Thu·May 4, 2023Thursday·May 4, 2023

1. 01*

   Precision CMB constraints on eV-scale bosons coupled to neutrinos

   Stefan Sandner🇪🇸 · Miguel Escudero🇨🇭 · Samuel J. Witte🇳🇱

   The cosmic microwave background (CMB) has proven to be an invaluable tool for studying the properties and interactions of neutrinos, providing insight not only into the sum of neutrino masses but also the free streaming nature of neutrinos prior to recombination. The CMB is a particularly powerful probe of new eV-scale bosons interacting with neutrinos, as these particles can thermalize with neutrinos via the inverse decay process, $\nu \bar{\nu }\to X$, and suppress neutrino free streaming near recombination -- even for couplings as small as ${\lambda }_{\nu }\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-13})$. Here, we revisit CMB constraints on such bosons, improving upon a number of approximations previously adopted in the literature and generalizing the constraints to a broader class of models. This includes scenarios in which the boson is either spin-$0$ or spin-$1$, the number of interacting neutrinos is either $N_{\mathrm{int}}=1,2$ or $3$, and the case in which a primordial abundance of the species is present. We apply these bounds to well-motivated models, such as the singlet majoron model or a light $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ gauge boson, and find that they represent the leading constraints for masses $m_X\sim 1\mathrm{eV}$. Finally, we revisit the extent to which neutrino-philic bosons can ameliorate the Hubble tension, and find that recent improvements in the understanding of how such bosons damp neutrino free streaming reduces the previously found success of this proposal.

   hep-phastro-ph.COEPJC(2023)·47 citations
2. 02*

   Feebly Interacting Particles: FIPs 2022 workshop report

   C. Antel🇨🇭 · M. Battaglieri🇮🇹 · J. Beacham🇺🇸 · C. Boehm🇦🇺 · O. Buchmüller🇬🇧 · F. Calore🇫🇷 · P. Carenza🇸🇪 · B. Chauhan🇺🇸 · P. Cladè🇫🇷 · P. Coloma🇪🇸 · P. Crivelli🇨🇭 · V. Dandoy🇩🇪 and 66 other authors

   Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·299 citations
3. 03*

   Neutron decay into a Dark Sector via Leptoquarks

   Sara Khatibi🇮🇷

   In this paper, we extend the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector with scalar leptoquarks (LQ) as a portal to the dark sector to resolve some observational anomalies simultaneously. We introduce LQ coupling to scalar dark matter (DM) to suggest an exotic decay channel for the neutron into scalar DM and an SM anti-neutrino. If the branching ratio of this new neutron decay channel is $1\%$, a long-standing discrepancy in the measured neutron lifetime between two different experimental methods, bottle and beam experiments, can be solved. The mass of the scalar DM produced from neutron decay should be in a narrow range and as a result, its production in the early universe is challenging. We discuss that the freeze-in mechanism can produce this scalar DM in the early universe with the correct relic abundance. Then we show that the model can explain other SM anomalies like the muon $(g-2)$, and $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ anomaly simultaneously.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
4. 04*

   What can a GNOME do? Search targets for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches

   S. Afach🇩🇪 · D. Aybas Tumturk🇺🇸 · H. Bekker🇩🇪 · B. C. Buchler🇦🇺 · D. Budker🇩🇪 · K. Cervantes🇺🇸 · A. Derevianko🇺🇸 · J. Eby🇯🇵 · N. L. Figueroa🇩🇪 · R. Folman🇮🇱 · D. Gavil'an Martin🇩🇪 · M. Givon🇮🇱 and 41 other authors

   Numerous observations suggest that there exist undiscovered beyond-the-Standard-Model particles and fields. Because of their unknown nature, these exotic particles and fields could interact with Standard Model particles in many different ways and assume a variety of possible configurations. Here we present an overview of the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME), our ongoing experimental program designed to test a wide range of exotic physics scenarios. The GNOME experiment utilizes a worldwide network of shielded atomic magnetometers (and, more recently, comagnetometers) to search for spatially and temporally correlated signals due to torques on atomic spins from exotic fields of astrophysical origin. We survey the temporal characteristics of a variety of possible signals currently under investigation such as those from topological defect dark matter (axion-like particle domain walls), axion-like particle stars, solitons of complex-valued scalar fields (Q-balls), stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter fields, a solar axion-like particle halo, and bursts of ultralight bosonic fields produced by cataclysmic astrophysical events such as binary black hole mergers.

