Wed·May 3, 2023Wednesday·May 3, 2023

1. 01*

   The average equation of state for the oscillating inflaton field of the simplest $\alpha$-attractor E-model

   Chia-Min Lin🇨🇳

   In this work, we calculate the average equation of state for the oscillating inflaton field of the simplest $\alpha$-attractor E-model. We show that the average equation of state can be solved analytically. We discover that when $\alpha$ is small, the average equation of state of the oscillating inflaton field approaches that of a cosmological constant. This is the phenomenon of oscillating inflation.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thChin.J.Phys.(2024)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Baryonic heavy-to-light form factors induced by tensor current in light-front approach

   Hang Liu🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳

   Inspired by the recent anomalies on the lepton flavor universalities, we present a investigation of baryonic form factors induced by heavy-to-light tensor currents. With the light-front quark model, we calculate the tensor form factors and the momentum-distributions are accessed with two parametrization forms. Numerical results for the form factors at $q^2=0$ are derived and parameters in $q^2$ distributions are obtained through extrapolation. Our results are helpful for the analysis of new physics contributions in the heavy-to-light transition.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
3. 03*

   The gauge coupling unification in the flipped $E_8$ GUT

   Konstantin Stepanyantz🇷🇺

   The gauge coupling unification is investigated at the classical level under the assumptions that the gauge symmetry breaking chain is $E_8\to E_7\times U_1\to E_6\times U_1\to S{O}_{10}\times U_1\to S{U}_5\times U_1\to S{U}_3\times S{U}_2\times U_1$ and only components of the representations 248 of $E_8$ can acquire vacuum expectation values. We demonstrate that there are several options for the relations between the gauge couplings of the resulting theory, but the only symmetry breaking pattern corresponds to ${\alpha }_3={\alpha }_2$ and ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W=3/8$. Moreover, only for this option the particle content of the resulting theory includes all MSSM superfields. It is also noted that this symmetry breaking pattern corresponds to the case when all representation which acquire vacuum expectation values have the minimal absolute values of the relevant $U_1$ charges.

   hep-phTeor.Mat.Fiz.(2024)·4 citations
4. 04*

   Is the Higgs Boson the Master of the Universe?

   Fred Jegerlehner🇩🇪

   The discovery of the Higgs particle has yielded a specific value for the mass of the Higgs boson, which, depending on some technical details in the calculation of the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ parameters (relevant for the high energy range) from the physical parameters (measured in low energy range), allows the Standard Model (SM) to hold up to the Planck scale about ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{Pl}}\sim 10^{19}\mathrm{GeV}$. One then has the possibility that the Higgs boson not only provides mass for all SM-particles but very likely also has supplied dark energy that inflated the young universe shortly after the Big Bang. The SM Higgs boson is a natural candidate for the Inflaton, and the Higgs boson decays are able to reheat the universe after inflation. I argue that the structures of the SM evolve naturally from a Planck cutoff medium (ether) and thus find their explanation. That the SM is an emergent structure is also strongly supported by Veltman's derivation of the SM from some general principles, which we can understand as the result of a low-energy expansion. I emphasize the role of the hierarchy problem and the problem of the cosmological constant as causal for the Higgs inflation scenario. After the discovery of the Higgs boson at 125 GeV, and considering the absence of beyond the SM particles at the LHC, a new view on the SM of particle physics and its role in early cosmology has become indispensable. Very likely, the spectacular Higgs discovery turned out to have completed the SM in an unexpected way, revealing it as an inescapable emergence which shapes the early universe.

   hep-ph3 citations
5. 05*

   Quantum calculation of axion-photon transition in electromagnetodynamics for cavity haloscope

   Tong Li🇨🇳 · Rui-Jia Zhang🇨🇳

   The Witten effect implies the presence of electric charge of magnetic monople and possible relationship between axion and dyon. The axion-dyon dynamics can be reliably built based on the quantum electromagnetodynamics (QEMD) which was developed by Schwinger and Zwanziger in 1960's. A generic low-energy axion-photon effective field theory can also be realized in the language of ``generalized symmetries'' with higher-form symmetries and background gauge fields. In this work, we implement the quantum calculation of axion-single photon transition rate inside a homogeneous electromagnetic field in terms of the new axion interaction Hamiltonian in QEMD. This quantum calculation can clearly imply the enhancement of conversion rate through resonant cavity in axion haloscope experiments. We also show the promising potentials on the cavity search of new axion-photon couplings in QEMD.

