a flat direction where Q-ball formation can occur. If Q-balls are produced, they eventually decay into leptons via neutrino Yukawa couplings with the triplet Higgs. If this decay occurs above the electroweak scale, the leptogenesis scenario can work, and the baryon number is produced via the sphaleron effect. We show that there are parameter regions where the above scenario occurs, taking into account phenomenological constraints.

   hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2024)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Parameter space for testable leptogenesis

   Yannis Georis🇧🇪

   Extending the Standard Model with right-handed neutrinos provides a minimal explanation for both light neutrino masses (through the type-I seesaw mechanism) and the baryon asymmetry of our universe (through leptogenesis). We map here for the first time the range of heavy neutrino mixing angle consistent with both neutrino masses and leptogenesis in a scenario with 3 generations of right-handed neutrinos with Majorana masses between 50 MeV and 70 TeV. Due to the presence of a third degree of freedom that remains much more feebly coupled to the Standard Model thermal bath, we observe that the parameter space is much larger compared to the minimal scenario with 2 generations. This greatly enhances the testability prospects for low-scale leptogenesis and, in the most optimistic scenario, would allow experimentalists not only to discover right-handed neutrinos but also to perform consistency checks of the model.

   hep-ph2 citations
6. 06*

   Elastic proton-neutron and antiproton-neutron scattering in holographic QCD

   Akira Watanabe🇨🇳 · Sayed Anwar Sirat🇨🇳 · Zhibo Liu🇨🇳

   The total and differential cross sections of the elastic proton-neutron and antiproton-neutron scattering are studied in a holographic QCD model, focusing on the Regge regime. Taking into account the Pomeron and Reggeon exchange, which are described by the Reggeized spin-2 glueball and vector meson propagator respectively, those cross sections are obtained. It is presented that the currently available experimental data of the total cross sections can be well described within the model. Once a single adjustable parameter is determined with the total cross section data, the differential cross sections can be calculated without any additional parameters. Although the available differential cross section data are limited, it is found that our predictions are consistent with those.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thEPJC(2023)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Baryon masses estimate in heavy flavor QCD

   María Gómez-Rocha🇪🇸 · Jai More🇮🇳 · Kamil Serafin🇨🇳

   We apply the renormalization group procedure for effective particles (RGPEP) to the QCD eigenvalue problem for only heavy quarks. We derive the effective Hamiltonian that acts on the Fock space by solving the RGPEP equation up to second order in powers of the coupling constant. The eigenstates that contain three quarks and two or more gluons are eliminated by inserting a gluon-mass term in the component with one gluon and formulate the eigenvalue problem for baryons. We estimate masses for $bbb$ and $ccc$ states and find that the results match the estimates obtained in lattice QCD and in quark models.

   hep-phFew Body Syst.(2023)·8 citations
8. 08*

   Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to Mass Dimension 12

   R.V. Harlander🇩🇪 · T. Kempkens🇩🇪 · M.C. Schaaf🇩🇪

   We present a complete and non-redundant basis of effective operators for the Standard Model Effective Field Theory up to mass dimension 12 with three generations of fermions. We also include operators coupling to gravity via the Weyl tensor. The results are obtained by implementing the algorithm of Li et al., and provided in the form of ancillary files.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·55 citations
9. 09*

   Probing compressed mass spectra in the type-II seesaw model at the LHC

   Saiyad Ashanujjaman🇮🇳 · Siddharth P. Maharathy🇮🇳

   Despite a great deal of effort in searching for the triplet-like Higgses in the type-II seesaw model, evidence for their production is yet to be found at the LHC. As such, one might be in the balance regarding this model's relevance at the electroweak scale. In this work, we peruse a scenario, akin to compressed mass spectra in Supersymmetry, which might have eluded the experimental searches thus far. We perform a multivariate analysis to distinguish signals with a pair of same-sign leptons with low invariant mass from the SM processes, including those accruing from fake leptons and electron charge misidentification, and find that a significant part of the hitherto unconstrained parameter space could be probed with the already collected Run 2 13 TeV LHC and future HL-LHC data.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·15 citations
10. 10*

    Updated analysis of near-threshold heavy quarkonium production for probe of proton's gluonic gravitational form factors