   hep-phastro-ph.IMhep-exphysics.atom-ph+1Annalen Phys.(2024)·38 citations
5. 05*

   Limits on High-Frequency Gravitational Waves in Planetary Magnetospheres

   Tao Liu🇨🇳 · Jing Ren🇨🇳 · Chen Zhang🇨🇳

   High-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) carry a wealth of information on the early Universe with a tiny comoving horizon and astronomical objects of small scale but with dense energy. We demonstrate that the nearby planets, such as Earth and Jupiter, can be utilized as a laboratory for detecting the HFGWs. These GWs are then expected to convert to signal photons in the planetary magnetosphere, across the frequency band of astronomical observation. As a proof of concept, we present the first limits from the existing low-Earth-orbit satellite for specific frequency bands and project the sensitivities for the future more-dedicated detections. The first limits from Juno, the latest mission orbiting Jupiter, are also presented. Attributed to the long path of effective GW-photon conversion and the wide angular distribution of signal flux, we find that these limits are highly encouraging, for a broad frequency range including a large portion unexplored before.

   hep-phPRL(2024)·43 citations
6. 06*

   Simple, but not simplified: A new approach for optimising beyond-Standard Model physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider

   Melissa van Beekveld🇬🇧 · Philip Grace🇦🇺 · Anders Kvellestad🇳🇴 · Adam Leinweber🇦🇺 · Martin White🇦🇺

   Searches for beyond-Standard Model physics scenarios, such as supersymmetry (SUSY), at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are frequently optimised on simplified models. After assuming particular particle production and decay processes, analyses are optimised by tuning event selections on benchmark models generated in 2D planes of parameters, with all other parameters held fixed. Motivated by recent evidence that this removes sensitivity to a large volume of viable SUSY models, we propose an alternative approach based on dimensional reduction of global fit results. Starting from the results of a global fit of the 4D electroweak minimal supersymmetric standard model performed by the GAMBIT collaboration, we show how to define a 2D plane by using a variational autoencoder to map points in the original 4D parameter space to a 2D latent space. This allows for easy visualisation of the 4D global fit results, which generates insights into what we may be missing at the LHC. Furthermore, the invertible nature of the map to the 2D plane allows experimentalists to choose and simulate benchmark models in a 2D plane (as they could for a simplified model) whilst still accessing the full range of phenomenological scenarios identified by the global fit in the 4D model. We provide a demonstration of how our visualisation and benchmark model simulation process works, and develop an analysis that is able to exclude four benchmark models not excluded by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations in the set of results used for the global fit.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
7. 07*

   $\Sigma$ Resonances from a Neural Network-based Partial Wave Analysis on $K^{-}p$ Scattering

   Jun Shi🇨🇳 · Long-Cheng Gui🇨🇳 · Jian Liang🇨🇳 · Guoming Liu🇨🇳

   We implement a convolutional neural network to study the $\Sigma$ hyperons using experimental data of the $K^{-}p\to {\pi }^0\Lambda$ reaction. The averaged accuracy of the NN models in resolving resonances on the test data sets is $98.5\%$, $94.8\%$ and $82.5\%$ for one-, two- and three-additional-resonance case. We find that the three most significant resonances are $1/2^{+}$, $3/2^{+}$ and $3/2^{-}$ states with mass being $1.62(11)\mathrm{GeV}$, $1.72(6)\mathrm{GeV}$ and $1.61(9)\mathrm{GeV}$, and probability being $100(3)\%$, $72(24)\%$ and $98(52)\%$, respectively, where the errors mostly come from the uncertainties of the experimental data. Our results support the three-star $\Sigma (1660)1/2^{+}$, the one-star $\Sigma (1780)3/2^{+}$ and the one-star $\Sigma (1580)3/2^{-}$ in PDG. The ability of giving quantitative probabilities in resonance resolving and numerical stability make NN potentially a life-changing tool in baryon partial wave analysis, and this approach can be easily extended to accommodate other theoretical models and/or to include more experimental data.