   hep-phhep-exCPC(2023)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Investigating $Z_{cs}(3985)$ and $Z_{cs}(4000)$ exotic states in ${\Lambda }_b\to Z_{cs}^{-}p$ decays

   Yao Yu🇨🇳 · Zhuang Xiong🇨🇳 · Han Zhang🇨🇳 · Bai-Cian Ke🇨🇳 · Jia-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Dong-Ze He🇨🇳 · Rui-Yu Zhou🇨🇳

   We study the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ and $Z_{cs}(4000)$ exotic states in the decays of ${\Lambda }_b$ baryons through a molecular scenario. In the final state interaction, the ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{D}_s^{(\ast )-}$ decays are followed by the ${\Lambda }_c^{+}{D}_s^{(\ast )-}$ to $Z_{cs}^{-}p$ rescatterings via exchange of a $D^{(\ast )}$ meson. We predict a branching fraction of $(3.1_{-2.6}^{+1.4})\times 10^{-4}$ for ${\Lambda }_b\to Z_{cs}^{-}p$, which can be measured in the ${\Lambda }_b\to J/\psi K^{(\ast )-}p$ decay. This study proposes a new approach to test the molecular model, and guides future experimental searches for the $Z_{cs}(3985)$ and $Z_{cs}(4000)$.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Model Building by Coset Space Dimensional Reduction Scheme Using Twelve-Dimensional Coset Spaces

   Kento Asai🇯🇵 · Joe Sato🇯🇵 · Ryosuke Suda🇯🇵 · Yasutaka Takanishi🇯🇵 · Masaki J. S. Yang🇯🇵

   We investigate the twelve-dimensional gauge-Higgs unification models with an eight-dimensional coset space. For each model, we apply the coset space dimensional reduction procedure and examine the particle contents of the resulting four-dimensional theory. Then, some twelve-dimensional SO(18) gauge theories lead to models of the SO(10)\times U(1) grand unified theory in four dimensions, where fermions of the Standard Model appear in multiple generations along with scalars that may break the electroweak symmetry. The representations of the obtained scalars and fermions are summarized.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·1 citation
8. 08*

   From imaginary to real chemical potential QCD with functional methods

   Julian Bernhardt🇩🇪 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪

   We investigate the quality of the extrapolation procedure employed in Ref. [1] to extract the crossover line at real chemical potential from lattice data at imaginary potential. To this end we employ a functional approach that does not suffer from the sign problem. We utilize a well-studied combination of lattice Yang--Mills theory with a truncated set of Dyson--Schwinger equations in Landau gauge for $2+1$ quark flavors. This system predicts a critical endpoint at moderate temperatures and rather large (real) chemical potential with a curvature of the pseudo-critical transition line comparable to recent lattice extrapolations. We determine the light quark condensate and chiral susceptibility at imaginary chemical potentials and perform an analytic continuation along the lines described in [1]. We find that the analytically continued crossover line agrees very well (within one percent) with the explicitly calculated one for chemical potentials up to about 80 % of the one of the critical end point. The method breaks down in the region where the chiral susceptibility as a function of the condensate cannot any longer be well described by a polynomial.

   hep-phhep-latEPJA(2023)·12 citations
9. 09*

   Dynamics in near-threshold $J/\psi$ photoproduction

   JPAC Collaboration: D. Winney🇨🇳 · C. Fernandez-Ramirez🇪🇸 · A. Pilloni🇮🇹 · A. N. Hiller Blin🇩🇪 · M. Albaladejo🇪🇸 · L. Bibrzycki🇵🇱 · N. Hammoud🇵🇱 · J. Liao🇺🇸 · V. Mathieu🇪🇸 · G. Montana🇺🇸 · R. J. Perry🇪🇸 · V. Shastry🇵🇱 · W. A. Smith🇺🇸 · A. P. Szczepaniak🇺🇸

   The study of $J/\psi$ photoproduction at low energies has consequences for the understanding of multiple aspects of nonperturbative QCD, ranging from mechanical properties of the proton, to the binding inside nuclei, and the existence of hidden-charm pentaquarks. Factorization of the photon-$c\bar{c}$ and nucleon dynamics or Vector Meson Dominance are often invoked to justify these studies. Alternatively, open charm intermediate states have been proposed as the dominant mechanism underlying $J/\psi$ photoproduction. As the latter violates this factorization, it is important to estimate the relevance of such contributions. We analyse the latest differential and integrated photoproduction cross sections from the GlueX and $J/\psi$-007 experiments. We show that the data can be adequately described by a small number of partial waves, which we parameterize with generic models enforcing low-energy unitarity. The results suggest a nonnegligible contribution from open charm intermediate states. Furthermore, most of the models present an elastic scattering length incompatible with previous extractions based on Vector Meson Dominance, and thus call into question its applicability to heavy mesons. Our results indicate a wide array of physics possibilities that are compatible with present data and need to be disentangled.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2023)·62 citations
10. 10*