    Yuxun Guo🇺🇸 · Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸 · Yizhuang Liu🇵🇱 · Jinghong Yang🇺🇸

    There has been growing interest in the near-threshold production of heavy quarkonium which can access the gluonic structure in the nucleon. Previously we studied this process with quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and showed that it can be factorized with the gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) in the heavy quark limit. We further argued that the hadronic matrix element is dominated by its leading moments corresponding to the gluonic gravitational form factors (GFFs) in this limit. Since then, there have been many new developments on this subject. More experimental measurements have been made and published, and the lattice simulation of gluonic GFFs has been improved as well. In this work, we make an important revision to a previous result and perform an updated analysis with the new inputs. We also study the importance of the large momentum transfer to extract these gluonic structures reliably in this framework.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-exPRD(2023)·62 citations
11. 11*

    On the role of isospin violation in the pion-nucleon $\sigma$-term

    Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Jacobo Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸 · Bastian Kubis🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

    In recent years, a persistent tension between phenomenological and lattice QCD determinations of the pion-nucleon $\sigma$-term ${\sigma }_{\pi N}$ has developed. In particular, lattice-QCD calculations have matured to the point that isospin-violating effects need to be included. Here, we point out that the standard conventions adopted in both fields are incompatible, with the data-driven extraction based on the charged-pion mass, but lattice-QCD conventions relying on the mass of the neutral pion to define the isospin limit. The corresponding correction amounts to $\Delta {\sigma }_{\pi N}=3.1(5)\text{MeV}$ when evaluated in chiral perturbation theory with low-energy constants determined from a Roy-Steiner analysis of pion-nucleon scattering as well as ${\sigma }_{\pi N}$ itself. It reduces the tension with lattice QCD, and should be included in the comparison to phenomenological determinations. We also update the extraction from pionic atoms accounting for the latest measurement of the width of pionic hydrogen, ${\sigma }_{\pi N}=59.0(3.5)\text{MeV}$, and provide the corresponding set of scalar couplings of the nucleon.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPLB(2023)·43 citations
12. 12*

    CP tests for high-$p_T$ multi-leptons

    Shaouly Bar-Shalom🇮🇱

    We propose a generic and model-independent search strategy for probing tree-level CP-violation in inclusive multi-lepton signals and we extend the standard expression for tree-level CP-violation in scattering processes at the LHC to include the cases where the initial state in not self-conjugate. We then use TeV-scale 4-fermion operators of the form $tu\ell \ell$ and $tc\ell \ell$ with complex Wilson coefficients as an illustrative example and show that it may generate $\mathcal{O}(10\%)$ CP asymmetries that should be accessible at the LHC with an integrated luminosity of $\mathcal{O}(1000)$ fb${}^{-1}$

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
13. 13*

    Constraining Primordial Magnetic Fields with Line-Intensity Mapping

    Tal Adi🇮🇱 · Sarah Libanore🇮🇱 · Hector Afonso G. Cruz🇺🇸 · Ely D. Kovetz🇮🇱

    Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) offer a compelling explanation for the origin of observed magnetic fields, especially on extragalactic scales. Such PMFs give rise to excess of power in small scale matter perturbations that could strongly influence structure formation. We study the impact of the magnetically enhanced matter power spectrum on the signal that will be observed by line-intensity mapping (LIM) surveys targeting carbon monoxide (CO) emission from star-forming galaxies at high redshifts. Specifically, the voxel intensity distribution of intensity maps provides access to small-scale information, which makes it highly sensitive to signatures of PMFs on matter overdensities. We present forecasts for future LIM CO surveys, finding that they can constrain PMF strength as small as $B_{1Mpc}\sim 0.006-1\mathrm{nG}$, depending on the magnetic spectral index and the targeted redshifts.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·16 citations
14. 14*

    Skyrme crystals, nuclear matter and compact stars

    Christoph Adam🇪🇸 · Alberto Garcia Martin-Caro🇪🇸 · Miguel Huidobro🇪🇸 · Andrzej Wereszczynski🇵🇱