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
8. 08*

   Nonlinear corrections for the nuclear gluon distribution in $eA$ processes

   G. R. Boroun🇮🇷 · B. Rezaei🇮🇷 · F. Abdi🇮🇷

   An analytical study with respect to the nonlinear corrections for the nuclear gluon distribution function in the next-to-leading order approximation at small $x$ is presented. We consider the nonlinear corrections to the nuclear gluon distribution functions at low values of $x$ and $Q^2$ using the parametrization $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and using the nuclear modification factors where they have been obtained with the Khanpour-Soleymaninia-Atashbar-Spiesberger-Guzey model. The CT18 gluon distribution is used as baseline proton gluon density at $Q_0^2=1.69{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$. We discuss the behavior of the gluon densities in the next-to-leading order and the next-to-next-to-leading order approximations at the initial scale $Q_0^2$, as well as the modifications due to the nonlinear corrections. We find the QCD nonlinear corrections are significant for the next-to-leading order accuracy than the next-to-next-to-leading order for light and heavy nuclei. The results of the nonlinear GLR-MQ evolution equation are similar to those obtained with the Rausch-Guzey-Klasen gluon upward and downward evolutions within the uncertainties. The magnitude of the gluon distribution with the nonlinear corrections increases with a decrease of $x$ and an increase of the atomic number A.

   hep-phCPC(2024)·6 citations
9. 09*

   Sea contribution to the charge radii and quadrupole moment of $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{+},{\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ baryons

   Preeti Bhall🇮🇳 · Meenakshi Batra🇮🇳 · Alka Upadhyay🇮🇳

   An operator formalism is used on the wavefunction of baryons to compute their charge radii and quadrupole moments. Total anti-symmetric wavefunction in spin, color and flavor space is framed for $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{+}$ nucleons and $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ hyperons. To understand the importance of sea, statistical model is used in conjugation with the detailed balance principle. Within the statistical approach, the importance of sea with quarks and gluons are studied using the relevant probabilities that are associated with spin, flavor, and color space. The present work also focuses on individual contributions of valence and sea which contains terms of scalar, vector and tensor sea. The obtained results are in agreement with available theories and few experimental outcomes. Our computed results may provide important information for upcoming experimental findings.

   hep-phnucl-thPTEP(2023)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Gravitational waves from a scotogenic two-loop neutrino mass model

    Cesar Bonilla🇨🇱 · A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · João Gonçalves🇵🇹 · Vishnudath K. N.🇨🇱 · António P. Morais🇵🇹 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪

    We propose a framework to account for neutrino masses at the two-loop level. This mechanism introduces new scalars and Majorana fermions to the Standard Model. It is assumed the existence of a global $\mathrm{U}(1)\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2$ symmetry which after partial breaking provides the stability of the dark matter candidates of the theory. The rich structure of the potential allows for the possibility of first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early Universe which can lead to the generation of primordial gravitational waves as one of the potentially observable signatures of this model. Taking into account relevant constraints from lepton flavour violation, neutrino physics as well as the trilinear Higgs couplings at next-to-leading order accuracy, we have found a wide range of possible FOPTs which are strong enough to be probed at the proposed gravitational-wave interferometer experiments such as LISA.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
11. 11*

    On underestimation of the inelastic interactions in the direct dark matter search

    Vadim A. Bednyakov🇷🇺

    In the paper expressions are obtained for the event rates expected in experiments aimed at direct detection of dark matter (DM) particles. These expressions allow one to estimate the rates taking into account simultaneously elastic (coherent) and inelastic (incoherent) channels of DM particle interaction with nuclei. The nonzero nuclear excitation energies are used in the calculation of the inelastic scattering contributions. A strong correlation between the excitation energy and the recoil energy of the excited nucleus limits the possibility of the inelastic channel detection with a number of nuclei. Together with the standard model of the DM distribution in the Galaxy some models are considered, which allow higher speeds of the DM particle. As the nuclear recoil energy, TA, increases, the dominance of the elastic interaction channel is smoothly replaced by the dominance of the inelastic one. Therefore, if a detector is set up to detect only elastic scattering events, it starts to lose capability of seeing anything. The only way to notice the interaction remains the gamma radiation from the deexcitation of the nucleus. In the case of spin-independent DM interaction, as TA increases, the inelastic contribution quickly dominates. If the DM particle interacts only spin-dependently, the detectors focused on registration of the elastic spin-dependent DM signal will see nothing, since the signal goes through the inelastic channel. It looks like the desired DM interaction could have a noticeable intensity, but the DM detector is unable to detect it. Therefore, a setup aimed at the direct DM detection should register two signals. The first is the nuclear recoil energy and the second is the gamma-quanta with a certain energy from the target nucleus deexitation. The experiment will provide the complete information about the DM interaction.