    Electromagnetic and gravitational local spatial densities for spin-1 systems

    J. Yu. Panteleeva🇩🇪 · E. Epelbaum🇩🇪 · J. Gegelia🇩🇪 · U.-G. Meißner🇩🇪

    The matrix elements of the electromagnetic current and the energy-momentum tensor for sharply localized states of spin-1 systems are considered. Their interpretation as local spatial densities of various characteristics of the considered system is discussed.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·16 citations
11. 11*

    The Sommerfeld enhancement at NLO and the dark matter unitarity bound

    Salvatore Bottaro🇮🇱 · Diego Redigolo🇮🇹

    We reexamine the consequences of perturbative unitarity on dark matter freeze-out when both Sommerfeld enhancement and bound state formation affect dark matter annihilations. At leading order (LO) the annihilation cross-section is infrared dominated and the connection between the unitarity bound and the upper bound on the dark matter mass depends only on how the different partial waves are populated. We compute how this picture is modified at next-to-leading order (NLO) with the goal of assigning a reliable theory uncertainty to the freeze-out predictions. We explicitly compute NLO corrections in a simple model with abelian gauge interactions and provide an estimate of the theoretical uncertainty for the thermal masses of heavy electroweak $n$-plets. Along the way, we clarify the regularization and matching procedure necessary to deal with singular potentials in quantum mechanics with a calculable, relativistic UV completion.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2024)·16 citations
12. 12*

    Baryons, multi-hadron systems, and composite dark matter in non-relativistic QCD

    Benoît Assi🇺🇸 · Michael L. Wagman🇺🇸

    We provide a formulation of potential non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics (pNRQCD) suitable for calculating binding energies and matrix elements of generic hadron and multi-hadron states made of heavy quarks in $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory using quantum Monte Carlo techniques. We compute masses of quarkonium and triply-heavy baryons in order to study the perturbative convergence of pNRQCD and validate our numerical methods. Further, we study $SU(N_c)$ models of composite dark matter and provide simple power series fits to our pNRQCD results that can be used to relate dark meson and baryon masses to the fundamental parameters of these models. For many systems comprised entirely of heavy quarks, the quantum Monte Carlo methods employed here are less computationally demanding than lattice field theory methods, although they introduce additional perturbative approximations. The formalism presented here may therefore be particularly useful for predicting composite dark matter properties for a wide range of $N_c$ and heavy fermion masses.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2023)·14 citations
13. 13*

    Dark linear seesaw mechanism

    A. Batra🇵🇹 · H. B. Câmara🇵🇹 · F. R. Joaquim🇵🇹

    We propose a minimal model where a dark sector, odd under a ${\mathcal{Z}}_2$ discrete symmetry, is the seed of lepton number violation in the neutrino sector at the loop level, in the context of the linear seesaw mechanism. Neutrino mass suppression stems from a naturally small scalar potential coupling which breaks the lepton number symmetry softly. The fact that we consider (dark) Dirac vector-like neutral leptons, prevents the appearance of other mass terms that could contribute to neutrino masses via alternative mechanisms. We study the dark-matter phenomenology of the model, focusing on the case in which the stable particle is the lightest neutral scalar arising from the dark scalar sector. Prospects for testing our framework with the results of current and future lepton flavour violation searches are also discussed.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·13 citations
14. 14*