    A general review of the crystalline solutions of the generalized Skyrme model and their application to the study of cold nuclear matter at finite density and the Equation of State (EOS) of neutron stars is presented. For the relevant range of densities, the ground state of the Skyrme model in the three torus is shown to correspond to configurations with different symmetries, with a sequence of phase transitions between such configurations. The effects of nonzero finite isospin asymmetry are taken into account by the canonical quantization of isospin collective coordinates, and some thermodynamical and nuclear observables (such as the symmetry energy) are computed as a function of the density. We also explore the extension of the model to accommodate strange degrees of freedom, and find a first order transition for the condensation of kaons in the Skyrme crystal background in a thermodynamically consistent, non-perturbative way. Finally, an approximate EOS of dense matter is constructed by fitting the free parameters of the model to some nuclear observables close to saturation density, which are particularly relevant for the description of nuclear matter. The resulting neutron star mass-radius curves already reasonably satisfy current astrophysical constraints.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thSymmetry(2023)·20 citations
15. 15*

    Screening of electric field and nuclear EDM in non-stationary states of atoms and molecules

    V.V. Flambaum🇦🇺

    According to the Schiff theorem, an external electric field vanishes at atomic nucleus in a neutral atom in a stationary state, i.e. it is completely shielded by electrons. This makes a nuclear electric dipole moment (EDM) unobservable. We show that if atom or molecule is not in a stationary state (e.g. in a superposition of two stationary states), electric field on the nucleus is not zero and interaction with nuclear EDM does not vanish. In molecules this effect is enhanced by the ratio of nuclear mass to to electron mass, $M_n/m_e$ , since nuclei in a molecule are slow (compare to electrons) and do not provide efficient screening in a non-stationary environment. Electric field on the nucleus may also affect nuclear reactions.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phnucl-thPRA(2023)·1 citation
16. 16*

    Thick Wall from Thin Walls

    J.R. Espinosa🇪🇸

    An Euclidean bounce describing vacuum decay can be considered as an infinite stack of concentric thin shells to which a thin-wall action can be assigned. The integral over all shells produces then a tunneling action that is precisely the action functional in field space of the so-called tunneling potential formalism. This procedure, which works also when gravity is included, gives the simplest derivation of such actions.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Identifying Extended PeVatron Sources via Neutrino Shower Detection

    Takahiro Sudoh🇺🇸 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸

    Identifying the Milky Way's very high energy hadronic cosmic-ray accelerators -- the PeVatrons -- is a critical problem. While gamma-ray observations reveal promising candidate sources, neutrino detection is needed for certainty, and this has not yet been successful. Why not? There are several possibilities, as we delineated in a recent paper [T. Sudoh and J. F. Beacom, Phys. Rev. D 107, 043002 (2023)]. Here we further explore the possibility that the challenges arise because PeVatrons have a large angular extent, either due to cosmic-ray propagation effects or due to clusters of sources. We show that while extended neutrino sources could be missed in the commonly used muon-track channel, they could be discovered in the all-flavor shower channel, which has a lower atmospheric-neutrino background flux per solid angle. Intrinsically, showers are quite directional and would appear so in water-based detectors like the future KM3NeT, even though they are presently badly smeared by light scattering in ice-based detectors like IceCube. Our results motivate new shower-based searches as part of the comprehensive approach to identifying the Milky Way's hadronic PeVatrons.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·13 citations
18. 18*

    Insights from HST into Ultra-Massive Galaxies and Early-Universe Cosmology

    Nashwan Sabti🇬🇧 · Julian B. Muñoz🇺🇸 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸

    The early-science observations made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an excess of ultra-massive galaxy candidates that appear to challenge the standard cosmological model ($\Lambda$CDM). Here, we argue that any modifications to $\Lambda$CDM that can produce such ultra-massive galaxies in the early Universe would also affect the UV galaxy luminosity function (UV LF) inferred from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The UV LF covers the same redshifts ($z\approx 7-10$) and host-halo masses $(M_{\mathrm{h}}\approx 10^{10}-10^{12}{M}_{\odot }$) as the JWST candidates, but tracks star-formation rate rather than stellar mass. We consider beyond-$\Lambda$CDM power-spectrum enhancements and show that any departure large enough to reproduce the abundance of ultra-massive JWST candidates is in conflict with the HST data. Our analysis, therefore, severely disfavors a cosmological explanation for the JWST abundance problem. Looking ahead, we determine the maximum allowable stellar-mass function and provide projections for the high-$z$ UV LF given our constraints on cosmology from current HST data.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phPRL(2024)·48 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.