    hep-ph3 citations
12. 12*

    Hydrodynamic effects on the filtered dark matter produced by a first-order phase transition

    Siyu Jiang🇨🇳 · Fa Peng Huang🇨🇳 · Chong Sheng Li🇨🇳

    Motivated by current status of dark matter (DM) search, a new type of DM production mechanism is proposed based on thedynamical process of a strong first-order phase transition in the early universe, namely, the filtered DM mechanism. We study the hydrodynamic effects on the DM relic density. By detailed calculations, we demonstrate that the hydrodynamic modes with the corresponding hydrodynamic heating effects play essential roles in determining the DM relic density. The corresponding phase transition gravitational wave could help to probe this new mechanism.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·19 citations
13. 13*

    Revisiting lifetimes of doubly charmed baryons

    Lovro Dulibić🇭🇷 · James Gratrex🇭🇷 · Blaženka Melić🇭🇷 · Ivan Nišandžić🇭🇷

    We present updated predictions for lifetimes of doubly charmed baryons, within the heavy quark expansion, including available NLO ${\alpha }_s$ contributions and newly-computed terms in the $1/m_c$ series. Our improved results confirm the expected hierarchy $$\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{+})<\tau ({\Omega }_{cc}^{+})<\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{++}),$$ while the predicted lifetime $\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{++})=0.32\pm 0.05_{-0.07}^{+0.08}\text{ps}$ is consistent with the recent LHCb determination. We provide predictions for the lifetime ratios of the ${\Xi }_{cc}^{+}$ and ${\Omega }_{cc}^{+}$ baryons relative to the ${\Xi }_{cc}^{++}$ baryon, namely $\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{+})/\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{++})=0.22\pm 0.05\pm 0.04$ and $\tau ({\Omega }_{cc}^{+})/\tau ({\Xi }_{cc}^{++})=0.52\pm 0.13_{-0.02}^{+0.03}$.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·12 citations
14. 14*

    Pseudo and quasi quark PDF in the BFKL approximation

    Giovanni Antonio Chirilli🇪🇸

    I examine the high-energy behavior of the Ioffe-time distribution for the quark bi-local space-like separated operator using the high-energy operator product expansion. These findings have significant implications for lattice calculations, which require extrapolation for large Ioffe-time values. I perform an explicit Fourier transform for both the pseudo-PDF and quasi-PDF, and investigate their behavior within the first two leading twist contributions. I show that the quark pseudo-PDF captures the BFKL resummation (resummation of all twists) and exhibits a rising behavior for small $x_B$ values, while the quasi-PDF presents a different behavior. I demonstrate that an appropriate small-$x_B$ behavior cannot be achieved solely through DGLAP dynamics, emphasizing the importance of all-twist resummation. This study provides valuable insights into quark non-local operators' high-energy behavior and the limitations of lattice calculations in this context.

    hep-phhep-lathep-thJHEP(2023)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Linear seesaw mechanism from dark sector

    A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Vishnudath K. N.🇨🇱 · José W. F. Valle🇪🇸

    We propose a minimal model where a dark sector seeds neutrino mass generation radiatively within the linear seesaw mechanism. Neutrino masses are calculable, since tree-level contributions are forbidden by symmetry. They arise from spontaneous lepton number violation by a small Higgs triplet vacuum expectation value. Lepton flavour violating processes e.g. $\mu \to e\gamma$ can be sizeable, despite the tiny neutrino masses. We comment also on dark-matter and collider implications.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·14 citations
16. 16*