    Quantum information and quantum simulation of neutrino physics

    A. B. Balantekin🇺🇸 · Michael J. Cervia🇺🇸 · Amol V. Patwardhan🇺🇸 · Ermal Rrapaj🇺🇸 · Pooja Siwach🇺🇸

    In extreme astrophysical environments such as core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers, neutrinos play a major role in driving various dynamical and microphysical phenomena, such as baryonic matter outflows, the synthesis of heavy elements, and the supernova explosion mechanism itself. The interactions of neutrinos with matter in these environments are flavor-specific, which makes it of paramount importance to understand the flavor evolution of neutrinos. Flavor evolution in these environments can be a highly nontrivial problem thanks to a multitude of collective effects in flavor space, arising due to neutrino-neutrino ($\nu$-$\nu$) interactions in regions with high neutrino densities. A neutrino ensemble undergoing flavor oscillations under the influence of significant $\nu$-$\nu$ interactions is somewhat analogous to a system of coupled spins with long-range interactions among themselves and with an external field ('long-range' in momentum-space in the case of neutrinos). As a result, it becomes pertinent to consider whether these interactions can give rise to significant quantum correlations among the interacting neutrinos, and whether these correlations have any consequences for the flavor evolution of the ensemble. In particular, one may seek to utilize concepts and tools from quantum information science and quantum computing to deepen our understanding of these phenomena. In this article, we attempt to summarize recent work in this field. Furthermore, we also present some new results in a three-flavor setting, considering complex initial states.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phquant-phEPJA(2023)·44 citations
15. 15*

    Generalized chiral instabilities, linking numbers, and non-invertible symmetries

    Naoki Yamamoto🇯🇵 · Ryo Yokokura🇯🇵

    We demonstrate a universal mechanism of a class of instabilities in infrared regions for massless Abelian $p$-form gauge theories with topological interactions, which we call generalized chiral instabilities. Such instabilities occur in the presence of initial electric fields for the $p$-form gauge fields. We show that the dynamically generated magnetic fields tend to decrease the initial electric fields and result in configurations with linking numbers, which can be characterized by non-invertible global symmetries. The so-called chiral plasma instability and instabilities of the axion electrodynamics and $(4+1)$-dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in electric fields can be described by the generalized chiral instabilities in a unified manner. We also illustrate this mechanism in the $(2+1)$-dimensional Goldstone-Maxwell model in electric field.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.mes-hallhep-phJHEP(2023)·13 citations
16. 16*

    Extended Analysis of Neutrino-Dark Matter Interactions with Small-Scale CMB Experiments

    Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Carsten van de Bruck🇬🇧 · Eleonora Di Valentino🇬🇧 · William Giarè🇬🇧 · Sebastian Trojanowski🇵🇱

    We explore an extension of the standard $\Lambda$CDM model by including an interaction between neutrinos and dark matter, and making use of the ground based telescope data of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). An indication for a non-zero coupling between dark matter and neutrinos (both assuming a temperature independent and $T^2$ dependent cross-section) is obtained at the 1$\sigma$ level coming from the ACT CMB data alone and when combined with the Planck CMB and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements. This result is confirmed by both fixing the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom in the early Universe to the Standard Model value of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}=3.044$, and allowing $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ to be a free cosmological parameter. Furthermore, when performing a Bayesian model comparison, the interacting $\nu$DM (+$N_{\mathrm{eff}}$) scenario is mostly preferred over a baseline $\Lambda$CDM (+$N_{\mathrm{eff}}$) cosmology. The preferred value is then used as a benchmark and the potential implications of dark matter's interaction with a sterile neutrino are discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2023)·32 citations
17. 17*

    On-Shell Calculation of Mixed Electromagnetic and Gravitational Scattering

    Barry R. Holstein🇺🇸

    The study of long-range effects arising from the higher order exchange of massless particles via summation of Feynman diagrams is well known, but recently it has been shown that the use of on-shell methods can provide a streamlined route to the calculation of both electromagnetic and gravitational effects. In this note we demonstrate that the use of on-shell methods yields a similar simplification in the evaluation of higher order effects in the case of mixed electromagnetic and gravitational scattering.

    ↳ nucl-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
18. 18*

    Fundamental cosmology from ANDES precision spectroscopy

    C. M. J. Marques🇵🇹 · C. J. A. P. Martins🇵🇹 · C. S. Alves🇵🇹

    Fundamental cosmology observations, such as the detection of the redshift drift and tests of the universality of physical laws, are key science and design drivers of the ArmazoNes high Dispersion Echelle Spectrograph (ANDES), an Extremely Large Telescope instrument. While separate forecasts for each of them have been reported, we have developed Fisher Matrix based forecast tools combining both of these observables. We demonstrate the synergies between the two ANDES datasets, quantifying the improvements in cosmology and fundamental physics parameter constraints for two separate theoretical paradigms. We publicly release this forecast code, which is one of the tools for the optimisation of the ANDES observing strategy.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phMNRAS(2023)·7 citations
19. 19*