    Analysis of Direct and Indirect Detection of Fermionic Dark Matter of 6-Dimensional Effective Field Theory

    Ayşe Elçiboğa Kuday · Ferhat Özok · Erdinç Ulaş Saka

    We present an analysis of fermionic dark matter (DM) in the context of 6 dimensional Effective Field Theory (EFT). We also compared the result generated via the 6-dimensional EFT analysis with the current experimental results for dark matter searches. These experiments are methodically categorised as direct and indirect search and present some constraints on dark matter model parameters of 6-dimensional EFT. We constructed a new set of tools ensuring DM researches in various platforms. The model parameters are presented to guide DM production in colliders by taking account of the upper limits at direct and indirect searches. In this paper we apply our approach for fermionic case to test the verification of the method. There are various type of search methods for DM, each depends on type of interaction of dark matter with SM particles. Finally we analysed fermionic DM candidate of 6-dimensional Effective Field Theory (EFT) at the platforms of DM searches. A new set of numerical tools is specified for 6-dimensional fermionic DM model, and these tools are also tested.

    hep-phInternational Journal of Geometric Method…
17. 17*

    Resolving the muon $g-2$ tension through $Z^{\prime }$-induced modifications to ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{had}}$

    Nina M. Coyle🇺🇸 · Carlos E.M. Wagner🇺🇸

    The QED hadronic vacuum polarization function plays an important role in the determination of precision electroweak observables and of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. These contributions have been computed from data, by means of dispersion relations affecting the electron positron hadronic cross sections, or by first principle lattice-QCD computations in the Standard Model. Today there is a discrepancy between the two approaches for determining these contributions, which affects the comparison of the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon with the theoretical predictions. In this article, we revisit the idea that this discrepancy may be explained by the presence of a new light gauge boson that couples to the first generation quark and leptons and has a mass below the GeV scale. We discuss the requirements for its consistency with observations and the phenomenological implications of such a gauge extension.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·16 citations
18. 18*

    Cosmological phase transitions: from perturbative particle physics to gravitational waves

    Peter Athron🇨🇳 · Csaba Balázs🇦🇺 · Andrew Fowlie🇨🇳 · Lachlan Morris🇦🇺 · Lei Wu🇨🇳

    Gravitational waves (GWs) were recently detected for the first time. This revolutionary discovery opens a new way of learning about particle physics through GWs from first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in the early Universe. FOPTs could occur when new fundamental symmetries are spontaneously broken down to the Standard Model and are a vital ingredient in solutions of the matter anti-matter asymmetry problem. The purpose of our work is to review the path from a particle physics model to GWs, which contains many specialized parts, so here we provide a timely review of all the required steps, including: (i) building a finite-temperature effective potential in a particle physics model and checking for FOPTs; (ii) computing transition rates; (iii) analyzing the dynamics of bubbles of true vacuum expanding in a thermal plasma; (iv) characterizing a transition using thermal parameters; and, finally, (v) making predictions for GW spectra using the latest simulations and theoretical results and considering the detectability of predicted spectra at future GW detectors. For each step we emphasize the subtleties, advantages and drawbacks of different methods, discuss open questions and review the state-of-art approaches available in the literature. This provides everything a particle physicist needs to begin exploring GW phenomenology.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPPNP(2024)·375 citations
19. 19*

    Counting Operators in $N=1$ Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

    Antonio Delgado🇺🇸 · Adam Martin🇺🇸 · Runqing Wang🇺🇸

    Following a recent publication, in this paper we count the number of independent operators at arbitrary mass dimension in $N=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories and derive their field and derivative content. This work uses Hilbert series machinery and extends a technique from our previous work on handling integration by parts redundancies to vector superfields. The method proposed here can be applied to both abelian and non-abelian gauge theories and for any set of (chiral/antichiral) matter fields. We work through detailed steps for the abelian case with single flavor chiral superfield at mass dimension eight, and provide other examples in the appendices.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·9 citations
20. 20*

    The Classical Equations of Motion of Quantized Gauge Theories, Part I: General Relativity

    David E. Kaplan🇺🇸 · Tom Melia🇯🇵 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸

    In this and a companion paper, we show that quantum field theories with gauge symmetries permit a broader class of classical dynamics than typically assumed. In this article, we show that the dynamics extracted from the path integral or Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity allows for classical states that do not satisfy the full set of Einstein's equations. This amounts to loosening the Hamiltonian and momentum constraints that are imposed on the initial state. Nevertheless, the quantum theory permits gauge invariant time evolution of these states. The time evolution of these states is such that at the classical level the full set of Einstein's equations would appear to hold, with the physical effects of these states being attributable to an auxiliary, covariantly conserved energy-momentum tensor with no internal degrees of freedom. We derive the generalized Einstein equations for these states and show that a homogeneous and isotropic initial background state contributes to expansion identical to cold dark matter. The inhomogeneous components of this state could source curvature perturbations that grow linearly at linear order. This auxiliary contribution to Einstein's equations could have either sign and thus provide a trivial way to violate the null energy condition, enabling novel gravitational dynamics such as cosmic bounces and wormholes.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph14 citations
21. 21*

    Constraints on dark matter-neutrino scattering from the Milky-Way satellites and subhalo modeling for dark acoustic oscillations

    Kensuke Akita🇰🇷 · Shin'ichiro Ando🇳🇱

    The elastic scattering between dark matter (DM) and radiation can potentially explain small-scale observations that the cold dark matter faces as a challenge, as damping density fluctuations via dark acoustic oscillations in the early universe erases small-scale structure. We study a semi-analytical subhalo model for interacting dark matter with radiation, based on the extended Press-Schechter formalism and subhalos' tidal evolution prescription. We also test the elastic scattering between DM and neutrinos using observations of Milky-Way satellites from the Dark Energy Survey and PanSTARRS1. We conservatively impose strong constraints on the DM-neutrino scattering cross section of ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,n}\propto E_{\nu }^n$ $(n=0,2,4)$ at $95\%$ confidence level (CL), ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,0}<10^{-32}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})$, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,2}<10^{-43}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})(E_{\nu }/E_{\nu }^0{)}^2$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,4}<10^{-54}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})(E_{\nu }/E_{\nu }^0{)}^4$, where $E_{\nu }$ is the neutrino energy and $E_{\nu }^0$ is the average momentum of relic cosmic neutrinos today, $E_{\nu }^0\simeq 6.1\mathrm{K}$. By imposing a satellite forming condition, we obtain the strongest upper bounds on the DM-neutrino cross section at $95\%$ CL, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,0}<4\times 10^{-34}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})$, ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,2}<10^{-46}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})(E_{\nu }/E_{\nu }^0{)}^2$ and ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{DM}\text{-}\nu ,4}<7\times 10^{-59}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^2(m_{\mathrm{DM}}/\mathrm{GeV})(E_{\nu }/E_{\nu }^0{)}^4$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·49 citations
22. 22*

    The Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism: A underestimated legacy

    Axel Maas🇦🇹

    There is an odd tension in electroweak physics. Perturbation theory is extremely successful. At the same time, fundamental field theory gives manifold reasons why this should not be the case. This tension is resolved by the Fröhlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism. However, the legacy of this work goes far beyond the resolution of this tension, and may usher in a fundamentally and ontologically different perspective on elementary particles, and even quantum gravity.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-lathep-ph+1Springer, 2023·12 citations
23. 23*

    Event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations and correlations in ring-like and jet like events in ${}^{197}$Au-AgBr collisions at 11.6A GeV/c

    Bushra Ali🇮🇳 · Sweta Singh🇮🇳 · Anuj Chandra🇮🇳 · Shakeel Ahmad🇮🇳

    Event-by-event (ebe) multiplicity \fll and \cor amongst the charged particles emitted in the forward-backward symmetric pseudorapidity (\et) windows of varying widths and positions are investigated by analyzing the experimental data on ${}^{197}$Au-AgBr collisions at 11.6A GeV/c. The findings are compared with the predictions of relativistic transport model, \urq and independent particle emission (or mixed event) model. It is observed that the \fll in ebe mean pseudorapidity values and those reflected from the \fll strength measure, \(\Phi\) are relatively higher as compared to those expected from the statistically independent particle emission model. The study of the variance, \(\sigma_c^2\) of a suitably defined forward-backward asymmetry variable \(C\) as a function of \et window width and position indicates the presence of strong short-range correlations, which might arise due to isotropic decay of cluster-like objects either in forward or backward \et region. Furthermore, analyses of events having \ring and \jet substructures, carried out separately, suggest that the major contribution to the observed \fll in the data sample are due to ring-like events, while the contributions from the \jet events appear to be rather small. The observed difference in the behavior of correlation strengths from the two types of events might be due to the enhanced emission of Cherenkov gluons, giving rise to the \ring substructure. The mixed event analysis further confirms that the observed \fll are the distinct feature of the data, which disappear after event mixing.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phIJMPE(2023)·2 citations
24. 24*