    Generalizations of Quasilinear MOND (QUMOND)

    Mordehai Milgrom🇮🇱

    I present a class of theories that generalize quasilinear MOND (QUMOND). Like QUMOND, these GQUMOND theories require solving only the linear Poisson equation (twice). Unlike QUMOND, their Lagrangian depends on higher derivatives of the Newtonian potential. They thus dictate different "phantom" densities as virtual sources in the Poisson equation for the MOND potential. These theories might open new avenues to more fundamental theories, and have much heuristic value. I use them to demonstrate that even within limited classes of modified-gravity formulations of MOND, theories can differ substantially on lower-tier MOND predictions. Such GQUMOND theories force, generically, the introduction of dimensioned constants other than the MOND acceleration, $a_0$, such as a length, a frequency, etc. As a result, some of these theories reduce to QUMOND itself only, e.g., on length scales (or, in other versions, dynamical times) larger than some critical value. But in smaller systems (or, alternatively, in ones with shorter dynamical times), MOND effects are screened, even if their internal accelerations are smaller than $a_0$. In such theories it is possible that MOND (expressed as QUMOND) applies on galactic scales, but its departures from Newtonian dynamics are substantially suppressed in some subgalactic systems -- such as binary stars, and open, or globular star clusters. The same holds for the effect of the galactic field on dynamics in the inner solar system, which can be greatly suppressed compared with what QUMOND predicts. Tidal effects of a galaxy on smaller subsystems are the same as in QUMOND, for the examples I consider. I also describe briefly versions that do not involve dimensioned constants other than $a_0$, and yet differ from QUMOND in important ways.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·22 citations
20. 20*

    Gauge and Poincare properties of the UV cutoff and UV completion in quantum field theory

    Durmus Demir🇹🇷

    The ultraviolet (UV) cutoff on a quantum field theory (QFT) can explicitly break or conserve the Poincare (translation) symmetry. And the very same cutoff can explicitly break or conserve the gauge symmetry. In the present work, we perform a systematic study of the UV cutoff in regard to its gauge and Poincare properties, and construct UV completions restoring the broken gauge symmetry. In the case of Poincare-conserving UV cutoff, we find that the gauge symmetry gets restored via the Higgs mechanism. In the case of Poincare-breaking UV cutoff, however, we find that the flat spacetime affine curvature takes the place of the Higgs field and, when taken to curved spacetime, gauge symmetry gets restored at the extremum of the metric-affine action. We also find that gravity emerges at the extremum if the QFT under concern consists of new particles beyond the known ones. The resulting emergent gravity plus renormalized QFT setup has the potential to reveal itself in various astrophysical, cosmological and collider phenomena.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·10 citations
21. 21*

    Quantum Fourier Iterative Amplitude Estimation

    Jorge J. Martínez de Lejarza🇪🇸 · Michele Grossi🇨🇭 · Leandro Cieri🇪🇸 · Germán Rodrigo🇪🇸

    Monte Carlo integration is a widely used numerical method for approximating integrals, which is often computationally expensive. In recent years, quantum computing has shown promise for speeding up Monte Carlo integration, and several quantum algorithms have been proposed to achieve this goal. In this paper, we present an application of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) and Grover's amplification algorithm to build a new tool for estimating Monte Carlo integrals. Our method, which we call Quantum Fourier Iterative Amplitude Estimation (QFIAE), decomposes the target function into its Fourier series using a Parametrized Quantum Circuit (PQC), specifically a Quantum Neural Network (QNN), and then integrates each trigonometric component using Iterative Quantum Amplitude Estimation (IQAE). This approach builds on Fourier Quantum Monte Carlo Integration (FQMCI) method, which also decomposes the target function into its Fourier series, but QFIAE avoids the need for numerical integration of Fourier coefficients. This approach reduces the computational load while maintaining the quadratic speedup achieved by IQAE. To evaluate the performance of QFIAE, we apply it to a test function that corresponds with a particle physics scattering process and compare its accuracy with other quantum integration methods and the analytic result. Our results show that QFIAE achieves comparable accuracy while being suitable for execution on real hardware. We also demonstrate how the accuracy of QFIAE improves by increasing the number of terms in the Fourier series. In conclusion, QFIAE is a promising end-to-end quantum algorithm for Monte Carlo integrals that combines the power of PQC with Fourier analysis and IQAE to offer a new approach for efficiently approximating integrals with high accuracy.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph2023 IEEE International Conference on Qua…·29 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.