    Constraining the dark matter interpretation of the positron excess with $\gamma$-ray data

    Haoxiang Zhan🇬🇧

    The particle origin of dark matter (DM) is still one of the main puzzles in modern physics. One of the most promising search strategy to detect DM at laboratories is through the indirect search of cosmic particles that are produced from DM annihilation in space. In particular, the flux of cosmic positrons has been measured with high precision by the AMS-02 experiment demonstrating that an excess above 10 GeV, with respect to the secondary production, is present. We study in this paper the possible DM origin of the positron excess finding the values of the DM mass $M$ and annihilation cross section $⟨\sigma v⟩$ that are needed to fit high-energy positron data. In particular, we find that for DM annihilating into $b\bar{b}$ it is required to have $M=43$ TeV and $⟨\sigma v⟩=10^{-21}$ cm${}^3$/s while for ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ $M=2$ TeV and $⟨\sigma v⟩=3\times 10^{-23}$ cm${}^3$/s. If DM produce positrons, they are expected to generate gamma rays from the center of the Milky Way and around dwarf galaxy satellites of the Galaxy. We thus combine the values for the DM mass and annihilation cross section obtained with the fit to AMS-02 positron data with the upper limits derived with the non-detection of $\gamma$ rays with HESS in the direction of the Galactic center and Fermi-LAT for the combined analysis of dwarf galaxies. The main result of the paper is that only DM annihilating into ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ with a mass around 500 GeV and $⟨\sigma v⟩=4\times 10^{-24}$ cm${}^3$/s can fit AMS-02 data and be compatible with the upper limits found with $\gamma$ rays. As for the ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ ($b\bar{b}$) channel, DM can contribute at most at a few tens $\%$ (a few \%) level.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph2 citations
25. 25*

    The self-confinement of electrons and positrons from dark matter

    Marco Regis🇮🇹 · Michael Korsmeier🇸🇪 · Gianni Bernardi🇮🇹 · Giada Pignataro🇮🇹 · Javier Reynoso-Cordova🇮🇹 · Piero Ullio🇮🇹

    Radiative emissions from electrons and positrons generated by dark matter (DM) annihilation or decay are one of the most investigated signals in indirect searches of WIMPs. Ideal targets must have large ratio of DM to baryonic matter. However, such ``dark'' systems have a poorly known level of magnetic turbulence, which determines the residence time of the electrons and positrons and therefore also the strength of the expected signal. This typically leads to significant uncertainties in the derived DM bounds. In a novel approach, we compute the self-confinement of the DM-induced electrons and positrons. Indeed, they themselves generate irregularities in the magnetic field, thus setting a lower limit on the presence of the magnetic turbulence. We specifically apply this approach to dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Finally, by comparing the expected synchrotron emission with radio data from the direction of the Draco galaxy collected at the Giant Metre Radio Telescope, we show that the proposed approach can be used to set robust and competitive bounds on WIMP DM.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2023)·10 citations
26. 26*

    Impacts of dark matter interaction on nuclear and neutron star matter within the relativistic mean-field model

    H. C. Das🇮🇳

    This thesis explores the effects of dark matter (DM) on neutron stars (NSs) using the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. The effects of DM on NS properties, including the mass-radius relation, the moment of inertia, and tidal deformability, are calculated by varying its fraction. The study found that the EOS becomes softer with increasing DM momentum, and the DM has marginal effects on nuclear matter properties, except for the EOSs and binding energy per particle. The study also calculated the properties of isolated, static, and rotating DM admixed NS and found that the DM has significant effects on both static and rotating NS. We have also observed that a tiny amount of DM can accumulate inside the NS, and more amount of it makes the NS unstable. The study also suggests that the secondary component might be a NS with DM content if the underlying nuclear EOS is sufficiently stiff. The $f$-mode oscillations of the DM admixed hyperon stars are calculated and found that there exist a correlation between canonical $f$-mode frequency and the dimensionless tidal deformability parameter (${\Lambda }_{1.4}$) and we have put a constraint on $f$-mode frequency using GW170817 data. Finally, we have calculated the DM admixed binary NS properties and found that the binary system becomes less deformed and sustains more time in its inspiral phases with the addition of DM. Therefore, we suggest that one can take DM inside the compact objects while modeling the inspiral waveforms for the BNS systems.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph1 citation
27. 27*

    Nonlinear chiral kinetic theory

    Kazuya Mameda🇯🇵

    From quantum field theory, we derive the chiral kinetic theory involving nonlinear quantum corrections coupled with spacetime-dependent electromagnetic fields and fluid velocity gradients. An equilibrium Wigner function determined by the kinetic equation verifies the nondissipativeness of the charge induced by the magneto-vortical coupling. We reveal that this nonlinear chiral kinetic theory is consistent with the one-loop Euler--Heisenberg effective theory, indicating an indirect evidence of the trace anomaly in the kinetic theory. We also argue a potential issue on the regularization, and demonstrate the availability of the point-splitting regularization in the nonlinear chiral kinetic theory.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.mes-hallhep-phPRD(2023)·11 citations
28. 28*

    Testing charge quantization with axion string-induced cosmic birefringence

    Weichen Winston Yin🇺🇸 · Liang Dai🇺🇸 · Simone Ferraro🇺🇸

    We demonstrate that the Peccei-Quinn-electromagnetic anomaly coefficient $\mathcal{A}$ can be directly measured from axion string-induced cosmic birefringence by applying scattering transform to the anisotropic polarization rotation of the cosmic microwave background. This breaks the degeneracy between $\mathcal{A}$ and the effective number of string loops in traditional inference analyses that are solely based on the spatial power spectrum of polarization rotation. Carrying out likelihood-based parameter inference on mock rotation realizations generated according to phenomenological string network models, we show that scattering transform is able to extract enough non-Gaussian information to clearly distinguish a number of discrete $\mathcal{A}$ values, for instance $\mathcal{A}=1/9,1/3,2/3$, in the ideal case of noise-free rotation reconstruction, and, to a lesser but interesting degree, at reconstruction noise levels comparable to that expected for the proposed CMB-HD concept. In the event of a statistical detection of cosmic birefringence by Stage III or IV CMB experiments, our technique can be applied to test the stringy nature of the birefringence pattern and extract fundamental information about the smallest unit of charge in theories beyond the Standard Model.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·14 citations
29. 29*

    Structures of Neural Network Effective Theories

    Ian Banta🇺🇸 · Tianji Cai🇺🇸 · Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Zhengkang Zhang🇺🇸

    We develop a diagrammatic approach to effective field theories (EFTs) corresponding to deep neural networks at initialization, which dramatically simplifies computations of finite-width corrections to neuron statistics. The structures of EFT calculations make it transparent that a single condition governs criticality of all connected correlators of neuron preactivations. Understanding of such EFTs may facilitate progress in both deep learning and field theory simulations.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.dis-nncs.LGhep-ph+1PRD(2024)·14 citations
30. 30*

    de Sitter Space Decay and Cosmological Constant Relaxation in Unimodular Gravity with Charged Membranes

    Nemanja Kaloper🇺🇸

    General covariant unimodular gravity frameworks, based on the Henneaux-Teitelboim formulation, are, in disguise, precisely $4$-form field theories corrected with higher dimension operators. In the presence of charged tensional membranes, any de Sitter space in all such theories is unstable and decays. If the fluxes sourced by membranes are mutually incommensurate, de Sitter geometries comprise a very refined discretuum of states. Whenever the $4$-form sector is dominated by terms linear in flux the almost-Minkowski space is the unique long-time attractor. As a result, a tiny cosmological constant is natural in all such frameworks, without appealing to anthropic reasoning.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.